Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
  • A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
  • A61K9/0075—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy for inhalation via a dry powder inhaler [DPI], e.g. comprising micronized drug mixed with lactose carrier particles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/02—Nasal agents, e.g. decongestants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/04—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system for throat disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/08—Bronchodilators
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/16—Central respiratory analeptics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• This invention relates to dry powder pharmaceutical compositions, and their use in the treatment of respiratory disorders by inhalation.
• the invention also relates to dry powder inhalers comprising the same. More particularly, this invention relates to a dry powder pharmaceutical composition with improved stability comprising a bronchodilator drug in combination with a steroidal anti- inflammatory drug.
• DPI Dry powder inhalers
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• emphysema rhinitis
• Dry powder compositions for use as inhalable medicaments in DPI's typically comprise a pharmaceutically active agent intimately admixed with an excess of pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or excipients (often called carrier(s)).
• excipients serve not only to dilute the quantity of active agent administered in each dose but also to establish acceptable manufacture of the powder mixture and aid in the aerosolisation of the drug.
• carrier(s) pharmaceutically acceptable excipients
• excipients serve not only to dilute the quantity of active agent administered in each dose but also to establish acceptable manufacture of the powder mixture and aid in the aerosolisation of the drug.
• Such a high proportion of excipient will essentially determine the properties of the powder formulation, particularly the manufacturing characteristics.
• European patent EP 0416951 B1 (Glaxo Group Limited) describes the use of a bronchodilator drug, salmeterol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, fluticasone propionate, for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma.
• a bronchodilator drug salmeterol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
• fluticasone propionate a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• a problem associated with the use of dry powder pharmaceutical compositions of this type is that they can be susceptible to poor stability performance due to moisture ingress. For example, significant deterioration in the fine particle dose (FPD), namely that which has the potential to penetrate into the lower airways of the lung, is often observed upon protracted exposure of such compositions to conditions of elevated temperature and humidity.
• FPD fine particle dose
• Patent application WO 00/28979 (SkyePharma) describes one approach to overcome the above noted problems. It is claimed that dry powder formulations comprising a pharmaceutically active agent, an inhaled vehicle of non-inhalable particle size and magnesium stearate have improved storage stability under extreme (temperature and humidity) conditions.
• compositions containing a combination of therapeutically active molecules as described in EP 0416951 B1 and certain carbohydrate derivatives.
• Such compositions demonstrate surprisingly enhanced stability performance, particularly in respect of eliminating or reducing the detrimental effect on fine particle dose caused on storage of said compositions.
• the present invention therefore provides, in a first aspect, a dry powder pharmaceutical composition for inhalation therapy comprising salmeterol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and fluticasone propionate, an excipient and a derivatised carbohydrate in particulate form.
• the derivitised carbohydrate can be in amorphous or crystalline particulate form.
• the derivitised carbohydrate is in crystalline form.
• the dry powder pharmaceutical compositions according to this invention include not only those in which the components are incorporated as individual particles but also those including matrix particles of more than one component.
• matrix particles including one or both of the active agents and a derivatised carbohydrate or matrix particles of excipient and a derivitised carbohydrate may be utilised.
• matrix particles can be prepared by solid dispersion technology e.g. co-precipitation and particle coating methods which are familiar to those skilled in the art.
• the components are incorporated as individual particles.
• derivatised carbohydrate is used herein to describe a class of molecules in which at least one hydroxyl group of the carbohydrate group is substituted with a hydrophobic moiety via either ester or ethers linkages. All isomers (both pure and mixtures thereof) are included within the scope of this term. Mixtures of chemically distinct derivatised carbohydrates may also be utilised.
• the hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrate may be substituted by a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising up to 20 carbon atoms, more typically up to 6 carbon atoms.
• the derivatised carbohydrates can be formed by derivitisation of monosaccharides (e.g. mannitol, fructose and glucose) or of disaccharides (e.g. maltose, trehalose, cellobiose, lactose and sucrose). Derivatised carbohydrates are either commercially available or can be prepared according to procedures readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
• Non limiting examples of derivatised carbohydrates include cellobiose octaacetate, sucrose octaacetate, lactose octaacetate, glucose pentaacetate, mannitol hexaacetate and trehalose octaacetate. Further suitable examples include those specifically disclosed in patent application WO 99/33853 (Quadrant Holdings), particularly trehalose diisobutyrate hexaacetate.
• a particularly preferred derivatised carbohydrate is cellobiose octaacetate, most preferably ⁇ -D cellobiose octaacetate.
• the aerodynamic size of the derivatised carbohydrates will be between 0.1 and 50 ⁇ m, and more particularly 1 - 20 ⁇ m.
• the derivatised carbohydrates for use in the preparation of compositions in accordance with this invention are typically micronised but controlled precipitation, supercritical fluid methodology and spray drying techniques familiar to those skilled in the art may also be utilised.
• the derivatised carbohydrate is present in a concentration of 0.01 - 50% by weight of the total composition, preferably 1 - 20%.
• Salmeterol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and fluticasone propionate are typically in a form that is suitable to be administered by inhalation.
• the term "suitable to be administered by inhalation” is generally taken to mean therapeutic molecules having an aerodynamic diameter between 0.1 and 10 ⁇ m, and more particularly 1 - 5 ⁇ m.
• Particles of the desired particle size for inhalation are conventionally prepared by micronisation. Other methods of producing such particles are also known in the art. Therefore, such particles can also be prepared using controlled precipitation methods (e.g. methods described in patent applications WO 00/38811 and WO 01/32125 (Glaxo Group Limited)), using supercritical fluid methodology or by spray drying techniques.
• the present invention provides no limitation on the method by which active agents are made suitable to be administered by inhalation.
• the quantity of active agents in the composition produced in accordance with this invention will vary significantly depending, inter alia, upon the the age and weight of the patient and the severity of the condition. Such considerations are familiar to the person skilled in the art. Typically however, the active agents will be present in a concentration of 0.05 to 20%, more typically 0.1 - 15% of the total weight of the composition.
• Salmeterol is preferably used in the form of its 1-hydroxy-2-naphthalene carboxylate (Xinafoate) salt.
• the ratio of salmeterol to fluticasone propionate in the compositions according to this invention is preferably in the range 4 : 1 to 1 : 20, more preferably in the range 1 : 1 to 1 : 10.
• compositions according to this invention may also include one or more additional therapeutically active agents.
• additional therapeutically active agents include compounds known in the art as anti-cholinergics or PDE-4 inhibitors.
• the excipient may be composed of particles of any pharmacologically inert material or combination of materials which is / are suitable for inhalation.
• Preferred excipients include mono-saccharides, such as mannitol, arabinose, xylitol and dextrose and monohydrates thereof, disaccharides, such as lactose, maltose and sucrose, and polysaccharides such as starches, dextrins or dextrans. More preferred excipients comprise particulate crystalline sugars such as glucose, fructose, mannitol, sucrose and lactose. Especially preferred excipients are anhydrous lactose and lactose monohydrate.
• excipient particles for inhalable compositions may typically have particle sizes greater than 20 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range 20 - 150 ⁇ m.
• the inhalable compositions may also contain two or more excipient particle size ranges.
• the fine excipient component in order to control the proportion of inhaled medicament, while retaining a good accuracy for metering, it is often desirable to use one component of the excipient that has a particle size of less than 15 ⁇ m (the fine excipient component) and another component of the excipient that has a particle size of greater than 20 ⁇ m but lower than 150 ⁇ m, preferably lower than 80 ⁇ m (the coarse excipient component).
• excipient or excipients may be commercially available in the desired particle size range or may be separated by air classification, sieving or any other method of size classification known in the art.
• the weight ratio of the fine and coarser excipients components will range from 1 : 99 to 50 : 50.
• Fine and coarse excipient components may consist of chemically identical or chemically different substances.
• the excipient mixtures may, for example, contain one chemical substance as the fine excipient and a different substance as the coarser excipient.
• the fine and coarser excipients in question may themselves constitute mixtures of different substances.
• the fine and coarser excipients will both be lactose.
• the proportion of excipient material to be used in the inhalable compositions of this invention may vary depending upon the proportion of each active agent, the powder inhaler for administration etc. The proportion may, for example, be about 75% to 99.5% by weight of the composition as a whole.
• inhalable compositions may also contain minor amounts of other additives e.g. taste masking agents or sweetners.
• the inhalable compositions of this invention may also include further additives which improve stability performance, e.g. magnesium stearate. Where such additives are present, they will generally not exceed 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
• the dry powder pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with this invention can be prepared using standard methods.
• the pharmaceutically active agents, excipient and derivatised carbohydrate can be intimately mixed using any suitable blending apparatus, such as high shear blenders.
• the particular components of the formulation can be admixed in any order. Pre-mixing of particular components may be found to be advantageous in certain circumstances.
• the progress of the blending process can be monitored by carrying out content uniformity determinations. For example, the blending apparatus may be stopped, materials removed using a sample thief and then analysed for homogeneity by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
• HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
• the blends thus formed can be placed on accelerated stability screen (e.g. 40°C / 75% relative humidity) and the fine particle fraction reduction (i.e. comparison of pre and post stability FPF data) measured as an analytical parameter using a Cascade Impactor (Cl) or Twin Stage Impinger (TSI).
• accelerated stability screen e.g. 40°C / 75% relative humidity
• fine particle fraction reduction i.e. comparison of pre and post stability FPF data
• FPF data fine particle fraction reduction
• TSI Twin Stage Impinger
• the inhalable compositions can be delivered by any suitable inhalation device that is adapted to administer a controlled amount of such a pharmaceutical composition to a patient.
• suitable inhalation devices may rely upon the aerosolisation energy of the patient's own breath to expel and disperse the dry powder dose. Alternatively, this energy may be provided by an energy source independent of the patient's inhalation effort, such as by impellers, patient/device created pressurised gas sources or physically (e.g. compressed gas) or chemically stored energy sources.
• Suitable inhalation devices can also be of the reservoir type i.e. where the dose is withdrawn from a storage vessel using a suitably designed dosing device or alternatively, inhalation devices that release drug from pre-metered units e.g. blisters, cartridges or capsules.
• Packaging of the composition may be suitable for unit dose or multi-dose delivery.
• the composition can be pre-metered (e.g. Diskhaler® as described in US4811731 and US5035237) or metered in use (e.g. Turbuhaler® as described in US4668218).
• An example of a unit-dose device is Rotahaler® (as described in US4353365).
• a particularly preferred inhalation device for dry powder pharmaceutical compositions of this invention is the Diskus® inhaler (described in US patents 5590645 and 5860149) which may be charged with blister (medicament) packs as described in US 5873360.
• Diskus® inhaler described in US patents 5590645 and 5860149
• blister (medicament) packs as described in US 5873360.
• the drawings of said United States patents are specifically incorporated by reference.
• the present invention therefore also provides for a medicament pack for use in an inhalation device which comprises an elongate strip formed from a base sheet having a plurality of recesses spaced along its length and a lid sheet hermetically but peelably sealed thereto to define a plurality of containers, each container having therein an inhalable composition according to the present invention.
• the strip is sufficiently flexible to be wound into a roll.
• the lid sheet and base sheet will preferably have leading end portions which are not sealed to one another and at least one of the said leading end portions is constructed to be attached to a winding means.
• the hermetic seal between the base and lid sheets extends over their whole width.
• the lid sheet may preferably be peeled from the base sheet in a longitudinal direction from a first end of the said base sheet.
• indexing means for indexing in communication with said outlet containers of a medicament pack in use with said inhalation device.
• a medicament pack comprising a circular carrier disc which has a plurality of pre-filled, hermetically sealed containers formed integrally therewith and arranged in a circle, each container containing an inhalable composition according to the present invention, each container being puncturable to form a hole on each side thereof to allow in use, air to flow through the container to entrain the powder contained therein.
• an inhalation device by which compositions of the present invention may be administered to a patient which comprises a housing, a tray mounted and capable of moving within said housing (via a plunger) adapted to receive a circular carrier disc medicament pack, an air inlet (through which air can enter said device) and an air outlet (through which a patient may inhale and receive said composition.
• a medicament pack comprising a piercable capsule which contains an inhalable composition according to the present invention.
• an inhalation device by which compositions of the present invention may be administered to a patient which comprises a body shell which has a nozzle at a forward end and which is open at the rear end, a sleeve fitted on the outside of the body shell and rotatable with respect to it, a means for retaining a piercable capsule extending through the rear wall of the sleeve into the body shell, means for piercing said capsule when sleeve is rotated and a guard to ensure that the inhalable composition and not the pierced capsule, passes through the nozzle.
• an inhalation device by which inhalable compositions of the present invention may be administered to a patient which comprises a nozzle, an air conduit connected to said nozzle for allowing a passage of air to be inhaled, a dosing unit comprising a storage chamber for the inhalable composition (which may also comprise a dosage indicating means) and a displaceable element for dispensing said formulation from the storage chamber into the air conduit, a manoeuvering unit for displacing said element in relation to the storage chamber and optional deflector devices to provide accelerated airflow.
• a dosing unit comprising a storage chamber for the inhalable composition (which may also comprise a dosage indicating means) and a displaceable element for dispensing said formulation from the storage chamber into the air conduit, a manoeuvering unit for displacing said element in relation to the storage chamber and optional deflector devices to provide accelerated airflow.
• the present invention also provides for a method of treatment or prophylaxis of respiratory disorders which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof of a dry powder pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention.
• the present invention provides for the use of a dry powder pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of respiratory disorders.
• Suitable examples of respiratory disorders include, but are not limited to, asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema and rhinitis.
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• the respiratory disorder is asthma.
• dry powder pharmaceutical composition for inhalation therapy and "inhalable composition” are to be treated as synonymous.
• All publications, including but not limited to patents and patent applications, cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein as though fully set forth.
• Dry Powder Compositions comprising derivatised carbohydrates and a 50ug : 50 ⁇ q combination of Salmeterol Xinafoate and Fluticasone Propionate
• blends A - E as tabulated below, were prepared by the following procedure. All material utilised in these blends was sieved using a 500 ⁇ m aperture screen to remove large agglomerates.
• Blend A the control, is formed by mixing of lactose and actives in a 2.5L QMM (high shear) bowl for approximately 10 minutes (blend uniformity less than 4% RSD for either active material (ten samples each approx. 25mg)).
• blends B - E approximately half of the derivatised carbohydrates were pre- mixed with the actives and the other half pre-mixed with the lactose, both in high shear blenders. The two pre-mixes were then combined and mixing continued in a QMM blender for approximately 10 minutes. The blend uniformity data were found to be in the range 1 - 3% RSD for both active materials.
• the seal integrity of the blister pack was deliberately compromised by puncturing each blister.
• the blister pack was then loaded into a Diskus® device.
• the loaded Diskus® devices containing blends A - E were placed on accelerated stability at 40°C / 75% relative humidity for period of 72 hours.
• Twin stage impinger analysis (in triplicate) was performed (at 60 l/min) by the method detailed in the British Pharmacopoeia (Method A) with the exception that a USP throat was substituted for the glass one and was sealed to the stage 1 jet tube using a rubber gasket.
• the devices were tested pre and post storage by discharging the contents of 14 blisters into the Twin Stage Impinger apparatus. The results obtained are tabulated below.
• Figure 1 shows the effect of derivatised carbohydrates on the twin impinger performance of the Fluticasone propionate component of Salmeterol Xinafoate / Fluticasone Propionate 50 ⁇ g / 50 ⁇ g blends (+/- standard deviation).
• Figure 2 shows the effect of derivatised carbohydrates on the twin impinger performance of the Salmeterol Xinafoate component of Salmeterol Xinafoate / Fluticasone Propionate 50 ⁇ g / 50 ⁇ g blends (+/- standard deviation).
• Example 1 Data shown in Example 1 demonstrate that dry powder pharmaceutical compositions comprising salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate as active agents and further incorporating derivatised carbohydrates (particularly cellobiose octaacetate), can significantly reduce the deterioration in fine particle fraction following exposure to high temperature and humidity. It is believed therefore, that such compositions, when incorporated in dry powder inhaler products, would demonstrate considerably enhanced stability and hence an increased shelf-life.

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• 2002
  • 2002-04-13 GB GBGB0208609.8A patent/GB0208609D0/en not_active Ceased
• 2003
  • 2003-04-10 CA CA002482249A patent/CA2482249A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-04-10 RU RU2004130438/15A patent/RU2004130438A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-04-10 BR BR0309115-5A patent/BR0309115A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-04-10 KR KR10-2004-7016301A patent/KR20040097348A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-04-10 MX MXPA04010082A patent/MXPA04010082A/es unknown
  • 2003-04-10 US US10/510,968 patent/US20050232998A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-04-10 JP JP2003585696A patent/JP2005529874A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-04-10 EP EP03720702A patent/EP1509199A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-04-10 PL PL03373293A patent/PL373293A1/xx unknown
  • 2003-04-10 CN CNB038134608A patent/CN100362986C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-04-10 WO PCT/GB2003/001595 patent/WO2003088944A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2003-04-10 AU AU2003224278A patent/AU2003224278A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-04-11 TW TW092108404A patent/TW200407174A/zh unknown
  • 2003-04-11 AR ARP030101279A patent/AR039408A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2004
  • 2004-10-05 IL IL16442104A patent/IL164421A0/xx unknown
  • 2004-10-11 IS IS7501A patent/IS7501A/is unknown
  • 2004-10-12 ZA ZA200408247A patent/ZA200408247B/xx unknown
  • 2004-10-21 NO NO20044496A patent/NO20044496L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2007
  • 2007-11-05 US US11/934,983 patent/US20080060645A1/en not_active Abandoned

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