WO2002101322A1 - Bloc de connexion dans des systemes d'amorcage non electrique pour explosions - Google Patents

Bloc de connexion dans des systemes d'amorcage non electrique pour explosions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002101322A1
WO2002101322A1 PCT/DE2002/001843 DE0201843W WO02101322A1 WO 2002101322 A1 WO2002101322 A1 WO 2002101322A1 DE 0201843 W DE0201843 W DE 0201843W WO 02101322 A1 WO02101322 A1 WO 02101322A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
block according
clamping bracket
base body
connection block
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2002/001843
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Mann
Christian Heinze
Original Assignee
Sprengstoffwerk Gnaschwitz Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sprengstoffwerk Gnaschwitz Gmbh filed Critical Sprengstoffwerk Gnaschwitz Gmbh
Publication of WO2002101322A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002101322A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06CDETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C5/00Fuses, e.g. fuse cords
    • C06C5/06Fuse igniting means; Fuse connectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D1/00Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/04Arrangements for ignition
    • F42D1/043Connectors for detonating cords and ignition tubes, e.g. Nonel tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a connecting block for non-electrical ignition systems for explosions, with an elongated base body with a tubular section, the cavity of which has a lock for detonators, with an outwardly open first end section and a second end section which is at a distance from a tensioning bracket of the base body opens, which encloses the second end section in a U-shape and forms a slot aligned orthogonally to the longitudinal axis.
  • connection block which has a tensioning bracket which, in cooperation with a signal transmission end of a base body, produces an arcuate slot.
  • One or more signal transmission hoses can be inserted into this slot and receive an explosive signal from the detonator base of a detonator.
  • the clamping bracket is closed overall and designed to be clamped for laterally insertable signal transmission hoses.
  • This structure and the opening of the slot are intended in particular to promote the lateral insertion of the signal transmission hoses into the slot and the fastening of the ignition hoses in the slot over a wide temperature range during use and at the same time offer good protection against shrapnel effects.
  • connection block The disadvantage of this connection block is that it is difficult to equip it laterally with signal transmission hoses that have to be inserted into the slot on the side against the tight locking clamp, which is why it cannot be ruled out that the ignition will not be transmitted if it is not properly seated, and this creates the danger improper detonation. It is also hardly possible to remove hoses that have been inserted accidentally or to replace defective ignition hoses. The ignition hoses are often terminated at the ends or the like. closed, which greatly expand their diameter. In such cases, the slot cannot be completely filled with ignition hoses on the side, and then there is a risk of malfunctions.
  • the detonator which triggers an initial ignition is arranged on its fuse base adjacent to the ignition hoses and, moreover, is arranged in a cavity in the base body.
  • the detonator can be fully inserted into this cavity and is separately secured against improper slipping out of several parts by a mechanically operated, complex locking mechanism. In robust use, e.g. B. in ice and snow, this connection block is hardly functional to operate.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a connection block for non-electrical ignition systems for explosions which is simple to produce, receives the detonator in a safe manner, has a simple quasi-automatic lock for it, supplies several transmission hoses with a simultaneous transmission signal, guarantees a reversible exact, non-lateral insertion of transmission hoses and reliably prevents parts of the detonator from escaping in the application (shrapnel protection) and is particularly safe to use.
  • the base body is safe to handle, in one piece and stable, the lock axially positions the detonator in the base body in a latching manner and the tensioning bracket has at least one fixed and one pivotable section with an opening element that can be opened.
  • a connecting block that meets all requirements can be made in one piece from plastic in an inexpensive injection molding process. It essentially consists of a tubular section that receives the detonator and fixes it axially during insertion solely due to material tension and a bulge in the locking mechanism, meaning that no additional handle or mechanism is required, and the clamping bracket has an exact number that can be specified of transmission hoses has a slot which, because of this and because it has a pivotable section that can be opened, enables safe and firm positioning of the ignition hoses, while at the same time being safe to handle on a contact surface.
  • the cavity and the tubular section of the base body have a circular cross section and the tubular section has the locking device for the detonator in the region of the first end section which is open to the outside.
  • This provides the best possible adaptation of the cavity to the cross-section of the detonator, which ideally has a circular cross-section for physical reasons. In order not to have to accept any adverse effects on the detonator, this makes it possible to lock the detonator at its end opposite the detonator base against unintentional axial slipping out of the connecting block.
  • a bead which reduces the cross section of the cavity and at least one longitudinal recess which is open towards the end and which cuts through the bead form the locking.
  • an extremely simple snap lock is formed which, on the one hand, uses the material tension, in which the remaining end sections in the inner cross section of the cavity can be easily spread during the insertion of the detonator, until the inner bead at a certain point in a corresponding circumferential groove of the Detonator can snap into place.
  • the tubular section has one or more longitudinal recesses distributed symmetrically on the circumference, which are groove-shaped and the cavity opens into a funnel-shaped flange.
  • the funnel-shaped opening also supports the positioning of the detonator during insertion, which is particularly advantageous in the case of robust use on site, often in ice and snow or in quarries, etc., in order not to damage the sensitive detonator.
  • the tubular section has stiffening longitudinal ribs in the area of the lock on the remaining lateral surface and at least one stiffening circumferential transverse rib in the remaining area. This ensures two things. Firstly, that the end sections remaining between the longitudinal recesses are stiffened and reinforced in their spring action, and further that the longitudinal ribs provide improved protection of the detonator against impact effects, eg. B. results from improper handling or due to stone flying during blasting work, for which purpose in particular the transverse ribs are arranged, which can be connected to the longitudinal ribs.
  • the second end section has at least one outer circumferential modified transverse rib, with a radially outer section, which supports a first, axially extending first fixed section of the tensioning bracket.
  • the first fixed section of the tensioning bracket together with the radially outer section of the modified transverse rib, are formed and flattened to form a contact surface.
  • the problem often arises due to the external shape that they are difficult to position and hold during handling. According to the application, this problem is solved in a simple manner by designing the transverse rib and the longitudinally extending section of the tensioning bracket to be flattened, which provides sufficient stability during handling and forms a secure contact surface.
  • a second fixed section of the clamping bracket is formed on the first fixed section of the clamping bracket, which has an approximately rectangular cross section, which is aligned parallel to the transverse rib from the contact surface and has a greatest width and height corresponding to the diameter the cross rib has.
  • the edge of the second section of the clamping bracket opposite the contact surface pivotably articulates a third section of the clamping bracket by means of a robust film hinge, which section forms a hook at its opposite end, which engages behind a corresponding section of a transverse rib.
  • a robust film hinge which section forms a hook at its opposite end, which engages behind a corresponding section of a transverse rib.
  • the third section of the tensioning bracket has a rigid lower region, adjacent to the film hinge, which is supported on a nose of the base body, and a flexible, arched upper region which opens into the hook.
  • This allows the articulation point to be particularly favorable can be selected such that the third leg of the U-shaped section can be opened by pivoting out the third section.
  • a simple insertion of the ignition hoses is possible, as is a control look at the detonator floor of the detonator.
  • the arcuate upper section serves for the longitudinally movable stretching of the hook which latches in the tubular section. Since its opposite starting point is supported in the closed state on a nose of the tubular section, stretching of the same can be effected when pressure is exerted on the arcuate area, which results in unlatching.
  • the arcuate upper area has an outer actuating lever. This facilitates the handling of the pivotable third section of the tensioning bracket.
  • the actuating lever is displaced from the center of the arcuate upper region towards the hook, forming a lever arm, and is arranged at a slight inclination to the latter. This makes it particularly easy to link the bracket both in a latching and in a releasing manner. As with latching, corresponding torques are generated in the arcuate section when releasing.
  • the base body and the second end section in the area of the tensioning bracket have molded shapes thereon and the latter has a rectangular cross section in the area of the opening into the tensioning bracket, with a width of approximately the transverse rib and a maximum height somewhat smaller than the diameter of the cavity.
  • the core of the U-shaped slot formed in this way forms flat contact surfaces for the ignition hoses. This in turn contributes to the safe handling, positioning and function of the signal transmission.
  • the ignition hoses thus find the largest possible support or clamping surface within the U-shaped slot.
  • the rectangular section of the second end section extends parallel to the contact surface in its longitudinal extent and forms the U-shaped slot together with the first, second and lower region of the third section of the clamping bracket.
  • This structure which is aligned symmetrically to the central axis of the base body, ensures high protection against the so-called shrapnel effect.
  • the igniter bottom is shielded from the outside in the longitudinal direction by the first, second, and the lower portion of the third section of the 'clamping hoop, and orthogonal to the side through the rectangular portions of the second end portion of the igniter ground. No components of the detonator can thus inadvertently leave the connection block according to the invention. Adjacent objects, as well as signal transmission hoses are thus safely protected from damage by the shrapnel effect of the detonating detonator. Malfunctions in complex (explosive) structures are therefore definitely excluded.
  • the rectangular section of the second end section receives the detonator base of the detonator and releases it axially and radially to the first and lower region of the third section of the clamping bracket.
  • the first, second and the lower region of the third section of the clamping bracket has a continuous or interrupted rib projecting into the U-shaped slot and extending in the longitudinal direction of the base body and orthogonal to the contact surface.
  • This rib which digs into the surface of the ignition hoses, is extremely easy to manufacture, for example in the injection molding process, and results almost automatically due to the half-shell injection / casting mold.
  • the U-shaped slot has an essentially the same width, which is slightly reduced in the second to third section and is adapted to ignition hoses, and has an average length of an integral multiple thereof.
  • This configuration enables a high level of handling safety when inserting the often quite stiff or rigid ignition hoses. This is because the U-shaped slot, which tapers slightly conically from bottom to top, fixes inserted ignition hoses. Due to the longitudinal extension of the U-shaped slot according to the application, depending on the diameter of the
  • the base body is made of plastic and / or metal and that the clamping bracket and all other parts have wall thicknesses adapted or reinforced in such a way that the detonator remains completely in the base body in the event of ignition.
  • plastic materials preferably polypropylene
  • the wall thicknesses can be selected according to the physical requirements.
  • the pivotable third section of the tensioning bracket for inserting the ignition hoses forms a funnel-shaped notch and has a through opening in the area of the film hinge. This further promotes handling and, at the same time, ensures that the ignition hoses are securely pinched in the lower region of the third section in the region of the support of the arcuate region on the nose of the base body.
  • the pivotable third section and its upper region can be moved and locked and unlocked by hand. As a result, it is easily possible on site to use the connecting block according to the invention even without a tool.
  • connection block according to the invention for non-electrical ignition systems for receiving one or more signal transmission hoses, in the present case also called ignition hoses, for signal transmission from one igniter to further detonators, which consists of a single basic body is extremely advantageous compared to the known connection blocks.
  • the tubular section forms a channel for receiving a weak, ie (initial) detonator.
  • the clamping and closing element, i.e. the tensioning bracket works in cooperation with the base body to form a U-shaped or arcuate slot in which one or more signal transmission tubes are received, all of which are in closest direct contact with the fuse base.
  • the base body has great strength, and thus adequate protection of the detonator located inside against impact, z. B. by improper handling or by flying stone during blasting work, etc.
  • This is essentially simple ribs, the radial as transverse ribs and in
  • the detonator is prevented from slipping out by a simple bead in the ignition channel, i.e. the tubular section guaranteed.
  • the special shape of the end section in the area of the fuse base in the core of the U-shaped slot forms openings in the U-shaped wide end section and thus ensures that the ignition signal is reliably transmitted to all signal transmission hoses located in the U-shaped slot.
  • the special design of the clamping and closure element provides an exact fixation of the ignition hoses located in the U-shaped slot. This is particularly due to the rib inside the U-shaped
  • connection block must also protect the adjacent signal transmission hoses from damage due to the shrapnel effect of the exploding detonator. This is achieved in particular by the special design of the clamping element of the clamping bracket and by increasing the mass on the corresponding parts.
  • the third section of the clamping bracket prevents undesired slipping out of the hoses from the U-shaped slot, in which, after the hook has latched, e.g. B. on a corresponding molding, z. B. on a cross rib, the U-shaped slot is closed. The shape shown makes it easier to insert the ignition hoses into the U-shaped slot.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic section of the connection block along the line A-A in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of the connection block according to FIG. 3
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic section of the connection block along the line B-B in FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic section of the connection block along the line C-C in FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic section of the connection block along the line D-D in FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic section of the connecting block along the line E-E in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows a connecting block 10 according to the invention with an elongated base body 11 with a tubular section 12 which has a first end section 13 and a second end section 14 in the interior of a clamping bracket 16.
  • the connecting block 10 is accordingly shown in FIG. 1 in a view of the contact surface 18.
  • the first end section 13 opens into a flange 19 via a funnel-shaped section 20 of the tubular section 12.
  • initial detonators also called detonators in the present case
  • detonators are inserted into the tubular section 12 with their detonator bottom first, from the side of the first end section 13.
  • the detonator base of the detonator is used for use in the area of the second end section 14 of the tubular section 12.
  • Signal transmission hoses not shown
  • ition hoses are arranged in a U-shaped slot 21 of the clamping bracket 16 and in close direct contact with the detonator base of the detonator, so that a signal transmission from the detonator via the detonator hoses to e.g. B. further detonators is possible.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic section along the line FF of the connecting block 10 in FIG. 1. From the inside to the outside in this FIG. 2, a central rib 22 can first be seen in the cavity 23 of the tubular section 12, from which the viewer can see also sees the funnel-shaped section 20 to which the flange 19 connects. The flange 19 and also the funnel-shaped section 20, as well as the tubular section 12 itself, are slotted at the top and bottom in FIG.
  • the bead 25 is integrally formed in the interior of the tubular section 12 in the region of the first end section 13, reducing the diameter slightly.
  • the first section 17 of the clamping bracket 16 with a contact surface 18 then adjoins to the right.
  • a lever 26 can be seen, which is arranged on an upper region 27 of a third section 28 of the tensioning bracket 16 of the base body 11.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic section of the connecting block 10 along the line A-A in FIG. 1.
  • This section thus represents the base body 11 standing up on its contact surface 18 and forms the position in which the best handling of the connecting block 10 is ensured.
  • On the left in FIG. 3 is the first end section 13 with its flange 19, the funnel-shaped section 20 and the groove-shaped longitudinal recess 24, which separates the end section 13 somewhat beyond the bead 25.
  • the upper and lower sections of the first end section 13 formed in this way in FIG. 3 can consequently, during the insertion of a detonator, which has approximately the inner diameter of the tubular section 12 - in FIG.
  • the tubular section 12 also has one or, in the present case, three circumferential transverse ribs 15, one of which is modified on the right and the first section 17 of the U-shaped slot 21 Clamp 16 stores.
  • This first section 17 is adjoined at a right angle - in FIG. 3 - pointing upwards by a second section 29 and then the third section 28 of the tensioning bracket, the third section 28 again pointing in the direction of the first and an arcuate one has an upper region 27 and a lower region 30, which forms the third section 28 in the region of the U-shaped slot 21.
  • the second section 29 clearly guides the third
  • Section 28 by means of a film hinge 31 to pivot.
  • a through opening 32 is arranged parallel to the hinge 31, so to speak, in such a way that when the clamping bracket 16 is closed, the through opening 32 is securely closed by material of the second and third sections 29, 28.
  • the three sections 17; 29 and 28 of the clamping bracket 16 a slot 21 which extends from the first to the second section 17; 29 slightly tapered with respect to the first end section 17 and in the third section 28 exerts a tensioning pressure on inserted ignition hoses during closing via a bevel 33 of the base body 11.
  • the lower region 30 of the third section 28 abuts a lug 34 of the base body 11, which supports it.
  • This nose 34 has another important function in cooperation with the arcuate upper region 27 of the third section 28. In the closed state it namely forms the counter bearing when pressure is applied - in FIG. B. together with the lever 26 to achieve an extension of the arcuate region 27 such that a hook 35 can be released from a latching 36 on the base body 11, preferably on the modified transverse rib 15. U - turned, the nose 34 serves as a counter bearing for the arcuate upper region 27, in the case of engagement with the appropriate pressure. For the rest, reference is made to the description of the preceding FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of the connecting block 10 corresponding to FIG. 3.
  • the illustrated base body 11 in turn comprises the tubular section 12 with the first and second end sections 13, 14, the flange 19 with an adjacent funnel-shaped section 20 and longitudinal recess 24, bead 25 , Transverse ribs 15 and the modified transverse rib 15, adjacent to the clamping bracket 16 and hooking with the hook 35 of the third section 28 of the clamping bracket 16.
  • longitudinal ribs can also be provided, which in particular arranged on the resilient first partial end section 13 can have a stabilizing and protective function.
  • the tube-shaped section 12 has special shapes in the area of the section with the tensioning bracket 16 of the base body 11, in particular the end section 14 is particularly shaped.
  • the lever 26 is slightly displaced from the center of the upper region 27 towards the hook 35 and, in the open state, forms a straight line along the bevel 33 along the line E-E.
  • FIG. 5 shows a section through the connecting block 10 along the line BB according to FIG. 4.
  • the view of the resilient partial sections is now free, so that the bead 25, the flange 19, the funnel-shaped section 20 and the groove-shaped rounded recess 24 are clearly visible.
  • the special cross-sectional shape is visible in the region of the second end section 14 or the clamping bracket 16, for example that of the second end section 14 itself or that of the second section 29 of the clamping bracket 16.
  • the rib 22 is clearly recognizable in its expression and, moreover, the - in FIG. 5 - lateral massive formations of the second end section 14, as well as that of the entire area between the modified transverse rib 15 and the second section 29 of the tensioning bracket 16 Description of FIGS. 1 to 4 referenced.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic section of the connecting block 10 along the line CC in Figure 4. It is the lever 26 from top to bottom, then the nose 34 with subsequent bevel 33 with subsequent cross section of the tubular section 12 with cavity 23 and a lower web 37 with subsequent first section 17. It is particularly advantageous u. a. the only weakly formed web 37 and first section 17. Because of the special shape, it is surprisingly possible to save material here if the lateral flanks (cheeks) in this area are designed to be stable and solid in accordance with FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic section of the connecting block 10 along the line DD according to Fig. 4. From top to bottom - in Fig. 7 - the cross section of the lower region 30 of the third section 28 with rib 22 can be seen and then the shape of the second end section 14 with the openings 38 according to the invention with a subsequent cross section of the first section 17 in this area, with rib 22.
  • FIG. 8 shows a section according to the invention through the connecting block 10 along the line EE according to FIG. 4. From top to bottom - in FIG. 8 - lever 26 is shown first, then the upper section 27, the modified transverse rib 15 with subsequent tubular section 12 with a special shape in the end section 14 and then the lower section of the modified transverse rib 15 with rib 22.
  • Invention in its different embodiments may be essential.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hooks, Suction Cups, And Attachment By Adhesive Means (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un bloc de connexion (10) dans des systèmes d'amorçage non électrique pour explosions. Ce bloc comprend un corps de base allongé (11), présentant une section tubulaire (12), dont la cavité renferme un verrou pour détonateur, une première section d'extrémité (13) ouverte vers l'extérieur et une deuxième section d'extrémité (14), qui se jette à une certaine distance d'un élément de serrage (16) du corps de base (11), lequel élément de serrage entoure cette deuxième section d'extrémité (14) en formant un U et constitue orthogonalement une fente alignée sur l'axe longitudinal. Selon la présente invention, ce corps de base (11) est stable, monobloc et peut être manipulé en toute sécurité ; le verrou positionne le détonateur dans ce corps de base (11) de façon enclenchée en sens axial et l'élément de serrage (16) présente au moins une section fixe et une section pivotante (17 ; 29 ; 28) pourvues d'un élément de fermeture (27, 26, 35, 36) pouvant être ouvert.
PCT/DE2002/001843 2001-06-08 2002-05-17 Bloc de connexion dans des systemes d'amorcage non electrique pour explosions WO2002101322A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20109493U DE20109493U1 (de) 2001-06-08 2001-06-08 Verbindungsblock für nichtelektrische Zündsysteme für Sprengungen
DE20109493.2 2001-06-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002101322A1 true WO2002101322A1 (fr) 2002-12-19

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2002/001843 WO2002101322A1 (fr) 2001-06-08 2002-05-17 Bloc de connexion dans des systemes d'amorcage non electrique pour explosions

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DE (1) DE20109493U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002101322A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2284476A3 (fr) * 2009-08-12 2014-02-26 Austin Detonator s.r.o. Dispositif de connection pour détonateurs

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008146954A1 (fr) * 2007-05-03 2008-12-04 Im, Chol Hun Nouveau système de mise de feu en parallèle 'pulkkot' non électrique

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5171935A (en) * 1992-11-05 1992-12-15 The Ensign-Bickford Company Low-energy blasting initiation system method and surface connection thereof
US5204492A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-04-20 Ici Explosives Usa Inc. Low noise, low shrapnel detonator assembly for initiating signal transmission lines
WO1996011375A1 (fr) * 1994-10-07 1996-04-18 Austin Powder Company Procede et appareil de transmission d'un amorçage d'un detonateur au cordon de detonation
US5524547A (en) * 1994-06-03 1996-06-11 Ici Canada Inc. Signal tube and detonator cord connector
WO1997015537A1 (fr) 1995-10-27 1997-05-01 The Ensign-Bickford Company Bloc de connexion pour systemes de mise a feu de mines
US5703320A (en) * 1996-01-18 1997-12-30 The Ensign Bickford Company Connector for blast initiation system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5204492A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-04-20 Ici Explosives Usa Inc. Low noise, low shrapnel detonator assembly for initiating signal transmission lines
US5171935A (en) * 1992-11-05 1992-12-15 The Ensign-Bickford Company Low-energy blasting initiation system method and surface connection thereof
US5524547A (en) * 1994-06-03 1996-06-11 Ici Canada Inc. Signal tube and detonator cord connector
WO1996011375A1 (fr) * 1994-10-07 1996-04-18 Austin Powder Company Procede et appareil de transmission d'un amorçage d'un detonateur au cordon de detonation
WO1997015537A1 (fr) 1995-10-27 1997-05-01 The Ensign-Bickford Company Bloc de connexion pour systemes de mise a feu de mines
US5703319A (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-12-30 The Ensign-Bickford Company Connector block for blast initiation systems
US5703320A (en) * 1996-01-18 1997-12-30 The Ensign Bickford Company Connector for blast initiation system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2284476A3 (fr) * 2009-08-12 2014-02-26 Austin Detonator s.r.o. Dispositif de connection pour détonateurs

Also Published As

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