WO2002031895A1 - Cellule minérale contenant de la poudre dr cristal polaire - Google Patents

Cellule minérale contenant de la poudre dr cristal polaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002031895A1
WO2002031895A1 PCT/JP2000/007059 JP0007059W WO0231895A1 WO 2002031895 A1 WO2002031895 A1 WO 2002031895A1 JP 0007059 W JP0007059 W JP 0007059W WO 0231895 A1 WO0231895 A1 WO 0231895A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exposed
terminal
crystalline powder
housing
electrode plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2000/007059
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Mitsuo Maeyama
Original Assignee
Mitsuo Maeyama
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsuo Maeyama filed Critical Mitsuo Maeyama
Priority to AU2000276839A priority Critical patent/AU2000276839A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2000/007059 priority patent/WO2002031895A1/fr
Publication of WO2002031895A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002031895A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mineral battery containing a powder of a polar crystal.
  • the mineral battery of the present invention utilizes a potential difference between polar crystals.
  • tourmaline is also called a “polar crystal” because it is electrically polarized from the beginning, even if it is not placed in an electric field. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present inventor has found that a battery (namely, a mineral battery) containing the above-mentioned polar crystalline powder such as tourmaline together with a certain amount or more of water has sufficient electromotive force.
  • the present invention is based on these findings.
  • the polar crystalline powder is contained in the accommodating portion in the housing substantially constituting the entire outer wall portion in an amount of 5% by mass or more based on the absolute dry weight of the polar crystalline powder.
  • a positive electrode and a negative electrode which are filled and contained together with water and are embedded in the polar crystalline powder, and are electrically connected to the respective embedded electrodes, and protrude outward from a wall surface of the housing.
  • a mineral battery hereinafter, referred to as a terminal type mineral battery according to the present invention).
  • the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a polar crystal powder in an exposed positive electrode plate, an exposed negative electrode plate, and an accommodating portion formed by a housing constituting an entire outer wall together with the exposed positive electrode plate and the exposed negative electrode plate.
  • the present invention also relates to a mineral battery (hereinafter, referred to as an exposed electrode type mineral battery according to the present invention), characterized by being filled and contained together with water in an amount of 5% by mass or more as a standard.
  • the present invention provides an exposed electrode plate that is either a positive electrode or a negative electrode, and A polar crystal powder is filled in a housing portion formed of a housing that substantially forms the entire outer wall together with a water content of 5% by mass or more based on the absolute dry weight of the polar crystal powder.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing one embodiment of the terminal type mineral battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the terminal type mineral battery of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing a state in which a coiled electrode is embedded in a terminal type mineral battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing a state in which two electrode plates are embedded in a terminal type mineral battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of a terminal type minerals battery according to the invention, which is out collision outwardly from the housing side
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view schematically showing one embodiment of an exposed electrode type mineral battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the exposed electrode type mineral battery of FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view schematically showing one embodiment of a terminal-exposed electrode type mineral battery according to the present invention.
  • the polar crystals that can be used in the mineral battery of the present invention are not particularly limited.
  • tourmaline can be mentioned.
  • a conventionally known tourmaline can be used, and examples thereof include dravit (tourite) tourmaline, schorl (schorl) tourmaline, ⁇ baite (uvite) tourmaline, and L Bite (eIbaite) tourmaline can be used.
  • the tourmaline can be a natural tourmaline or an artificial tourmaline. Natural tourmaline is produced, for example, from crystalline schist, gneiss, and contact metamorphic rocks, and granite-gammaite produces giant crystals.
  • the polar crystalline powder used in the mineral battery of the present invention is, for example, the polar crystal.
  • the particle size of the powder is not particularly limited as long as it shows a sufficient electromotive force as a battery when a mineral battery is manufactured using the same, but, for example, 1 mm from fine particles of 1 / ⁇ m or more.
  • the following granular materials can be used. Although there is no lower limit for the average particle size, if the average particle size is less than 1 ⁇ m, no increase in electromotive force due to an increase in manufacturing cost is observed.
  • the average particle size of the powder of the polar crystal is preferably 2 to 5 ym.
  • the mineral battery of the present invention (that is, including the terminal-type mineral battery, the exposed-electrode-type mineral battery, and the terminal-exposed-electrode-type mineral battery according to the present invention) contains 5% by mass or more of water together with the polar crystalline powder. contains.
  • the “absolute dry mass” in this specification means the mass of the polar crystalline powder after drying the polar crystalline powder at 105 for 1 hour.
  • M ⁇ (m. One m d ) / m d ⁇ X 1 0 0
  • the amount of water contained together with the polar crystalline powder is 5% by mass or more.
  • the water content is preferably at least 10% by mass, more preferably at least 15% by mass.
  • the upper limit of the water content is not particularly limited, but the water content is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more. If the water content exceeds 30% by mass, electric energy may decrease, so that it is not preferable.
  • the polarity direction of each powder of the polar crystal is different in a state where no water is contained, whereas it is oriented in a certain direction in a state where more than 5% by mass of water is contained. It is considered that sufficient electromotive force is generated.
  • the polar crystalline powder obtained by pulverizing the polar crystal in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of about 60 to 70% contains about 6 to 8% by mass of water.
  • the polar crystalline powder obtained as described above can be used as it is in the production of the mineral battery of the present invention without any particular water treatment.
  • a polar crystalline powder with a higher water content can be obtained by adding an appropriate amount of water to the polar crystalline powder obtained by pulverization and sufficiently kneading the mixture.
  • the mineral battery according to the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, regarding one embodiment of a terminal type mineral battery, an exposed electrode type mineral battery, and a terminal exposed electrode type mineral battery.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show a terminal type mineral battery 1 according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the terminal type mineral battery 1
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view thereof.
  • the terminal-type mineral battery 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a housing 14, a polar crystalline powder 13 filled in a housing part 14 a therein, and moisture, and further has moisture.
  • the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 are embedded in a crystalline yarn 13 containing polar yarn.
  • the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 are arranged so as not to directly contact each other (preferably substantially in parallel).
  • the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 are made of conductive material, respectively.
  • the housing 14 is made of a non-conductive material (for example, plastic).
  • a non-conductive material for example, plastic.
  • an electrode made of a conductive material having a high electric conductivity is used in the mineral battery of the present invention.
  • An electrode made of a conductive material having a low electric conductivity becomes a negative electrode.
  • Positive electrode plate 11 is electrically connected to positive electrode terminal 15 via conductive line 15a.
  • negative electrode plate 12 is electrically connected to negative electrode terminal 16 via conductive line 16a. Connected.
  • the positive electrode terminal ⁇ 5 and the negative electrode terminal 16 respectively penetrate through holes formed in the wall of the housing 14 and are exposed on the outer surface of the housing 14. Electric energy from the terminal type mineral battery 1 can be supplied to the outside from the terminal 16. Note that, in FIG. 1, in order to show the arrangement state of the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 and the conductive wires 15 a and the conductive wires 16 a arranged in the housing portion 14 a, The raw crystal powder 13 similarly filled in a is omitted.
  • the shape of the electrodes (that is, the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 in FIGS. 1 and 2) in the terminal type mineral battery according to the present invention is such that the shape of the housing is in contact with the polar crystalline powder containing water.
  • a square, polygon, circle or ellipse Plate, or cylindrical or elliptical cylinder, or polygonal prism, or a rod or pin shape of a combination thereof, or a linear, curved, or coil shape as shown in FIG. 3, or a combination thereof can be linear.
  • the coiled electrode 17 and the terminal 15 provided at one end thereof are represented by a solid line, and the upper half of the housing 14 is represented by a dotted line. The other parts are omitted.
  • the coiled electrode 17 can be used as a positive electrode or a negative electrode.
  • the number of electrodes of each polarity that is, the number of each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is not particularly limited, and one or more positive electrodes can be provided, and one or more negative electrodes can be provided.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a terminal type mineral battery having two electrode plates 11a and 11b. Since the purpose of FIG. 4 is to indicate the number and shape of the electrodes and the connection state with the terminals, the electrode plates 11a, 11b, the conductive wires 15b, 15c, 15d, The terminal 15 and the terminal 15 are shown by solid lines, the upper half of the housing 14 is shown by a dotted line, and the other parts are omitted.
  • the two electrode plates 11a, 11b and the terminal 15 are connected to the conductive wires 15b, 11b, connected to the two electrode plates 11a, 11b. They are electrically connected by 15 c and a conductive wire 15 d connected to the terminal 15.
  • each conductive wire 15b, 15c and conductive wire 15d It can be connected inside the body 14 or each conductive wire 15b, 15c protrudes to the outside of the housing 14 and outside the housing ⁇ 4, each conductive wire ⁇ 5b, 15 And the conductive layer 15 d may be connected.
  • the positive electrode terminal 15 and the negative electrode terminal ⁇ 6 are provided separately from the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12.
  • One end of at least one of the electrodes of the plate 11 or the negative electrode plate 12 may protrude outward from the housing side surface to serve as a connection terminal.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of such an embodiment.
  • the terminal-type mineral battery 1 shown in FIG. 5 has a housing 14, a polar crystalline powder 13 filled in an accommodating portion 14 a inside the housing 14, water, and a polarity containing water.
  • the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 are embedded in the crystalline powder 13.
  • the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 are arranged so as not to directly contact each other (preferably substantially parallel).
  • One end 11c of the positive electrode plate 11 and one end 12c of the negative electrode plate 12 protrude outside the housing 14 and function as a positive terminal and a negative terminal, respectively. Can be.
  • the number of terminals provided for extracting electric energy to the outside is not particularly limited.
  • a plurality of conductive wires are connected to one positive electrode, and the Can be connected to one or more positive terminals.
  • a plurality of conductive lines can be connected to one negative electrode, and connected to one or more negative terminals via those conductive lines.
  • increasing the number of conductive wires connected to one electrode (and the number of terminals connected to it) increases the total amount of electrical energy that can be extracted from one electrode.
  • the housing used in the terminal-type mineral battery according to the present invention substantially forms the outer wall of the entire terminal-type mineral battery (that is, forms all outer walls except holes for the positive terminal and the negative terminal). And the negative electrode and the polar crystalline powder in a state where each electrode is in contact with the polar crystalline powder, and in a state where evaporation of water contained together with the polar crystalline powder can be substantially prevented.
  • the shape and the material can be appropriately selected according to the use form or mode.
  • 6 and 7 show an exposed electrode type mineral battery 2 according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the exposed electrode type mineral battery 2 according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view thereof.
  • the circular positive electrode plate 21 and the negative electrode plate 22 arranged substantially parallel to each other, and the opposing surfaces (the upper surface and the lower surface) are opened.
  • a polar crystal powder 23 is filled together with moisture in a housing portion 24 a formed of the cylindrical frame 24.
  • Each of the positive electrode plate 21 and the negative electrode plate 22 can be made of a conductive material (for example, a metal or alloy plate, a carbonaceous plate, or a conductive resin plate). Inner surface 21 a of positive electrode plate 21 and inner surface 22 a of negative electrode plate 22 are in contact with polar crystalline powder 23, respectively.
  • the outer surface 21b of the positive electrode plate 21 functions as a positive electrode terminal
  • the outer surface 22b of the negative electrode plate 22 can function as a negative electrode terminal.
  • the frame 24 is made of a non-conductive material (for example, plastic), and electrically insulates the positive electrode plate 21 and the negative electrode plate 22.
  • the shape of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate in the exposed electrode type mineral battery according to the present invention is plate-shaped so that the accommodating portion accommodating the polar crystalline powder can be formed together with the frame.
  • it may be a circular or elliptical shape, a polygonal shape (for example, a square or a rectangular shape), or a plate shape of a combination thereof.
  • the number of each of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate is not particularly limited, and one or more positive electrode plates can be provided, and one or more negative electrode plates can be provided.
  • the frame used in the exposed electrode type mineral battery according to the present invention forms a side wall other than the exposed positive electrode plate and the exposed negative electrode plate with respect to the outer wall of the exposed electrode type mineral battery (that is, the exposed electrode together with the exposed positive electrode plate and the exposed negative electrode plate).
  • Forming an outer wall of the whole type mineral battery having an opening in a portion corresponding to the exposed positive electrode plate and the exposed negative electrode plate, and combining with the exposed positive electrode plate and the exposed negative electrode plate to form a polar crystalline powder.
  • Forming accommodation part that can be There is no particular limitation as long as it can be performed.
  • the shape and the material can be appropriately selected according to the use form or the mode.
  • Examples of such a frame include a tubular (cylindrical or square tubular) case made of a non-permeable and non-conductive material or a non-permeable seal (eg, a resin seal).
  • 1 shows a terminal / exposed electrode mineral battery 3 according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the terminal / exposed electrode type mineral battery 3 according to the present invention.
  • the polarity is provided in the housing portion 34 a formed of the rectangular parallelepiped container 34 having only one surface opened and the positive electrode plate 31. Crystal powder 33 is filled together with moisture. Also, a negative electrode plate 32 is embedded in the polar crystalline powder 33 with moisture, and the negative electrode plate 32 is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 35 via a conductive wire 35a. I have.
  • the negative electrode terminal 35 protrudes from the through hole of the container 34 to the outer surface of the container 34 and is fixed.
  • the positive electrode plate 31 and the negative electrode plate 32 are not in contact with each other, and can be made of a conductive material (for example, a metal or alloy plate, a carbonaceous plate, or a conductive resin plate).
  • the inner surface 31 a of the positive electrode plate 31 is in contact with the polar crystalline powder 33.
  • the outer surface 31b of the positive electrode plate 31 can function as a positive electrode terminal.
  • the terminal / exposed electrode type mineral battery As one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, (1) a plate-like electrode, and one surface is exposed to the outer surface of the mineral battery; An electrode (hereinafter, referred to as an exposed electrode) which is arranged in a state where the other surface is in contact with the polar crystalline powder; and (2) a polar crystalline powder as an electrode having a polarity opposite to that of the exposed electrode.
  • embedded electrodes Includes electrodes that are placed embedded in the body (hereinafter referred to as embedded electrodes).
  • the shape of the exposed electrode is not particularly limited as long as it can form an accommodating portion accommodating the polar crystalline powder together with the container.
  • a circular or elliptical plate is used. It may be in the form of a plate, a polygon (for example, a square or a rectangle), or a combination thereof.
  • the number of exposed electrodes is not particularly limited, and may be one or more.
  • the shape of the embedded electrode is such that the embedded electrode is housed in the housing portion in contact with the polar crystalline powder.
  • a square, polygonal, circular or oval plate shape Alternatively, it must be cylindrical, elliptical, polygonal, or a combination of rods or pins, or linear, curved, or coiled as shown in Figure 3, or a combination of these. Can be.
  • the number of embedded electrodes is not particularly limited, and may be one or more.
  • connection terminal is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, and for example, one end of the embedded electrode may be protruded outward from the side surface of the housing to be a connection terminal.
  • the positive electrode plate may be an embedded electrode
  • the negative electrode plate may be an exposed electrode.
  • the number of terminals provided to connect to the embedded electrode and take out electric energy to the outside is not particularly limited, and a plurality of conductive electrodes are provided on one embedded electrode. Wires can be connected and connected to one or more terminals via those conductive wires. In general, increasing the number of conductors connected to one embedded electrode (and the number of terminals connected to it) increases the total amount of electrical energy that can be extracted from one embedded electrode.
  • the container used in the terminal Z exposed electrode type mineral battery according to the present invention substantially forms an outer wall portion other than the exposed electrode with respect to the outer wall of the terminal Z exposed electrode type mineral battery (that is, the terminal exposed electrode type mineral battery together with the exposed electrode). Substantially forming the entire outer wall) and, further, together with the exposed electrode, contacting the embedded electrode and the polar crystalline powder with one surface of the exposed electrode in contact with the polar crystalline powder; and In a state where the embedded electrode is in contact with the polar crystalline powder, and in a state where the water contained together with the polar crystalline powder can be prevented from evaporating, as long as it has an accommodating portion that can be accommodated therein.
  • the shape and material can be appropriately selected according to the use form or mode. As such a container, for example, a case that is open on one side and is made of a non-breathable material can be cited.
  • the accommodating portion includes a polar crystal.
  • a polar crystal When storing the powder and the water, it is preferable to store the powder and the water under a pressure. When pressure is applied to the polar crystalline powder and moisture inside the battery, a higher electromotive force can be obtained as compared to a battery in a state where no pressure is applied.
  • the pressure is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 Pa or more.
  • the temperature of the battery when using the mineral battery of the present invention, it is preferable to increase the temperature of the battery itself because the temperature can be further increased and an electromotive force can be obtained.
  • the temperature is not particularly limited, but when the mineral battery of the present invention is used, the temperature of the battery is preferably set to 30 ° C.
  • the method of maintaining the temperature of the battery within the above range is not particularly limited.
  • a method of directly maintaining the battery temperature within the above temperature range by providing a heating device for the battery Alternatively, a method of indirectly maintaining the battery temperature within the above-mentioned temperature range by maintaining the external temperature in the vicinity of the battery within the above-mentioned range can be cited.
  • the voltage of the obtained direct current gradually decreases over time.
  • the extraction of electric energy is stopped, left for a certain period of time, and then started to be extracted again, the voltage of the obtained DC current returns to the original voltage (that is, the voltage before dropping). Return.
  • the extraction is stopped for about twice as long as the time required for the extraction of the electric energy, the battery returns to the original voltage.
  • the mineral battery of the present invention can be used alone, or a plurality of the mineral batteries according to the present invention can be connected in parallel and / or in series. Example
  • the current value obtained from the mineral battery of the present invention obtained in each of Examples 1 and 2 was measured using a digital voltmeter (VD4C-81; Iwasaki Tsushin).
  • Example ⁇ In the terminal type mineral battery according to the present invention obtained in Example ⁇ , a DC of about 900 to 11 O OmV was obtained without load and left for 3 hours with a 10 k ⁇ resistor attached. After the measurement, a direct current of about 810 to 83 OmV was obtained. The resistor was removed, left unloaded for another 6 hours, and measured again. As a result, a direct current of about 900 to 110 mV was obtained.
  • Example 2 With the exposed electrode type mineral battery according to the present invention obtained in Example 2, a direct current of about 900 to 950 mV was obtained without load, and left for 3 hours with a 10 k ⁇ resistor attached. After the measurement, a direct current of about 540 to 67 O mV was obtained. The resistor was removed, left unloaded for another 6 hours, and measured again. A DC of approximately 900-95 OmV was obtained.
  • the mineral battery of the present invention uses a polar crystal (for example, tourmaline), electric energy can be constantly taken out.
  • a polar crystal for example, tourmaline

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Abstract

Une cellule minérale (1) comprend un logement (14) constituant l'ensemble de paroi extérieur et possédant une section de logement, un logement de poudre de cristal polaire (13) associée avec au moins 5% en masse d'eau en termes de poids sec absolu de poudres de cristal polaire dans la section de logement, une anode (11) et une cathode (12) enterrées dans la poudre de cristal polaire, et des bornes (15, 16) qui sont électriquement connectées à l'anode et la cathode, chacune en ce qui la concerne, et dépassant extérieurement depuis la surface de paroi du logement. Depuis la cellule minérale de la présente invention, de l'énergie électrique peut être enlevée.
PCT/JP2000/007059 2000-10-12 2000-10-12 Cellule minérale contenant de la poudre dr cristal polaire WO2002031895A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2000276839A AU2000276839A1 (en) 2000-10-12 2000-10-12 Mineral cell containing polar crystal powder
PCT/JP2000/007059 WO2002031895A1 (fr) 2000-10-12 2000-10-12 Cellule minérale contenant de la poudre dr cristal polaire

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2000/007059 WO2002031895A1 (fr) 2000-10-12 2000-10-12 Cellule minérale contenant de la poudre dr cristal polaire

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WO2002031895A1 true WO2002031895A1 (fr) 2002-04-18

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010531128A (ja) * 2007-04-25 2010-09-16 グゥン チョイ、スン 省電力デバイス
US8017219B2 (en) * 2006-06-28 2011-09-13 Unique Stones, Inc. Process for making a mineral battery

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06268282A (ja) * 1992-06-11 1994-09-22 Kubo Gijutsu Jimusho:Kk 電気石利用の永久電極担持物
JPH07302596A (ja) * 1994-04-28 1995-11-14 Oyo Kogaku Kenkyusho:Kk 半永久電池の製造法
JPH10241728A (ja) * 1997-02-25 1998-09-11 Koken Kk 蓄電池用電解液
JPH1154136A (ja) * 1997-07-30 1999-02-26 Yoshinari Hasegawa 板状電池及びその製造方法
JPH11307115A (ja) * 1998-04-27 1999-11-05 Bio Techno:Kk 鉛蓄電池用強化剤
JP2000216054A (ja) * 1999-01-20 2000-08-04 Akio Maeyama 鉱物電池素子及び鉱物電池

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06268282A (ja) * 1992-06-11 1994-09-22 Kubo Gijutsu Jimusho:Kk 電気石利用の永久電極担持物
JPH07302596A (ja) * 1994-04-28 1995-11-14 Oyo Kogaku Kenkyusho:Kk 半永久電池の製造法
JPH10241728A (ja) * 1997-02-25 1998-09-11 Koken Kk 蓄電池用電解液
JPH1154136A (ja) * 1997-07-30 1999-02-26 Yoshinari Hasegawa 板状電池及びその製造方法
JPH11307115A (ja) * 1998-04-27 1999-11-05 Bio Techno:Kk 鉛蓄電池用強化剤
JP2000216054A (ja) * 1999-01-20 2000-08-04 Akio Maeyama 鉱物電池素子及び鉱物電池

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8017219B2 (en) * 2006-06-28 2011-09-13 Unique Stones, Inc. Process for making a mineral battery
JP2010531128A (ja) * 2007-04-25 2010-09-16 グゥン チョイ、スン 省電力デバイス

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