WO2003083874A1 - Data storage device - Google Patents
Data storage device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003083874A1 WO2003083874A1 PCT/GB2003/001266 GB0301266W WO03083874A1 WO 2003083874 A1 WO2003083874 A1 WO 2003083874A1 GB 0301266 W GB0301266 W GB 0301266W WO 03083874 A1 WO03083874 A1 WO 03083874A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- data storage
- storage device
- magnetic
- accordance
- conduit
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C19/00—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers
- G11C19/02—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements
- G11C19/08—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure
- G11C19/0808—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure using magnetic domain propagation
- G11C19/0816—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure using magnetic domain propagation using a rotating or alternating coplanar magnetic field
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/14—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
- G11C2213/81—Array wherein the array conductors, e.g. word lines, bit lines, are made of nanowires
Definitions
- the invention relates to a data storage device for the storage of digital information such as computer files, digital music, digital video etc.
- the invention relates to a data storage device to which data can be written and read back an unlimited number of times.
- Data storage devices A wide range of data storage devices has become available in recent years employing a range of media for a range of digital data storage applications.
- Data storage devices are designed which are adapted to some of a variety of operational characteristics, including capacity, speed of access, write/ rewrite ability, ability to retain data stably over time (with or without power), size, robustness, portability and the like.
- Known data storage devices include magnetic tape storage, magnetic hard disk storage, and optical disc storage. All offer advantages of good storage capacity and relatively rapid data access, and all can be adapted for ready write and rewrite of data. All require moving parts in the form of electromechanical or optical readers. This can limit the extent to which devices incorporating such data storage media can be miniaturised, and limit the use of the device in high-vibration environments. Although in each case the surface medium is the key to data storage, the mechanisms involved require careful control of properties also of any supporting substrate. Thus, such devices have to be of carefully controlled construction. Moreover all require the reader to have access to the surface of the device, which can place limitations on design freedom for the device.
- Each conduit is formed into a continuous propagation track.
- a conduit is formed into a closed loop to comprise such a continuous propagation track.
- Such a loop is provided with at least one and optionally a plurality and in particular a large number of inversion nodes. Data is able to pass around the closed loop in accordance with the mechanism outlined below.
- the magnetic conduit does not form an entire closed loop of inversion nodes, but rather a linear chain of inversion nodes with means to transfer data between the two ends thereof so that data is still able to circulate around an apparently closed loop, for example comprising a data writing facility at one end of the chain and data reading facility at the other end of the chain, and additional circuitry to feed the data back electronically from the output of the chain to the input of the chain.
- the inversion nodes comprise features in the structure and shape of the conduit which are so adapted as to cause a change in the magnetisation direction, and preferably a substantial reversal in the magnetisation direction, of a domain propagating thereacross under action of a suitable applied field, such as a directionally varying and in particular a rotating magnetic field.
- conduit direction and hence the domain wall propagation direction varies without sharp discontinuities at any point.
- the conduit in the region of and comprising the inversion node must have configurational features such as to cause a change in the magnetisation direction, and preferably a substantial reversal in the magnetisation direction, of a domain propagating thereacross but without any specific sharp variation in propagation direction.
- an inversion node comprises a substantial reversal of maganetisation direction at the inversion node.
- the inversion node comprises a portion in which a direction change away from the initial path and a subsequent direction change back to the initial path are provided in the conduit such that no direct propagation path is possible across the deviating portion.
- deviations comprise 90° deviations from the initial path.
- deviations from the initial path preferably occur gradually over a distance along the conduit track.
- the inversion node comprises a cycloidal portion within the conduit loop structure, in particular directed internally, or a topological equivalent of such a structure.
- a device in accordance with the invention preferably comprises a number of magnetic conduits formed into closed loops each comprising a plurality of cycloids serving to effect abrupt directional reversals in a magnetisation direction of a domain wall passing thereacross and hence serving as inversion points for domain walls as they are propagated along the conduit of the invention by a suitable driving field.
- each cycloid has a turning radius which is in the range three to ten times the conduit width.
- the cycloid is such as to produce a substantial change, for example a substantial 180° reversal, of magnetisation direction as a domain wall passes therethrough.
- the magnetic conduit needs to have architecture capable of sustaining and propagating a domain wall under action of a controlling field.
- the magnetic conduit may be formed as a continuous track of magnetic material.
- the loops in the device in accordance with the invention preferably comprise magnetic wires, in particular generally planar magnetic wires on a suitable substrate.
- the data storage device thus uses a number of planar magnetic conduits and in particular magnetic wires which are preferably shaped into closed loops of cycloids.
- the invention employs magnetic nanoscale technology, the device comprising a number of planar magnetic nanowires preferably formed into a plurality of closed loops of cycloids.
- the planar magnetic nanowires are preferably less than 1 ⁇ m in width and are formed onto any suitable substrate. Width is a trade off between the improved storage capacity of devices employing narrower nanoscale wires and fabrication costs and complexities. However devices incorporating wires above one micron are unlikely to be effective, and 50 nm is a likely practical lower limit of cost-effective practicality for current wire forming techniques. It should be emphasised that it is not a technical effect limit, and that improved fabrication techniques could render further miniaturised devices embodying the invention practical.
- Wire thickness is optimised for optimum performance of the device, and is broadly a function of width. In particular wire thickness is generally around l/40 th of wire width. Wire thickness is generally not less than 2 nm, and preferably not less than 3 nm. Wires are in practice unlikely to be more than 25 nm thick.
- the wires can be fabricated by optical lithography, X-ray lithography, micro- contact printing, e-beam lithography, deposition through a shadow mask or by some other suitable method.
- the wires are made from a magnetic material such as Permalloy (Ni 80 Fe 20 ) or CoFe or some other soft magnetic material.
- the data storage device incorporating inversion nodes as above described is subject to the application of a suitable directionally varying and in particular rotating magnetic field in a manner of operation described in greater detail below, which gives the inversion node a memory function.
- the provision of a plural array of loops each incorporating one or more inversion nodes allows a device in accordance with the invention to store data serially in a ring. Data can be written to a device in accordance with the invention and read back an unlimited number of times.
- the invention requires no moving parts. Consequently, it can be easily miniaturised and used in high- vibration environments.
- the principle of the invention is very simple, and manufacturing costs can be kept low. Moreover, no power is required to retain data in the memory of the invention when it is not in use.
- the invention uses a number of magnetic conduits such as planar magnetic wires.
- the planar wires are formed on some substrate, but unlike microelectronic memory, this substrate plays no role in the electronic or magnetic operation of the device, serving essentially only to provide mechanical support.
- Conventional silicon substrates may still be used, but since no functionality is necessary from the substrate, materials other than silicon may also be used, such as glasses or plastics. Examples include polyimide such as Kapton, polyethylene terephthalate or Mylar-type materials, acetate, polymethylmethacrylate or other.
- Plastic substrates have the advantage of low cost and simplicity of fabrication and also offering the potential for mechanical flexibility which makes the invention suitable for integration into plastic cards such as Smart Cards, or into clothing.
- the invention's areal storage density is moderate, being higher than magnetic tape but lower than magnetic hard disks. Reading and writing data rates can be very high if required, and even higher than hard disk drive rates. However, the invention stores data serially in a ring, and so access time to a given block of data is likely to be relatively slow, making the invention of limited applicability as a direct replacement for the primary hard disk drive in computers.
- the arrows represent magnetisation direction within the narrow strips of magnetic material which form the gate.
- the central structure of the gate reverses the direction of magnetisation coming in from the left.
- the gate In use the gate is be placed in a magnetic field, the vector of which rotates in the plane of the device with time. Whilst the device of the invention is not limited by any theory of operation, it can be noted that because of magnetic shape anisotropy, the magnetisation in the wire is generally confined to lie along the long axis of the wire. This means that there are two possible magnetisation directions and so there exists a natural binary representation. A change in magnetisation direction is mediated by a magnetic domain wall being swept along the wire by the applied field. The fact that the applied field rotates means that domain walls can be carried around corners.
- a NOT-gate similar to the one described above is fabricated by a suitable method.
- the shape of the gate is modified slightly from that shown in Fig. 1 to have a cycloidal shape.
- the output of the gate is connected back into its input using a suitable magnetic conduit such as a planar magnetic wire to form a closed loop.
- An array of such loops forms the device of the invention according to this preferred embodiment, which comprises planar magnetic nanowires formed into large closed loops of serially connected cycloids to form chains of magnetic NOT gates.
- the output of the last NOT gate in each chain is fed back into the input of the first NOT gate by a planar magnetic wire so as to form a closed loop for the data sequence to circulate around.
- the cycloids serve as inversion nodes for propagating domain walls as they propagate through the nanowires under action of a suitable rotational operating field in the manner noted above and described in greater detail below.
- the inverted output only appears after a time delay equal to one half of the period of the rotational applied field, which makes each inversion node appear as a single bit memory cell or flip-flop.
- the loops of cycloids have the same memory function as a serial circular shift register, and can serve as a data storage device in accordance with the invention.
- a data storage system comprising one or more device elements as above described and further comprising a magnetic field driver for providing a controlled time- varying driving magnetic field.
- the magnetic field driver is preferably set up such that the driving field is applied simultaneously to all of the cycloids in a given loop and may be applied simultaneously to all of the loops in the system. This gives a distinctive feature of the present system in operation.
- the magnetic field is applied to the entire loop at once so that all of the data bits advance together, instead of only locally under the write head as would be the case with conventional magnetic data storage. Any suitable field may be envisaged.
- the magnetic field driver provides a controlled magnetic field consisting of two orthogonal fields operating in a predetermined sequence, preferable alternating, and more preferably forming a clocking field in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction.
- data may be stored in the storage device(s) in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.
- the system may further comprise suitable electrical and/or data input and/or outputs to enable the data storage device to be used in a memory storage and retrieval system.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a prior art magnetic NOT-gate (see above);
- Fig. 2 is a magnetic NOT gate modified for use as a data storage device in accordance with the invention
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the structure of the NOT gate of figure 2 (Part A) and of its effect on a domain wall entering at point P under the action of a rotating magnetic field H;
- Figure 4 shows three magnetic NOT gates connected in a ring to form a 5-bit serial shift register in Part A, and Part B shows how simple (trace I) and complex (trace II) bit sequences can be forced to circulate around the ring by the application of a rotating magnetic field (the asterisk in Part A showing the point in the loop where the measurements shown in Part B were made);
- Figure 5 shows eleven magnetic NOT gates connected in a ring to form a 13- bit serial memory in Part A, and Part B shows a simple 13-bit data sequence cycling around the loop under the action of a rotating magnetic field (the asterisk in Part A showing the point in the loop where the measurements shown in Part B were made).
- Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of the data writing and read-out mechanism of this invention.
- Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of a number of magnetic loops on the same substrate, addressed individually by electronic multiplexers and demulitplexers;
- Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of the stacking of a number of substrates each containing a number of data loops to form a 3-dimensional memory cube.
- Figure 2 shows a NOT gate similar to figure 1 , but particularly adapted to be optimised for the present invention to have a cycloidal shape.
- the gate is made by focused ion beam milling of a 5nm thick Permalloy (Ni 80 Fe 20 ) film on a silicon substrate. Only the bright white shade is magnetic material; other contrast is due to the multi-step milling process used during the fabrication of the gate.
- Fig 2a shows the gate with its output connected back to its input using a planar magnetic wire to form a closed loop.
- Fig 2b shows a close up of the gate structure, which has a cycloidal form. Magnetooptical measurements at points I and II in response to an applied rotating magnetic field are shown in Fig. 2c. There is a half-cycle delay between the input (trace I) changing state and the output (trace II) changing state equal to one half of the period of the applied rotating magnetic field, which corresponds to a memory function.
- Figure 3 gives an explanation of the inverting action of the cycloid and in particular of the origin of this delay.
- the magnetization direction within sub- micron ferromagnetic planar wires tends to lie along the wire long-axis due to strong magnetic shape anisotropy.
- the re-alignment of successive atomic magnetic moments is not abrupt but occurs gradually over a certain distance to form a domain wall.
- domain walls can propagate along straight sub-micron magnetic wires by application of a magnetic field parallel to the wire.
- a magnetic field is applied with a vector that rotates with time in the sample plane can be used to propagate domain walls along magnetic wires that also change direction and turn corners.
- the clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation defines the magnetic field chirality.
- a domain wall should propagate around a magnetic wire comer providing that the field and corner are of the same chirality.
- the chirality of a corner depends upon the direction of domain wall propagation so that, within a rotating magnetic field of given chirality, a domain wall will only be able to pass through a given corner in one direction.
- the two stable magnetization directions within sub-micron magnetic wires provide a natural means of representing the two Boolean logic states and this, together with application of a rotating magnetic field, is the basis of operation of each logical unit of the memory device.
- the cycloid illustrated in figure 3 provides an inverting function and demonstrates NOT-gate functionality when within a suitable rotating magnetic field.
- the magnetic field is rotating in a counter-clockwise sense.
- a domain wall arriving at terminal 'P' (fig. 3B) of the junction will propagate around the first comer of the junction (fig. 3C) and through to terminal 'Q' as the applied field rotates from the horizontal to the vertical direction.
- the magnetization between 'P' and 'Q' will now be continuous (fig. 3D).
- the domain wall should propagate around the second comer of the junction (fig. 3E), exiting at terminal 'R' and restoring continuous magnetization between 'Q' and 'R'.
- the magnetization of the wire immediately after the junction should now be reversed compared with that immediately before the junction.
- the junction should therefore perform the desired NOT-function with a half field-cycle propagation delay. This operation is analogous to a car reversing its direction by performing a three- point turn.
- FIG. 4 shows a reduced version of the invention in which three NOT gates have been connected in a chain, and the output of the chain fed back into the beginning of the chain by a planar magnetic wire.
- Trace I of Fig. 4b shows a simple bit-sequence cycling around the chain: the pattern repeats every 5 cycles of the rotating field.
- Trace II of Fig. 4b shows a more complex sequence cycling around the loop, with a period of 5 cycles of the rotating field.
- the device is effectively behaving as a 5-bit serial shift register.
- the data bit sequence takes one step to the right on each complete cycle of the rotating field. These data were obtained using a counterclockwise rotating field and so the data were cycling around the magnetic ring in a counter-clockwise sense. We find that reversing the rotating sense of the field to clockwise causes the data to reverse direction and to begin to cycle around the magnetic ring in a clockwise sense.
- Figure 5 shows a test of the invention using 11 NOT gates.
- Figure 5b shows a simple bit sequence cycling around the loop with a repeat period of 13 cycles of the rotating field. .
- Data are written into each loop by a current-carrying lithographic wire passing over the top or underneath the planar magnetic wire. Data are read out of each loop by using a magnetic tunnel junction attached to one part of the loop or by measuring the electrical resistance of a domain wall present at one of the comers of the wire or by measuring the electrical resistance of a domain wall present in one of the NOT gates.
- Figure 6 shows examples of these data input/output methods.
- Data is written into the loop by a current carrying electrical lithographic wire (61) which passes above or beneath the ring. Data circulates around the loop in the direction of arrow A. Data is read out of the loop either by forming a magnetic tunnel junction between two electrical contacts (62) at one point of the loop (upper panel) or by applying two electrical contacts (63) to measure the resistance of any domain wall contained within a small part of the ring (lower panel).
- the magnetic conduit itself does not form a closed loop of inversion nodes, but rather a linear chain of inversion nodes with data writing facility at one end of the chain and data reading facility at the other end of the chain.
- external control circuitry it is necessary for external control circuitry to feed the data back electronically from the output of the chain to the input of the chain so that data is still able to circulate around an apparently closed loop.
- the data loops sit in a magnetic field, the vector of which rotates in the plane of the loops with time at a frequency in the range lHz-200 MHz.
- the field magnitude may be constant as the field rotates, thus forming a circular locus for the magnetic field vector, or it may vary, thus forming an elliptical locus for the magnetic field vector. This can be achieved in small area devices by placing an electromagnetic strip line underneath the loops and then passing an alternating current through the strip line. In larger area device, the substrate carrying the loops is placed within a quadrapole electromagnet.
- the field magnitude should be strong enough to ensure that a domain wall can be pushed all the way through each NOT gate, but not so strong that new domain walls can be nucleated independently of the data input mechanism.
- the field required to push a domain wall through each NOT gate can be tuned by varying the thickness of the loops, the width of the loops and the magnetic material used to make the loops. This field should be large enough that the device does not suffer erasure from stray ambient magnetic fields.
- the invention may be shielded using MuMetal if stray field erasure is a problem.
- An optimised device will use applied field strengths in the range of 50-200 Oe.
- the invention may comprise a large number of data loops on a single substrate with electronic multiplexers and demultiplexers being used to address the correct loop, as illustrated in Figure 7.
- a number of loops are shown between data writing drivers and multiplexers (71) and data reading demultiplexers and amplifiers (72).
- a large number of loops each comprising a small number of NOT gates will be very resistant to failure of individual NOT gates (the loop containing the failed gate can be taken out of circuit without significantly reducing the overall storage capacity) and will have a rapid access time, but will involve more reading and writing points (and therefore higher cost) and it will be more complicated to integrate a large number of loops into a single integrated circuit package.
- All of the figures in this document show loops of 8 gates. This is purely figurative - in practice each loop will contain many thousands of gates.
- a particular feature of the invention is that one is not limited to a 2- dimensional plane in placing data loops. Unlike compact disc, magnetic tape and magnetic hard disc storage no mechanical access is required to the surface of the invention.
- Substrates may be placed on top of each other to form a 3- dimensional data cube, as shown in Figure 8. This has the advantage of allowing much higher data storage densities to be achieved. If desired, all of the substrates in a cube may share the same applied rotating magnetic field, thus keeping the layers in synchronisation with each other and reducing the complexity of the device.
- the invention may be configured to input/output a single serial stream of data, or if desired, streams of data words of multiple bit width may stored by using several rings or layers in parallel.
- the invention is not suitable as a replacement for the primary hard disk in computers. It may, however, find application in some of the following situations, as well as others.
- This application requires low-cost, non-volatile, re-writable storage of digital information which is usually replayed serially.
- a NOT gate would occupy an area of l ⁇ m .
- a 1cm single layer covered with data chains would therefore provide 12 Mbytes of serial data storage, which is sufficient for 12 minutes hours of CD-quality music. Stacking of layers will provide several hours of CD-quality audio at very low cost.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (18)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IL16399703A IL163997A0 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage device |
AU2003226505A AU2003226505A1 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage device |
EA200401263A EA006289B1 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage device |
GB0422377A GB2403080B (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage device |
KR1020047015041A KR100912436B1 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage device |
MXPA04009307A MXPA04009307A (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage device. |
US10/508,904 US7502244B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage device |
CU20040210A CU23099A3 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-03-25 | DATA STORAGE DEVICE. |
NZ535781A NZ535781A (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage device |
BR0308769-7A BR0308769A (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage device |
JP2003581205A JP4463564B2 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage |
CA002480086A CA2480086A1 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage device |
EP03745327A EP1514276A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage device |
NO20043958A NO20043958L (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2004-09-21 | Data storage device |
TNP2004000182A TNSN04182A1 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2004-09-22 | Data storage device |
HR20040884A HRP20040884A2 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2004-09-24 | Data storage device |
IS7506A IS7506A (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2004-10-15 | Data Storage Device |
HK05104090A HK1070982A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2005-05-17 | Data storage device. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0207160A GB0207160D0 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2002-03-27 | Data storage device |
GB0207160.3 | 2002-03-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003083874A1 true WO2003083874A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
WO2003083874A8 WO2003083874A8 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
Family
ID=9933766
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2003/001266 WO2003083874A1 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2003-03-25 | Data storage device |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1514276A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4463564B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100452243C (en) |
CU (1) | CU23099A3 (en) |
EA (1) | EA006289B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB0207160D0 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1070982A1 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20040884A2 (en) |
IS (1) | IS7506A (en) |
MA (1) | MA27296A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04009307A (en) |
MY (1) | MY135448A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20043958L (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ535781A (en) |
OA (1) | OA12989A (en) |
PL (1) | PL373815A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI310938B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003083874A1 (en) |
YU (1) | YU91604A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200407730B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007015055A1 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2007-02-08 | Ingenia Technology Limited | Memory access |
JP2012028794A (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2012-02-09 | Seoul National Univ Industry Foundation | Strong spin wave generation method, and ultra high speed information processing spin wave element using spin wave |
DE112012000271T5 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2013-09-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ferromagnetic unit that ensures high domain wall speeds |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009037910A1 (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2009-03-26 | Nec Corporation | Magnetic random access memory, its writing method, and magnetoresistive effect element |
JP5327543B2 (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2013-10-30 | 日本電気株式会社 | Magnetic random access memory |
WO2009122990A1 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-08 | 日本電気株式会社 | Magnetoresistive effect element and magnetic random access memory |
JP5653379B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2015-01-14 | 株式会社東芝 | Magnetic storage element, magnetic memory, and magnetic storage device |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3774179A (en) * | 1971-07-22 | 1973-11-20 | J Wiegand | Ferromagnetic storage medium |
US3811120A (en) * | 1973-04-05 | 1974-05-14 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Magnetic domain propagation arrangement having channels defined by straight line boundaries |
WO2001031789A2 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2001-05-03 | Cambridge University Technical Services Limited | Magnetic logic device having magnetic quantum dots |
WO2002013208A1 (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2002-02-14 | Cambridge University Technical Services Limited | Magnetic element with switchable domain structure |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10033486A1 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2002-01-24 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Integrated memory (MRAM), whose memory cells contain magnetoresistive memory effect |
-
2002
- 2002-03-27 GB GB0207160A patent/GB0207160D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-03-14 TW TW92105590A patent/TWI310938B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-03-25 MX MXPA04009307A patent/MXPA04009307A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-03-25 CN CNB038120003A patent/CN100452243C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-25 EP EP03745327A patent/EP1514276A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-03-25 NZ NZ535781A patent/NZ535781A/en unknown
- 2003-03-25 MY MYPI20031073 patent/MY135448A/en unknown
- 2003-03-25 EA EA200401263A patent/EA006289B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-03-25 YU YU91604A patent/YU91604A/en unknown
- 2003-03-25 OA OA1200400256A patent/OA12989A/en unknown
- 2003-03-25 CU CU20040210A patent/CU23099A3/en unknown
- 2003-03-25 WO PCT/GB2003/001266 patent/WO2003083874A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-03-25 JP JP2003581205A patent/JP4463564B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-25 PL PL03373815A patent/PL373815A1/en unknown
-
2004
- 2004-09-21 MA MA27872A patent/MA27296A1/en unknown
- 2004-09-21 NO NO20043958A patent/NO20043958L/en unknown
- 2004-09-23 ZA ZA200407730A patent/ZA200407730B/en unknown
- 2004-09-24 HR HR20040884A patent/HRP20040884A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-10-15 IS IS7506A patent/IS7506A/en unknown
-
2005
- 2005-05-17 HK HK05104090A patent/HK1070982A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3774179A (en) * | 1971-07-22 | 1973-11-20 | J Wiegand | Ferromagnetic storage medium |
US3811120A (en) * | 1973-04-05 | 1974-05-14 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Magnetic domain propagation arrangement having channels defined by straight line boundaries |
WO2001031789A2 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2001-05-03 | Cambridge University Technical Services Limited | Magnetic logic device having magnetic quantum dots |
WO2002013208A1 (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2002-02-14 | Cambridge University Technical Services Limited | Magnetic element with switchable domain structure |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
ONO T ET AL: "Magnetization reversal and electric transport in ferromagnetic nanowires", MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA, LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 84, no. 1-2, 5 July 2001 (2001-07-05), pages 126 - 132, XP004242297, ISSN: 0921-5107 * |
TANIYAMA T ET AL: "CONTROL OF DOMAIN STRUCTURES AND MAGNETOTRANSPORT PROPERTIES IN PATTERNED FERROMAGNETIC WIRES", APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS. NEW YORK, US, vol. 76, no. 5, 31 January 2000 (2000-01-31), pages 613 - 615, XP000934656, ISSN: 0003-6951 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007015055A1 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2007-02-08 | Ingenia Technology Limited | Memory access |
JP2009503883A (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2009-01-29 | インゲニア・テクノロジー・リミテッド | Memory access |
US7554835B2 (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2009-06-30 | Ingenia Technology Limited | Memory access |
JP2012028794A (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2012-02-09 | Seoul National Univ Industry Foundation | Strong spin wave generation method, and ultra high speed information processing spin wave element using spin wave |
DE112012000271T5 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2013-09-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ferromagnetic unit that ensures high domain wall speeds |
US9276196B2 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2016-03-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ferromagnetic device providing high domain wall velocities |
US9564197B2 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2017-02-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ferromagnetic device providing high domain wall velocities |
DE112012000271B4 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2022-01-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ferromagnetic unit that ensures high domain wall velocities |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200306536A (en) | 2003-11-16 |
OA12989A (en) | 2006-10-13 |
NO20043958L (en) | 2004-12-27 |
JP4463564B2 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
CN1656568A (en) | 2005-08-17 |
NZ535781A (en) | 2005-05-27 |
YU91604A (en) | 2006-05-25 |
TWI310938B (en) | 2009-06-11 |
MY135448A (en) | 2008-04-30 |
MXPA04009307A (en) | 2005-07-05 |
HK1070982A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
EA006289B1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
GB0207160D0 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
IS7506A (en) | 2004-10-15 |
WO2003083874A8 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
CN100452243C (en) | 2009-01-14 |
EA200401263A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
JP2006504210A (en) | 2006-02-02 |
PL373815A1 (en) | 2005-09-19 |
HRP20040884A2 (en) | 2005-02-28 |
CU23099A3 (en) | 2005-12-20 |
ZA200407730B (en) | 2005-08-31 |
EP1514276A1 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
MA27296A1 (en) | 2005-05-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7554835B2 (en) | Memory access | |
US7502244B2 (en) | Data storage device | |
US6970379B2 (en) | System and method for storing data in an unpatterned, continuous magnetic layer | |
Bobeck et al. | Magnetic bubbles—An emerging new memory technology | |
KR100519898B1 (en) | Magnetic memory, magnetic memory array, method for fabricating a magnetic memory, method for recording in a magnetic memory and method for reading out from a magnetic memory | |
EP1514276A1 (en) | Data storage device | |
KR100912436B1 (en) | Data storage device | |
JP2006504210A5 (en) | ||
JP2004363350A (en) | Minute magnetic substance of annular single magnetic domain structure and method of manufacturing the same or magnetic recording element using the same | |
US20100085659A1 (en) | Information storage devices using magnetic domain wall motion | |
EP0032157B1 (en) | Magnetic bubble domain exchanging circuit | |
JPS6059669B2 (en) | High density bubble memory element | |
GB2430318A (en) | Multiple layer magnetic logic memory device | |
GB2436490A (en) | Multiple layer magnetic logic memory device | |
JPS598906B2 (en) | magnetic bubble storage device | |
JPS592988B2 (en) | Rotating magnetic field controlled bubble memory element | |
JPS58179986A (en) | Magnetic bubble memory element |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: P-916/04 Country of ref document: YU |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NI NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 0422377 Country of ref document: GB Kind code of ref document: A Free format text: PCT FILING DATE = 20030325 |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 163997 Country of ref document: IL |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1-2004-501466 Country of ref document: PH |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2480086 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020047015041 Country of ref document: KR Ref document number: 373815 Country of ref document: PL |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004/07730 Country of ref document: ZA Ref document number: 200407730 Country of ref document: ZA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: P20040884A Country of ref document: HR Ref document number: 2003581205 Country of ref document: JP Ref document number: PA/a/2004/009307 Country of ref document: MX Ref document number: 2874/DELNP/2004 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2003745327 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 535781 Country of ref document: NZ |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1200401059 Country of ref document: VN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2003226505 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200401263 Country of ref document: EA |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20040405 Country of ref document: UZ Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 8468 Country of ref document: GE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 20038120003 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020047015041 Country of ref document: KR |
|
CFP | Corrected version of a pamphlet front page | ||
CR1 | Correction of entry in section i |
Free format text: IN PCT GAZETTE 41/2003 UNDER (30) REPLACE "0028092.5" BY "0207160.3" |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2003745327 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 535781 Country of ref document: NZ |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10508904 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 535781 Country of ref document: NZ |