WO2002090545A2 - Acide nucleique codant le polypeptide cgl1 et application de cet acide nucleique et du polypeptide cgl1 au diagnostic et en therapeutique - Google Patents
Acide nucleique codant le polypeptide cgl1 et application de cet acide nucleique et du polypeptide cgl1 au diagnostic et en therapeutique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002090545A2 WO2002090545A2 PCT/FR2002/001541 FR0201541W WO02090545A2 WO 2002090545 A2 WO2002090545 A2 WO 2002090545A2 FR 0201541 W FR0201541 W FR 0201541W WO 02090545 A2 WO02090545 A2 WO 02090545A2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of prevention and treatment of pathologies such as lipodystrophies, very particularly congenital lipodystropy (CGL) as well as diabetes (type .1 and type 2).
- pathologies such as lipodystrophies, very particularly congenital lipodystropy (CGL) as well as diabetes (type .1 and type 2).
- CGL congenital lipodystropy
- diabetes type .1 and type 2
- Lipodystrophies are defined as alterations in the distribution of body fat which can be decreased or increased. They include obesity and metabolic syndrome (or insulin resistance syndrome or syndrome X).
- CGL Generalized congenital lipodystrophy
- GL Generalized lipodystrophy
- Lipodystrophy syndromes have been classified according to the extent of lipoatrophy, whether it is local or generalized.
- generalized lipodystrophies GL
- Two GL subtypes have been distinguished according to the age of onset of lipoatrophy.
- the first subtype is congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), also called "BERARDINELLI-SEIP syndrome” for which an absence of adipose tissue is observed at birth or early in early childhood.
- CGL congenital generalized lipodystrophy
- LAWRENCE syndrome generalized acquired lipodystrophy
- IGF-1 insulin growth factor-1
- PIGF-1 is a substance with great anabolic power and which is known to stimulate cell growth in certain tissues. IGF-1 is therefore likely to dangerously deteriorate cardiomyopathy in patients with CGL thus treated.
- CGL congenital generalized lipodystrophy syndrome
- the pathologies preferentially targeted by the invention are the following:
- the cgl1 gene can also be designated “BSCL2”.
- the CGL1 protein can also be designated “Seipine”.
- nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide of amino acid sequence SEQ ID No. 1 or alternatively fragments or variants of the CGL1 polypeptide.
- the invention also relates to the use of a nucleic acid as defined above for the manufacture of a probe or of a nucleotide primer specific for the normal cgll gene or for the mutated cgll gene.
- the invention also relates to methods for detecting a mutation in a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide, said methods using one or more nucleotide probes or primers specific for the mutated cgll gene, as well as kits or kits for the detection of 'a mutation in the cgll gene.
- the invention also relates to recombinant vectors comprising a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide, especially recombinant vectors useful in gene therapy methods, as well as recombinant host cells transfected or transformed by such a nucleic acid or by a vector. as defined above.
- a subject of the invention is also the use of a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide for the manufacture of a medicament intended for the prevention or treatment of lipodystrophy of diabetes or obesity, and any particularly lipodystrophy associated with CGL syndrome.
- compositions intended for the prevention or treatment of lipodystrophy or of diabetes characterized in that they comprise a nucleic acid coding for the CGL1 polypeptide or else a recombinant vector or a recombinant host cell. as defined above, in combination with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- a subject of the invention is also the CGL1 polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 1 or else a fragment or a variant of the CGL1 polypeptide.
- the invention also relates to the use of the CGL1 polypeptide for the manufacture of a medicament intended for the prevention or treatment of lipodystrophy or of diabetes as well as to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a CGL1 polypeptide.
- the invention also relates to an antibody directed against the CGL1 polypeptide, or alternatively a fragment or a variant of the CGL1 polypeptide, as well as to detection methods and kits or kits using such an antibody.
- the invention also relates to methods for screening a candidate compound interacting with the CGL1 polypeptide as well as kits or kits for screening such candidate compounds.
- It also relates to methods for screening a candidate compound modulating the expression of the cgl1 gene as well as to kits or kits for screening such candidate compounds.
- FIG. 1A illustrates the CGL families of two geographically distinct groups, respectively Lebanese and Norwegian, which were studied in the linkage analysis carried out on the whole genome. Solid symbols represent affected individuals and empty symbols represent unaffected individuals. The pedigrees have been simplified and show only the affected progeny which has been effectively genotyped.
- the individual annotated with a star (*) has the same name as the last three families of the pedigree, respecting the recessive mode of transmission of the disease for patients # 4.
- the haplotype analysis is represented schematically by the bars located under the individuals who have been genotypes: the solid bars correspond to the respective carrier allele, which segregates with the disease and reveals a "founding" effect in each population.
- the numbering of the affected individuals corresponds to that used in Figure 2, in which fine mapping details are presented.
- Figure 1B illustrates a multi-point analysis of families
- genotypes are presented for the patients after estimation of the haplotypes in each family originating from Lebanon or Norway.
- the characters in italics represent the genotypes for patients 4, 12, 13, 24 and 25, who were inferred from the other parents in the family, due to the absence of DNA for the study; x represents a haplotype for the disease not identified in the available DNAs.
- the microsatellite markers are indicated in the left column; the arrows indicate the markers used for mapping the entire genome. The full boxes indicate the regions of homozygosity.
- Figure 3 illustrates the haplotype analysis in families of various ethnic origins co-segregating at locus 11q13. The individuals were genotyped with six markers covering an interval of approximately 10cM. For each family, the ethnic origin is indicated when it differs from the country of residence. In the CGL-16 family, the letter d as genotype with the CA10 marker corresponds to a deletion.
- FIG. 4A illustrates deletions in the cgl1 gene, human homolog of the mouse gene ⁇ 3ng3lg.
- the eleven exons were amplified as seven fragments in each member of the CGL-16 inbred family, including affected children (monozygotic twins).
- Figure 4B illustrates the distribution of mutations in the cgl1 gene. The mutations are represented according to their type: large deletion (-), a false sense mutation (O), nonsense mutation (X), mutation in the splicing site (I), mutation of reading frame change due to a insertion (), deletion (*) or deletion / insertion (0).
- FIG. 5 illustrates the expression profile of the cgl1 gene.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the expression profile of the cgl1 gene.
- 5A is an autoradiographic photograph showing the hybridization of a cDNA probe covering exons 1 to 11 against poly (A) + mRNA gels (approximately 2 ⁇ g) of different tissues, showing the existence of transcription of approximately 2.4 kb and approximately 1.8 kb and approximately 2 kb respectively.
- FIG. 5B presents autoradiography photographs showing the hybridization of a cDNA probe covering exons 1 to 11 on a gel containing total human RNA (20 ⁇ g) originating from the abdominal and visceral subcutaneous tissues, by comparison to brain, heart and liver tissue.
- Figure 5C illustrates the quantification of autoradiography images obtained after hybridization of a cDNA probe covering exons 1 to 11 on poly (A) + RNA of various tissues. The results show that the highest levels of expression were observed for the brain and the testes.
- FIG. 6 illustrates an alignment of the sequences of the CGL1 protein with the Gng3lg protein of mus musculus and the CG9904 protein of Drosophila melanogaster, respectively. Preserved amino acid residues are shown in full boxes. Putative transmembrane domains are underlined.
- isolated in the sense of the present invention designates a biological material (nucleic acid or protein) which has been removed from its original environment (the environment in which it is naturally located).
- a polynucleotide naturally occurring in a plant or animal is not isolated.
- the same polynucleotide separated from adjacent nucleic acids within which it is naturally inserted into the genome of the plant or animal is considered to be "isolated”.
- Such a polynucleotide may be included in a vector and / or such a polynucleotide may be included in a composition and remain nevertheless in the isolated state of the fact that the vector or the composition does not constitute its natural environment.
- purified does not require that the material be present in a form of absolute purity, exclusive of the presence of other compounds. Rather, it is a relative definition.
- a polynucleotide is in the "purified” state after purification of the starting material or of the natural material of at least one order of magnitude, preferably 2 or 3 and preferably 4 or 5 orders of magnitude.
- the expression “nucleotide sequence” can be used to denote either a polynucleotide or a nucleic acid.
- the term “nucleotide sequence” encompasses the genetic material itself and is therefore not limited to information regarding its sequence.
- oligonucleotide or “nucleotide sequence” include sequences of RNA, DNA, cDNA or hybrid sequences RNA / DNA of more than one nucleotide, either in the single chain form or in the form of duplex .
- nucleotide refers to both natural nucleotides
- modified nucleotides which comprise at least one modification such as (1) an analog of a purine, (2) an analog of a pyrimidine, or (3) an analogous sugar, examples of such modified nucleotides being described for example in PCT application No. WO 95/04 064.
- a first polynucleotide is considered to be "complementary" to a second polynucleotide when each base of the first nucleotide is paired with the base complementary to the second polynucleotide whose orientation is reversed.
- the complementary bases are A and T (or A and U), or C and G.
- variant of a nucleic acid according to the invention is meant a nucleic acid which differs by one or more bases with respect to the reference polynucleotide.
- a variant nucleic acid may be of natural origin, such as an allelic variant found naturally, or may also be an unnatural variant obtained for example by mutagenesis techniques.
- the differences between the reference nucleic acid and the variant nucleic acid are reduced so that the nucleotide sequences of the reference nucleic acid and the variant nucleic acid are very close and, in many regions , identical.
- the nucleotide modifications present in a variant nucleic acid can be silent, which means that they do not alter the amino acid sequences encoded by said variant nucleic acid.
- nucleotide changes in a variant nucleic acid can also result in substitutions, additions, deletions in the polypeptide encoded by the variant nucleic acid compared to the peptides encoded by the reference nucleic acid.
- modifications of nucleotides in the coding regions can produce substitutions, conservative or non-conservative in the amino acid sequence.
- the variant nucleic acids according to the invention encode polypeptides which retain substantially the same biological function or activity as the polypeptide of the reference nucleic acid or else the ability to be recognized by antibodies directed against the polypeptides encoded by the initial nucleic acid.
- nucleic acids will thus code for mutated forms of polypeptides whose systematic study will make it possible to deduce structure activity relationships from the proteins in question.
- fragment will be understood to mean a reference nucleic acid according to the invention, a nucleotide sequence of reduced length compared to the reference nucleic acid and comprising, on the part common, a nucleotide sequence identical to the reference nucleic acid.
- Such a “fragment” of nucleic acid according to the invention may, where appropriate, be included in a larger polynucleotide of which it is constitutive.
- Such fragments comprise, or alternatively consist of, oligonucleotides of length ranging from 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20 to 25,
- variant of a polypeptide according to the invention is mainly meant a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence contains one or more substitutions, additions or deletions of at least one amino acid residue, relative to the sequence amino acids of the reference polypeptide, it being understood that the amino acid substitutions can be either conservative or non-conservative.
- a “variant” of a polypeptide according to the invention has an N-terminal amino acid sequence identical to the reference polypeptide.
- preferred variants of the CGL1 polypeptide have an N-terminal sequence starting with the amino acid sequence "Met-Val-Asn-Asp-Pro" or "Met-Val-Asn-Asp-Pro-
- fragment of a polypeptide according to the invention, is meant a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence is shorter than that of the reference polypeptide and which comprises over the entire part common with these reference polypeptides, a sequence in identical amino acids.
- Such fragments may, if appropriate, be included within a larger polypeptide of which they are part.
- Such fragments of a polypeptide according to the invention can have a length of 10, 15, 20, 30 to 40, 50, 100, 200 or 300 amino acids.
- the "percentage of identity" between two nucleotide or amino acid sequences can be determined by comparing two optimally aligned sequences, through a comparison window.
- the part of the nucleotide or polypeptide sequence in the comparison window can thus include additions or deletions (for example "gaps") with respect to the reference sequence (which does not include these additions or these deletions) so as to obtain an optimal alignment of the two sequences.
- the percentage is calculated by determining the number of positions at which an identical nucleic base or amino acid residue is observed for the two sequences (nucleic or peptide) compared, then by dividing the number of positions at which there is identity between the two bases or amino acid residues by the total number of positions in the comparison window, then multiplying the result by 100 to obtain the percentage of sequence identity.
- the optimal alignment of the sequences for the comparison can be achieved by computer using known algorithms contained in the package of the company WISCONSIN GENETICS SOFTWARE PACKAGE, GENETICS COMPUTER GROUP (GCG), 575 Science Doctor, Madison, WISCONSIN.
- the percentage of sequence identity may be carried out using the BLAST software (BLAST versions 1.4.9 of March 1996, BLAST 2.0.4 of February 1998 and BLAST 2.0.6 of September 1998), using only the default parameters (S. F Altschul et al, J. Mol. Biol. 1990 215: 403-410, S. F Altschul et al, Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 25: 3389-3402).
- the query sequence and the databases used can be peptide or nucleic, any combination being possible.
- hybridization conditions described above are suitable for hybridization under high stringency conditions, of a nucleic acid molecule of variable length from 20 nucleotides to several hundred nucleotides.
- hybridization conditions described above can be adapted as a function of the length of the nucleic acid for which hybridization is sought or of the type of labeling chosen, according to techniques known to those skilled in the art. .
- the suitable hybridization conditions can for example be adapted according to the teaching contained in the work of HAMES and HIGGINS (1985) or also in the work of F. AUSUBEL et al (1989). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- the inventors carried out a marker association mapping and a homozygosity mapping in individuals from nine families with CGL originating from two distinct geographic isolates, respectively from Riverside and Norway, which enabled them to isolate one of the Causal genes for congenital generalized lipodystrophy syndrome in a small region of the chromosomal locus 11q13.
- the inventors carried out a first genome-wide association study, the results of which showed that two adjacent markers, respectively the markers D11S4191 and D11S987 located on the chromosomal locus 11q13 were homozygous in most patients.
- the inventors then characterized 25 additional microsatellite markers, twelve of which are located between the marker D11S4191 and D11S987.
- a second association study carried out with these markers made it possible to determine that the locus carrying the causative genetic determinant of CGL was located in a region of approximately 2.5 Mb located between the markers D11S4076 and D11S480.
- Some of the patients included in the study were homozygous for a zero allele corresponding to the CA10 marker. This result enabled the inventors to identify a causative gene for congenital generalized lipodystrophy among the 27 genes studied in the interval D11S4076-D11S480.
- This gene is contained in the DNA insert of a BAC vector designated RP11-83H9, the partial nucleotide sequences of which are referenced in the GenBanK database under the access number AP001458.
- the causal gene for CGL has been designated "cgll gene” by the inventors.
- the inventors have identified numerous mutations inducing the coding of mutated CGL1 polypeptides, in particular polypeptides
- CGL1 congenital generalized lipodystrophy syndrome
- the subject of the invention is first of all a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide of amino acid sequence SEQ ID No. 1 or a fragment or a variant of the CGL1 polypeptide.
- the nucleic acids according to the present invention are in an isolated or purified form.
- the genomic sequence of the cgl1 gene is entirely contained in the DNA insert of the BAC vector designated RT11-831 H9, of which unordered sequences have been referenced under the access number AP001458 of the database.
- GenBank The inventors have determined that the cgl1 gene comprises 11 exons and 10 introns. Based on the numbering in nucleotides of the genomic sequence n ° AP001458 of GenBank, the sequences of the different exons of the cgll gene were determined as follows:
- Exon 1 which does not include an open reading frame, corresponds to the nucleotide sequence complementary to the sequence going up to the nucleotide at position 35294 of the sequence AP001458.
- Exon 2 is the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 161282 to the nucleotide at position 161598 of the sequence AP001458.
- the base A of the translation initiation codon is located at position 161387.
- Exon 3 is the nucleotide sequence from nucleotide at position 158346 to nucleotide at position 158427 of the genomic sequence AP001458.
- Exon 4 is the sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 153740 to the nucleotide at position 153597 of the genomic sequence AP001458.
- Exon 5 is the sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 66927 to the nucleotide at position 66793 of the genomic sequence AP001458.
- Exon 6 is the sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 66603 to the nucleotide at position 66506 of the genomic sequence AP001458.
- Exon 7 is the sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 65551 to the nucleotide at position 65410 of the genomic sequence AP001458.
- Exon 8 is the sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 65271 to the nucleotide at position 65.205 of the genomic sequence AP001458.
- Exon 9 is the sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 64997 to the nucleotide at position 64917 of the genomic sequence AP001458.
- Exon 10 is the sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 64822 to the nucleotide at position 64742 of the genomic sequence AP001458.
- Exon 11 is the sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 64651 of the genomic sequence AP001458. The A base of the TGA codon for stopping the translation of the cgl1 gene located at nucleotide 64497 of the genomic sequence AP001458.
- Table 1 below presents the intron-exon junction sequences of the cgl1 gene.
- Exon 1 which does not have an open reading frame, corresponds to the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 134 035 to the nucleotide at position 134 273 of the sequence AC 090306.
- Exon 2 is the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 135 765 to the nucleotide at position 136 081 of the sequence AC 090306.
- Exon 3 is the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 138 833 to the nucleotide at position 138 914 of the genomic sequence AC 090306.
- Exon 4 is the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 146 670 to the nucleotide in position 146 813 of the genomic sequence AC 090306.
- Exon 5 is the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 148 584 to the nucleotide in position 148 718 of the genomic sequence AC 090306.
- Exon 6 is the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 148 908 to the nucleotide at position 149 005 of the genomic sequence AC 090306.
- Exon 7 is the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 149 960 to the nucleotide at position 150 101 of the genomic sequence AC 090306.
- Exon 8 is the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide at position 150 240 to the nucleotide at position 150 306 of the genomic sequence AC 090306.
- Exon 9 is the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 150 514 to the nucleotide in position 150 594 of the genomic sequence AC 090306.
- Exon 10 is the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 150 689 to the nucleotide in position 150 769 of the genomic sequence AC 090306.
- Exon 11 is the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 150 860 to the nucleotide in position 151 106 of the genomic sequence AC 090306.
- the marker of the invention designated “CA10” is located from the nucleotide at position 145 136 to the nucleotide at position 145 016 of the genomic sequence AC 090306.
- the cgl1 gene can be isolated by a person skilled in the art from the BAC vector designated RP11-83H9 and referenced under the access number AP00 1458 and AC 090 306 from the GenBanK database.
- a person skilled in the art can again isolate the genomic nucleic acid from the cgl1 gene from a sample of human DNA, using the pair of primers with respective sequences SEQ ID No. 17 and SEQ ID No. 18.
- the invention relates to a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide, characterized in that it comprises the cgl1 gene contained in the BAC vector designated RP-11-83H9, the partial nucleotide sequences of which are referenced in the GENBANK database under the number n Access number n ° AP001458 or whose nucleotide sequences are referenced in the GenBanK database under the n ° D4ACC7S AC 090 306.
- the cDNA encoding the CGL1 polypeptide has been identified by the inventors as being a nucleic acid having complete identity with the nucleic acid referenced in the GenBanK database under the access number 9 AF052149, this sequence also being referenced as the sequence SEQ ID No. 14 of the sequence listing.
- sequence no AF052,149 is simply identified as originating from a human messenger RNA randomly sequenced from a human mRNA library.
- GenBanK reference AF052149 does not contain any information regarding the existence of an open reading frame in the sequence described, let alone the position of a possible open reading frame. As a result, no information is given on a polypeptide that could be encoded by this sequence.
- the cDNA sequence coding for the CGL1 polypeptide referenced as the sequence SEQ ID No. 14 of the sequence listing, has an open reading frame which begins at the base A of the ATG codon, in position 345 and ends at the base A of the codon TGA in position 1541 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 14.
- the open reading frame of the sequence SEQ ID No. 14 codes for the polypeptide CGL1 of amino acid sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- the invention therefore also relates to a nucleic acid coding for the CGL1 polypeptide, characterized in that it comprises the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 14.
- nucleic acid coding for the CGL1 polypeptide characterized in that it comprises the polynucleotide ranging from the nucleotide in position 345 to the nucleotide in position 1541 of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 14.
- a nucleic acid coding for the CGL1 polypeptide of a variant or of a fragment of such a nucleic acid for the purpose of diagnosis or preventive or curative therapy of a pathology associated with a mutation or defect in the expression of the gene coding for the CGL1 polypeptide, in particular a pathology listed in the "SUMMARY" section, including lipodystrophy, preferentially generalized congenital lipodystrophy (CGL1), or type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
- a pathology associated with a mutation or defect in the expression of the gene coding for the CGL1 polypeptide in particular a pathology listed in the "SUMMARY" section, including lipodystrophy, preferentially generalized congenital lipodystrophy (CGL1), or type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
- the inventors have identified numerous mutations in the cgl1 gene in patients suffering from congenital generalized lipodystrophy.
- the cgl1 gene affected by this mutation codes for the polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 2.
- the polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No 2 has a truncated amino acid sequence with respect to the normal CGL1 polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No 1 and also has the C-terminal sequence "RDCAFLLQDRL" which is not found in the polypeptide CGL1 normal, due to a change of reading frame induced by the mutation.
- the cgl1 gene carrying this mutation codes for the polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 3.
- the amino acid sequence polypeptide SEQ ID No. 3 is truncated, relative to the normal CGL1 polypeptide and has the C-terminal sequence "KCMDSRIVLP" which is not found in the normal CGL1 polypeptide, due to a change in the reading frame induced by the mutation.
- the cgl1 gene carrying this mutation codes for the polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 4.
- the polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 4 is truncated relative to the normal CGL1 polypeptide and has the C-terminal sequence "SCYLRA" which is not found in the normal CGL1 peptide, due to a change in the reading frame induced by mutation.
- the cgl1 gene carrying this mutation codes for the polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 5, which is truncated relative to the normal CGL1 polypeptide and which has a C-terminal sequence "CYLRA" which is not found in the normal CGL1 polypeptide, due to a change of reading frame induced by the mutation.
- Mutation F108 fsX113 codes for the polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 5, which is truncated relative to the normal CGL1 polypeptide and which has a C-terminal sequence "CYLRA" which is not found in the normal CGL1 polypeptide, due to a change of reading frame induced by the mutation.
- the cgll gene carrying this mutation codes for the polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 6 which is truncated relative to the normal CGL1 polypeptide and which has a C-terminal sequence "NLRA" which is not found in the normal CGL1 polypeptide, made of a change of reading frame induced by the mutation.
- the cgl1 gene carrying this mutation codes for the polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 7, the amino acid sequence of which is truncated relative to the normal CGL1 polypeptide.
- the cgl1 gene carrying this mutation codes for a polypeptide comprising an amino acid deletion and codes for the polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 8. More specifically, it is a mutation of the first base of the alternative intron 4 splicing site, which induces the excision of exon 4. The excision of exon 4 causes the deletion of 48 amino acids, with conservation of the reading frame.
- a 212P mutation The cgll gene carrying the A 212P mutation codes for the polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 9, resulting from a “false sense” mutation in exon 6 inducing the substitution of the alanine residue at position 212 with a praline residue .
- the cgll gene carrying this mutation codes for the polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 10 which is truncated relative to the normal CGL1 polypeptide and which has a C-terminal sequence "TSASTRTSLGSDTCY TTSR" which is not found in the normal CGL1 polypeptide, due to a change in the reading frame.
- variants of the CGL1 polypeptide of sequences SEQ ID No. 2 to SEQ ID No. 10 form part of the invention. Also forming part of the invention are the nucleic acids coding for the polypeptides of amino acid sequences SEQ ID No. 2 to SEQ ID No. 10, as well as their complementary sequences.
- Table 2 summarizes the different mutations of the cgll gene found by the inventors.
- fragments of the CGL1 polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- the fragments of the CGL1 polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 1 are preferably at least 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 2550, 300, in length.
- the fragments of the CGL1 polypeptide are useful in particular for the preparation of antibodies directed specifically against this protein.
- the fragments of the preferred CGL1 polypeptide are the polypeptides of amino acid sequences, respectively SEQ ID No 11, SEQ ID No 12 and SEQ ID No 13.
- the subject of the invention is also a nucleic acid encoding a fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide as defined above.
- the invention also relates to the use of a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide or a fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 1 for the manufacture of a probe or of a nucleotide primer specific for the cgl1 gene.
- the invention also relates to the use of a nucleic acid encoding a variant of the CGL1 polypeptide for the manufacture of a probe or of a nucleotide primer specific for the mutated cgl1 gene.
- the subject of the invention is also a probe or a nucleotide primer hybridizing, under conditions of high stringency defined in the present description, specifically with the mutated cgl1 gene.
- nucleotide probes or primers according to the invention are preferably those characterized in that they specifically hybridize with a nucleic acid coding for one of the polypeptides of sequences SEQ ID No. 2 to SEQ ID No. 10, these polypeptides being coded by the mutated cgll gene.
- the probes and the nucleotide primers hybridize specifically with the cgl1 gene carrying a mutation chosen from the mutations F63fsX75, F100fsX1 11,
- probes and primers which hybridize with an unmutated nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide, but do not hybridize, under the specified hybridization conditions, with a nucleic acid carrying one of the mutations ci -above.
- the invention also relates to a pair of nucleotide primers for the detection of a mutation in the cgll gene, characterized in that it is the pair of primers comprising the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 15 and SEQ ID N ° 16 which define the CA10 microsatellite marker.
- a second pair of primers according to the invention comprises the primers of sequences SEQ ID No. 17 and SEQ ID No. 18.
- a primer or a nucleotide probe according to the invention can be prepared by any suitable method well known to those skilled in the art, including by cloning and action of restriction enzymes or also by direct chemical synthesis according to techniques such as the method to the phosphodiester of Narang et al. (1979) or Brown et al. (1979), the diethylphosphoramidite method of Beaucage et al. (1980) or the technique on solid support described in patent EU N ⁇ P 0 707
- Each of the nucleic acids according to the invention can be labeled, if desired, by incorporating a marker detectable by spectroscopic, photochemical, biochemical, immunochemical or even chemical means.
- markers can consist of radioactive isotopes (32P, 33P, 3H, 35S), fluorescent molecules (5-bromodeoxyuridine, fluorescein, acetylaminofluorene, digoxigenin) or also ligands such as biotin.
- the labeling of the probes is preferably done by incorporating labeled molecules within the polynucleotides by extension of primers, or else by adding to the 5 ′ or 3 ′ ends.
- the probes according to the invention may have structural characteristics such as to allow amplification of the signal, such as the probes described by Urdea et al. (1991) or in European patent n ° EP-0 225 807 (CHIRON).
- oligonucleotide probes according to the invention can be used in particular in Southern type hybridizations with genomic DNA or also in hybridizations with the corresponding messenger RNA when the expression of the corresponding transcript is sought in a sample.
- the probes according to the invention can also be used for the detection of PCR amplification products or even for the detection of mismatches.
- Nucleotide probes or primers according to the invention can be immobilized on a solid support.
- solid supports are well known to those skilled in the art and include surfaces microtiter plate wells, polystyrene beds, magnetic beds, nitrocellulose strips, or microparticles such as latex particles.
- the present invention also relates to a method for detecting a mutation in a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) bringing one or more nucleotide probes as defined above into contact with the sample to be tested; b) detecting the complex possibly formed between the probe (s) and the nucleic acid present in the sample.
- the oligonucleotide probe (s) are immobilized on a support.
- the oligonucleotide probes include a detectable marker.
- the invention further relates to a kit or kit for the detection of a mutation in the cgl1 gene, characterized in that it comprises: a) one or more nucleotide probes as defined above; b) where appropriate, the reagents necessary for the hybridization reaction.
- the detection kit or kit is characterized in that the probe or probes are immobilized on a support.
- the detection kit or kit is characterized in that the oligonucleotide probes comprise a detectable marker.
- such a kit will comprise a plurality of oligonucleotide probes capable of detecting distinct mutations in the cgl1 gene.
- the probes according to the invention immobilized on a support can be ordered in matrices such as "DNA chips". Such ordered matrices have been described in particular in US Patent No. 5,143,854 and in PCT Applications No. WO 90/15070 net 92/192. Support matrices on which the oligonucleotide probes have been immobilized at a high density are for example described in US Pat. Nos. 5,412,087 and in PCT application No. WO 95/11 995.
- the nucleotide primers according to the invention are preferably used to detect a mutation in a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide, and therefore selectively amplified all or part of a nucleic acid carrying a mutation in the cgll gene.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method for detecting a mutation in a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) bringing the test sample into contact with one or more nucleotide primers as defined above; b) detecting the amplified nucleic acids.
- the subject of the invention is also a kit or kit for detecting a mutation in a nucleic acid coding for the CGL1 polypeptide, characterized in that it comprises: a) one or more nucleotide primers as defined above; b) where appropriate, the reagents necessary for the amplification reaction.
- the nucleotide primers according to the invention are particularly useful in the context of process and genotyping of subjects and / or genotyping of populations, in particular in the context of studies of association between the particular allelic forms or forms of groups of particular alleles for genotyping subjects and / or genotyping populations, particularly in the context of studies of association between the particular allelic forms or forms of groups of particular alleles (haplotypes) in subjects suffering from CGL and the existence of a phenotype (character) particular in these subjects, for example the predisposition of these subjects to develop pathologies linked to generalized dystrophy, diabetes or obesity.
- nucleotide probes and primers according to the invention are also useful as detection means for the diagnosis of pathologies linked to CGL1, in particular the pathologies listed in the "SUMMARY" part of this description, including lipoatrophic diabetes, especially as part of a prenatal diagnosis.
- the invention would also relate to a recombinant vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide of amino acid sequence SEQ ID No. 1 or a fragment or a variant of the CGL1 polypeptide.
- a recombinant vector comprising a nucleic acid coding for a variant of the CGL1 polypeptide will comprise a nucleic acid coding for a polypeptide chosen from the polypeptides of amino acid sequences SEQ ID No. 2 to SEQ ID No. 10.
- a recombinant vector comprising a nucleic acid coding for a fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide will comprise a nucleic acid coding for a polypeptide chosen from the polypeptides of amino acid sequences SEQ ID No 11 to SEQ ID No 13.
- the nucleic acid coding for the CGL1 polypeptide comprises the cgl1 gene contained in the BAC vector designated RP11-831H9 whose partial nucleotide sequences are referenced in the GENBANK database under the access number n ° AP001458.
- the nucleic acid coding for the CGL1 polypeptide is a nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 14.
- the nucleic acid coding for the CGL1 polypeptide comprises the polynucleotide ranging from the nucleotide at position 345 to the nucleotide at position 1541 of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 14.
- vector in the sense of the present invention, is meant a circular or linear DNA or RNA molecule which is either in the form of single strand or double strand.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention is used in order to amplify the nucleic acid which is inserted therein after transformation or transfection of the desired cellular host.
- these are expression vectors comprising, in addition to a nucleic acid according to the invention, regulatory sequences making it possible to direct their transcription and / or translation.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention will notably comprise the following elements:
- elements for regulating the expression of the nucleic acid to be inserted such as promoters and activator sequences ("enhancers");
- the recombinant vectors according to the invention may include one or more origins of replication in cellular hosts in which their amplification or expression is sought, markers or selection markers.
- the bacterial promoters may be the Lad, LacZ promoters, the promoters of the RNA polymerase of bacteriophage T3 or T7, the PR or PL promoters of phage lambda.
- Promoters for eukaryotic cells will include the HSV virus thymidine kinase promoter or the mouse metallothionein-L promoter.
- bacteriophage vectors such as bacteriophage P1 vectors such as the vector p158 or even the vector p158 / neo8 described by Sternberg (1992, 1994), will preferably be used.
- the preferred bacterial vectors according to the invention are for example the vectors pBR322 (ATCC37017) or also vectors such as pAA223-3 (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden), and pGEM1 (Promega Biotech, Madison, Wl, USA). Mention may also be made of other commercially available vectors such as the vectors pQE70, pQE60, pQE9 (Qiagen), psiX174, pBluescript SA, pNH8A, pNH16A, pNH18A, pNH46A, pWLNEO, pSV2CAT, pOG44, pXTI, pSG (Stratagene).
- baculovirus type vectors such as the vector pVL1392 / 1393 (Pharmingen) used to transfect the cells of the Sf9 line (ATCC No. CRL 1711) derived from Spodoptera frugiperda.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention can also be a retroviral vector or also an adeno-associated vector (AAV).
- AAV adeno-associated vector
- Such adeno-associated vectors are for example described by Flotte et al. (1992), Samulski et al. (1989), or even McLaughlin BA et al. (1996).
- the latter must be introduced into a host cell.
- the introduction of the polynucleotides according to the invention into a host cell can be carried out in vitro, according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art for transforming or transfecting cells, either in primary culture or in the form of cell lines. It is also possible to carry out the introduction of the polynucleotides according to the invention in vivo, for the prevention or treatment of pathologies associated with lipodystrophy, diabetes or obesity, such as the pathologies listed in the “SUMMARY” section of this document. description.
- a person skilled in the art may advantageously refer to different techniques, such as the calcium phosphate precipitation technique (Graham et al., 1973; Chen et al., 1987), DEAE Dextran (Gopal, 1985), electroporation (Tur-Kaspa, 1896; Potter et al., 1984), direct microinjection (Hariand et al., 1985), Liposomes loaded with DNA (Nicolau et al., 1982, Fraley et al., 1979).
- the polynucleotide Once the polynucleotide has been introduced into the host cell, it can be stably integrated into the genome of the cell. Integration can be carried out at a specific location in the genome, by homologous recombination, or can be integrated at random. In certain embodiments, the polynucleotide can be maintained stably in the host cell in the form of an episome fragment, the episome comprising sequences allowing the maintenance and the replication of the latter, either independently, either synchronized with the cell cycle.
- a method for introducing a polynucleotide according to the invention into a host cell comprises a step during which a preparation comprising a vector is introduced pharmaceutically compatible and a “naked” polynucleotide according to the invention, placed under the control of appropriate regulatory sequences, by local injection into the chosen tissue, for example smooth muscle tissue, the “naked” polynucleotide being absorbed by the cells of this fabric.
- compositions for in vitro and in vivo use comprising “naked” polynucleotides are for example described in PCT application No. WO 95/11307 (Institut Pasteur, Inserm, University of Ottawa) as well as in the articles by Tacson and al. (1996) and de Huygen et al. (1996).
- composition for the in vivo production of the CGL1 polypeptide there is provided a composition for the in vivo production of the CGL1 polypeptide.
- composition comprises a polynucleotide coding for the CGL1 polypeptide placed under the control of appropriate regulatory sequences, in solution in a physiologically acceptable vector.
- the amount of vector that is injected into the chosen host organism varies depending on the site of the injection. As an indication, it can be injected between approximately 0.1 and approximately 100 ⁇ g of the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide CGL1 in the body of an animal, preferably a patient likely to develop lipodystrophy, diabetes or obesity, in particular CGL syndrome, or having already developed this disease.
- the subject of the invention is also the use of a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide or the use of a recombinant vector comprising such a nucleic acid for the manufacture of a medicament intended for the prevention or treatment of lipodystrophy, and preferably congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), or even Lawrence syndrome or obesity.
- the invention also relates to the use of a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide or the use of a recombinant vector comprising such a nucleic acid for the manufacture of a medicament intended for the prevention or treatment of a diabetes, obesity, or insulin resistance syndrome.
- the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition intended for the prevention or treatment of lipodystrophy, preferably congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), or even Lawrence syndrome or obesity, comprising a nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide CGL1, or comprising a recombinant vector comprising such a nucleic acid, in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- a pharmaceutical composition intended for the prevention or treatment of lipodystrophy, preferably congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), or even Lawrence syndrome or obesity, comprising a nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide CGL1, or comprising a recombinant vector comprising such a nucleic acid, in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of diabetes or insulin resistance syndrome, comprising a nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide.
- CGL1 or comprising a recombinant vector comprising such a nucleic acid, in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- Vectors useful in somatic gene therapy methods and compositions containing such vectors also relates to a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of the pathologies listed in the “SUMMARY” section, in particular the pathologies associated with lipodystrophy, diabetes or obesity. It offers an advantageous solution to the drawbacks of the prior art, by demonstrating the possibility of treating the pathologies associated with lipodystrophy or with diabetes, in particular congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) by gene therapy, by transfer and expression. in vivo of a gene coding for the CGLL polypeptide
- Gene therapy consists of correcting a deficiency or an anomaly (mutation, aberrant expression, etc.) or ensuring the expression of a protein of therapeutic interest by introducing genetic information into the affected cell or organ.
- This genetic information can be introduced either ex vivo in a cell extracted from the organ, the modified cell then being reintroduced into the organism, or directly in vivo in the appropriate tissue.
- different techniques exist, among which various transfection techniques involving complexes of DNA and DEAE-dextran (Pagano et al., J. Virol.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of pathologies associated with a mutation or a deficit in the expression of the CGL1 gene, preferably the pathologies listed in the “SUMMARY” part of this description, more particularly the pathologies associated with CGL, consisting in transferring and expressing in vivo genes coding for CGL1.
- the present invention also results from the demonstration that adenoviruses constitute particularly efficient vectors for the transfer and expression of a nucleic acid encoding the CGLL polypeptide.
- the present invention shows that the use of recombinant adenoviruses as vectors makes it possible to obtain sufficiently high expression levels of this gene to produce the desired therapeutic effect.
- Other viral vectors such as retroviruses or adeno-associated viruses (AAV) allowing stable expression of the gene are also objects of the invention.
- AAV adeno-associated viruses
- the invention therefore also relates to a defective recombinant virus comprising a nucleic acid coding for the CGL1 polypeptide involved in CGL syndrome.
- the invention also relates to the use of such a defective recombinant virus for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition intended for the treatment and / or prevention of diseases exhibiting lipodystrophy, diabetes, Lawrence syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance syndrome.
- the present invention also relates to the use of cells genetically modified ex vivo by a virus as described above, or of cells producing such viruses, implanted in the organism, allowing prolonged and efficient expression in vivo of the CGLL polypeptide.
- a DNA sequence coding for the CGL1 polypeptide into a viral vector, and that these vectors make it possible to efficiently express a mature, biologically active form.
- the invention shows that the in vivo expression of the CGL1 polypeptide can be obtained by direct administration of an adenovirus or by implantation of a producer or genetically modified cell by an adenovirus or by a retrovirus incorporating such a DNA.
- the present invention is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to induce a controlled expression and without harmful effect of CGL1 in organs which are not normally concerned with the expression of this protein.
- a significant release of the CGL1 polypeptide is obtained by implantation of cells producing vectors of the invention, or infected ex vivo with vectors of the invention.
- the nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide can be a cDNA, a genomic DNA (gDNA), a RNA (in the case of retroviruses) or a hybrid construct consisting for example of a cDNA in which one or more introns would be inserted. They can also be synthetic or semi-synthetic sequences. Particularly advantageously, a cDNA or a gDNA is used. In particular, the use of a gDNA allows better expression in human cells. To allow their incorporation into a viral vector according to the invention, these sequences are advantageously modified, for example by site-directed mutagenesis, in particular for the insertion of suitable restriction sites.
- the nucleic acid coding for a polypeptide coded by a gene orthologous to the cgl1 gene can originate from another mammal, for example from the mouse.
- use will preferably be made of the nucleic acids described in the GenBank database under the access numbers AF069954, AB041588 and AB030196 or the genomic sequence.
- a derivative of the CGL1 polypeptide comprises for example any sequence obtained by mutation, deletion and / or addition with respect to the native sequence, and coding for a product. retaining the preventive or curative activity of the CGL.
- derivatives are in particular molecules having a greater affinity for their binding sites, molecules exhibiting greater resistance to proteases, molecules having greater therapeutic efficacy or less side effects, or possibly new biological properties.
- the derivatives also include the modified DNA sequences allowing improved expression in vivo.
- the present invention relates to a defective recombinant virus comprising a cDNA sequence coding for the CGL1 polypeptide.
- the DNA sequence is a gDNA sequence.
- the vectors of the invention can be prepared from different types of virus.
- vectors derived from adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses (AAV), viruses of herpes (HSV) or retroviruses It is very particularly advantageous to use an adenovirus, for direct administration or for the ex vivo modification of cells intended to be implanted, or a retrovirus, for the implantation of producer cells.
- the viruses according to the invention are defective, that is to say that they are unable to replicate autonomously in the target cell.
- the genome of the defective viruses used in the context of the present invention is therefore devoid of at least the sequences necessary for the replication of said virus in the infected cell.
- the defective virus nevertheless retains the sequences of its genome which are necessary for the packaging of the viral particles.
- adenoviruses various serotypes, whose structure and properties vary somewhat, have been characterized.
- serotypes it is preferred to use, in the context of the present invention, human adenoviruses of type 2 or 5 (Ad 2 or Ad 5) or adenoviruses of animal origin (see application WO94 / 26914).
- adenoviruses of animal origin which can be used in the context of the present invention, mention may be made of adenoviruses of canine, bovine, murine origin (example: Mav1, Beard et al., Virology 75 (1990) 81), ovine, porcine , avian or even simian (example: after-sales service).
- the adenovirus of animal origin is a canine adenovirus, more preferably a CAV2 adenovirus [Manhattan or A26 / 61 strain (ATCC VR-800) for example].
- adenoviruses of human or canine or mixed origin are used.
- the defective adenoviruses of the invention comprise ITRs, a sequence allowing the packaging and the sequence coding for the CGLL polypeptide.
- at least the region E1 is made non-functional.
- the E1 gene and at least one of the E2, E4, L1-L5 genes are non-functional.
- the viral gene considered can be made non-functional by any technique known to those skilled in the art, and in particular by total suppression, substitution, partial deletion, or addition of one or more bases in the gene or genes considered.
- the adenovirus according to the invention comprises a deletion in the E1 and E4 regions and the sequence coding for the CGL1 polypeptide is inserted at the level of the inactivated E1 region.
- the defective recombinant adenoviruses according to the invention can be prepared by any technique known to those skilled in the art (Levrero et al., Gene 101 (1991) 195, EP 185 573; Graham, EMBO J. 3 (1984) 2917). In particular, they can be prepared by homologous recombination between an adenovirus and a plasmid carrying a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide.
- the cell line used must preferably (i) be transformable by said elements, and (ii), contain the sequences capable of complementing the part of the genome of the defective adenovirus, preferably in integrated form to avoid the risks of recombination.
- a line we can mention the human embryonic kidney line 293 (Graham et al., J. Gen. Virol. 36 (1977) 59) which contains in particular, integrated into its genome, the left part of the genome of an Ad5 adenovirus (12%) or lines capable of complementing the functions E1 and E4 as described in particular in applications No. WO 94/26914 and WO95 / 02697.
- the adenoviruses which have multiplied are recovered and purified according to conventional techniques of molecular biology, as illustrated in the examples.
- AAV adeno-associated viruses
- the AAV genome has been cloned, sequenced and characterized. It comprises approximately 4,700 bases, and contains at each end an inverted repeat region (ITR) of approximately 145 bases, serving as the replication source for the virus.
- ITR inverted repeat region
- the rest of the genome is divided into 2 essential regions carrying the packaging functions: the left part of the genome, which contains the rep gene involved in viral replication and the expression of viral genes; the right part of the genome, which contains the cap gene coding for the capsid proteins of the virus.
- the defective recombinant AAVs according to the invention can be prepared by co-transfection, in a cell line infected with a human helper virus (for example an adenovirus), of a plasmid containing the sequence coding for the CGL1 polypeptide bordered by two inverted repeat regions (ITR) from AAV, and a plasmid carrying the packaging genes (rep and cap genes) from AAV.
- a human helper virus for example an adenovirus
- ITR inverted repeat regions
- rep and cap genes packaging genes
- retroviruses are integrative viruses, infecting dividing cells.
- the genome of retroviruses essentially comprises two LTRs, an encapsidation sequence and three coding regions (gag, pol and env).
- the gag, pol and env genes are generally deleted, in whole or in part, and replaced by a heterologous nucleic acid sequence of interest.
- These vectors can be produced from different types of retroviruses such as in particular MoMuLV ("murine moloney leukemia virus”; also designated MoMLV), MSV ("murine moloney sarcoma virus”), HaSV ("harvey sarcoma virus”) ; SNV ("spleen necrosis virus”); RSV ("rous sarcoma virus”) or the Friend virus.
- MoMuLV murine moloney leukemia virus
- MSV murine moloney sarcoma virus
- HaSV human moloney sarcoma virus
- SNV spleen necrosis virus
- RSV rous sarcoma virus
- Friend virus Friend virus
- a plasmid comprising in particular the LTRs, the packaging sequence and said coding sequence is generally constructed, then used for transfect a cell line known as packaging, capable of providing trans deficient retroviral functions in the plasmid.
- packaging lines are therefore capable of expressing the gag, pol and env genes.
- packaging lines have been described in the prior art, and in particular the line PA317 (US4,861,719); the PsiCRIP line (WO90 / 02806) and the GP + envAm-12 line (WO89 / 07150).
- the recombinant retroviruses may include modifications at the level of the LTRs to suppress transcriptional activity, as well as extended packaging sequences, comprising a part of the gag gene (Bender et al., J. Virol. 61 (1987) 1639).
- the recombinant retroviruses produced are then purified by conventional techniques.
- adenoviral vectors according to the invention are particularly advantageous for direct administration in vivo of a purified suspension, or for the ex vivo transformation of cells, in particular autologous, with a view to their implantation.
- the adenoviral vectors according to the invention also have significant advantages, such as in particular their very high infection efficiency, making it possible to carry out infections from small volumes of viral suspension.
- a line producing retroviral vectors containing the sequence coding for the CGL1 polypeptide is used for implantation in vivo.
- the lines which can be used for this purpose are in particular the cells PA317 (US4,861,719), PsiCrip (WO90 / 02806) and GP + envAm-12 (US5,278,056), modified to allow the production of a retrovirus containing a nucleic sequence coding for CGL1 polypeptide according to the invention.
- totipotent stem cells, precursors of blood cell lines can be removed and isolated from the subject.
- These cultured cells can then be transfected with the retroviral vector containing the sequence coding for the CGL1 polypeptide under the control of viral, non-viral, non-viral and macrophage-specific promoters or even under the control of its own promoter.
- the sequence coding for the CGL1 polypeptide is placed under the control of signals allowing its expression in the infected cells.
- They may be homologous or heterologous expression signals, that is to say signals different from those naturally responsible for the expression of the CGLL II polypeptide.
- They may in particular be sequences responsible for the expression of other proteins, or synthetic sequences.
- they may be sequences of eukaryotic or viral genes or derived sequences, stimulating or repressing the transcription of a gene in a specific way or not and in an inducible way or not.
- they may be promoter sequences originating from the genome of the cell which it is desired to infect, or from the genome of a virus, and in particular, the promoters of the E1A, MLP genes of adenovirus, the CMV promoter, LTR-RSV, etc.
- eukaryotic promoters include ubiquitous promoters (HPRT, vimentin, -actin, tubulin, etc.), promoters of intermediate filaments (desmin, neurofilaments, keratin, GFAP, etc.) promoters of therapeutic genes (MDR type, CFTR, factor VIII, etc.) tissue specific promoters (pyruvate kinase, villin, promoter of the intestinal fatty acid binding protein, promoter of actin ⁇ of smooth muscle cells, specific promoters for the liver; Apo A1, Apo AH, Human albumin, etc.) or promoters responding to a stimulus (steroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptor, etc.).
- HPRT ubiquitous promoters
- promoters of intermediate filaments include vermin, neurofilaments, keratin, GFAP, etc.
- promoters of therapeutic genes MDR type, CFTR, factor VIII, etc.
- tissue specific promoters pyruvate kinase, villin,
- sequences expression can be modified by adding activation sequences, regulation, etc.
- the inserted gene when it does not contain expression sequences, it can be inserted into the genome of the defective virus downstream of such a sequence.
- the invention relates to a defective recombinant virus comprising a nucleic sequence coding for the CGL1 polypeptide under the control of a promoter chosen from LTR-RSV or the early promoter of CMV.
- the present invention also relates to any use of a virus as described above for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition intended for the treatment and / or prevention of pathologies presenting lipodystrophy or diabetes.
- the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more defective recombinant viruses as described above.
- These pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated for topical, oral, parenteral, intranasal, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraocular, transdermal, etc. administration.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention contain a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle for an injectable formulation, in particular for an intravenous injection, such as for example in the patient's portal vein.
- injectable formulation in particular for an intravenous injection, such as for example in the patient's portal vein.
- They may in particular be sterile, isotonic solutions, or dry compositions, in particular lyophilized, which, by addition as appropriate of sterilized water or physiological saline, allow the constitution of injectable solutes.
- Direct injection into the patient's portal vein is advantageous because it makes it possible to target the infection in the liver and thus to concentrate the therapeutic effect in this organ.
- the doses of defective recombinant virus used for injection can be adapted as a function of various parameters, and in particular as a function of the viral vector, of the mode of administration used, of the pathology concerned or also of the duration of the treatment sought.
- the recombinant adenoviruses according to the invention are formulated and administered in the form of doses of between 10 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ 4 pfu / ml, and preferably 10 ⁇ to 1 ⁇ 0 pfu / ml.
- pfu plaque forming unit
- plaque forming unit corresponds to the infectious power of a virus solution, and is determined by infection of an appropriate cell culture, and measures, generally after 48 hours, the number of plaques of infected cells.
- the techniques for determining the pfu titer of a viral solution are well documented in the literature.
- compositions according to the invention can directly comprise the producer cells, with a view to their implantation.
- another subject of the invention relates to any mammalian cell infected with one or more defective recombinant viruses as described above. More particularly, the invention relates to any population of human cells infected with these viruses. They may in particular be cells of blood origin (totipotent stem cells or precursors), fibroblasts, myoblasts, hepatocytes, keratinocytes, smooth and endothelial muscle cells, glial cells, etc.
- the cells according to the invention can come from primary cultures. These can be removed by any technique known to those skilled in the art, then cultured under conditions allowing their proliferation. As regards more particularly fibroblasts, these can be easily obtained from biopsies, for example according to the technique described by Ham [Methods Cell.Biol. 21a (1980) 255]. These cells can be used directly for infection by viruses, or stored, for example by freezing, for the establishment of autologous banks, for later use. The cells according to the invention can also be secondary cultures, obtained for example from pre-established banks (see for example EP 228458, EP 289034, EP 400047, EP 456640).
- the cultured cells are then infected with the recombinant viruses, to give them the capacity to produce the CGL1 polypeptide.
- the infection is carried out in vitro according to techniques known to those skilled in the art. In particular, according to the type of cells used and the number of copies of virus per cell desired, a person skilled in the art can adapt the multiplicity of infection and possibly the number of infection cycles carried out. It is understood that these steps must be carried out under conditions of appropriate sterility when the cells are intended for administration in vivo.
- the doses of recombinant virus used for infection of the cells can be adapted by a person skilled in the art according to the aim sought.
- the conditions described above for administration in vivo can be applied to infection in vitro. For infection with retroviruses, it is also possible to co-cultivate the cells which it is desired to infect with cells producing the recombinant retroviruses according to the invention. This makes it possible to dispense with the purification of retroviruses.
- Another subject of the invention relates to an implant comprising mammalian cells infected with one or more defective recombinant viruses as described above or cells producing recombinant viruses, and an extracellular matrix.
- the implants according to the invention comprise 10 ⁇ to 10 0 cells. More preferably, they include 10 6 to 10 8 .
- the extracellular matrix comprises a gelling compound and optionally a support allowing the anchoring of the cells.
- gelling agents are used for the inclusion of cells in a matrix having the constitution of a gel, and to promote the anchoring of the cells on the support, if necessary.
- Different cell adhesion agents can therefore be used as gelling agents, such as in particular collagen, gelatin, glycosaminoglycans, fibronectin, lectins, etc.
- collagen is used. It can be collagen of human, bovine or murine origin. More preferably, type I collagen is used.
- compositions according to the invention advantageously comprise a support allowing the anchoring of the cells.
- anchoring designates any form of biological and / or chemical and / or physical interaction resulting in the adhesion and / or fixing of the cells on the support.
- the cells can either cover the support used, or penetrate inside this support, or both. It is preferred to use within the framework of the invention a solid, non-toxic and / or biocompatible support.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the present invention thus provides a very effective means for the treatment or prevention of pathologies associated with CGL, such as lipodystrophy or diabetes.
- this treatment can concern both humans and any animal such as sheep, cattle, domestic animals (dogs, cats, etc.), horses, fish, etc.
- the invention also relates to a recombinant host cell characterized in that it is transfected or transformed by an acid. nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide or a fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide, or alternatively by a recombinant vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide or a fragment of the CGLL polypeptide
- the preferred host cells according to the invention are for example the following: a) host cells prokaryotes: strains of Escherichia coli (strain DH5- ⁇ ), Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, or strains of species such as Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Staphylococus; b) eukaryotic host cells: HeLa cells (ATCC No.
- CCL2 Cv 1 cells
- COS cells ATCC No. CRL 1650
- Sf-9 cells ATCC No. CRL 1711
- CHO cells ATCC N ° CCL-61) or 3T3 cells (ATCC N ° CRL-6361).
- pituitary cells cells of the central nervous system, such as neuronal cells or even pre-adipocyte cells.
- a subject of the invention is also the use of a recombinant host cell as defined above for the manufacture of a medicament intended for the prevention or treatment of lipodystrophy, preferably congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL ).
- CGL congenital generalized lipodystrophy
- the invention also relates to the use of a recombinant host cell as defined above for the manufacture of a medicament intended for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.
- the subject of the invention is also a pharmaceutical composition intended for the prevention or treatment of lipodystrophy, preferably congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) comprising a recombinant host cell as defined above, in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients. It also relates to a pharmaceutical composition intended for the prevention or treatment of diabetes comprising a recombinant host cell as defined above, in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- CGL congenital generalized lipodystrophy
- the subject of the invention is also the CGL1 polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 1. It also relates to a fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide as described previously in the description.
- the preferred variants of the CGL1 polypeptide according to the invention are the polypeptides of amino acid sequences SEQ ID No. 2 to SEQ ID No. 10.
- the subject of the invention is also a polypeptide having at least 90%, advantageously at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%,
- the preferred fragments of the CGL1 polypeptide are the polypeptides of amino acid sequences SEQ ID No. 11 to SEQ ID No. 13.
- the invention also relates to the use of the CGL1 polypeptide for the manufacture of a medicament intended for the prevention or treatment of lipodystrophy, preferably congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL).
- CGL congenital generalized lipodystrophy
- the invention also relates to the use of the CGL1 polypeptide for the manufacture of a medicament intended for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.
- the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition intended for the prevention or treatment of a pathology linked to a mutation or a defect in expression of the gene encoding the CGL1 polypeptide, preferably a pathology listed in the "SUMMARY" part of the present description, including a lipodystrophy, preferably a congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), Lawrence syndrome or obesity comprising a CGL1 polypeptide in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition intended for the prevention or treatment of diabetes or insulin resistance syndrome comprising a CGL1 polypeptide in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- polypeptides according to the present invention are in an isolated or purified form.
- nucleic acids according to the present invention are in an isolated or purified form.
- compositions comprise a therapeutically effective amount of the CGL1 polypeptide, in particular of the CGL1 polypeptide of sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- Such pharmaceutical compositions are advantageously suitable for the administration, for example parenterally, of an amount of CGL1 polypeptide ranging from 1 ⁇ g / kg / day to 10 mg / kg / day, preferably at least 0.01 mg / kg / day and very preferably between 0.01 and 1 mg / kg / day.
- the invention also relates to a process for the production of a CGL1 polypeptide or of a fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide or of a variant of the latter, said method comprising the steps of: a) inserting a nucleic acid encoding said polypeptide in an appropriate vector; b) cultivating, in an appropriate culture medium, a host cell previously transformed or transfected with the recombinant vector of step a); c) recovering the conditioned culture medium or lysing the host cell, for example by sonication or by osmotic shock; d) separating and purifying from said culture medium or from the cell lysates obtained in step c) said polypeptide; e) where appropriate, characterize the recombinant polypeptide produced.
- the peptides according to the invention can be characterized by attachment to an immunoaffinity chromatography column on which the antibodies directed against this polypeptide or against a fragment or a variant of the latter have been immobilized beforehand.
- a recombinant polypeptide according to the invention can be purified by passage through an appropriate series of chromatography columns, according to the methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in F. Ausubel et al (1989 ).
- a polypeptide according to the invention can also be prepared by conventional techniques of chemical synthesis either in homogeneous solution or solid phase.
- a polypeptide according to the invention may be prepared by the technique or in a homogeneous solution described by Houben Weyl (1974) or also the solid phase synthesis technique described by Merrifield (1965a; 1965b). Also part of the invention are so-called polypeptides.
- Such homologous polypeptides have amino acid sequences having one or more substitutions of an amino acid with an equivalent amino acid, relative to the reference polypeptides.
- the equivalent amino acid according to the present invention will be understood, for example replacement of a residue in the L form with a residue in the D form or alternatively the replacement of a glutamic acid (E) by a pyro-glutamic acid according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- E glutamic acid
- two amino acids belonging to the same class are also considered to be equivalent amino acids, that is to say two amino acids, basic, non-polar or even uncharged polar.
- polypeptides comprising at least one non-peptide bond such as a retro-inverso bond (NHCO), a carba bond (CH 2 CH 2 ) or even a ketomethylene bond (CO-CH 2 ).
- NHCO retro-inverso bond
- CH 2 CH 2 carba bond
- CO-CH 2 ketomethylene bond
- the polypeptides according to the invention comprising one or more additions, deletions, substitutions of at least one amino acid will retain their capacity to be recognized by antibodies directed against the unmodified polypeptides.
- Fragments of the CGL1 polypeptide in particular the polypeptides of sequences SEQ ID No 11 to SEQ ID No 13, as well as variants of the CGL1 polypeptide, more particularly the polypeptides of amino acid sequences SEQ ID No 2 to SEQ ID N ° 10, as well as the homologous peptides can be used for the preparation of antibodies, in particular in order to detect the production of normal form or on the contrary of mutated form of the CGL1 polypeptide in a patient.
- preferred antibodies according to the invention are the antibodies directed against the polypeptides of sequences SEQ ID No. 11 to SEQ ID No. 13.
- the preferred antibodies are the antibodies directed against the polypeptides of sequences SEQ ID No. 2 to SEQ ID No. 10.
- the antibodies intended to detect the presence of a mutated CGL1 polypeptide are antibodies directed against the mutated regions of the CGL1 polypeptide, as described in detail above in the description, and more specifically the C-terminal regions. mutated CGL1 peptides which are not found in the normal CGL1 polypeptide.
- the antibodies according to the invention are used for: - tissue and cellular localization of the CGL1 protein
- antibody within the meaning of the present invention, is meant in particular polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies or fragments (for example fragments F (ab) ' 2 , Fab) or any polypeptide comprising a domain of the initial antibody recognizing the polypeptide or the target polypeptide fragment according to the invention.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be prepared from hybridomas using the technique described by Kohler and Milstein (1975).
- the present invention also relates to antibodies directed against a polypeptide as described above or a fragment or a variant thereof, as produced in the trioma technique or also the hybridoma technique described by Kozbor et al. (1983).
- the invention also relates to fragments of single chain Fv antibody (ScFv) as described in US Patent No. 4,946,778 or by Martineau et al. (1998).
- the antibodies according to the invention also comprise fragments of antibodies obtained using phage banks Ridder et al., (1995) or also humanized antibodies Reinmann et al. (1997); Léger et al., (1997).
- the antibody preparations according to the invention are useful in immunological detection tests intended to identify the presence and / or the quantity of antigens present in a sample.
- An antibody according to the invention may also comprise an detectable isotopic or non-isotopic marker, for example fluorescent or also be coupled to a molecule such as biotin, according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- a subject of the invention is also a method for detecting the presence of a normal or mutated CGL1 polypeptide in a sample, said method comprising the following steps: a) bringing an antibody as defined above into contact with the sample to test; b) detecting the polypeptide-antibody complexes possibly formed.
- the invention also relates to a kit or kit for the detection of a normal or mutated CGL1 polypeptide in a sample, said kit or kit comprising: a) an antibody as defined above; b) where appropriate, the reagents necessary for the detection of the polypeptide-antibody complexes possibly formed.
- the subject of the invention is also the use of a nucleic acid coding for the CGL1 polypeptide, a recombinant vector containing such a nucleic acid or a recombinant host cell as defined above for the manufacture of a medicament.
- the invention also relates to the use of the CGL1 polypeptide or a fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide for the manufacture of a medicament intended for the prevention, or treatment of a pathology linked to a mutation or a defect in the expression of the gene encoding the CGL1 polypeptide, preferably of a pathology listed in the “SUMMARY” part of this description, including lipodystrophy or diabetes as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising a CGL1 polypeptide or a fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide, in association with one or more physiologically compatible excipients.
- the subject of the invention is also a method of preventive or curative therapeutic treatment of diseases associated with lipodystrophy, preferentially to congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), such a method comprising a step during which is administered to a patient a nucleic acid capable of modifying the expression of the CGL1 polypeptide in said patient, said nucleic acid being, where appropriate, associated with one or more physiologically compatible vehicles and / or excipients.
- CGL congenital generalized lipodystrophy
- the patient will be administered a pharmaceutical composition comprising a nucleic acid, as defined in the present description.
- the invention also relates to a method of preventive or curative therapeutic treatment of diseases associated with lipodystrophy, preferentially generalized or congenital lipodystrophy (CGL), or with diabetes, such a method comprising a step during which is administered to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of the CGL1 polypeptide in said patient, said polypeptide being, where appropriate, associated with one or more physiologically compatible vehicles and / or excipients.
- CGL congenital lipodystrophy
- the demonstration according to the invention of the fact that the cgl1 gene is a causal gene of CGL makes it possible to develop screening methods for candidate compounds of therapeutic interest in order to prevent or treat a pathology linked to a mutation or to a defect in the expression of the gene coding for the CGL1 polypeptide, including lipodystrophy in particular CGL or diabetes.
- the CGL1 polypeptide constitutes a polypeptide target of compounds of therapeutic interest preventive or curative of pathologies associated with CGL.
- ligand means a molecule, such as a protein, a peptide, an antibody or any synthetic chemical compound capable of binding to the CGL1 polypeptide or one of its fragments.
- a biological sample or a structurally defined molecule to be tested is brought into contact with the purified CGL1 polypeptide, for example the purified recombinant CGL1 polypeptide produced by a recombinant host cell as defined in the present description, in order to form a complex between the CGL1 polypeptide or a fragment thereof and the putative ligand that constitutes the candidate compound to be tested.
- the purified CGL1 polypeptide for example the purified recombinant CGL1 polypeptide produced by a recombinant host cell as defined in the present description
- microdialysis techniques coupled to HPLC will be used. described by WANG et al. (1997) or the capillary electrophoresis technique described by BUSH et al. (1997).
- candidate compounds which may be peptides, fatty acids, lipoproteins or small molecules that interact with the CGL1 polypeptide, or a fragment of this polypeptide
- a detectable marker such as a fluorescent, radioactive or enzymatic marker
- CGL1 or a fragment thereof can also be screened using techniques using an optical biosensor such as those described by Edwards and Leatherbarrow (1997) or also by SZABO et al. (1995).
- the invention therefore also relates to a method for screening a candidate compound interacting with the CGL1 polypeptide or with a fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) bringing the candidate compound into contact with the CGL1 polypeptide or the fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide; b) detecting the complexes possibly formed between the CGL1 polypeptide or the fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide, on the one hand, and the candidate compound, on the other hand.
- the invention also relates to a kit or kit for screening a candidate compound interacting with the CGL1 polypeptide or with a fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide, characterized in that it comprises: a) a CGL1 polypeptide or a fragment of the polypeptide CGL1; b) where appropriate, the reagents necessary for the detection of the complexes possibly formed between the CGL1 polypeptide or the fragment of the CGL1 polypeptide, on the one hand, and the candidate compound, on the other hand.
- Another object of the invention consists in a method for screening a candidate compound modulating the expression of the cgl1 gene, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) cultivating a host cell expressing, naturally or after genetic recombination, the cgll gene; b) bringing the host cell cultivated in step a) into contact with a candidate compound to be tested: c) determining the capacity of the candidate compound to modulate the expression of the cgl1 gene by the host cell.
- step c) consists of a step of quantifying the expression of the cgl1 gene by the host cell.
- the quantification of the expression of the cgl1 gene can be carried out either by quantification of the cgl1 messenger RNA produced or by quantification of the CGL1 polypeptide produced.
- antibodies can be used as defined above in the description in order to quantify the quantities of CGL1 polypeptides which have been produced, for example using an enzyme immunoassay or by immunoradioactivity.
- the present invention also relates to a method for screening candidate compounds capable of increasing, or on the contrary decreasing, the level of expression of the cgl1 gene.
- a process allows those skilled in the art to select compounds having a regulatory effect on the level of expression of the cgll gene, a compound potentially useful as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical compositions for treating patients predisposed or suffering from lipodystrophy, preferably lipodystrophy generalized or congenital (CGL) or diabetes.
- lipodystrophy preferably lipodystrophy generalized or congenital (CGL) or diabetes.
- Quantitative analysis of the expression of the cgl1 gene can be performed using templates or "DNA chips" which can contain a plurality of nucleic acids derived from the cgl1 gene or the corresponding cDNA.
- the quantitative analysis of the expression of the cgl1 gene can be carried out using a DNA chip such as that described by SCHENA et al. (1995 and 1996).
- the subject of the invention is also a kit or kit for the screening of a candidate compound modulating the expression of the cgl1 gene, characterized in that it comprises: a) a host cell expressing, naturally or after genetic recombination , the cgll gene; b) where appropriate, the means necessary for determining the capacity of the candidate compound to modulate the expression of the candidate cgl1 gene to modulate the expression of the cgl1 gene by the host cell.
- the means necessary for determining the capacity of the candidate compound to modulate the expression of the cgl1 gene by the host cell are one or more probes specific for the cgl1 gene, more specifically the probes as defined previously in the description.
- the invention also relates to two types of transgenic animal models, respectively a model for inactivation of the orthologous cgll gene in animals, and a model allowing controlled overexpression of the cgll gene in animals. These two models of transgenic animals are useful in particular for the screening of candidate compounds of therapeutic interest.
- candidate compounds modulating the expression of a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide according to the invention can be identified in vivo, in non-human transgenic animals.
- a candidate compound of interest according to the invention consists of a compound which increases the level of expression of a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide.
- transgenic animal within the meaning of the invention is meant a non-human animal, preferably a mammal, in which one or more cells contain a heterologous nucleic acid introduced by human intervention, such as by transgenic techniques. well known to those skilled in the art.
- the heterologous nucleic acid is introduced directly or indirectly into the cell or the precursor of the cell, by genetic manipulation such as microinjection or infection with a recombinant virus.
- the heterologous nucleic acid may be integrated into the chromosome, or may be in the form of DNA replicating extra-chromosomally.
- a transgenic animal comprises, in a form artificially inserted into its genome, a nucleic acid coding for a CGL1 polypeptide as defined previously in the description.
- a transgenic animal according to the invention comprises, in a form artificially inserted into its genome, a nucleic acid inserted in place of the orthologous gene of cgll and blocking the production of the corresponding polypeptide.
- the invention relates to a non-human transgenic animal whose somatic cells or somatic cells and germ cells have been transformed by a nucleic acid, in a targeted manner, and in the genome of which said nucleic acid is inserted so as to inactivate the corresponding gene. to cgll, in said transgenic animal.
- the gene corresponding to cgl1 is inactivated by the partial or total replacement of its sequence by said exogenous nucleic acid. In the event of partial replacement of the sequence of the gene corresponding to cgl1, this gene is inactivated by interruption of its sequence by the sequence of said exogenous nucleic acid.
- the inactivated target gene no longer expresses itself, or expresses itself by producing an inactive polypeptide.
- Targeted insertion of exogenous nucleic acid is carried out by homologous recombination, according to bine techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- a polynucleotide construct comprising the CGL1 gene modified to prevent production of the CGL1 polypeptide is specifically inserted in place of the endogenous homologous gene by homologous recombination in the 129sv mouse embryonic stem cell line.
- the insertion of the polynucleotide construct is preferably carried out by electroporation, as described by Thomas et al. (1987, Cell, Vol51.503-512).
- the genomic sequence of a fragment including CGL1 was obtained from DNA of the mouse 129sv line, making it possible to define a strategy of inactivation and screening of embryonic stem cells having carried out homologous recombination.
- the introduction of the transgene will reproduce a deletion inducing a reading frame shift, already described in humans as causing generalized congenital lipodystrophy syndrome.
- the transfection, by the appropriate recombinant vector, of the embryonic stem cells and the injection into blastocysts are carried out.
- the screening of the clones and the genotyping of the animals are then carried out.
- Such a transgenic animal of the invention comprises, in a form artificially inserted into its genome, a nucleic acid coding for a CGL1 polypeptide as defined previously in the description.
- the nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide is inserted in a targeted manner into the genome of the animal, and even more preferentially this nucleic acid is inserted at the location where the gene orthologous to cgll is located in the genome of said animal, by homologous recombination, according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the CGL1 controlled overexpression model consists in creating a transgenic mouse by targeted insertion into its genome of a copy of the complete complementary DNA of CGL1
- This technique also uses the property of homologous recombination of cells embryonic strains of the mouse 129sv line. It consists in subcloning the complete complementary DNA of CGL1 downstream of a ubiquitous or tissue-specific mammalian promoter, into a vector containing positive and negative selection systems, as well as the sequence of a locus allowing a optimum expression of target complementary DNA. The rest of the technique is identical to that of gene knockout.
- This technique makes it possible to control the number of copies inserted into the genome of the transgenic animal and thus to obtain a large number of animals absolutely identical by the number of copies of the transgene.
- This makes it possible to overcome the problems encountered with the technique of random transgenesis, where it is difficult to compare the results of physiological experiments because of the variable number of copies of the transgene from one animal to another.
- the other advantage of this technique is the efficiency and the control of the expression of the transgene, because it is specifically inserted in an open chromatin locus where the transcription rate is high, and it is possible to determine the localization of its expression by a judicious choice of the promoter.
- the invention therefore also relates to a non-human transgenic animal whose somatic and / or germ cells have been transformed by a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide.
- the transcription of the CGL1 gene has been characterized by different techniques and a complete complementary DNA has been cloned into a mammalian expression vector to verify the integrity of the polypeptide derived from this complementary DNA.
- the subcloning of this complementary DNA into a "knock-in" vector with a ubiquitous promoter, the transfection of embryonic stem cells and the injection into a blastocyst are carried out.
- a non-human transgenic animal for example a mouse
- a candidate molecule or substance to be tested for example a candidate substance or molecule previously selected by an in vitro screening method as defined above.
- the level of expression of the nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide is determined and compared with the expression of this nucleic acid in an identical non-human transgenic animal, for example an identical transgenic mouse, which has no not received the candidate molecule or substance.
- the level of expression of the nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide can be determined by quantification of the corresponding messenger RNA produced by cells taken from animals or by detection and quantification of the CGL1 polypeptide produced in these cells, according to techniques known to those skilled in the art or described previously in the description. Measuring the levels of messenger RNA corresponding to the nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide by Northern type hybridization, or even by in situ hybridization.
- the measurement of the expression levels of the CGL1 polypeptide can be carried out by immunohistochemistry.
- non-human mammals such as mice, rats or guinea pigs are preferred. or rabbits which have their genome modified by the insertion of a polynucleotide construct comprising a nucleic acid according to the invention.
- the transgenic animals according to the invention comprise the transgene, that is to say the above-mentioned polynucleotide construct, in a plurality of their somatic and / or germ cells.
- the construction of transgenic animals according to the invention can be carried out according to conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will in particular be able to refer to the production of transgenic animals, and particularly to the production of transgenic mice, as described in US patents No. 4,873,191 (issued October 10, 1989), US No. 5,464,764 ( issued November 7, 1995) and US 5,789,215 (issued August 4, 199/8) the content of these documents being incorporated herein by reference.
- a polynucleotide construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide is inserted into an ES type stem cell line.
- the insertion of the polynucleotide construct is preferably carried out by electroporation, as described by Thomas et al. (1987, Cell, Vol. 51: 503-512).
- the cells which have undergone the electroporation step are then screened for the presence of the polynucleotide construct (for example by selection using markers, or by PCR or by analysis on DNA electrophoresis gel Southern blot) in order to select the positive cells which have integrated the exogenous polynucleotide construct into their genome, if appropriate following a homologous recombination event.
- a technique is for example described by MANSOUR et al. (1988, Nature, Vol. 336: 348-352).
- ES type cells are brought into contact with 2.5-day embryos at an 8-16 cell stage (morulae) as described by WOOD et al. (1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol.90: 4582-4585) or by NAGY et al. (1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 90: 8424-8428), the ES cells being internalized in order to colonize the blastocyst extensively, including the cells giving rise to the germ line.
- the transgenic animals are then tested to determine those who have integrated the polynucleotide construct (the transgene).
- the transgenic animals according to the invention are homozygous for the transgene.
- the invention therefore also relates to a non-human transgenic animal whose somatic and / or germ cells have been transformed by a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide.
- the invention also relates to a non-human transgenic animal whose somatic and / or germ cells have been transformed by a nucleic acid encoding a fragment or a variant of a CGL1 polypeptide, for example one of the CGL1 polypeptides mutates described previously in the description.
- Such transgenic animals are useful in particular for verifying the selectivity of the candidate compounds active on the non-mutated CGL1 polypeptide.
- the nucleic acid coding for the CGL1 polypeptide comprises a polynucleotide regulating transcription and / or translation under the control of which the coding region containing the open reading frame is placed, said polynucleotide being functional in the transgenic animal considered.
- the above regulatory polynucleotide contains sequences called activators "enhancers” allowing high level expression of the CGL1 polypeptide in the cells of the transgenic animal.
- the invention also relates to recombinant host cells obtained from a transgenic animal as described above.
- Recombinant cell lines from a transgenic animal according to the invention can be established in long-term culture from any tissue of such a transgenic animal, for example by transfection of primary cell cultures with vectors expressing oncogenes such as the large T antigen of SV40, as described for example by CHOU (1989, Mol. Endocrinol. Vol. 3: 1511-1514) and SCHAY et al. (1991, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, vol. 1072: 1-7).
- the invention also relates to a method for the in vivo screening of a molecule or of a candidate substance modulating the expression of a nucleic acid encoding the CGL1 polypeptide mutated or not mutated according to the invention, comprising the steps consisting at : a) administering the candidate substance or molecule to a transgenic animal as defined above; b) detecting the level of expression of the nucleic acid coding for the mutated or non-mutated CGL1 polypeptide; c) compare the results obtained in b) with the results obtained in a transgenic animal which has not received the candidate substance or molecule.
- the invention also relates to a method for the in vivo screening of a molecule or of a candidate substance modulating the expression or the activity of the CGL1 polypeptide using the two animal models of the invention, comprising the steps consisting in: a) Administering the substance or the candidate molecule to the transgenic animals corresponding to the models described above. b) Detecting the localization and the level of expression of the CGL1 polypeptide by means of the antibodies as defined in the invention, characterizing the clinical, biological and molecular phenotype of the model animals. c) Compare the results obtained with those obtained in an animal which has not received the candidate substance or molecule. Observe in particular a possible modification of the localization or the level of expression of the polypeptide, or a possible reversion of the phenotype.
- kits or necessary for the in vivo screening of a molecule or of a candidate substance modulating the expression or the activity of the CGL1 polypeptide comprising: a) a transgenic animal "knock in” or “knock out ”as defined above; b) where appropriate, the means for detecting the location or the level of expression of the CGL1 polypeptide.
- the animals used during the implementation of the above process are sacrificed at the end of this process, for example during a step d) of the process.
- the above method is a method of screening for candidate compounds, a small number of which are capable of exerting a measurable activity in the modulation of the expression of the nucleic acid encoding the CGLL polypeptide Ledit process does not in any way aim at the therapeutic treatment of animals used and can therefore in no way be assimilated to a therapeutic or surgical treatment process applied to the human or animal body.
- the invention also relates to a kit or kit for the in vivo screening of a candidate molecule or substance modulating the expression of a nucleic acid coding for the mutated or non-mutated CGL1 polypeptide, comprising: a) a transgenic animal such as defined above; b) where appropriate, the means for detecting the level of expression of the nucleic acid coding for the mutated or non-mutated CGL1 polypeptide.
- Genomic DNA was obtained from white peripheral blood cells using standard protocols (SAMBROOK et al., 1989).
- the genotyping of markers was carried out using the panel of microsatellite markers LMS II-MD2 (PERKIN Biosystems) and a DNA sequencer of type ABI 377 equipped with software GENESCAN 3.0 AND GENOTYPER (version 2.1, marketed by the company APPLIED BISYSTEMS) .
- LMS II-MD2 PERKIN Biosystems
- GENESCAN 3.0 AND GENOTYPER version 2.1, marketed by the company APPLIED BISYSTEMS
- new repeaters of CA type have been identified in the genomic sequences predicted to be located in the locus studied and tested for their polymorphism.
- the probable order of these markers on the chromosome was then determined using the panel of irradiation hybrids designated Stanford GB3 (STEWART, 1997).
- CGL exons were screened for mutations after amplification of seven fragments (exon 1, exon 2, exon3, exon 4, exons 5-6, exons 7-8 and exons 9-11).
- the sequence of these intronic primers can be obtained on request. In patients for whom only very small amounts of DNA were accessible (extracted from old pituitary tissue and sera), two amplifications were performed in one pass.
- the PCR products were purified on a column of the SEPHADEX type and sequenced using the “BIG DYE TERMINATOR” ABI technique.
- RNA was isolated from abdominal adipose tissue subcutaneous and visceral from the skin and colon after surgery, using the QUIAGEN kit. A Neosy maxi kit.
- RNA The total RNA (20 ⁇ g) was separated on a 1% agarose, 2.2 M formaldehyde / MOBS gel and transferred to a nylon membrane of Hybond-N type (Amersham). The membranes were hybridized with a probe of approximately 1700 bp covering exons 1 to 11 of the cgl1 gene including the starting AUG codon and the STOP codon. This probe was obtained by amplification of the total cDNA of the brain using the advantage kit 2 (CLONTECH) and the pair of primers (exon 1F: 5'-CCCC TGCAGTGGAGTCTGTA-3 'SEQ ID N ° 17; exon 11 R: 5'- AGTCAGGTGGGAAAGTGCTG-3 '(SEQ ID N ° 18).
- the PCR amplification conditions were as follows: 95 ° C for one minute, followed by 30 compound cycles of 95 ° C for 30 seconds, 65 ° C for 45 seconds and 72 ° C for 2 minutes, and a final step d extension at 72 ° C for 10 minutes.
- the identity of the probe was confirmed after a further amplification with 5 pairs of internal primers, then partial sequencing.
- the quantification of the signals was carried out using the Imager phosphor apparatus (Storm 860, Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) using the software Image Quant, Version 5.0.
- genomic sequences included in the chromosomal range of interest were sought in the sites "http // www.ncbi. nlm.gov/genome/central "and” httt // hgrep.ims.u- tokyo.ac.jp/ ".
- BLAST software available on the site "httt // www.ncbi. nlm.gov/cgi-bin/BLAST ”.
- Multiple alignments were carried out using the CLUSTAL software available on the site
- CGL2 a new locus was identified, designated CGL2 (designated CGL), within the range of approximately 8cM (DIB et al., 1996 bounded by the markers D11S4191 and D11S987 on chromosome 11q13 .
- the inventors have characterized twenty five additional microsatellite markers near the CGL locus in families, including twelve markers located in the critical interval D11S4191-D11S987.
- Lebanese families all affected individuals were homozygous for the same allele for nine contiguous markers within the D11S4076-PIGM interval, with some affected individuals who were heterozygous for end markers as well as another marker outside the interval ( Figure 2).
- the presence of a common carrier allele in the five Lebanese families revealed a "founding" effect in the Lebanese population, since the CGL-04 and CGL-05 families were not known to be related to the other families.
- inbreeding coefficient 0.00195 it was therefore possible that a second disease-related allele had been introduced, or that recombination events leading to a small homozygosity interval had remained undetected at this level of marker resolution.
- cgll is homologous to the murine gene Gng3lg (for “Gng3-linked gene, described by DOWNES et al., 1998), which resides in a conserved region between murine chromosome 19 and human chromosome 11q.
- the inventors have determined that the human gene, which covers at least 14 kb of genomic sequences, contains 11 exons.
- the open reading frame begins in exon 2 and the intron-exon junctions show strong similarity to the consensus 5 'and 3' splice site sequences.
- the amplification of these exons in patients of the CGL-16 family revealed the presence of a deletion including exons 4, 5 and 6 of the gene (del Ex4-6) (FIG. 4A).
- the CA10 marker could be located either in intron 4 or in a small region of intron3.
- the cgll gene has been sequenced in patients from all previously studied families. In addition, 27 patients were analyzed including 16 isolated patients and 11 patients from small families who had not been studied previously. Twelve alterations Different molecules were found among 41 patients from 22 families. These molecular alterations include a deletion of 258 bp (del E5-6) six small insertions and / or deletions less than 10 bp, and five substitutions of a single nucleotide ( Figure 4b and Table 2). Eleven of these mutations resulted in a change in reading frame, the introduction of an early STOP codon or could affect a sequence at a splicing site, all of the mutations being potentially null mutations.
- the chromosomes associated with the disease carried unique variants at or near the splicing site.
- the variant present in the Vietnamese family CGL-14 consists of a transition to the first base of intron 4 which belongs to a strictly conserved nucleotide consensus sequence for RNA (splicing donor site, HODGES et al., 1994) .
- the other variants affect a nucleotide located after the consensus sequence of each splice acceptor site (intron 4: third base before exon 5; CGL-40) or of the splice donor site (intron 6: 5th base; paternal allele CGL-12).
- Tissue specific expression of CGL1 was sought by hybridization of mRNA (Northern Blots and Dot Blot) using a probe covering exons 1 to 11. Analysis by “Northern Blot” revealed two species RNA of approximately 2.4 kb and approximately 1.8 kb expressed in a variable manner in all tissues, as well as an additional intermediate transcript of approximately 2 kb found as a single transcript in the brain and in association with the others transcribed in the testes ( Figure 5). Expression levels vary depending on the tissue, these levels being strong in the brain and testes, intermediate in adipose tissue (visceral and subcutaneous), pancreas, kidney, skeletal muscle, liver, ovary , prostate and heart and weak in the remaining tissue.
- the cgl1 gene codes for a protein of 398 amino acids with a calculated mass of 43.8 kD which has also been designated "SEIPIN”.
- amino acid sequence shows strong identity with the protein encoded by mouse Gng3lg (87% identity) and partial homology with a Drosophila melanogaster protein (40% identity between residues 22 and 257). Analysis did not reveal similarity with other known proteins
- the CGL1 protein is a membrane protein having at least two transmembrane domains (Figure 6).
- the numbering of the nucleotides begins at the nucleotide at position 345 of the sequence SEQ ID N ⁇ 4, this nucleotide being numbered 1 in the table.
- the patient of the CGL35 family is a composite heterozygote with deletion (258bp) / insertion (12bp) in exons 5-6.
- het composite heterozygote
- hom homozygote for the mutation, Por, Portuguese; Tur, of Turkish origin
- Vigouroux C. et al. Genetic exclusion of 14 candidate genes in lipoatropic diabetes using linkage analysis in 10 consanguineous families. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82, 3438-3444 (1997). • • Vigouroux, C. et al. Human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gamma2: genetic mapping, identification of a variant in the coding sequence, and exclusion as the gene responsible for diabetic lipoatrophy. Diabetes 47, 490-492 (1998). • Vigouroux, C. et al. Lamin AC gene: sex-determined expression of mutations in Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy and absence of coding mutations in congenital and acquired generalized lipoatrophy. Diabetes 49, 1958-1962 (2000).
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EP02740787A EP1404834A2 (fr) | 2001-05-04 | 2002-05-03 | Acide nucleique codant le polypeptide cgl1 et application de cet acide nucleique et du polypeptide cgl1 au diagnostic et en therapeutique |
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WO1998055614A2 (fr) * | 1997-06-04 | 1998-12-10 | Genetics Institute, Inc. | Proteines secretees et polynucleotides codant ces proteines |
WO2000055173A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-12 | 2000-09-21 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Sequences et polypeptides geniques associes au cancer des ovaires et du sein |
WO2001028532A2 (fr) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-26 | Kain Kevin C | Procedes et compositions pour prevoir, diagnostiquer et traiter la lipodystrophie |
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2001
- 2001-05-04 FR FR0106037A patent/FR2824332A1/fr active Pending
-
2002
- 2002-05-03 US US10/475,856 patent/US20050130916A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-05-03 WO PCT/FR2002/001541 patent/WO2002090545A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-05-03 EP EP02740787A patent/EP1404834A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1998055614A2 (fr) * | 1997-06-04 | 1998-12-10 | Genetics Institute, Inc. | Proteines secretees et polynucleotides codant ces proteines |
WO2000055173A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-12 | 2000-09-21 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Sequences et polypeptides geniques associes au cancer des ovaires et du sein |
WO2001028532A2 (fr) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-26 | Kain Kevin C | Procedes et compositions pour prevoir, diagnostiquer et traiter la lipodystrophie |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
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DATABASE EMBL [en ligne] 17 mars 2000 (2000-03-17) HATTORI M ET AL: "Homo sapiens genomic DNA, chromosome 11q13, clone:RP11-831H9, WORKING DRAFT SEQUENCE, 42 unordered pieces." Database accession no. AP001458 XP002192230 cité dans la demande * |
DATABASE EMBL [en ligne] 25 mars 2001 (2001-03-25) STRAUSBERG R: "Homo sapiens, Similar to G protein gamma 3 linked gene, clone MGC:4694 IMAGE:3533654, mRNA, complete cds." Database accession no. BC004911; Q9BSQ0 XP002192229 * |
DATABASE EMBL [en ligne] 4 août 1998 (1998-08-04) ANDERSSON B ET AL: "Homo sapiens clone 24733 mRNA sequence." Database accession no. AF052149 XP002192228 cité dans la demande * |
DOWNES GERALD B ET AL: "Structure and mapping of the G protein gamma3 subunit gene and a divergently transcribed novel gene, Gng3lg." GENOMICS, vol. 53, no. 2, 15 octobre 1998 (1998-10-15), pages 220-230, XP002192227 ISSN: 0888-7543 cité dans la demande -& DATABASE EMBL [en ligne] 19 novembre 1998 (1998-11-19) DOWNES G B ET AL: "Mus musculus Gng3lg mRNA, complete cds." Database accession no. AF069954; Q9Z2E9 XP002192231 * |
GARG ABHIMANYU ET AL: "A gene for congenital generalized lipodystrophy maps to human chromosome 9q34." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, vol. 84, no. 9, 1999, pages 3390-3394, XP001064146 ISSN: 0021-972X cité dans la demande * |
MAGRE JOCELYNE ET AL: "Identification of the gene altered in Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy on chromosome 11q13." NATURE GENETICS, vol. 28, no. 4, août 2001 (2001-08), pages 365-370, XP001149148 ISSN: 1061-4036 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20050130916A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
EP1404834A2 (fr) | 2004-04-07 |
FR2824332A1 (fr) | 2002-11-08 |
WO2002090545A9 (fr) | 2003-03-20 |
WO2002090545A3 (fr) | 2004-04-08 |
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