WO2003054073A1 - Novel flame retarding compounds - Google Patents

Novel flame retarding compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003054073A1
WO2003054073A1 PCT/EP2002/014135 EP0214135W WO03054073A1 WO 2003054073 A1 WO2003054073 A1 WO 2003054073A1 EP 0214135 W EP0214135 W EP 0214135W WO 03054073 A1 WO03054073 A1 WO 03054073A1
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Prior art keywords
bis
tert
independently
butyl
carbon atoms
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PCT/EP2002/014135
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Malisa V. Troutman
Ramanathan Ravichandran
Redina Kote
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Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc.
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Priority to DE60233349T priority Critical patent/DE60233349D1/de
Priority to AT02791813T priority patent/ATE439401T1/de
Priority to KR1020047009031A priority patent/KR101029863B1/ko
Priority to CA2467119A priority patent/CA2467119C/en
Priority to AU2002358127A priority patent/AU2002358127A1/en
Priority to EP02791813A priority patent/EP1461384B1/en
Priority to JP2003554784A priority patent/JP4243761B2/ja
Publication of WO2003054073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003054073A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/92—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with a hetero atom directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/94—Oxygen atom, e.g. piperidine N-oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
    • C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
    • C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/576—Six-membered rings
    • C07F9/59—Hydrogenated pyridine rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6574—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
    • C07F9/65746—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus the molecule containing more than one cyclic phosphorus atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0066—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
    • C08K5/529—Esters containing heterocyclic rings not representing cyclic esters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids

Definitions

  • the instant invention pertains to novel flame retarding compounds that comprise at least one sterically hindered nitroxyl, hydroxylamine, hydrocarbyloxyamine moiety and at least one conventional organohalogen or organophosphorus flame retardant moiety.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,096,950 discloses the co-use of certain NOR (N-alkoxy) hindered amines with a brominated Sb 2 O 3 -containing flame retardant in polypropylene.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,812 discloses polyolefin compositions which are made flame retardant by a combination of a halogenated hydrocarbyl phosphate or phosphonate ester flame retardant in combination with a alkoxyamine functional hindered amine.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,844,026 discloses polyolefin compositions comprising certain NOR hindered amines and certain conventional flame retardants.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,271 ,377 discloses polyolefin compositions that comprise N- hydroxyalkoxy hindered amines and a halogenated flame retardant.
  • EP 0792911 A2 discloses polyolefin compositions that comprise alkoxyamine functional hindered amines and tris(trihalogenopentyl) phosphate flame retardants.
  • EP 1104766 discloses cross-linked phenoxyphosphazene compounds as flame retardants for synthetic resins.
  • the flame retardant (FR) market today is comprised of products which function to interfere with the combustion process by chemical and/or physical means. Mechanistically these FRs have been proposed to function during combustion of an article in either the gas phase, the condensed phase or both.
  • the organohalogens are proposed to generate halogen species (e.g. HX) which interferes in the gas phase with free radical organic "fuel" from the polymer substrate.
  • Synergists are proposed to react with HX to form additional chemical species which interfere with combustion in the gas phase, such as reaction of antimony oxide with HX to form antimony halide and water vapor.
  • Antimony compounds such as antimony trioxide also act as radical scavengers forming antimony halides. Thus, they can inhibit the propagation of the fire.
  • antimony compounds are efficient in terms of cost performance, they recently raised concern because of the toxicity of the byproducts which are formed during combustion in the presence of a halogenated flame retardant. Antimony oxides often contain trace amounts of arsenic compounds which are suspected carcinogens. Because of these ecological concerns, there is a movement to replace antimony trioxide in the present commercial flame retardant applications. However, it is very difficult to find an effective synergist which is both environmentally friendly and efficient as far as cost performance is concerned.
  • Another reason to add flame retardant additives is to prevent dripping during the application of the fire.
  • parts of the polymer separate from the matrix in the shape of droplets. Often, the droplets are flaming and impose tremendous danger for fire spread.
  • fillers such as talc in large amounts to the polymer, with negative consequences on the mechanical properties.
  • Other fillers sometimes used include calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc borate, silicates, silicones, glass fibres, glass bulbs, asbestos, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, metal oxides, hydrates and hydroxides such as zinc oxide, magnesium hydroxide, alumina trihydrate, silica, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate.
  • polymers with good flame retardant properties are prepared when novel compounds are added that comprise at least one sterically hindered nitroxyl, hydroxylamine or hydrocarbyloxyamine moiety and at least one conventional organohalogen or organophosphorus flame retardant moiety.
  • novel compounds comprise at least one sterically hindered nitroxyl, hydroxylamine or hydrocarbyloxyamine moiety and at least one conventional organohalogen or organophosphorus flame retardant moiety.
  • antimony compounds and fillers may be largely reduced or replaced.
  • the polymer compositions of the invention are efficiently protected from the deleterious effects of light, oxygen and/or heat.
  • the instant invention pertains to novel flame retardant compounds that comprise at least one sterically hindered nitroxyl, hydroxylamine or hydrocarbyloxyamine moiety and at least one conventional organohalogen or organophosphorus flame retardant moiety.
  • the present compounds are of the formula
  • HA is independently of each other a sterically hindered nitroxyl, sterically hindered hydroxylamine or sterically hindered hydrocarbyloxyamine moiety,
  • L is independently of each other a direct bond or chemical linking group
  • FRM is independently of each other an organohalogen or an organophosphorus flame reatardant moiety
  • x, y and z are each independently greater than or equal to 1.
  • present compounds that comprise at least one sterically hindered nitroxyl, hydroxylamine or hydrocarbyloxyamine moiety and at least one conventional organohalogen or organophosphorus flame retardant moiety are for example represented by formula I
  • R is hydrogen or methyl
  • G and G 2 are independently alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or are together pentamethylene,
  • x, y and z are each independently greater than or equal to 1 ,
  • L is independently of each other a direct bond or a chemical linking group
  • Z 2 are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl, or together form a hydrocarbylene group, or are independently -OR L -OCOR T , -COOR 1 , -CONR 1 R 2 , -NRiCORa, -COR! or -NR ⁇ R 2 ,
  • Ri and R 2 are independently of each other hydrogen or hydrocarbyl, or F ⁇ ⁇ and R 2 together form a hydrocarbylene group,
  • E is oxyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aralkoxy, aryloxy, -O-CO-OG, -O-Si(G) 3 , or -O-CH 2 -OG where G is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an aliphatic, araliphatic and aromatic moiety; or E is -O-T-(OH) b ,
  • T is a straight or branched chain alkylene of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkylene of 5 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkenylene of 5 to 18 carbon atoms, a straight or branched chain alkylene of 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted by phenyl or by phenyl substituted by one or two alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
  • b is 1 , 2 or 3 with the proviso that b cannot exceed the number of carbon atoms in T, and when b is 2 or 3, each hydroxyl group is attached to a different carbon atoms of T, and
  • FRM is independently of each other an organohalogen or an organophosphorus flame retardant moiety.
  • E is for example oxyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy or aralkoxy.
  • E is methoxy, propoxy, cyclohexyloxy or octyloxy.
  • x, y and z independently may be for example 1 to about 200, 1 to about 100, 1 to about 50, for instance 1 to about 25, 1 to about 10 or 1 to about 5, for example, each may be independently 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5.
  • hydrocarbyl group broadly refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon group in which the valency is derived by abstraction of a hydrogen from a carbon atom.
  • Hydrocarbyl includes for example aliphatics (straight and branched chain), cycloaliphatics, aromatics and mixed groups such as aralkyl, alkylaryl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl.
  • Hydrocarbyl includes such groups as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, alkenyl, and cycloalkenyl.
  • a hydrocarbyl may optionally be interrupted by carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, amido, thio, sulfoxide, sulfonyl and ether groups and/or may optionally be substituted by hydroxy, amino, amido, carboxyl and thio groups.
  • hydrocarbylene broadly refers to any divalent hydrocarbon in which both valencies derive by abstraction of hydrogens from carbon atoms. Included within the definition of hydrocarbylene are the same groups as indicated herein for hydrocarbyl, with of course, the extra valency, for example alkylene, alkenylene, arylene, alkylaryl, etc.
  • the term “moiety” means a chemical functional group when it is part of a larger compound, for example when part of a compound of formula I, II or III.
  • organohalogen or organophosphorus flame retardant moiety refers to the conventional organic flame retardant portion(s) of the compounds of formulae I, II and III.
  • hindered hydrocarbyloxyamine moiety refers to the portion of formulae 1, 11 and III with hydrocarbyloxyamine additive functionality.
  • the term moiety is not limited to a single active functionality.
  • a chemical group containing two (or more) hindered amine groups may be considered a single moiety.
  • Alkyl is a straight or branched chain of for example 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for instance, 1 to 18 carbon atoms or 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and is for example methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n- undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl.
  • Cycloalkyl groups are for example of from 5 to 7 carbon atoms and include cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; typical cycloalkenyl groups include cyclohexenyl.
  • Aralkyl groups are for example of 7 to 9 carbon atoms and include benzyl, alpha- methyl-benzyl, alpha.alpha-dimethylbenzyl or phenethyl.
  • Aryl is for instance phenyl, napthyl and biphenyl.
  • Alkoxy and aryloxy groups are -O-alkyl and -O-aryl with alkyl and aryl groups as defined above.
  • Halogen is for instance chloro and bromo.
  • the compounds of the present invention do not have any peroxy linkages. Likewise, the only possible N-O bond is in the HA moieties (in which it is necessary).
  • the chemical linking groups L may for example be any divalent or polyvalent linking group.
  • Linking groups L are for example esters, amides, and other common divalent or polyvalent groups, for example -OCO-, -COO-, -O-, -CONR , -NR1CO-, -CO-, -NR , -S-, - SO-, SO 2 -, -CSO-, -COS-, -CSS-, triazinyl, and the like.
  • R 1 is independently of each other hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group.
  • Polyvalent is for example trivalent and tetravalent or greater.
  • Triazinyl is a trivalent linking group.
  • Linking groups L may be a divalent hydrocarbylene group or polyvalent group that comprises one or more of the above ester, amide, etc., groups.
  • the linking groups L may be terminated, interrupted or substituted by said groups.
  • the linking groups L may be a polymeric backbone, for example a polyamine, a polyglycol, a polyester or a polyamine/polytriazine polymer or oligomer. In this instance L is polyvalent.
  • a polymeric backbone (polyvalent backbone) defined herein may be for example any polymeric or oligomeric backbone known in the art as part of polymeric or oligomeric polymer additives.
  • polymeric backbones that are part of commercial hindered amine compounds, for example Chimassorb ® 944, CAS #71878-19-8.
  • Other suitable polyvalent backbones that may define the linking group L are as in the commercial products:
  • the polymeric backbone linking groups of the present invention may be derived from known polymerization methods, for example condensation polymerization or free radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
  • Certain of known organohalogen and organophosphorus flame retardants comprise ethylenically unsaturated groups which may be co-polymerized with present sterically hindered nitroxyl, hydroxylamine and hydrocarbyloxyamine compounds that likewise comprise ethylenically unsaturated groups.
  • flame retardant moieties that comprise ethylenically unsaturated groups are for example
  • flame retardant moieties suitable for condensation polymerization as a method of bonding one or more of them to a present sterically hindered nitroxyl, hydroxylamine or hydrocarbyloxyamine moiety, are for example
  • Tinuvin ® and Chimassorb ® are protected trade names of Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp. Sanduvor ® and Hostavin ® are protected trade names of Clariant. Cyasorb ® is a protected trade name of Cytec Corporation. Uvinul ® is a protected trade name of BASF. Uvasil ® is a protected trade name of Enichem. Uvasorb ® is a protected trade name of 3V Sigma.
  • the present FRM moieties are for example a hydrocarbyl group substituted by multiple halogen atoms, for example alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by 1 to 37 bromine or chlorine atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms substituted by 1 to 23 bromine or chlorine atoms, aralkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms substituted by 1 to 5 bromine or chlorine atoms, or aryl of 6 to 12 carbon atoms substituted by 5 to 9 bromine or chlorine atoms.
  • the FRM moieties are hydrocarbyl groups substituted by 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 chlorine or bromine atoms.
  • the present FRM moieties are for example:
  • Ti and T 2 are independently alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aralkoxy or dialkylamino; or said alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aralkoxy or dialkylamino substituted by 1 to 8 halogen atoms, Ri is defined as above;
  • X is chlorine or bromine
  • one of the open bonds may be bound to alkyl or aryl; or said alkyl or aryl substituted by 1 to 8 halogen atoms,
  • one of the open bonds may be bound to alkyl or aryl; or said alkyl or aryl substituted by 1 to 8 halogen atoms,
  • the phosphazene flame retardants of component are well known in the art. They are disclosed for example in EP1104766, JP07292233, DE19828541 , DE1988536, JP11263885, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,107,108, 4,108,805 and 4,079,035 and 6,265,599. The relevant disclosures of the U.S. Patents are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the FRM moieties are for example based on well known commercial organohalogen, organophosphorus and melamine based flame retardants. The term "based on” means potentially derived directly from or having the same active structure less the requisite number of valencies.
  • Oganohalogen flame retardants are for example:
  • Chloroalkyl phosphate esters (ANTIBLAZE ® AB-100, Albright & Wilson; FYROL ® FR- 2, Akzo Nobel), polybrominated diphenyl oxide (DE-60F, Great Lakes Corp.), decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO; SAYTEX ® 102E), tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl] phosphate (PB 370 ® , FMC Corp.), bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) of bisphenol A (PE68), brominated epoxy resin, ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide) (SAYTEX ® BT-93), bis(hexachlorocyclopentadieno)cyclooctane (DECLORANE PLUS ® ), chlorinated paraffins,
  • organophophorus flame retardants are for example:
  • Tetraphenyl resorcinol diphosphite FYROLFLEX ® RDP, Akzo Nobel
  • triphenyl phosphate ammonium polyphosphate (APP) or (HOSTAFLAM ® AP750), resorcinol diphosphate oligomer (RDP), phosphazene flame retardants and ethylenediamine diphosphate (EDAP).
  • APP ammonium polyphosphate
  • HOSTAFLAM ® AP750 resorcinol diphosphate oligomer
  • EDAP ethylenediamine diphosphate
  • Melamine based flame retardants are for example: melamine cyanurate, MELAPUR ® MC, melamine borate, melamine phosphate, MELAPUR ® P 46, melamine polyphosphate MELAPUR ® 200 and melamine pyrophosphate.
  • halogenated flame retardants useful in the present invention may be selected from organic aromatic halogenated compounds such as halogenated benzenes, biphenyls, phenols, ethers or esters thereof, bisphenols, diphenyloxides, aromatic carboxylic acids or polyacids, anhydrides, amides or imides thereof; organic cycloaliphatic or polycycloaliphatic halogenated compounds; and organic aliphatic halogenated compounds such as halogenated paraffins, oligo- or polymers, alkylphosphates or alkylisocyanu rates.
  • organic aromatic halogenated compounds such as halogenated benzenes, biphenyls, phenols, ethers or esters thereof, bisphenols, diphenyloxides, aromatic carboxylic acids or polyacids, anhydrides, amides or imides thereof
  • organic cycloaliphatic or polycycloaliphatic halogenated compounds organic aliphatic halogenated compounds
  • the HA moieties are for example based on well known commercial hindered nitroxyl, hydroxylamine and hydrocarbyloxyamine stabilizers.
  • the term "based on” means potentially derived directly from or having the same active structure less the requisite number of valencies.
  • Hindered hydrocarbyloxyamine stabilizers are well known in the art, also known as N- alkoxy hindered amines and NOR hindered amines or NOR hindered amine light stabilizers or NOR HALS.
  • hindered hydroxyalkoxyamine stabilizers are considered a subset of the hindered hydrocarbyloxyamine stabilizers.
  • Hindered hydroxyalkoxyamine stabilizers are also known as N-hydroxyalkoxy hindered amines, or NORol HALS.
  • Typical hindered nitroxyls include bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 4-hydroxy-1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-ethoxy-1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine, 4-propoxy-1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-acetamido-1 -oxyl- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidin-4-one, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl acetate, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl 2-ethylhexanoate, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl stearate
  • Nitroxyl stabilizers are for example bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 4-hydroxy-1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-ethoxy-1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine, 4-propoxy-1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-acetamido-1 -oxyl- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, and 1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidin-4-one.
  • nitroxyl stabilizers are bis(1 -oxyl-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and 4-hydroxy-1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine.
  • Hydroxylamine stabilizers are for example those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,590,231 , 4,668,721 , 4,691 ,015, 4,831 ,134, 5,006,577, and 5,064,883, the relevant parts of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Suitable compounds that the present HA moieties may be based on include:
  • Compound (o) is disclosed in example 2 of U.S. Patent No. 6,117,995.
  • the sterically hindered nitroxyl, hydroxylamine or hydrocarbyloxyamine moiety is for example selected from the group consisting of
  • the present novel flame retardant compounds are advantageously employed in organic polymer substrates.
  • the instant nitroxyl, hydroxylamine and hydrocarbyloxyamine compounds are active as stabilizers, the polymer compositions of the invention are efficiently protected from the deleterious effects of light, oxygen and/or heat, as well as being imparted with flame retardancy.
  • the present invention also pertains to a flame retardant composition which comprises
  • compositions of the invention may further contain a conventional flame retardant not bound to a hindered amine moiety, for example at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the organohalogen and the organophosphorus flame retardants.
  • a conventional flame retardant not bound to a hindered amine moiety, for example at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the organohalogen and the organophosphorus flame retardants.
  • the conventional flame retardants are as described above.
  • Components A and B and optional further components may comprise one or a mixture of more than one chemical species.
  • present composition contains only minor amounts of antimony compounds such as Sb 2 O 3 , e.g. less than about 1%, for instance less than about 0.1% by weight of the polymer component A; for example, the present compositions are essentially free of antimony.
  • antimony compounds such as Sb 2 O 3
  • compositions of the present invention may contain only minor amounts of flame-retardant fillers, e.g. less than about 3%, for instance less than about 1%, for example less than about 0.1% by weight of the polymer component A; for example, the present compositions are essentially free of flame-retardant fillers.
  • Flame-retardant fillers are known in the art and are selected from the group consisting of magnesium hydroxide, alumina trihydrate and zinc borate. Flame-retardant fillers are inorganic compounds employed for flame-retardant properties, and at high enough levels to be considered "filler".
  • the present compositions may contain only minor amounts of conventional fillers, for example less than about 3%, for instance less than 1%, for example less than about 0.1 % by weight of the polymer component A; for example, the present compositions are essentially free of conventional fillers.
  • the present invention allows for conventional fillers to take the place of more expensive flame-retardant fillers.
  • the polymeric substrate of component A is any of a wide variety of polymeric types including polyolefins, polystyrenics, and PVC.
  • the polymer substrate may be selected from the group of resins consisting of the polyolefins, the thermoplastic olefins, styrenic polymers and copolymers, ABS and polymers which contain hetero atoms, double bonds or aromatic rings. Specific embodiments are where component A is polypropylene, polyethylene, thermoplastic olefin (TPO), ABS or high impact polystyrene.
  • the polymer substrate is selected from the group of resins consisting of the polyolefins, the thermoplastic olefins, styrenic polymers and copolymers, and ABS.
  • polymer substrate is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, thermoplastic olefin (TPO), ABS and high impact polystyrene.
  • the polymer substrate is polypropylene, polyethylene or thermoplastic olefin (TPO).
  • Organic polymers of component A are for example thermoplastic polymers such as polyolefins like polyethylene, polypropylene or copolymers thereof.
  • the thermoplastic polymer is for example polypropylene.
  • organic polymers are:
  • Polymers of monoolefins and diolefins for example polypropylene, polyisobutylene, po- lybut-1 -ene, poly-4-methylpent-1-ene, polyvinylcyclohexane, polyisoprene or polybutadiene, as well as polymers of cycloolefins, for instance of cyclopentene or norbomene, polyethylene (which optionally can be crosslinked), for example high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density and high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-HMW), high density and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-UHMW), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), (VLDPE) and (ULDPE).
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • HDPE-HMW high density and high molecular weight polyethylene
  • HDPE-UHMW high density and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene
  • MDPE medium density polyethylene
  • Polyolefins i.e. the polymers of monoolefins exemplified in the preceding paragraph, for example polyethylene and polypropylene, can be prepared by different, and especially by the following, methods:
  • a catalyst that normally contains one or more than one metal of groups IVb, Vb, Vlb or VIII of the Periodic Table.
  • These metals usually have one or more than one ligand, typically oxides, halides, alcoholates, esters, ethers, amines, alkyls, alkenyls and/or aryls that may be either ⁇ - or ⁇ -coordinated.
  • These metal complexes may be in the free form or fixed on substrates, typically on activated magnesium chloride, titanium(lll) chloride, alumina or silicon oxide.
  • These catalysts may be soluble or insoluble in the polymerisation medium.
  • the catalysts can be used by themselves in the polymerisation or further activators may be used, typically metal alkyls, metal hydrides, metal alkyl halides, metal alkyl oxides or metal alkyloxanes, said metals being elements of groups la, I la and/or Ilia of the Periodic Table.
  • the activators may be modified conveniently with further ester, ether, amine or silyl ether groups.
  • These catalyst systems are usually termed Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocene or single site catalysts (SSC).
  • Copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins with each other or with other vinyl monomers for example ethylene/propylene copolymers, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and mixtures thereof with low density polyethylene (LDPE), propylene/but-1-ene copolymers, propylene/isobutylene copolymers, ethylene/but-1-ene copolymers, ethylene/hexene copolymers, ethylene/methylpentene copolymers, ethylene/heptene copolymers, ethylene/octene copolymers, ethylene/vinylcyclohexane copolymers, ethylene/cycloolefin copolymers (e.g.
  • ethylene/norbomene like COC ethylene/1 -olefins copolymers, where the 1 -olefin is generated in-situ; propylene/butadiene copolymers, isobutylene/isoprene copolymers, ethylene/vi- nylcyclohexene copolymers, ethylene/alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene/alkyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers or ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers and their salts (ionomers) as well as terpolymers of ethylene with propylene and a diene such as hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylidene-norbomene; and mixtures of such copolymers with one another and with polymers mentioned in 1 ) above, for example polypropylene/ethy- lene-propylene copolymers,
  • Hydrocarbon resins for example C 5 -C 9
  • hydrogenated modifications thereof e.g. tackifiers
  • mixtures of polyalkylenes and starch
  • Homopolymers and copolymers from 1.) - 4.) may have any stereostructure including syndio- tactic, isotactic, hemi-isotactic or atactic; for example atactic polymers. Stereoblock polymers are also included.
  • Polystyrene poly(p-methylstyrene), poly( ⁇ -methylstyrene).
  • Homopolymers and copolymers may have any stereostructure including syndiotactic, isotactic, hemi-isotactic or atactic; for example atactic polymers. Stereoblock polymers are also included.
  • Copolymers including aforementioned vinyl aromatic monomers and comonomers selected from ethylene, propylene, dienes, nitriles, acids, maleic anhydrides, maleimides, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride or acrylic derivatives and mixtures thereof, for example styrene/bu- tadiene, styrene/acrylonitrile, styrene/ethylene (interpolymers), styrene/alkyl methacrylate, styrene/butadiene/alkyl acrylate, styrene/butadiene/alkyl methacrylate, styrene/maleic anhydride, styrene/acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate; mixtures of high impact strength of styrene copo- lymers and another polymer, for example a polyacrylate, a diene polymer or an ethylene/pro- pylene/diene terpolymer; and
  • Hydrogenated aromatic polymers derived from hydrogenation of polymers mentioned under 6. especially including polycyclohexylethylene (PCHE) prepared by hydrogenating atactic polystyrene, often referred to as polyvinylcyclohexane (PVCH).
  • PCHE polycyclohexylethylene
  • PVCH polyvinylcyclohexane
  • Homopolymers and copolymers may have any stereostructure including syndiotactic, isotactic, hemi-isotactic or atactic; for example atactic polymers.
  • Stereoblock polymers are also included.
  • Graft copolymers of vinyl aromatic monomers such as styrene or ⁇ -methylstyrene, for example styrene on polybutadiene, styrene on polybutadiene-styrene or polybutadiene-acry- lonitrile copolymers; styrene and acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on polybutadiene; styrene and maleic anhydride on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride or maleimide on polybutadiene; styrene and maleimide on polybutadiene; styrene and alkyl acrylates or methacrylates on polybutadiene; styrene and acrylonitrile on ethylene/propylene/diene terpoly
  • Halogen-containing polymers such as polychloroprene, chlorinated rubbers, chlorinated and brominated copolymer of isobutylene-isoprene (halobutyl rubber), chlorinated or sulfo- chlorinated polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene and chlorinated ethylene, epichlorohydrin homo- and copolymers, especially polymers of halogen-containing vinyl compounds, for example polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, as well as copolymers thereof such as vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride/vinyl acetate copolymers.
  • Polymers derived from ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated acids and derivatives thereof such as polyacry- lates and polymethacrylates; polymethyl methacrylates, polyacrylamides and polyacryloni- triles, impact-modified with butyl acrylate.
  • Copolymers of the monomers mentioned under 9) with each other or with other unsaturated monomers for example acrylonitrile/ butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile/alkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile/alkoxyalkyl acrylate or acrylonitrile/vinyl halide copolymers or acrylonitrile/ alkyl methacrylate/butadiene terpolymers.
  • Polymers derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or the acyl derivatives or ace- tals thereof for example polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl stearate, polyvinyl benzoate, polyvinyl maleate, polyvinyl butyral, polyallyl phthalate or polyallyl melamine; as well as their copolymers with olefins mentioned in 1 ) above.
  • Polyacetals such as polyoxymethylene and those polyoxymethylenes which contain ethylene oxide as a comonomer; polyacetals modified with thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates or MBS.
  • Polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and/or from aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams for example polyamide 4, polyamide 6, polyamide 6/6, 6/10, 6/9, 6/12, 4/6, 12/12, polyamide 11 , polyamide 12, aromatic polyamides starting from m-xylene diamine and adipic acid; polyamides prepared from hexamethylenediamine and isophthalic or/and terephthalic acid and with or without an ela- stomer as modifier, for example poly-2,4,4,-trimethylhexamethylene terephthalamide or poly- m-phenylene isophthalamide; and also block copolymers of the aforementioned polyamides with polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ionomers or chemically bonded or grafted elastomers; or with polyethers, e.g. with polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polyt
  • Polyureas Polyureas, polyimides, polyamide-imides, polyetherimids, polyesterimids, polyhydantoins and polybenzimidazoles.
  • Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and diols and/or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones for example polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene tereph- thalate, poly-1 ,4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polyalkylene naphthalate (PAN) and polyhydroxybenzoates, as well as block copolyether esters derived from hydroxyl-terminated polyethers; and also polyesters modified with polycarbonates or MBS.
  • Blends of the aforementioned polymers for example PP/EPDM, Poly- amide/EPDM or ABS, PVC/EVA, PVC/ABS, PVC/MBS, PC/ABS, PBTP/ABS, PC/ASA, PC/PBT, PVC/CPE, PVC/acrylates, POM/thermoplastic PUR, PC/thermoplastic PUR, POM/acrylate, POM/MBS, PPO/HIPS, PPO/PA 6.6 and copolymers, PA/HDPE, PA/PP, PA/PPO, PBT/PC/ABS or PBT/PET/PC.
  • polyblends for example PP/EPDM, Poly- amide/EPDM or ABS, PVC/EVA, PVC/ABS, PVC/MBS, PC/ABS, PBTP/ABS, PC/ASA, PC/PBT, PVC/CPE, PVC/acrylates, POM/thermoplastic PUR, PC/thermoplastic PUR, POM/acrylate, P
  • Component B is advantageously contained in the compositions of the invention in an amount from about 0.01 to about 20% by weight based on the polymeric substrate A; for example about 0.1 to about 10%, for example from about 0.25 to about 8% by weight; for instance from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight. For example about 0.05, 1 , 1.5, 2, 3, 4 or 5 weight percent. If a further conventional flame retardant is present in the compositions of this invention, it is advantageously contained in an amount from about 0.5 to about 45% by weight of the polymeric substrate A; for instance about 3 to about 40%; for example about 5 to about 35% by weight of component A.
  • the ratio (parts by weight) of the compounds of this invention to further conventional flame retardants is for example between about 1 :5 to about 1 :200, for instance from about 1 :50 to about 1 :100, or about 1 : 10 to about 1 :25.
  • the ratio of component B to further conventional flame retardants is from about 1 :10 to about 1 :200, from about 1 :25 to about 1 :200, from about 1 :50 to about 1 :200 or from about 1 :100 to about 1 :200.
  • the weight ratio of component B to further conventional flame retardants is from about 1 :5 to about 1 :100, from about 1 :5 to about 1 :50, from about 1 :5 to about 1 :25, or from about 1 :5 to about 1 :10.
  • the amount of the further conventional flame retardants employed also depends on the effectiveness of the specific compound(s), the polymer and the specific application type; for example, an amount of 5 to 15 % by weight of the compound tris[3-bromo-2,2- bis(bromomethyl)propyl] phosphate may be as efficient as an amount of 30 to 45 % by weight of the compound decabromodiphenyl oxide in respect of the flame retardancy of the final composition.
  • compositions of the invention may optionally also contain various conventional additives, for example in amounts from about 0.01 to about 10%, for instance from about 0.025 to about 4%, for example from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight of component A, such as the materials listed below, or mixtures thereof.
  • Alkylated monophenols for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-di- methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-bu- tyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-( ⁇ -methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethyl- phenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-meth- oxymethylphenol, nonylphenols which are linear or branched in the side chains, for example, 2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1 '-methylunde
  • Alkylthiomethylphenols for example 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctyl- thiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-dodecylthiomethyl-4- nonylphenol.
  • Hvdroquinones and alkylated hvdro ⁇ uinones for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy- phenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octade- cyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-bu- tyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hy- droxyphenyl) adipate.
  • 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy- phenol 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone
  • Tocopherols for example ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol and mixtures thereof (Vitamin E).
  • Hvdroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers for example 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2- methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis-(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphe- nyl)disulfide.
  • 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2- methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis-(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol
  • Alkylidenebisphenols for example 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'- methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-( ⁇ -methylcyclohexyl)- phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-me- thylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphe- nol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[6-( ⁇ -methylbenzyl)- 4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-( ⁇ , ⁇ -methylbenzy
  • N- and S-benzyl compounds for example 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydi- benzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy- 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4- tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- benzyl)sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate.
  • Hvdroxybenzylated malonates for example dioctadecyl-2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hy- droxybenzyl)-malonate, di-octadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-malonate, di- dodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, bis[4-(1 ,1 ,3,3-te- tramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate.
  • Aromatic hvdroxybenzyl compounds for example 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- benzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1 ,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrame- thylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.
  • Triazine Compounds, for example 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- anilino)-1 ,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1 ,3,5-tri- azine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1 ,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1 ,2,3-triazine, 1 ,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyben- zyl)isocyanurate, 1 ,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl
  • Benzylphosphonates for example dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphospho- nate, diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hy- droxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, the calcium salt of the monoethyl ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid.
  • Acylaminophenols for example 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, octyl N- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate.
  • esters of ⁇ -(3.5-di-te ⁇ t-butyl-4-hvdroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1 ,6-hexanediol, 1 ,9- nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1 ,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hy- droxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylol- propane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-
  • esters of ⁇ -(5-tert-butyl-4-hvdroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1 ,6-hexanediol, 1 ,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1 ,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N,N'-bis- (hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethyl- olpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha
  • esters of ⁇ -(3.5-dicvclohexyl-4-hvdroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1 ,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1 ,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)ox- amide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hy- droxymethyl-1 -phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicycl
  • esters of 3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hvdroxyphenyl acetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1 ,6-hexanediol, 1 ,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1 ,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)ox- amide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hy- droxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo
  • Aminic antioxidants for example N.N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-bu- tyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1 ,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3- methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1 -methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicy- clohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p- phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1 ,3-dimethylbuty
  • 2-(2'-HvdroxyphenvDbenzotriazoles for example 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzo- triazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphe- nyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di- tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl- 2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphe- nyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'
  • 2-Hvdroxybenzophenones for example the 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyl- oxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives.
  • Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acids as for example 4-tertbutyl-phenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoyl resorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylben- zoyl) resorcinol, benzoyl resorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzo- ate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyben- zoate, 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
  • Nickel compounds for example nickel complexes of 2,2'-thio-bis-[4-(1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethyl- butyl)phenol], such as the 1 :1 or 1 :2 complex, with or without additional ligands such as n- butylamine, triethanolamine or N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, nickel salts of the monoalkyl esters, e.g. the methyl or ethyl ester, of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert- butylbenzylphosphonic acid, nickel complexes of ketoximes, e.g. of 2-hydroxy-4-methylphe- nyl undecylketoxime, nickel complexes of 1-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxypyrazole, with or without additional ligands.
  • additional ligands such as n- butylamine, triethanolamine or N-cyclohexyldi
  • Sterically hindered amines for example bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)succinate, bis(1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperi- ' dyl) n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, the condensate of 1 -(2-hydroxyethyl)- 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-
  • Oxamides for example 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy- 5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.
  • Metal deactivators for example N,N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloyl hydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl) hydrazine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1 ,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyl dihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyl dihydrazide, sebacoyl bisphenylhydrazide, N,N'-diacetyladipoyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyl- oyl)oxalyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide.
  • Phosphites and phosphonites for example triphenyl phosphite, diphenyl alkyl phosphites, phenyl dialkyl phosphites, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di- tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)-pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyloxypentaerythritol diphosphite, di
  • Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (lrgafos ® 168, Ciba-Geigy), tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite,
  • Hvdroxylamines for example, N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N- dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydrox- ylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine derived from hydrogenated tallow amine.
  • Nitrones for example, N-benzyl-alpha-phenyl-nitrone, N-ethyl-alpha-methyl-nitrone, N-oc- tyl-alpha-heptyl-nitrone, N-lauryl-alpha-undecyl-nitrone, N-tetradecyl-alpha-tridcyl-nitrone, N- hexadecyl-alpha-pentadecyl-nitrone, N-octadecyl-alpha-heptadecyl-nitrone, N-hexadecyl-al- pha-heptadecyl-nitrone, N-ocatadecyl-alpha-pentadecyl-nitrone, N-heptadecyl-alpha-hepta- decyl-nitrone, N-octadecyl-alpha-hexadecyl-
  • Thiosvner ⁇ ists for example, dilauryl thiodipropionate or distearyl thiodipropionate.
  • Peroxide scavengers for example esters of ⁇ -thiodipropionic acid, for example the lauryl, stearyl, myristyl or tridecyl esters, mercaptobenzimidazole or the zinc salt of 2-mercapto- benzimidazole, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, dioctadecyl disulfide, pentaerythritol tetrakis( ⁇ - dodecylmercapto)propionate.
  • esters of ⁇ -thiodipropionic acid for example the lauryl, stearyl, myristyl or tridecyl esters
  • mercaptobenzimidazole or the zinc salt of 2-mercapto- benzimidazole zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate
  • dioctadecyl disulfide pentaerythritol tetrakis( ⁇ - dodecyl
  • Polyamide stabilisers for example, copper salts in combination with iodides and/or phosphorus compounds and salts of divalent manganese.
  • Basic co-stabilisers for example, melamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids for example calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and potassium palmitate, antimony pyrocatecholate or zink pyrocatecholate.
  • Basic co-stabilisers for example, melamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids for example calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium
  • Nucleating agents for example, inorganic substances such as talcum, metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, phosphates, carbonates or sulfates of, for example, alkaline earth metals; organic compounds such as mono- or polycarboxylic acids and the salts thereof, e.g. 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate; polymeric compounds such as ionic copolymers (ionomers).
  • inorganic substances such as talcum, metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, phosphates, carbonates or sulfates of, for example, alkaline earth metals
  • organic compounds such as mono- or polycarboxylic acids and the salts thereof, e.g. 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate
  • polymeric compounds such as ionic copolymers (ionomers
  • Fillers and reinforcing agents for example, calcium carbonate, silicates, glass fibres, glass bulbs, asbestos, talc, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon black, graphite, wood flour and flours or fibers of other natural products, synthetic fibers.
  • Other additives for example, plasticisers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, rheology additives, catalysts, flow-control agents, optical brighteners, flameproofing agents, antistatic agents and blowing agents.
  • Amine oxides for example amine oxide derivatives as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,844,029 and 5,880,191 , didecyl methyl amine oxide, tridecyl amine oxide, tridodecyl amine oxide and trihexadecyl amine oxide.
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 5,844,029 and 5,880,191 disclose the use of saturated hydrocarbon amine oxides towards the stabilization of thermoplastic resins.
  • thermoplastic compositions may further contain a stabilizer or mixture of stabilizers selected from phenolic antioxidants, hindered amine light stabilizers, ultraviolet light absorbers, organic phosphorus compounds, alkaline metal salts of fatty acids and thiosynergists.
  • a stabilizer or mixture of stabilizers selected from phenolic antioxidants, hindered amine light stabilizers, ultraviolet light absorbers, organic phosphorus compounds, alkaline metal salts of fatty acids and thiosynergists.
  • compositions may also contain a further conventional flame retardant, for instance one or more conventional organohalogen, organophosphorus or melamine based flame retardants.
  • a further conventional flame retardant for instance one or more conventional organohalogen, organophosphorus or melamine based flame retardants.
  • Oganohalogen flame retardants are for example:
  • Chloroalkyl phosphate esters (ANTIBLAZE ® AB-100, Albright & Wilson; FYROL ® FR- 2, Akzo Nobel), polybrominated diphenyl oxide (DE-60F, Great Lakes Corp.), decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO; SAYTEX ® 102E), tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl] phosphate (PB 370 ® , FMC Corp.), bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) of bisphenol A (PE68), brominated epoxy resin, ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide) (SAYTEX ® BT-93), bis(hexachlorocyclopentadieno)cyclooctane (DECLORANE PLUS ® ), chlorinated paraffins,
  • organophophorus flame retardants are for example:
  • Tetraphenyl resorcinol diphosphite FYROLFLEX ® RDP, Akzo Nobel
  • triphenyl phosphate ammonium polyphosphate (APP) or (HOSTAFLAM ® AP750), resorcinol diphosphate oligomer (RDP), phosphazene flame retardants and ethylenediamine diphosphate (EDAP).
  • APP ammonium polyphosphate
  • HOSTAFLAM ® AP750 resorcinol diphosphate oligomer
  • EDAP ethylenediamine diphosphate
  • Melamine based flame retardants are for example:
  • melamine cyanurate MELAPUR ® MC, melamine borate, melamine phosphate, MELAPUR ® P 46, melamine polyphosphate MELAPUR ® 200 and melamine pyrophosphate.
  • additives are phenolic antioxidants (item 1 of the list), further sterically hindered amines (item 2.6 of the list), light stabilizers of the benzotriazole and/or o- hydroxyphenyltriazine class (items 2.1 and 2.8 of the list), phosphites and phosphonites (item 4 of the list) and peroxide-destroying compounds (item 5.) of the list.
  • additives which are benzofuran-2-ones, such as described, for example, in US-A-4,325,863, US-A-4,338,244 or US-A-5,175,312.
  • the instant composition can additionally contain another UV absorber selected from the group consisting of the s-triazines, the oxanilides, the hydroxybenzophenones, benzoates and the ⁇ -cyanoacrylates.
  • the instant composition may additionally contain an effective stabilizing amount of at least one other 2-hydroxyphenyl-2H-benzo- triazole; another tris-aryl-s-triazine; or hindered amine or mixtures thereof.
  • additional components are selected from pigments, dyes, plasticizers, antioxidants, thixotropic agents, levelling assistants, basic costabilizers, further light stabilizers like UV absorbers and/or sterically hindered amines, metal passivators, metal oxides, organophosphorus compounds, hydroxylamines, and mixtures thereof, especially pigments, phenolic antioxidants, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, UV absorbers of the 2-(2'- hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole and 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1 ,3,5-triazine classes, and sterically hindered amines.
  • additives of the invention and optional further components may be added to the polymer material individually or mixed with one another. If desired, the individual components can be mixed with one another before incorporation into the polymer for example by dry blending, compaction or in the melt.
  • the additives of this invention and possibly further additives as described above may be dry blended and then extruded, for instance in a twin screw extruder at 180-220°C, with or without nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the material thus obtained may be further processed according to known methods.
  • the surface of the articles formed do not show any loss of gloss or any kind of roughness.
  • the instant invention pertains to a process for imparting light stability and flame retardancy to an organic polymeric substrate, which process comprises adding to said polymeric substrate an effective flame retarding amount of at least one compound of formula
  • additives of the invention and optional further components into the polymer are carried out by known methods such as dry blending in the form of a powder, or wet mixing in the form of solutions, dispersions or suspensions for example in an inert solvent, water or oil.
  • the additives of the invention and optional further additives may be incorporated, for example, before or after molding or also by applying the dissolved or dispersed additve or additive mixture to the polymer material, with or without subsequent evaporation of the solvent or the suspension/dispersion agent. They may be added directly into the processing apparatus (e.g. extruders, internal mixers, etc), e.g. as a dry mixture or powder or as solution or dispersion or suspension or melt.
  • the incorporation can be carried out in any heatable container equipped with a stirrer, e.g. in a closed apparatus such as a kneader, mixer or stirred vessel.
  • a stirrer e.g. in a closed apparatus such as a kneader, mixer or stirred vessel.
  • the incorporation is for example carried out in an extruder or in a kneader. It is immaterial whether processing takes place in an inert atmosphere or in the presence of oxygen.
  • the addition of the additive or additive blend to the polymer can be carried out in all customary mixing machines in which the polymer is melted and mixed with the additives. Suitable machines are known to those skilled in the art. They are predominantly mixers, kneaders and extruders.
  • the process is for instance carried out in an extruder by introducing the additive during processing.
  • processing machines are single-screw extruders, contrarotating and corotating twin-screw extruders, planetary-gear extruders, ring extruders or cokneaders. It is also possible to use processing machines provided with at least one gas removal compartment to which a vacuum can be applied.
  • Suitable extruders and kneaders are described, for example, in Handbuch der Kunststoff extrusion, Vol. 1 Unen, Editors F. Hensen, W. Knappe, H. Potente, 1989, pp. 3-7, ISBN.3-446-14339-4 (Vol. 2 Extrusionsanlagen 1986, ISBN 3-446-14329-7).
  • the screw length is 1 - 60 screw diameters, for example 35-48 screw diameters.
  • the rotational speed of the screw is for instance 10 - 600 rotations per minute (rpm), for example 25 - 300 rpm.
  • the maximum throughput is dependent on the screw diameter, the rotational speed and the driving force.
  • the process of the present invention can also be carried out at a level lower than maximum throughput by varying the parameters mentioned or employing weighing machines delivering dosage amounts.
  • the additives of the invention and optional further additives can also be sprayed onto the polymer material. They are able to dilute other additives (for example the conventional additives indicated above) or their melts so that they can be sprayed also together with these additives onto the material. Addition by spraying during the deactivation of the polymerization catalysts is particularly advantageous; in this case, the steam evolved may be used for deactivation of the catalyst. In the case of spherically polymerized polyolefins it may, for example, be advantageous to apply the additives of the invention, optionally together with other additives, by spraying.
  • the additives of the invention and optional further additives can also be added to the polymer in the form of a masterbatch ("concentrate") which contains the components in a concentration of, for example, about 1% to about 40%, for example about 2% to about 20 % by weight incorporated in a polymer.
  • concentration a masterbatch
  • the polymer must not be necessarily of identical structure than the polymer where the additives are added finally.
  • the polymer can be used in the form of powder, granules, solutions, suspensions or in the form of latices.
  • Incorporation can take place prior to or during the shaping operation.
  • the materials containing the additives of the invention described herein are for example used for the production of molded articles, for example rotomolded articles, injection molded articles, profiles and the like.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Teflon ® 6C polytetrafluoroethylene
  • E. I. Du Pont polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the effective flame retarding amount of component B is that needed to show flame retarding efficacy as measured by one of the standard methods used to assess flame retardancy. These include the NFPA 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame- Resistant Textiles and Films, 1989 and 1996 editions; the UL 94 Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, 5th Edition, October 29, 1996; Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), ASTM D-2863; and Cone Calorimetry, ASTM E-1354. Ratings according to the UL 94 V test are as compiled in the following table:
  • Coadditives found particularly useful for use with the instant compounds in flame retardant compositions are as follows:
  • UV absorbers 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di- ⁇ -cumylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, (TINUVIN ® 234, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.);
  • room temperature depicts a temperature in the range 20-25°C. Percentages are by weight of the polymer substrate unless otherwise indicated.
  • NFPA 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Films, 1989 and 1996 editions;
  • the aqueous layer is separated and extracted several times with CH 2 CI 2 .
  • the organic layers are dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated, and the residue is recrystallized with heptane to give 64.0g white solid (78% yield.)
  • To the product is added 350mL toluene, and trace remaining acid is neutralized using concentrated ammonium hydroxide. The mixture is cooled to 0C under nitrogen.
  • a 70% solution of t-butylhydroperoxide in water (28 mL, 0.20 mol) is extracted into heptane; the heptane is dried over MgSO , filtered, and added dropwise to the toluene mixture.
  • Fiber grade polypropylene is dry blended with the additives of the table below. Each additive is 1 % by weight based on the weight of the polypropylene.
  • Each of the polypropylene formulations is compounded in a twin screw extruder and the fibers are extruded using a Hills fiber extruder. Compounding is carried out at 425 °F. The fiber extrusion is carried at 475 °F and 525 °F. Socks are knitted from the fibers and are evaluated for flame retardant efficacy using the NFPA 701 test.

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