WO2003026109A2 - Procede et dispositif de transformation d'energie - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de transformation d'energie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003026109A2
WO2003026109A2 PCT/DE2002/003306 DE0203306W WO03026109A2 WO 2003026109 A2 WO2003026109 A2 WO 2003026109A2 DE 0203306 W DE0203306 W DE 0203306W WO 03026109 A2 WO03026109 A2 WO 03026109A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
heat pipe
working
evaporator
liquid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2002/003306
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2003026109A3 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Luchinskiy
Original Assignee
Alexander Luchinskiy
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alexander Luchinskiy filed Critical Alexander Luchinskiy
Priority to DE10294304T priority Critical patent/DE10294304D2/de
Priority to AU2002333185A priority patent/AU2002333185A1/en
Priority to EP02798693A priority patent/EP1470631A2/fr
Publication of WO2003026109A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003026109A2/fr
Publication of WO2003026109A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003026109A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/02—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid
    • F03G6/04—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
    • F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/068—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having other power cycles, e.g. Stirling or transcritical, supercritical cycles; combined with other power sources, e.g. wind, gas or nuclear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/002—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using the energy of vibration of fluid columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/06—Control arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/185—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using fluid streams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N35/00—Magnetostrictive devices
    • H10N35/101—Magnetostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. generators, sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

Definitions

  • thermodynamic processes such as Stirling engines, trough power plants, TmTn power plants and some chemical (and thermochemical) processes have an essential practical importance.
  • photovoltaics it is known a method for converting energy, called photovoltaics, in which the solar radiation or light energy can be converted into electrical energy by the absorption of photons in a semiconductor.
  • the specified method enables generation of electrical energy in facilities that do not contain any mechanically movable components, no combustion of the fuels and no consumption of working materials (see, for example, A. Goetzberger, B. Voß, J. Knobloch “Solar Energy: Photovoltaics", BG Teubner Stuttgart, 1997; HM Hubbard, P. Notari, S. Deb, S. Awerbach “Progress in Solar Energy Technologies and Applications", American Solar Energy Society, January 1994.)
  • Photovoltaics are effective and superior to other methods when it comes to generating locally low power with low energy consumption in the form of sunlight (or light from other sources), e.g. the supply of calculators, parking ticket machines, and for very low outputs of some household appliances etc.
  • thermophotovoltaic a method for converting the energy, called thermophotovoltaic, in which the infrared radiation in a semiconductor is converted into electrical energy.
  • thermophotovoltaic need extremely high temperatures of the source (of at least lO 'OO degrees Celsius). This temperature is reached by burning fuels (usually propane is used in experimental generators). At the output there is an efficiency of about 5% of the energy of the incoming infrared radiation (in relation to the total energy applied, ie the energy released during the combustion of fuels, the efficiency is even lower). (SZb "Spectrum of Science", January 1999, p.86-91).
  • thermal solar power erta This method is currently at a stage of experimental investigation. No data have yet been obtained that would guarantee the possibility of industrial use of this method.
  • thermodynamic methods of converting solar and thermal energy are considered to be better developed methods with regard to practical applicability. waste heat energy, into electrical or other useful forms of energy.
  • the methods for converting the energy are known, in which the solar radiation energy is converted into electrical energy in thermal solar power plants.
  • the solar radiation energy is converted into the thermal energy of a working body, and this thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy using a heating machine.
  • the energy obtained in this way is then converted into electrical energy by a mechanoelectric converter.
  • the Stirling method is known to be the most acceptable, according to the current state of knowledge, methods of thermodynamic methods for mass consumption. This can mainly the technical solution offered and described here are opposed.
  • a far more important parameter is the ratio of the output power of the solar energy converter to its dimensions (including the ratio N out / S, where N out - the output power, and S - the area occupied by the converter). This parameter is similar to efficiency, but not identical to it. As shown above, a converter with high efficiency can have an insignificantly low output.
  • the invention specified in claims 1 to 7 for the method and in 17 to 19 for the device is based on the problem, the efficiency of the method and the ratio of the output power of the converter implementing the method in terms of its sizes and by the maximum utilization of the Sorrnen radiation energy (by frequency spectrum and intensity), thus also by minimizing the energy conversion intermediate losses and eliminating the need to convert the solar radiation energy into mechanical energy in the intermediate phase.
  • This problem is solved by the features listed in claims 1 to 7 and 17 to 19.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that the possibility of generating the electrical energy is achieved with a high output power and a high efficiency in relation to the sizes of the converter. This will do so achieved that with the proposed construction principle of an energy conversion system, which is based on the physical basis of the already known system of the heat pipe (heat pipe), the energy of the gas flow of the working body of the heat pipe is converted directly into another type of energy, ultimately into electrical energy.
  • the high speed of recording is, in particular, that the possibility of generating the electrical energy is achieved with a high output power and a high efficiency in relation to the sizes of the converter.
  • the process is based on physical effects that occur during evaporation and condensation of a working fluid on porous structures.
  • the devices that implement the proposed method are not forced to contain the mechanically movable components.
  • the subject invention has a broader field of application compared to existing solar or thermal electrical converters. This is due to the fact that the method presented allows both low-power plants that can already use a small temperature gradient and also medium and high-power plants.
  • S gr Sperim the surface area of the surface of that boundary between the working materials of the energy converter or between the working material of the energy converter and the material of the input energy feeder from which the energy enters the system
  • S P erim the area of the surface of the geometric figure that limits the volume of the device in which the energy release process takes place.
  • Carburetor internal combustion engine is very large, where the fuel used is previously atomized, which increases the total area of the surface of the simultaneously reacting substance. This gives a high output power (because a lot of energy in a short time
  • the fuel is not atomized beforehand, its effectiveness drops rapidly, and a car, for example, which would be equipped with such an engine, could then not be driven.
  • S gr is the area of the boundary between the working fluid of the heat pipe and the walls of the wicking cavities that this working fluid fills.
  • the wick is an end part of the energy conversion system.
  • the element of the energy supply system that contacts the working fluid has been made in the form of a separate construction element.
  • the energy is not conducted into the material or into the capillary of the wick, but through separate elements of the construction, which are not identical to the wick, to the working fluid.
  • S gr is the area of the boundary 'between the working fluid of the heat pipe and the developed surface of the material of the energy conversion system that contacts the working fluid, the wick not being an end part of the energy conversion system.
  • S gr is the area of the boundary between the working liquid of the heat pipe and the working gas of the heat pipe.
  • This area of the limit S gr can be significantly increased by appropriate construction of the wick, which forms a large contact area of the working liquid with the working gas in a small volume.
  • the wick can have the shape of a spiral, for example.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 15.
  • the development according to claim 15 enables the output power to be increased by increasing the temperature gradient between the evaporator and the condenser of the heat pipe.
  • This principle can of course also be used for the supply of energy not only to the heat pipe converter, but also for the supply of any converter that is driven by solar radiation or radiation.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 16 for the method and in 29 to 30 for the device.
  • the development according to claims 16, 29 and 30 enables the use of the method for utilizing the industrial waste heat contained in the flow of a certain gas or liquid.
  • the evaporator of the heat pipe is placed in this stream and the condenser outside of this stream is in thermal contact with the coolant.
  • the entire heat pipe energy converter is outside of the above. Electricity is placed, and the energy of this current is supplied to the evaporator of the heat pipe using a specific heat exchanger.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claims 31 and 32.
  • the further development according to patent claims 31 and 32 enables a further conversion of the energy into a form that can be used in a traditional manner.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claims 33 to 40.
  • the further development according to claims 33 to 40 enables the conversion of the thermal energy into the electrical energy in the facilities in which the mechanically moving parts are missing.
  • the gas movement energy of the heat pipe first converted into the energy of acoustic vibrations, which is then converted into electrical energy.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claims 41 to 49.
  • the further development according to patent claims 41 to 49 enables generation of electrical energy with the help of a heat pipe through the joint action of the acoustic vibrations and the energy of the solar radiation on the energy converter.
  • claims 50 and 51 Another possible variant of the embodiment of the invention is specified in claims 50 and 51.
  • the development according to claims 50 and 51 enables the conversion of the energy of the gas movement of the heat pipe into the electrical energy at low gas flow speeds.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 52.
  • the development according to claim 52 makes it possible to simplify the energy supply by using a Fresnel lens or a Fresnei mirror.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claims 53 to 59.
  • the further development according to patent claims 53 to 59 enables a direct conversion of the thermal energy of the gas of the heat pipe into the electrical energy according to the MHD generation principle.
  • claims 60 to 65 Another variant of the embodiment of the invention is specified in claims 60 to 65.
  • the development according to claims 60 to 65 enables generation of high electrical voltage by a direct conversion of the gas energy of the heat pipe into the electrical energy according to the electrostatic generation principle.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 66.
  • the development according to claim 66 enables the energy of the gas of the heat pipe to be converted into electrical energy by the combination of the MHD generation principle and the electrostatic generation principle,
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claims 67 and 68.
  • the further training according to patent claims 67 and 68 enables: a) the application of the offered method in microsystem technology (in nanotechnology) for the energy supply or control of microscopic devices and systems, and b) the creation with nanotechnological methods (e.g. using the LIGA method) ) the microsystem energy converter for macroscopic general technical purposes, ie -for the operation of ordinary macroscopic devices.
  • the proposed method is implemented in a system that includes a device that consists of at least 2 hermetic, hollow, communicating chambers, the inner surface of which is designed by the capillary structure.
  • One of the chambers is called an evaporator, the other chamber is called a condenser.
  • the heat or solar energy is conducted to the evaporator.
  • the capillary structure is filled with a working fluid, the evaporation temperature (condensation temperature) is selected depending on the working conditions, i.e. of temperatures in which the evaporator and the condenser are located.
  • the volume and pressure of the working body increase steeply in the evaporator as a result of its evaporation at the pore structure (capillary structure).
  • a reverse process takes place in the capacitor. This means that in 2 neighboring chambers 2 explosive (implosions) and opposite signs in terms of their properties run continuously - a steep increase in volume and pressure of the working body (gas) and its steep decrease.
  • the energy of this high-speed (including supersonic) gas flow can be effective, i.e. with relatively small losses, can be converted into other useful types of energy, including in electrical energy.
  • various further developments of this method are explained in the present description, each further development being shown depending on the goals and the areas of application of the converter.
  • the principle “S gr / S pe ri m » 1 ”(see above) is implemented, ie the energy is brought in to (from) the entire mass of the working body simultaneously, and not only to '- (from) the surface that limits the volume occupied by the work body, which gives the possibility 1) to significantly increase the performance of the device, and 2) to reduce the intermediate energy losses by shortening the absorption and further conversion time of the incoming energy by significantly lowering the working body.
  • This radiation conductor can be of considerable length, and thus the energy converter can be placed in the immediate vicinity of the cooling coolant, where this coolant is at the minimum temperature.
  • the cooling coolant For example in the ocean or deep sea water to a certain depth, or in groundwater. In the latter case, the radiation guide is placed in the borehole. This gives the possibility of increasing the temperature gradient between the evaporator and the condenser, and ultimately the efficiency and the output power of the device.
  • Solar energy is introduced into the radiation conductor, e.g. from the sun-concentrating devices, e.g. from the Fresnel lens or from the Fresnel mirror; or with these two methods at the same time.
  • thermal energy is supplied to the evaporator.
  • the evaporator of the heat pipe is placed in this stream and the condenser outside of this stream is in thermal contact with the coolant. Or else it will. entire heat pipe energy converter outside of the above Electricity is placed, and the energy of this current is supplied to the evaporator of the heat pipe using a specific heat exchanger.
  • the method can also be used in nanotechnology (in microsystem technology) for the energy supply or control of microscopic devices and systems, as well as for the creation with nanotechnological methods (e.g. by LIGA method) of microsystem energy converters, which consist of a large number of microscopic ones Modules exist, and for macroscopic general technical purposes, ie can be used to operate ordinary macroscopic devices.
  • nanotechnological methods e.g. by LIGA method
  • microsystem energy converters consist of a large number of microscopic ones Modules exist, and for macroscopic general technical purposes, ie can be used to operate ordinary macroscopic devices.
  • Fig.l a picture of the general scheme of the implementation of the method (above - Fig a). For comparison, a diagram of the implementation of the method according to the Stirling method (FIG. 1.b) is touched down;
  • thermo-photoelectric converter with conversion by the photoconductive piezo semiconductor
  • 6 a a possible JBU vector diagram for a thermoelectric (gas flow electrical) drop converter with the conversion according to the MHD generation principle
  • thermoelectric gas flow electrical
  • FIG. A schematic image of the implementation of the method with the placement of the energy converter under the water or under the earth's surface in the groundwater (a); on the water surface without using the radiation guide (b); and in cosmic apparatus (c);
  • the generator of electrical energy 1 is installed in the heat pipe 2 in such a way that the energy converter 3 for the gas flow of the heat pipe into other types of energy is arranged inside the heat pipe, for example at the location of the maximum flow velocity.
  • the heat pipe 2 contains the evaporator 4, the condenser 5, the working body in the liquid phase 6, in the gaseous phase 7 and the circuit for the recovery of liquid 8.
  • the liquid can be recovered in the circuit ' 8 by Capillary, gravitational, centrifugal or other types of forces or their combinations.
  • thermosiphon is a special case of the heat pipe, 'in which takes place the recovery of the fluid by gravitational forces.
  • the term “heat pipe” also includes the thermosiphon, including devices that contain, among other things, a few or more evaporators, condensers and transport teeth, all of which can have any shape (not just the cylindrical shape) and any size ,
  • the feed 10 of the sun or. Thermal energy is generated directly or through energy supply system 20, ie through additional devices for concentration and. the transfer of solar or thermal energy (e.g. mirrors, lenses (including Fresnel mirrors or lenses 24), solar collectors, solar radiation guide 25 (including light guides), heat transport devices etc.) to the evaporator of the heat pipe.
  • the energy is dissipated (by means of energy dissipation system 21) from the condenser either directly through the radiation, which can be effective in space, or through a coolant: the condenser can be placed in the coolant (e.g. water, external air, etc.) either immersed directly or connected to it by heat transfer devices.
  • the coolant e.g. water, external air, etc.
  • the solar radiation can also be fed directly to the capillary structure (the wick) of the heat pipe in the evaporator through the transparent jacket of the heat pipe or through a light conduction or other optical system, and in general if the external energy is in the form of radiation is supplied to the evaporator of the heat pipe, the jacket of the evaporator or the wick, or both of them can be made of a material transparent to this radiation, and the radiation energy in this case becomes the wick or the working fluid directly or through a optical radiation or conducting 'system supplied.
  • Fig. 3 shows a variant of the energy conversion of the flow of the working gas 7 into the energy of the acoustic vibrations with the subsequent conversion into electrical energy with the aid of a piezoelectric converter i
  • Fig. 4 shows a variant of the energy conversion of the flow of the working gas 7 into the energy of the acoustic vibrations - with the subsequent conversion into electrical energy with the aid of a magnetostrictic converter.
  • the energy of the gas flow 7 of the heat pipe is converted into the energy of the acoustic vibrations with the help of the Hartmann generator 12, or with one of its modifications.
  • you place the acoustoelectric transducer for. B. the piezoelectric transducer 13 or the magnetostrictic transducer 14.
  • the electrical energy of the transducers mentioned is brought to the external stress of the consumer.
  • acoustic vibrations including ultrasonic and acoustic vibrations, one can use any other generator of acoustic vibrations instead of the Hartmann generator, e.g. B. a pipe, a siren, a membrane or string generator, or a generator that uses the vibrations of the solid body in the gas flow, etc.
  • Fig. 5 shows a variant of the energy conversion of the flow of the working gas 7 into the energy of the acoustic vibrations with the subsequent conversion into electrical energy with the aid of the piezo semiconductor converter 15, which has photoconductive properties, for. B. Cd S.
  • the transducer 15 is placed in the inner space of the heat pipe in the zone of acoustic vibrations of the generator 12, analogously to the description for the transducer 13. However, the surface of the transducer 15 is placed under the transparent window 17 in the wall of the heat pipe. The sunlight 19 falls directly through this window or via an optical system onto the surface of the crystal 16. Under the action of the acoustic vibrations of the generator 12 in the piezo semiconductor 16, an acoustic EMF takes place, which strongly depends on the exposure in photoconductive crystals.
  • Two independent currents of solar radiation can be directed onto the evaporator 4 of the heat pipe and onto the converter 15 '.
  • the energy of the acoustic vibrations can be fed to the acoustoelectric transducer either directly in the gas flow channel of the heat pipe or through the sound conductor 18. In the latter case, one places the acoustoelectric transducer (or the photoacoustic transducer) outside the heat pipe.
  • thermomechanoelectric converter in the implementation of the registered method is not excluded.
  • the kinetic energy of the working gas of the heat pipe can be converted into mechanical rotational energy or into mechanical vibrations of a working body, which is then converted into electrical energy with the aid of a mechano-electrical converter.
  • This working body e.g. a turbine
  • the variant of the method implementation shown has the disadvantage with respect to all other variants that devices which enable this method must contain mechanically moving parts.
  • Variants of the implementation of the method are described below, which are basically expedient for creating the medium and higher output powers. This is made possible on the basis of the energy conversion of the gas flow into electrical energy according to the MHD generation principle or according to the electrostatic generation principle.
  • the electroconductive gas (plasma) or the electroconductive liquid in the MHD generators flows in a magnetic field and crosses its lines of force. This leads to the deflection of the charges with different signs in different directions, and thus to the separation of the electrical charges contained in the liquid (or in the gas). This in turn leads to the generation of electrical energy.
  • the effectiveness of the magnetohydrodynamic generation is limited in that the achievement of the high electrical gas conductivity in the gas MHD generators is problematic; Liquids have a high electrical conductivity in the liquid MHD generators, but it is problematic to bring them to high flow rates.
  • the working body turns out to be the mixture of the gas and the liquid phase, and the electric charges are deflected in the magnetic field together with the drops of the atomized liquid that contains them.
  • the liquid is introduced into the gas stream, atomized, electrically charged with the drops and left together with the above-mentioned one.
  • Gas flow in a magnetic field (or in crossed electric and magnetic fields) fly like in a normal MHD generator.
  • the further work and energy consumption is carried out in the usual way for the MHD generators, that is either with the help of electrodes (MHD conduction generators), or by the decrease in the inducing currents (MHD induction generators).
  • FIG. 6 a shows a possible vector diagram for a drop converter with the conversion according to the MHD generation principle.
  • J flow of gas flow
  • B magnetic flux density
  • U electrical voltage
  • This device contains at least one narrow tube, one end of which is in the gas stream and the other end is in the liquid, which has a free area. This free surface of the liquid borders with the gas that is either resting with respect to this liquid or moves opposite it at a lower speed than the speed of the gas flow with respect to the second tube end of the atomizer.
  • the resulting pressure difference based on the Bemodli principle forces the liquid to rise in the tube and flow into the gas flow.
  • the liquid in the heat pipe is recovered using a transport zone, which is created by a narrow and a wide section located one behind the other.
  • the atomizer tube is inserted into the narrow section and the body for trapping charged drops into the wide section.
  • the free surface of the liquid, which collects from the discrete droplet form into the continuous liquid form, comes into contact with the gas in the broad part of the stream.
  • the powder instead of the drops of the liquid, the powder can also be used in all of the variants of carrying out the method mentioned. However, this is less convenient because of the problems with the organization of the recovery circuit.
  • the process according to the electrostatic generation principle is carried out by using the liquid particles (atomized liquid) as one of the working bodies: charges are separated from the working bodies as in an ordinary electrostatic generator by stringing or bumping these working bodies together, or in which one charges the charges in the working bodies by means of electrostatic induction, after which the bodies charged in this way move away from one another in the room.
  • the electrical voltage generated in the usual electrostatic generators e.g., in the Van de Graaff generator
  • the output power of the known devices is so low because the speed of the charge transfer is limited by the speed of the movement of the mechanical system parts and by the area of the surface of the solid working body - the charge transporter.
  • the liquid particles, for. B. emitted into the gas flow using an atomizer When realizing the method according to the claimed claims, the liquid particles, for. B. emitted into the gas flow using an atomizer.
  • the above-mentioned liquid working body is electrically charged by the friction or collisions with another solid or liquid working body.
  • the other working body In the first case (friction) the other working body is placed at the nozzle outlet of the atomizer.
  • the other African ⁇ er, z. B. in the form of a row of rods or a network, placed in the gas flow in the path of the liquid particles.
  • the separation of the charges of the working bodies and the removal of the charged liquid particles from the other working body takes place on the basis of the energy of the gas flow.
  • the total area of the surfaces of the liquid particles is considerably larger than all the area of the surface of the fixed charge transporters (e.g. belts in ordinary electrostatic generators; b) The device lacks mechanically movable components which would limit the speed of charge transfer. This eliminates the two causes of the power limitation that exist in the existing electrostatic generators by the offered method and device.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic image of the implementation of the method with the placement of the energy converter 26 under the water or under the surface of the earth in the ground water (a); on the water surface without using the radiation guide (b); and in cosmic apparatus (c);
  • the increase in output power is achieved by increasing the temperature differential between the evaporator and the condenser of the heat pipe by having the converter 26, i.e. the condenser and the evaporator are placed in a location where the condenser is easy to cool (e.g. in deep ocean water or in underground water in a borehole), and solar energy 10, or radiation energy from another source, becomes the evaporator passed through a radiation conductor 25, which in this case is elongated.
  • This principle can of course also be used not only for supplying the energy to the heat pipe converter, but also for supplying any solar or radiation-driven converter.
  • the evaporator 4 of the heat pipe is placed in this stream 22, and the condenser 5 outside of this stream in thermal contact with the coolant 23. Or else, the entire heat pipe energy converter is outside the above. Electricity is placed, and the energy of this current is supplied to the evaporator of the heat pipe using a specific heat exchanger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de transformation d'énergie dans lequel l'énergie solaire ou l'énergie thermique ou l'énergie de rayonnement est directement transmise à l'évaporateur d'un caloduc ( </= heat pipe >/= ), par un système de focalisation, ou par un conducteur de rayonnement, et est convertie en énergie du gaz de travail du caloduc par suite de l'absorption de ce gaz par le fluide de travail dudit caloduc, l'énergie de mouvement du gaz du caloduc étant transformée en d'autres types d'énergie non thermique et, finalement, entre autre, en énergie électrique. La transformation d'énergie en d'autres types d'énergie non thermique s'effectue à l'intérieur du caloduc dans une zone de transport de celui-ci, ladite énergie étant ensuite évacuée de l'intérieur du caloduc sous une forme non thermique. L'énergie solaire, thermique ou de rayonnement dans l'évaporateur est guidée, simultanément, vers l'ensemble du corps de travail, c'est-à-dire, simultanément, vers sa grande surface, largement développée.
PCT/DE2002/003306 2001-09-14 2002-09-08 Procede et dispositif de transformation d'energie WO2003026109A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10294304T DE10294304D2 (de) 2001-09-14 2002-09-08 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Umwandlung der Energie
AU2002333185A AU2002333185A1 (en) 2001-09-14 2002-09-08 Power conversion method and device
EP02798693A EP1470631A2 (fr) 2001-09-14 2002-09-08 Procede et dispositif de transformation d'energie

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10145390 2001-09-14
DE10145390.6 2001-09-14

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WO2003026109A3 WO2003026109A3 (fr) 2004-08-12

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CN101769240B (zh) * 2008-12-31 2012-07-18 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 太阳能发电装置
US9651032B2 (en) 2014-12-09 2017-05-16 General Electric Company Submersible power generators and method of operating thereof

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CN101769240B (zh) * 2008-12-31 2012-07-18 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 太阳能发电装置
CN101619713B (zh) * 2009-08-11 2011-04-20 深圳市中科力函热声技术工程研究中心有限公司 具有螺旋流道谐振管的热声发动机
US9651032B2 (en) 2014-12-09 2017-05-16 General Electric Company Submersible power generators and method of operating thereof

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WO2003026109A3 (fr) 2004-08-12
AU2002333185A1 (en) 2003-04-01
EP1470631A2 (fr) 2004-10-27

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