Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/655—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/65525—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a seven-(or more) membered ring
  • C07F9/65527—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a seven-(or more) membered ring condensed with carbocyclic rings or carbocyclic ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C07B41/00—Formation or introduction of functional groups containing oxygen
  • C07B41/02—Formation or introduction of functional groups containing oxygen of hydroxy or O-metal groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
  • C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
  • C07C29/143—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones
  • C07C29/145—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
  • C07F15/0046—Ruthenium compounds
  • C07F15/0053—Ruthenium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
  • C07F9/5027—Polyphosphines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
  • C07F9/53—Organo-phosphine oxides; Organo-phosphine thioxides
  • C07F9/5329—Polyphosphine oxides or thioxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
  • C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
  • C07B2200/11—Compounds covalently bound to a solid support

Definitions

• Form are important intermediates, for example for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients, crop protection agents, fragrances and liquid-crystalline substances.
• EP-A 718 265 discloses a process for the preparation of non-chiral and optically active alcohols, in which a carbonyl compound is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst, a base and an organic compound containing nitrogen.
• the homogeneous catalyst can e.g. are a ruthenium complex with phosphine ligands, the base is an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and the nitrogen-containing organic compound is an amine.
• Homogeneous catalysts are characterized by high selectivities and activities, which are comparable to corresponding heterogeneous catalysts. cannot be reached.
• a major advantage of the method according to the invention is that, due to the variety of chiral bisphosphines that are suitable for the construction of supported catalysts, a large number of different heterogeneous bisphosphine components can be made available in combination to achieve the optimal procedure for the respective substrate with the amine components of the catalyst system.
• Catalysts which contain supported bisphosphine ligands and which are suitable as precursors for the new catalysts used according to the invention are known or can be obtained analogously to the preparation of the known ones (see, for example, J. Org. Chem. 63, 3137 (1998), GB-A 96-19684, EP-A 496 699, EP-A 496 700, EP-A 728 768, J. Mol. Catal. A 107 (1-3), 273 (1996) and 13 * International Conference on Org Synth., Warsaw, July 1-5, 2000, Book of Abstracts, PB-4, p. 227).
• alcohols are advantageously obtained by reacting a carbonyl compound with hydrogen if the hydrogenation is carried out using a catalyst of the formula (I) in the presence of a base.
• Bisphosphine and diamine ligands contain.
• Inorganic materials e.g. Silica gels and organic materials, e.g. cross-linked polymers, in question.
• inorganic carriers are: silicates or metal oxides in powder form with an average particle size between 10 n and 2000 ⁇ m, preferably 10 nm and 500 ⁇ m. The particles can be both compact and porous, the inner surface in the latter case being between 1 and 1200 m 2 .
• oxide supports are SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , MgO, WO 3 , Al 2 O 3 , and called La ⁇ , for silicates, silica gels, clays, zeolites and porous glass (Controlled Pore Glass).
• Preferred carriers are silica gels and aluminum oxides.
• Crosslinked bead polymers for example by suspension polymerization with the addition of bifunctional ones, serve as organic supports for the catalyst
• Monomers can be obtained from styrene, acrylic or methacrylic acid esters or (meth) acrylamides.
• the supports In order to enable the bisphosphine ligands to be bound, the supports must contain reactive groups. For this come e.g. primary and secondary amino groups, hydroxyl, carboxyl and isocyanate groups and reactive halogen-containing groups such as benzylic chlorine or bromo (ar) alkyl.
• Such groups can already be used in the preparation of the bead polymer by using functional comonomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid (2-hydroxyethyl ester), acrylic acid (2-methyl-2-isocyanato-propyl ester) or by subsequent modification of the carrier , e.g. by chloromethylation of the crosslinked polystyrene bead polymer, to which further functionalization such as e.g. Saponification and polyether grafting.
• functional comonomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid (2-hydroxyethyl ester), acrylic acid (2-methyl-2-isocyanato-propyl ester) or by subsequent modification of the carrier , e.g. by chloromethylation of the crosslinked polystyrene bead polymer, to which further functionalization such as e.g. Saponification and polyether grafting.
• the preparation of such polymers with reactive groups is known.
• a spacer is advantageous, which may consist of an alkylene or aralkylene or an alkyleneoxy chain built-in ester, ether, amide, urethane or urea groups and comprises at least 6, preferably at least 12 atoms between the carrier and bisphosphine.
• the inorganic carriers - in particular silica gels - can be reacted with
• Silicic acid esters or chlorosilanes are modified in a manner known per se in order to introduce reactive groups suitable for the desired linkage, such as, for example, amino groups.
• reactive groups suitable for the desired linkage such as, for example, amino groups.
• Examples of compounds which can be considered for such a modification are 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, trichlorovinylsilane and 3-mer-captopropyl-trimethoxysilane.
• n stand for 0 - 2.
• reaction is carried out analogously to known modifications of silica gels with chlorosilanes or silica esters.
• chelating bisphosphines are used which contain functional groups which can generate a covalent bond with reactive groups on a suitable or suitably modified, insoluble support.
• (Co) polymerizable groups such as e.g. aromatic vinyl groups, (meth) acrylic acid ester or (meth) acrylamide groups.
• the linkage can be carried out both with appropriately functionalized bisphosphines and with the analog bisphosphine oxides.
• execution at the bisphosphine oxide level is mandatory to avoid side reactions.
• Atropisomeric bisphosphines which are suitable for linking and are particularly preferably used as building blocks for the catalysts of the invention, in particular in chiral uniform form.
• enantiomerically pure derivatives of 2,2'-bis (diarylphosphino) -l, -binaphthylene such as 5,5'-diamino-2,2'-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1, 1-binaphthyl which contain bondable functional groups and are enantiomerically pure.
• Modified carrier material and modified phosphines are then combined in such a way that the two components can form a chemical bond with one another.
• One component can contain, for example, COOH groups and the other component NH2 groups, which can react with one another to form —CO — NH bonds.
• various types of bonds can be realized, for example, in addition to -CO-NH-, also -CO-NR-, CO-O-, -O-, -OCONH-, -NH-CO-NH, -O- CO-NR- and -O-CO-O-.
• a particularly preferred linking method is to carry out a radical polymerization of a bisphosphine (oxide) which has a polymerizable group in the presence of a silica gel which contains SH groups.
• SH group-containing silica gels are known and are obtained by modifying base silica gels e.g. obtained by reaction with 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane under acidic catalysis.
• Bisphosphine (oxide) s with polymerizable groups are suitable for this embodiment of the production of the new catalysts for the process according to the invention, in particular the monomers M 1 which are also included in the invention and are described below in terms of the formula:
• R represents phenyl, 2- or 3- or 4-methylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl or cyclohexyl,
• R 1 represents hydrogen or methyl
• R 2 represents methyl, ethyl, n- or i-propyl, n- or i-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl or n-octyl,
• n stands for a number from 2 to 12
• n stands for zero or 1, preferably 1.
• Another preferred group of monomers is derived from new bisphosphine (oxides) of the formula M 2 , the preparation and further reactions of which are shown in Scheme 2.
• a in Scheme 2 stands for (R) - or (S) - (6,6'-dihydroxy-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl) bis (diphenylphosphine) or their bisphosphine oxides, preferably for the bisphosphine oxides.
• R is phenyl, 2- or 3- or 4-methylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-ditert. butylphenyl or cyclohexyl,
• R 1 ', R 1 and R 2 independently of one another for C ⁇ - to C8- (cyclo) alkyl with methyl
• R 3 stands for H or CH 3 , n for 1 or zero, m for 2-100, preferably 2-60.
• the polymerizable monomers M 5 and M 6 are each mixtures of diastereomers which, through the described link with correspondingly functional nalized carriers lead to valuable catalysts that are used in the inventive method.
• these mixtures can be prepared by known methods, e.g. by fractional crystallization or by chromatography, separated into the individual stereoisomers and converted into the corresponding catalysts.
• the bridged bisphosphine oxide of formula M is a valuable intermediate which can be converted by epoxidation or dihydroxylation into correspondingly functionalized derivatives which, after being linked to suitable carriers, e.g. Reactive resins containing amino or carboxyl groups lead to catalysts according to the invention.
• the bisphosphine oxides M9 and M 10 containing amino groups can be used in the same way. It may be advantageous to use the corresponding bisphosphines
• M 9 and MIO which are also encompassed by the invention, can be used for the linkage with appropriately functionalized carriers, because the monomeric bisphosphines which are accessible in a known manner by reduction with trichlorosilane can be used more flexibly than a phosphine fixed in a certain way.
• Bisphosphines bound to a support are then present.
• Ru (II) -phosphine complex catalysts of the formula (II) to be used according to the invention the phosphines bound to a support can be reacted with suitable Ru (II) complexes.
• the Ru (II) complexes include, for example, the complexes of the formula
• the catalyst of the formula (I), which is filtered off and washed out under protective gas, can be dried in vacuo and is stable in storage.
• the carbonyl compounds used for the process according to the invention are e.g. those of formula (N) in question
• R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen, overall radkettiges or branched C ⁇ -C 12 alkyl, C 2 -C 12 - alkenyl or C 2 -C ⁇ 2 - alkynyl, C 2 -Cg- Cycloalkyl, for Cg-C ⁇ aryl or for C4-C1 i-heteroaryl each having 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms from the group ⁇ , O or S.
• Alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl radicals can optionally be substituted with halogen, hydroxy, Di-Cg-Cio arylamino, -C-C ⁇ 2 alkoxy, C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 alkoxycarbonyl, amide and or urethane groups may be substituted, for example up to 3 identical or different
• Aryl and heteroaryl radicals can optionally with C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, di-C r C 2 -alkylamino-C ⁇ -C ⁇ -alkyl-, halogen-C ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 alkyl, hydroxy-Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl- , C 2 -C ⁇ 2 - alkenyl, C 2 -C 12 - alkynyl, halogen, C ⁇ -C12 alkoxy, halo-C ⁇ -C 12 alkoxy,
• C6-C 10 aralkoxy, hydroxy, carboxyl, C 12 alkoxycarbonyl, amide and / or Urethane groups may be substituted, for example up to 3 identical or different substituents may be present.
• alkyl groups are preferably Ci-Cg-alkyl groups.
• alkenyl and alkynyl groups in combined radicals preferably C 2 -C_t alkenyl or C 2 -C4- alkynyl groups.
• the cycloalkyl groups are preferably C4-C7 cycloalkyl groups.
• the aryl groups including those in combined radicals, are preferably CO-Ci Q aryl groups, and the heteroaryl groups are preferably those which contain 5 to 9 ring C atoms.
• the alkoxy groups in combined radicals are preferably C i -C ß -alkoxy groups.
• Halogen in combined residues is preferably fluorine or chlorine.
• Particularly preferred alkyl groups are:
• aryl groups are: phenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 2-isopropylphenyl, 2-tert-butylphenyl,
• 3-pentylphenyl 4-isobutylphenyl, 2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2- (2-dimethylaminoethyl) -phenyl, 2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) phenyl, 3-ninyl ⁇ henyl, 4- (propynyl-l) -phenyl, 4-benzylphenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 4-benzyloxyphenyl, 1-aphthyl, 2-naphthyl and 2-indenyl.
• Particularly preferred hetaryl groups are:
• Particularly preferred cyclo-C 4 -C 2 alkyl ketones are:
• hydroxides or alcoholates of alkali metals or quaternary ammonium hydroxides can be used as bases.
• bases are in particular lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxides, lithium, sodium or potassium C 1 -C 4 -alkyl alcoholates or tetra-Ci-
• Ru (D) can form a chelate complex.
• Examples include: 1,2-slide minoethane, 1,2- and 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,2-diaminobutane, 2,3-diaminobutane, 2,3-diaminopentane, 1,2-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane, 1,2-diaminocyclopentane, 1 , 2-diaminocyclohexane, 1, 2-diamino-methyl-cyclohexane, 1 - amino-2-N-methylamino-ethane and l-amino-1-methyl-2-N-methylaminocyclohexane.
• Preferred, optically active amines for the preparation of the supported catalysts of the formula (I) are chirally uniform diamines, in particular those which are derived from 1,2-diaminoethane and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane and, if appropriate, d-Cs-alkyl, C 4 -C 8 -CycloaIkyl-, Ce- o-aryl- - -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl and / or optionally substituted by d-Cs-alkyl and / or -CC 8 alkoxy
• C ö -Cio aryl groups can contain as substituents.
• the diamines of the formulas (III) and (TVa-c) are particularly preferred for the preparation of the new catalysts of the formula (I):
• optically active alcohols For the production of optically active alcohols according to the invention, these optically active amines can be used both as (S, S), (R, R), (R) or (S) stereoisomers. These stereoisomers can be prepared in a known manner or analogously thereto (see, for example, Tetrahedron, Lett. 34 (12), 1905 (1993). Which optically active amine in which form in combination with a particular catalyst to be used according to the invention in the preparation according to the invention of a particular optically optimal alcohol results, if desired, can be determined by routine series tests according to the "in situ" variant of the ner process.
• the batchwise procedure e.g. in a stirred autoclave, the amount of a catalyst of the formula (II), calculated as moles Ru (II), per mole of carbonyl compound in the range from 1: 100 to 1: 100,000. This amount is preferably from 1: 200 to 1: 10000.
• the diamine can be used, for example, in amounts of 1: 0.5 to 1: 4. This amount is preferably 1: 1 to 1: 2.5 per mole of Ru (II).
• the base can be used, for example, in amounts of 0.5 to 1,000 equivalents. This amount is preferably 2 to 40 equivalents
• the amount of the catalyst (calculated as equivalents Ru (g) per mole of carbonyl compound used) can be from 1: 100 to 1: 500000. This amount is preferably 1: 1,000 to 1: 200,000.
• catalysts of the formula (I) are used, it is not necessary to add diamine to the reaction mixture or to dissolve the substrate, but it can be advantageous to increase the life of the heterogeneous catalyst.
• the amount of such an addition of diamm is in the range from 0.01 to 1.0 equivalents, based on the mole Ru (ü) complex used.
• Suitable solvents are those which do not react undesirably with the materials used and which have a sufficient solvent capacity for the carbonyl compound and the amine used.
• Examples are aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and isooctane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and the xylenes, halogen-containing hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, linear and cyclic aliphatic ethers such as tert-butyl methyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and C 7 -C 1 o-aralkyl alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol and benzyl alcohol and dipolar aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile, dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone.
• Preferred solvents are -C 4 alkyl alcohols, especially i-propanol. Solvent mixtures can also be used.
• Sufficient solvent is preferably used to give a substrate concentration in the range from 10 to 50% by weight.
• the hydrogen pressure to be used in the process according to the invention can be, for example, between 1 and 150 bar. It is preferably in the range from 3 to 120 bar, in particular between 5 and 100 bar.
• the reaction temperature in the process according to the invention can be, for example, in the range from -20 to + 120 ° C. It is preferably in a range from +15 to + 100 ° C, in particular from +25 to + 100 ° C.
• Reaction conditions It is generally in the range of, for example, 5 minutes to 12 hours.
• the reaction mixture is worked up simply because the catalyst can be removed, for example by filtration, and the bases and amines present in the reaction mixture can be removed with the aid of an ion exchanger.
• the isolated catalyst can be reused.
• the optionally optically active alcohols produced are not contaminated with catalysts or their constituents.
• the method according to the invention can also be carried out continuously without problems.
• the process according to the invention shows selectivities and activities of the catalysts used which are in the range of the values of homogeneous catalysts.
• TentaGel reactive resins are copolymers which are obtained by step-wise testing of a cross-linked polystyrene matrix with polyethylene glycol and ethylene oxide in accordance with EP 187 391; they contain freely movable end groups, for example in the case of TentaGel S- Br the grouping CH 2 -CH 2 -Br.
• Example 3
• a total of 30 g of the heterogeneous bisphosphine obtained according to Example 11 was added to three stirred autoclaves, which were connected to form a stirred tank cascade with an effective total volume of 1.5 l, each of which contained an overflow blocked by sintered metal frits with a pore size of 10 ⁇ m -Diamine Ru complex catalyst - filled in the same amount under argon in three melted glass ampoules - introduced into the autoclave.
• Methyl iodide obtained in 80 ml THF was added via a dropping funnel within 30 minutes. Then the mixture was heated to 50 ° C with stirring for 8 hours. After cooling, 250 ml of water were added and the mixture was acidified with 2N hydrochloric acid and extracted 3 times with chloroform (50 ml). The separated organic phases were combined, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The product was further purified by chromatography (silica gel Merck 60, eluent: ethyl acetate / methanol / water 75: 3: 1.5).
• the silica gel was then filtered off again and washed with 100 ml of dichloromethane / methanol (1: 1) toluene, isopropanol and finally dichloromethane.
• the modified silica gel was dried under high vacuum at 40 ° C. Yield: 29.7 g; Analysis P content: 0.32%, 0.051 mmol diphosphine / g silica gel.
• the pure product obtained (3.2 g) was dissolved in 100 ml of chloroform and 0.6 g of triethylamine was added to the solution. After cooling to 0 to 5 ° C., a solution of 0.4 g of methacryloyl chloride in 10 ml of chloroform was added to this solution over a period of 20 minutes using a dropping funnel. Then the mixture was run over a period of 6

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