WO2003056639A1 - Dispositif thermoelectrique et appareil thermoelectrique comprenant ce dispositif - Google Patents

Dispositif thermoelectrique et appareil thermoelectrique comprenant ce dispositif Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003056639A1
WO2003056639A1 PCT/JP2002/013407 JP0213407W WO03056639A1 WO 2003056639 A1 WO2003056639 A1 WO 2003056639A1 JP 0213407 W JP0213407 W JP 0213407W WO 03056639 A1 WO03056639 A1 WO 03056639A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
anode
cathode
air
thermoelectric element
nanostructure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2002/013407
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yukihiro Makino
Original Assignee
Daikin Industries, Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daikin Industries, Ltd. filed Critical Daikin Industries, Ltd.
Publication of WO2003056639A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003056639A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0042—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater characterised by the application of thermo-electric units or the Peltier effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N15/00—Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials; Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect

Definitions

  • thermoelectric element and a thermoelectric device provided with the thermoelectric element.
  • the present invention relates to a thermoelectric element and a thermoelectric device provided with the thermoelectric element, and more particularly to a thermoelectric element using a nanostructure.
  • thermoelectric elements use the Peltier effect, for example, to directly convert heat to electric energy or to convert electric energy into heat.
  • Thermoelectric elements utilizing the Peltier effect are used in various thermoelectric devices such as air conditioners and power generators.
  • an air conditioner using a thermoelectric element has an advantage that it is environmentally friendly because there is no need to provide a compressor in a vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
  • thermoelectric element has a problem that an optimum substance is not used as a material for electron emission, the internal resistance is large, and the conversion efficiency between heat and electric energy is low.
  • thermoelectric element includes, for example, a cool chip manufactured by Boralis.
  • this cool chip reduces the ionization energy of the outermost electrons in order to reduce the electric field required for field emission, that is, to reduce the work function. Therefore, the above-mentioned cool chip has a problem in that the strength of the electrode material is insufficient, the heat is weak, and a large current cannot be supplied.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a thermoelectric element having high conversion efficiency between heat and electric energy and a thermoelectric device including the thermoelectric element. It is assumed that. Disclosure of the invention
  • the first invention comprises a negative electrode (21) and a positive electrode (22) arranged opposite to each other, and both of the negative electrode (21) and the positive electrode (22).
  • a nanostructure (23) made of a conductive material disposed on the opposing surface or any one of the opposing surfaces. Then, a vacuum is maintained between the cathode (21) and the anode (22), and heat or electric energy is applied between the cathode (21) and the anode (22) to make heat and electric energy To convert.
  • the anode (21) is passed from the cathode (21) through the nanostructure (23).
  • a cooling section is formed on the cathode (21) by the field emission of electrons toward 22), and a heating section is formed on the anode (22) to convert electric energy into heat.
  • thermoelectric element characterized in that:
  • the cathode (21) is heated, the anode (22) is cooled, and the anode (22) is converted from the cathode (21) through the nanostructure (23).
  • thermionic emission is generated to convert heat into electric energy.
  • the nanostructure (23) is a nanotube, and the tip of the nanotube is cut off to form an open end (24). Have been.
  • the nanostructure (23) is a carbon nanotube, and has a surface modification.
  • the sixth invention is a thermoelectric device for performing air conditioning, comprising: a casing (11); and a heat exchange means (12) provided in the casing (11) and having a thermoelectric element (20).
  • the thermoelectric element (20) of the heat exchange means (12) includes a cathode (21) and an anode (22), which are arranged to face each other, and both the cathode (21) and the anode (22).
  • a nanostructure (23) made of a conductive material disposed on the opposing surface or any one of the opposing surfaces, wherein the cathode (21) and the anode (22) face each of the passages (15, 16).
  • the vacuum is maintained between the cathode (21) and the anode (22), and the cathode (21) and the anode (22)
  • a predetermined voltage is applied between the cathode and the anode, the cathode (21) is cooled by the field emission of electrons from the cathode (21) to the anode (22) through the nanostructure (23), and the anode (22) is heated. It is configured to cool or heat the first air in the primary passage (15) and the second air in the secondary passage (16).
  • a seventh invention is a thermoelectric device for dehumidifying air, comprising: a casing (31); a dehumidifying means (32) provided in the casing (31) and having a thermoelectric element (20); An air passage (36) formed inside the casing (31), through which air flows.
  • the thermoelectric elements (20) of the dehumidifying means (32) are arranged to face each other.
  • a nanostructure (23) comprising a cathode (21) and an anode (22), and a conductive material disposed on both the opposing surfaces of the cathode (21) and the anode (22), or any one of the opposing surfaces.
  • the cathode (21) is disposed facing the air passage (36), the space between the cathode (21) and the anode (22) is maintained in a vacuum, and the cathode (21) and the anode are A predetermined voltage is applied between the cathode (21) and the cathode (21) via the nanostructure (23) to the cathode (21) toward the anode (22) by field emission of electrons.
  • (21) is cooled, the anode (22) is heated, and the air in the air passage (36) is cooled and dehumidified.
  • the air cooled by the cathode (21) of the thermoelectric element (20) flows and the deodorizing means (33) for adsorbing odorous substances in the air is provided. Is provided.
  • thermoelectric device for generating electricity, comprising: a converting means (45) having a thermoelectric element (20); and a heating means (42) arranged on one side of the converting means (45). And cooling means (46) arranged on one side of the conversion means (45).
  • the thermoelectric element (20) includes a cathode (21) and an anode (22), which are arranged to face each other, and both surfaces of the cathode (21) and the anode (22).
  • a nanostructure (23) made of a conductive substance disposed on the opposite surface of the device, wherein a vacuum is maintained between the cathode (21) and the anode (22), and the cathode (21) is heated by a heating means.
  • thermoelectrons While heating by (42), the anode (22) is cooled by cooling means (46), and the heat is converted to electric energy by the emission of thermoelectrons from the cathode (21) to the anode (22) to load (47). ) Is configured to supply power.
  • a tenth aspect of the present invention relates to a heat generating apparatus comprising: a power generating means (40); An electric device, wherein the power generation means (40) includes: a conversion means (45) having a thermoelectric element (20); a heating means (42) arranged on one side of the conversion means (45); A cooling means (46) arranged on one side of the conversion means (45), wherein the air conditioning means (10) comprises a heat exchange means (12) having a thermoelectric element (20); and a casing (11). Inside the casing and on one side of the heat exchange means (12), on the primary side of the first air (15), and inside the casing (11) and on the other side of the heat exchange means (12). And a passage (16) on the secondary side of the formed second air.
  • the thermoelectric element (20) of the power generation means (40) includes a cathode (21) and an anode (22) arranged opposite to each other, and an opposing surface of both the cathode (21) and the anode (22). Or a nanostructure (23) made of a conductive material disposed on one of the opposing surfaces, and maintaining a vacuum between the cathode (21) and the anode (22); 21) is heated by the heating means (42), the anode (22) is cooled by the cooling means (46), and heat is emitted to the electrician by emitting thermoelectrons from the cathode (21) to the anode (22). The power is converted and supplied to the heat exchange means (12) of the air conditioning means (10).
  • thermoelectric element (20) of the air-conditioning means (10) includes both a negative electrode (21) and an anode (22) arranged opposite to each other and both the cathode (21) and the anode (22).
  • a nanostructure (23) made of a conductive material disposed on the opposing surface or one of the opposing surfaces, wherein the cathode (21) and the anode (22) face each passage (15, 16). The vacuum is maintained between the cathode (21) and the anode (22), and a predetermined voltage is applied between the cathode (21) and the anode (22) to form a nanostructure (23).
  • the cathode (21) is cooled by the field emission of electrons from the cathode (21) to the anode (22) through the cathode, the anode (22) is heated, and the first air and the secondary side of the primary passage (15) are cooled.
  • the second air in the passage (16) is configured to be cooled or heated.
  • the nanostructure (23) is a nanotube, and a tip of the nanotube is cut off to form an open end ( 24).
  • the nanostructure (23) is a carbon nanotube, and is surface-modified.
  • the basic principle of the present invention using the above-mentioned nanostructure (23) is as follows.
  • a heat pump device of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle uses a gas or a liquid as a refrigerant and uses a compressor. Therefore, the conventional heat pump apparatus had problems such as existence of movable parts, vibration, noise, wear of sliding parts, heat generation of the compressor itself, and weight and size of the compressor.
  • the efficiency of the conventional heat pump device is 30% to 50% of the efficiency of one Carno cycle, and there is a problem that the use of artificial refrigerant gas impairs the global environment.
  • thermoelectric element by field emission of electrons or emission of thermoelectrons using a structural material having a characteristic nanostructure and conductivity as a result of many years of research. .
  • carbon nanotubes which are nanostructures (23)
  • the good electron emission characteristics of carbon nanotubes are attributed to the extremely high electrical conductivity in the axial direction and the microscopic nanoscale diameter.
  • Carbon nanotubes have high structural stability regardless of whether they are single-phase or multi-walled, and have a sharp tip, that is, a high aspect ratio.
  • an electric field acts between the negative electrode (21) and the anode (22)
  • the electric field concentrates at the tip of the carbon nanotube, and electrons are tunneled efficiently at a lower applied voltage. Released.
  • the carbon nanotubes are chemically stable and stable even at a high temperature (for example, 280 ° C. in a vacuum), and have desirable properties as a field emission material.
  • the carbon nanotube has a feature that a large current density can be obtained.
  • the nanostructure (23) is used by paying attention to such a point.
  • the cathode (21) and the anode (22) are arranged facing each other, and the electric field of 1 v / mm to 10 kv / mm or 0.1 lv to 100
  • a voltage of v is applied, electrons are emitted from the tip of the nanostructure (23) as a tunneling into a vacuum.
  • the electrons take kinetic energy from the cathode (21) and reach the anode (22).
  • the cathode (21) emitting electrons is cooled, while the anode (22) receiving electrons is heated.
  • the tip of the carbon nanotube as the nanostructure (23) is set to the open end (24), the electric field is concentrated on the edge, so that the electric field emission is further improved.
  • the work function can be reduced by subjecting the nanostructure (23) to surface modification.
  • the sixth invention is to perform air conditioning by a thermoelectric element (20). That is, the first air is sucked into the casing (11) and flows through the primary passage (15). The first air is cooled by exchanging heat at the cathode (21) (cooling section) of the thermoelectric element (20) in the heat exchange means (12), and becomes conditioned air of the cooling air. This conditioned air flows into the primary passage (15), blows out into the room, and cools the room.
  • the second air is sucked into the casing (11) and flows through the secondary passage (16). Then, the outdoor air is heated by exchanging heat with the anode (22) (heating portion) of the thermoelectric element (20) in the heat exchange means (12), and becomes exhaust heat air. The exhausted heat flows into the secondary passage (16) and blows out to the outside of the room.
  • thermoelectric element (20) in the heat exchange means (12) has the anode (22) facing the primary side passageway (15) and the cathode (21) of the thermoelectric element (20).
  • a predetermined voltage is applied between the cathode '(21) and the anode (22) such that they face the secondary side passage (16).
  • the first air flows through the primary passage (15), is heated, becomes conditioned air of the heated air, and blows out into the room, thereby heating the room.
  • the second air flows through the secondary passage (16), is cooled, and is discharged into the room as exhaust air.
  • the thermoelectric element (20) performs dehumidification. That is, the thermoelectric element (20) in the dehumidifying means (32) applies a predetermined voltage between the cathode (21) and the anode (22) facing the air passage (36). The air flows into the casing (31) and flows through the air passage (36). The air is heat-exchanged by the cathode (21) (cooling unit) of the thermoelectric element (20) in the dehumidification means (32), cooled, dehumidified, and dried into conditioned air. This conditioned air uses deodorizing means (33) Flow, odor substances are absorbed and removed, and air is dehumidified and deodorized.
  • thermoelectric element (20) power is generated by the thermoelectric element (20). That is, for example, the gas is burned by the heating means (42). This combustion heats the cathode (21) of the thermoelectric element (20) in the conversion means (45).
  • the cooling means (46) cools the anode (22) of the thermoelectric element (20) in the conversion means (45).
  • the cathode (21) is heated to a predetermined temperature or higher, the thermoelectric element (20) of the conversion means (45) moves from the cathode (21) to the anode (22) via the nanostructure (23). Thermal electrons are emitted. Due to the electron emission, a potential difference is generated between the cathode (21) and the anode (22), and power is generated.
  • the power generated by this converter is supplied to the load (47).
  • thermoelectric element (20) power generation and air conditioning are performed by the thermoelectric element (20). That is, since the cathode (21) of the thermoelectric element (20) in the conversion means (45) is heated and the anode (22) is cooled, the anode (22) is converted from the cathode (21) through the nanostructure (23). ). As a result, a potential difference occurs between the cathode (21) and the anode (22).
  • thermoelectric element (20) in the conversion means (45) When performing the heating operation, the connection between the thermoelectric element (20) in the conversion means (45) and the thermoelectric element (20) in the heat exchange means (12) may be reversed. Effect of one invention—
  • thermoelectric element (20) is composed of chairs, there is no scattering of electrons, and electric energy and heat can be converted with high efficiency.
  • the nanostructure (23) emits electrons efficiently at a low voltage due to a high aspect ratio, the power consumption is reduced and electron cooling can be performed.
  • the nanostructure (23) is formed of carbon nanotubes, and the tip of the carbon nanotube is an open end (24), the electric field is concentrated on the edge portion, so that the field emission is further improved.
  • the work function can be reduced.
  • thermoelectric element (20) is provided to perform air conditioning, it is not necessary to provide a refrigerant and a compressor as compared with those constituting a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. And be environmentally friendly.
  • vibration and noise can be reduced, and since there is no mechanical sliding portion, there is no mechanical wear, and restrictions on heat generation, weight and volume of the compressor can be eliminated.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an air conditioner according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a carbon nanotube.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a carbon nanotube having an open end.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a carbon nanofiber.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a carbon nanocoil.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a carbon nanocone.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a thermoelectric element.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another thermoelectric element.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing the thermoelectric element of FIG.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a manufacturing process of another thermoelectric element.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a thermoelectric element manufactured based on FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view showing a dehumidifying and deodorizing apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a power generator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the power generator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a vertical cross section of the power generator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 6 is the best mode for carrying out the Oh ⁇ invention in schematic block diagram showing a gas heat pump apparatus of Embodiment 4 of the present invention
  • the air conditioner (10) is a thermoelectric device including a thermoelectric element (20), and is configured to perform a cooling operation.
  • the air conditioner (10) includes a casing (11) and a heat exchange mechanism (12) as heat exchange means.
  • the casing (11) includes a front case (11a) and a rear case (11b), and a core (11c) is provided at a central portion inside the front case (11a).
  • the front case (11a) is provided with an indoor suction port (13a) located above the core (11c) and for sucking indoor air, and is located below the core (11c) to provide conditioned air.
  • An indoor outlet (13b) for discharging air is formed.
  • the rear case (11b) has an outdoor suction port (14a) for sucking outdoor air at an upper portion and an outdoor air outlet (14b) for blowing exhaust heat air at a lower portion. Further, projections (11d) projecting forward are formed on the upper and lower parts of the rear case (11b).
  • a primary side passage (15) connecting the indoor suction port (13a) and the indoor air outlet (13b) is formed, and the outdoor suction port (14a) and the outdoor air outlet ( A secondary passage (16) connecting to 14b) is formed.
  • the heat exchange mechanism (12) forms a partition wall between the primary side passage (15) and the secondary side passage (16), is composed of a plurality of thermoelectric elements (20), and has an indoor suction port (13a). of It is formed from above to below the indoor outlet (13b).
  • An indoor fan (17a) is provided in the primary side passage (15) near the core (11c).
  • a suction fan (17b) is provided at an outdoor suction port (14a)
  • a blowout fan (17c) is provided at an outdoor blowout port (14b).
  • the heat exchange mechanism (12) is formed as a flat plate in which a plurality of thermoelectric elements (20) are arranged vertically and horizontally in parallel.
  • Each of the thermoelectric elements (20) is a field emission device, and as shown in FIG. 2, a pair of electrodes comprising a cathode (21) and an anode (22); (21) and a nanostructure (23) provided on the anode (22), respectively.
  • the nanostructure (23) is made of carbon nanotubes, and is disposed on both surfaces of the cathode (21) and the anode (22).
  • the carbon nanotube is made of carbon fiber, the tip is cut off, and the tip is formed at the open end (24). .
  • the nanostructure (23) is formed so as to have a diameter of 1 nm to 40 nm and an aspect ratio of 10 or more. Therefore, the nanostructure (23) is formed to have a height of, for example, 10 nm.
  • the carbon nanotube may be a single-phase carbon nanotube or a multi-wall carbon nanotube. However, it is preferable that the carbon nanotube has two layers.
  • the vacuum between the cathode (21) and the anode (22) in the thermoelectric element (20) is maintained, and a predetermined voltage is applied between the cathode (21) and the anode (22).
  • An electric field is generated between the nanostructure (23) of (22) and the nanostructure (23) of the cathode (21), and when the electric field strength exceeds a predetermined value, the electric field is generated from the nanostructure (23) of the cathode (21).
  • Electrons are emitted to the nanostructure (23) of the anode (22), and field emission occurs. Then, the field emission forms the cathode (21) in the cooling section and the anode (22) in the heating section.
  • the cathode (21) and the anode (22) face the primary side passage (15) and the secondary side passage (16), respectively. That is, for example, when performing a cooling operation, the cathode (21) of the thermoelectric element (20) faces the primary side passage (15), and the thermoelectric element A predetermined voltage is applied between the cathode (21) and the anode (22) such that the anode (22) of the child (20) faces the secondary passage (16). In the heating operation, the applied voltage is reversed, the anode (22) of the thermoelectric element (20) faces the primary side passage (15), and the cathode (21) of the thermoelectric element (20) faces the secondary side. A predetermined voltage is applied between the cathode (21) and the anode (22) so as to face the passage (16).
  • thermoelectric element (20) is set so that the electric field is 10 kv / mm or less or the voltage is 100 V or less, and the field emission current density is 1 AZcm 2 It is set as follows. Furthermore, the degree of vacuum between the cathode (21) and anode (22) is set to be 1 0- 3 T orr, cathode (21) and less than gap 1 mm between the anode (22) It is set to be.
  • thermoelectric element (20) in the heat exchange mechanism (12) has the cathode (21) facing the primary side passageway (15) and the anode (22) of the thermoelectric element (20).
  • a predetermined voltage is applied between the cathode (21) and the anode (22) so that faces the secondary passage (16).
  • an electric field is generated between the nanostructure (23) of the cathode (21) and the nanostructure (23) of the anode (22), and electrons are emitted from the nanostructure (23) of the cathode (21). It is emitted towards the nanostructure (23) of the anode (22).
  • the field emission cools the cathode (21) and heats the anode (22).
  • the outdoor air is sucked into the casing (11) from the outdoor suction port (14a) and flows through the secondary passage (16).
  • the outdoor air is heated by exchanging heat with the anode (22), which is a heating section of the thermoelectric element (20) in the heat exchange mechanism (12), and becomes exhaust heat air.
  • the exhaust heat air flows into the secondary passage (16) and blows out of the room from the outdoor air outlet (14b).
  • thermoelectric element (20) in the heat exchange mechanism (12) has the anode (22) facing the primary side passageway (15) and the cathode (21) of the thermoelectric element (20).
  • a predetermined voltage is applied between the cathode (21) and the anode (22) such that faces the secondary side passage (16).
  • the room air flows through the primary passage (15), is heated, becomes conditioned air of the heated air, and blows out into the room, thereby heating the room.
  • the outdoor air flows through the secondary passage (16), is cooled, and is blown out as outdoor air.
  • thermoelectric element (20) is constituted by the field emission device having the nanostructure (23), there is no scattering of electrons, and the electric energy can be saved. Heat and heat can be converted with high efficiency.
  • vibration and noise can be reduced, and since there is no mechanical sliding portion, there is no mechanical wear, and restrictions on heat generation, weight and volume of the compressor can be eliminated.
  • the efficiency can be made higher than the efficiency of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
  • the nanostructure (23) efficiently emits electrons at a low voltage due to a high aspect ratio, it consumes less power and performs electron cooling.
  • the nanostructure (23) may not have the open end (24), and the nanostructure (23) may be the following instead of the carbon nanotube.
  • the nanostructure (23) is made of carbon fiber, and may be made of solid carbon nanofiber.
  • the nanostructure (23) may be made of carbon fiber, and may be formed of a spirally formed carbon nanocoil.
  • the nanostructure (23) may be made of carbon fiber, and may be made of a carbon nanocone formed in a cone shape.
  • the nanostructure (23) may be an oxide nanotube, or may be a graphite nanofiber.
  • the nanostructure (23) may be surface-modified.
  • Examples of the surface functional groups of carbon nanotubes include 1 OH, sp 3 carbon, and 1 CO ⁇ H. Modification 2—
  • thermoelectric element (20) in the thermoelectric element (20), as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, carbon nanotubes may be grown on electrodes serving as a cathode (21) and an anode (22) of a silicon substrate or an aluminum substrate.
  • the carbon nanotubes may be vertically grown on the cathode (21) and the anode (22) by microwave plasma CVD, like a sword.
  • a partition (25) made of silicon oxide (SiO 2) may be formed in an electrode shape.
  • carbon nanotubes are grown in the compartment. As a result, the orientation of the carbon nanotubes is adjusted well, and the amount of power can be reduced.
  • Modification 3 As shown in FIGS.
  • thermoelectric element (20) is formed by printing carbon nanotubes on electrodes of a cathode (21) and an anode (22) of a silicon substrate or an aluminum substrate. May be formed. That is, the nanostructure (23) formed on the drum (26) may be fixed on the electrode plate. In this printing method, the orientation of the carbon nanotube is not adjusted.
  • thermoelectric element (20) is used for a deodorizing and dehumidifying device (30), which is a thermoelectric device, instead of the air conditioner (10) of the first embodiment. is there.
  • the deodorizing and dehumidifying device (30) is attached to a partition member (34) between the room and the closet.
  • the deodorizing and dehumidifying device (30) includes a casing (31), a dehumidifying mechanism (32) as dehumidifying means, and a deodorizing mechanism (33) as deodorizing means.
  • the partition member (34) has an air inlet (34a) and an air outlet (34b) formed above the inlet (34a).
  • the casing (31) is attached to the partition member (34) so as to cover the inflow port (34a) and the outflow port (34b).
  • a partition (35) extending from the upper side of the inflow port (34a) of the partition member (34) into the casing (31) is provided inside the casing (31).
  • a plate-shaped dehumidifying mechanism (32) extending downward is provided.
  • An air passage (36) is formed inside the casing (31).
  • the air passage (36) is connected to a primary side passage (36a) formed between the inflow port (34a) and the partition member (34) and the dehumidifying mechanism (32), and to the primary side passage (36a). It has a secondary side passageway (36b) formed between the casing (31) and the dehumidifying mechanism (32) and leading to the outlet (34b).
  • the dehumidifying mechanism (32) includes a thermoelectric element (20) similar to that of the first embodiment.
  • a cathode (21) serving as a cooling unit has a primary passage ( 36a)
  • the anode (22), which is the heating source, is arranged so as to face the secondary passage (36b). Then, the dehumidifying mechanism (32) cools and dehumidifies the air flowing from the press-in in the primary side passage (36a), and then heats the dehumidified air in the secondary-side passage (36b) to press in. It is configured to return to.
  • a deodorizing mechanism (33) is arranged in the primary side passage (36a).
  • the deodorizing mechanism (33) has activated carbon, which is an adsorbent for odor substances, and is configured to adsorb and remove odor substances by flowing cooled air.
  • An opening (31a) is formed in a lower portion of the casing (31), and a water droplet receiver (31b) is provided below the opening (31a).
  • the air conditioning operation which is the deodorizing and dehumidifying operation of the deodorizing and dehumidifying device (30) described above, will be described.
  • the cathode (21) faces the primary passage (36a), and the anode (22) of the thermoelectric element (20) connects to the secondary passage (36b).
  • the forced air flows into the casing (31) from the inlet (34a), and flows through the primary passage (36a).
  • the press-in air is heat-exchanged by the cathode (21), which is a cooling section of the thermoelectric element (20) in the dehumidification mechanism (32), is cooled and dehumidified, and becomes dried conditioned air. This conditioned air flows through the deodorizing mechanism (33), where odorous substances are adsorbed and removed.
  • thermoelectric element (20) is used for a power generator (40) which is a thermoelectric device.
  • the power generator (40) is configured to generate power by thermionic emission of the thermoelectric element (20). That is, the thermoelectric element (20) is configured in the same manner as the thermoelectric element (20) of the first embodiment, but the first embodiment is different from the thermoelectric element (20) in that the cathode (21) and the anode (22) Instead of applying a predetermined voltage between the thermoelectric element (20).
  • the cathode (21) of (20) is heated and the anode (22) is cooled.
  • the cathode (21) of the thermoelectric element (20) is heated to a predetermined temperature, electrons are emitted from the nanostructure (23) of the cathode (21) toward the nanostructure (23) of the anode (22).
  • a predetermined potential difference is generated between the cathode (21) and the anode (22), and heat is directly converted into electric energy to generate electric power.
  • the power generation device (40) utilizes the thermoelectric conversion function of the thermoelectric element (20), and includes a power generation mechanism (41) and a fuel section (42).
  • the fuel section (42) is composed of a gas cylinder, and is connected to a gas pipe (42a).
  • the power generation mechanism (41) includes a casing (43), a combustion section (44) as heating means, and a conversion section (45) as conversion means.
  • the casing (43) is formed in a cylindrical shape and has one end opened.
  • the combustion section (44) is formed of a cylindrical combustion cylinder having both ends closed and a large number of combustion holes (44a) formed therein.
  • the combustion part (44) is arranged at the center of the casing (43) and concentrically with the casing (43).
  • a gas pipe (42a) is connected to one end of the combustion section (44), and fuel gas is supplied from the fuel section (42).
  • the conversion section (45) includes a thermoelectric element (20) similar to that of the first embodiment, and is formed in a cylindrical shape with both ends opened.
  • the conversion section (45) is located between the combustion section (44) and the casing (43), and a predetermined distance is formed between the combustion section (44) and the casing (43). .
  • a primary side passage (46) which forms a cooling means through which outside air flows is formed.
  • a secondary passage (46a) through which exhaust gas flows is formed.
  • Above primary passage (46) and secondary passage (46a) Communicates with the closed end side of the casing (43).
  • the cathode (21) of the thermoelectric element (20) faces the secondary passage (46a), and the anode (22) faces the primary passage (46). Then, the cathode (21) of the thermoelectric element (20) is heated by the gas combustion of the combustion part (44),
  • thermoelectric element (20) is cooled by the outside air.
  • the thermoelectric element (20) generates power by this heating and cooling.
  • a load (47) is connected to the conversion unit (45) via a wiring (47a).
  • thermoelectric element (20) of the conversion section (45) changes from the nanostructure (23) of the cathode (21) to the nanostructure (22) of the anode (22).
  • Thermions are emitted toward (23).
  • This electron emission causes a potential difference between the cathode (21) and the anode (22), and power is generated.
  • the power generated by this converter (45) is supplied to the load (47).
  • thermoelectric element (20) is constituted by the electron-emitting device having the nanostructure (23), there is no scattering of electrons, and heat and electric Nergie can be converted with high efficiency.
  • the configuration, operation, and effects of the other thermoelectric elements (20) are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • this embodiment uses a thermoelectric element (20) in a gas heat pump device (50), which is a thermoelectric device, instead of the air conditioner (10) in the first embodiment. is there.
  • the gas heat pump device (50) is a combination of the power generation device (40) of Embodiment 3 as the power generation means and the air conditioner (10) of Embodiment 1 as the air conditioning means.
  • the electric circuit (51) is formed by connecting the heat exchange mechanism (12) of Embodiment 1 as the load (47).
  • the exhaust air blown out from the secondary passage (16) of the first embodiment is supplied to the secondary passage (46a) of the third embodiment.
  • the air flowing through the primary passage (46) in the third embodiment is discharged as it is.
  • the cathode (21) of the thermoelectric element (20) in the converter (45) of the third embodiment is heated and the anode (22) is cooled, so that the nanostructure of the cathode (21) is cooled. Electrons are emitted from (23) toward the anode (22). As a result, a potential difference occurs between the cathode (21) and the anode (22).
  • the electrons flowing to the anode (22) of the thermoelectric element (20) of the heat exchange mechanism (12) in the air conditioner (10) are converted to the power generator (40) as shown by the arrow in FIG.
  • thermoelectric element (20) in the converter (45) of the power generator (40) and the thermoelectric element in the heat exchange mechanism (12) in the air conditioner (10) are used.
  • the connection with (20) may be reversed.
  • outside air is supplied to the combustion part (44) of the power generator (40).
  • the configuration, operation, and effects of the other thermoelectric elements (20) and the like are the same as in the first and third embodiments. Another embodiment one
  • the nanostructure (23) is provided on each of the cathode (21) and the anode (22) of the thermoelectric element (20). , And may be provided on either the cathode (21) or the anode (22). That is, the nanostructure (23) may be provided only on the surface of the cathode (21) facing the anode (22), or may be provided on the surface of the anode (22) facing the cathode (21). May be provided only for
  • the present embodiment has described the air conditioner (10), the power generator (40), and the like, the present invention may be applied to only the thermoelectric element (20). Is not limited to the air conditioner (10) and the power generator (40), but may be applied to various devices. Industrial applicability
  • thermoelectric element and the thermoelectric device including the thermoelectric element according to the present invention are useful for converting heat and electric energy.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, un logement (11) comprend un mécanisme d'échange de chaleur encastré (12) équipé d'un dispositif thermoélectrique (20). L'intérieur du logement (11) est constitué d'un canal primaire (15) dans lequel s'écoule un premier système d'air et d'un canal secondaire (16) dans lequel s'écoule un second système d'air. Le dispositif thermoélectrique (20) du mécanisme d'échange de chaleur (12) possède une cathode (21) et une anode (22), situées à l'opposé l'une de l'autre et faisant respectivement face au canal primaire (15) et au canal secondaire (16), et une nanostructure (23) d'une substance conductrice déposée sur les faces opposées à la fois d'une cathode (21) et d'une anode (22) ou sur les faces opposées de l'une d'elles. Ce dispositif thermoélectrique (20) maintient sous vide l'espace entre la cathode (21) et l'anode (22). La cathode (21) est refroidie par émission de champ d'électrons se déplaçant entre la nanostructure (23) et l'anode (22) par application d'une tension prédéfinie entre la cathode (21) et l'anode (22) afin de chauffer l'anode (22). Ainsi, le premier système d'air du canal primaire (15) est refroidi afin de mettre en oeuvre le conditionnement d'air, et le second système d'air du canal secondaire (10) est chauffé afin d'évacuer de l'air chaud.
PCT/JP2002/013407 2001-12-25 2002-12-20 Dispositif thermoelectrique et appareil thermoelectrique comprenant ce dispositif WO2003056639A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001-390935 2001-12-25
JP2001390935 2001-12-25
JP2002-114409 2002-04-17
JP2002114409A JP3966056B2 (ja) 2001-12-25 2002-04-17 熱電気素子及び該熱電気素子を備えた熱電気装置

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003056639A1 true WO2003056639A1 (fr) 2003-07-10

Family

ID=26625233

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2002/013407 WO2003056639A1 (fr) 2001-12-25 2002-12-20 Dispositif thermoelectrique et appareil thermoelectrique comprenant ce dispositif

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3966056B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003056639A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100424905C (zh) 2003-10-07 2008-10-08 松下电器产业株式会社 热电变换元件及其制造方法、使用该热电变换元件的冷却装置以及该冷却装置的控制方法
EP2006996A1 (fr) 2006-04-11 2008-12-24 Norio Akamatsu Dispositif de generation d'energie electrique/d'emission de champ
US20090174282A1 (en) 2006-04-20 2009-07-09 Norio Akamatu Linear Acceleration Electricity Generating Apparatus
JPWO2007135717A1 (ja) 2006-05-19 2009-09-24 赤松　則男 電界放出発電装置
US20090050856A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Lex Kosowsky Voltage switchable dielectric material incorporating modified high aspect ratio particles
JP2012090358A (ja) 2008-06-16 2012-05-10 Norio Akamatsu 電界効果発電装置
GB2463117A (en) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-10 Landa Lab Ltd Generating electricity from the thermal motion of gas molecules
DE102008054946A1 (de) 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co. Kg Schutzgehäusevorrichtung für Feldgeräte mit thermoelektrischem Generator

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08321256A (ja) * 1994-10-05 1996-12-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 電子放出陰極、それを用いた電子放出素子、フラットディスプレイ、及び熱電冷却装置、ならびに電子放出陰極の製造方法
JP2001213700A (ja) * 2000-01-27 2001-08-07 Canon Inc ナノ構造体及びその製造方法
US20020026856A1 (en) * 2000-09-04 2002-03-07 Akiko Suzuki Thermoelectric material and method of manufacturing the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08321256A (ja) * 1994-10-05 1996-12-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 電子放出陰極、それを用いた電子放出素子、フラットディスプレイ、及び熱電冷却装置、ならびに電子放出陰極の製造方法
JP2001213700A (ja) * 2000-01-27 2001-08-07 Canon Inc ナノ構造体及びその製造方法
US20020026856A1 (en) * 2000-09-04 2002-03-07 Akiko Suzuki Thermoelectric material and method of manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2003258326A (ja) 2003-09-12
JP3966056B2 (ja) 2007-08-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7226497B2 (en) Fanless building ventilator
JP4314307B1 (ja) 熱交換装置
CN100572943C (zh) 空调机
KR101508569B1 (ko) 탄소나노튜브 절연층 구비 차량용 전열 히터, 차량용 연료전지의 폐열 소진 장치 및 이를 이용한 통합 난방 시스템
WO2003056639A1 (fr) Dispositif thermoelectrique et appareil thermoelectrique comprenant ce dispositif
JP4927152B2 (ja) 熱交換装置
JP2007335357A (ja) イオン送風装置
EP3872306A1 (fr) Système et procédé d'élimination de poussière d'échappement de moteur
JPWO2002027843A1 (ja) 燃料電池
CN113432217B (zh) 一种空气净化装置及空调器
JP2005254208A (ja) 静電霧化装置
KR101643223B1 (ko) 공기조화장치 및 그 제어방법
JP2004335599A (ja) 熱電気素子及び該熱電気素子を備えた熱電気装置
JP5402162B2 (ja) 除湿装置
JP5216518B2 (ja) 空気調和機
JP2010008039A (ja) 静電霧化装置
CN211929548U (zh) 一种石墨烯电池组散热装置
JP2005072244A (ja) 熱電気素子及び該熱電気素子を備えた熱電気装置
JP4604575B2 (ja) 空気清浄機
CN217900032U (zh) 一种空调室内机
CN114440384B (zh) 空气处理系统
CN215474343U (zh) 一种车载空调器
WO2023185064A1 (fr) Climatiseur, système de commande et procédé de commande pour climatiseur
JP2011226671A (ja) 除湿機
CN2856806Y (zh) 气流发生装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): KR US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE SK TR

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase