WO2002022390A1 - Dispositif de commande pour unite autogeneratrice et unite de charge-decharge et de commutation de batteries pour vehicule electrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande pour unite autogeneratrice et unite de charge-decharge et de commutation de batteries pour vehicule electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002022390A1
WO2002022390A1 PCT/CN2000/000270 CN0000270W WO0222390A1 WO 2002022390 A1 WO2002022390 A1 WO 2002022390A1 CN 0000270 W CN0000270 W CN 0000270W WO 0222390 A1 WO0222390 A1 WO 0222390A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
charge
circuit
discharging
discharge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2000/000270
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kyung O. Gu
Original Assignee
Gu Kyung O
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gu Kyung O filed Critical Gu Kyung O
Priority to AU2000274014A priority Critical patent/AU2000274014A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2000/000270 priority patent/WO2002022390A1/zh
Publication of WO2002022390A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002022390A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-generating mechanism and a battery that is installed on an electric vehicle, uses a self-generating mechanism to supplement electric energy, and switches the charge and discharge states of multiple groups of batteries to ensure that the electric vehicle has a long travel time. Charge and discharge and switching control device.
  • FIG. 1 discloses a self-charging electric bicycle. As shown in FIG. 1, it is composed of a DC motor, a battery, a DC motor and other components. It is improved on the basis of the existing bicycle to become an electric bicycle. It is equipped with a DC generator 5 on the front or rear wheels of an existing bicycle 8; a battery 6 is installed in the middle of the frame beam; and a DC motor 7 is installed on the wheel.
  • the storage battery 6 can be directly charged by receiving the current from the DC generator 5, and can also be charged by 220V AC power for household electricity.
  • the electric motor 7 is integrated with a wheel.
  • the self-charging electric bicycle cannot automatically switch between charging and discharging states.
  • Another Chinese utility model patent CN87205274U discloses an electric bicycle self-charging transmission device, which includes a battery, a motor, a dual switch, a one-way charging control element, and a variable speed transmission device.
  • K1 in the double switch is closed, K2 is connected to point A, the battery is discharged, the motor works, and the bicycle runs.
  • the switch K1 is automatically turned off, and K2 is automatically turned on to point B, so that the electric motor acts as a generator, which automatically converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, and the current automatically charges the battery through the unidirectional charging control element.
  • the battery can only be charged when it does not provide power to the motor; once it needs to be driven by electricity, the battery cannot be charged, otherwise it must be driven by human power. Summary of the invention
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a self-power generation mechanism and a battery charge and discharge and switching control device for an electric vehicle.
  • the self-power generation mechanism combined with a wheel can be used to charge a battery in a charged state to supplement electric energy consumed during use, and By continuously switching the charge and discharge states of multiple sets of batteries, it is ensured that electric vehicles have a longer travel time.
  • a self-generating mechanism and a battery charge and discharge and switching control device for an electric vehicle which include a generator coupled to a wheel and a charge and discharge device connected to an input end of the generator.
  • the output of the discharge device is connected to the electric drive mechanism.
  • the batteries described herein may be more than two groups.
  • the charge and discharge control terminals of the batteries are connected to the charge and discharge switching control circuit. At least one group of the batteries is in a charging state, and the rest are in a discharging state.
  • the charge-discharge and switching control device is composed of a charging circuit, a timing circuit, and a charging-discharging switching circuit.
  • the output terminal of the charging electric generator, the control terminal of the timing electric charging-discharging switching circuit, and the output of the charging-discharging switching circuit are connected to the battery charge. Discharge control terminal.
  • the charging circuit is a pulse width modulation circuit, which can be composed of a time base pulse circuit connected to a field effect tube and an auxiliary circuit.
  • the timing circuit may be composed of a frequency divider, a flip-flop and a NAND gate circuit.
  • the timing circuit can be connected to multiple timing period selection switches.
  • the charge-discharge switching circuit may be composed of a plurality of triggers corresponding to each battery charge-discharge control terminal to be controlled, a NAND gate circuit output switching driving amplifier circuit, and a relay switching actuator.
  • the generator may be an elongated or cylindrical generator.
  • the rotor is connected to a friction roller that is in frictional contact with the wheel tire and can drive the rotor to rotate.
  • the generator body is fixed on the frame.
  • the friction roller can be arranged on the side or on the wheel tire.
  • the angle between the friction roller and the tire may be 45 °.
  • the generator may be a disc generator attached to a wheel disc, and a rotor thereof is connected to a wheel rotating shaft.
  • the disc generator can be attached to the inside or outside of the wheel disc.
  • the self-generating mechanism can replenish electric energy, and the power generation efficiency is high.
  • the battery charging and discharging device can automatically charge and discharge multiple groups of batteries without manual operation, so that the electric traffic tool has a longer operating time.
  • the entire device can be installed on various electric vehicles, such as electric bicycles, Electric motorcycles, electric cars, etc., and are easy to install.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing product
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another existing product
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the invention combined with a bicycle
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the circuit configuration of the automatic charge and discharge device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an automatic charging and discharging device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a generator on a bicycle according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a generator on a bicycle according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • the present invention is a self-generating mechanism and a battery charge-discharge and switching control device for an electric vehicle, which includes a self-generator 1 and a charge-discharge device whose input end is connected to the generator 1.
  • the output is connected to an electric drive mechanism, and the electric drive mechanism transmits power to the wheels.
  • the generator structure is on the wheel 17 of the electric vehicle; the electric motor 7 of the electric driving mechanism is placed in parallel to the lower part of the electric vehicle 6 (such as an electric bicycle), and the electric motor 7 and the reversing mechanism 8, the reversing mechanism 8 and the wheel drive Institution 9 is connected.
  • Charge and discharge device can be three groups of batteries 2, 3, 4, three groups of batteries 2, 3
  • the charging and discharging of 4 and its switching are managed by the charging and discharging and switching control device 5.
  • FIG. 4 it is a schematic block diagram of the structure of the charge-discharge and switching control device of the present invention.
  • the battery has three groups. In use, one group is in a charging state and receives power from a self-generating mechanism; the other two groups are in a discharging state to provide power to the motor.
  • the charging and discharging control terminal of the storage battery is connected to the charging and discharging switching control circuit, and the charging and discharging switching control circuit is responsible for managing the charging and discharging of multiple groups of storage batteries and the state transition.
  • the charge-discharge and switching control device is composed of a charging circuit, a timing circuit, and a charging-discharging switching circuit, wherein the charging electric generator output terminal, the timing circuit is connected to the control terminal of the charging-discharging switching circuit, and the output of the charging-discharging switching circuit is connected to the battery charge-discharge control. end.
  • the charging electric generator output terminal the timing circuit is connected to the control terminal of the charging-discharging switching circuit
  • the output of the charging-discharging switching circuit is connected to the battery charge-discharge control. end.
  • the circuit schematic shown in Fig. 5 is a specific embodiment of the charge-discharge and switching control device of the present invention.
  • the timing circuit of this device consists of a 14-stage frequency divider 4060, a dual data trigger 4013, a 12-stage frequency divider 4040, and a dual input NAND gate 4012 to obtain a fixed time of 60 minutes or 90 minutes.
  • a quartz crystal is connected to the 10 and 11 pins of the 14-stage frequency divider 4060.
  • the output pin 3 of the 14-stage frequency divider 4060 can obtain a 2HZ pulse, and then a double data flip-flop 4013 can obtain a period of 2.
  • the second pulse which passes through the 12-stage frequency divider 4040, and after different combinations at the different output terminals of the 12-stage frequency divider 4040, the 13-pin output of the dual input NAND gate 4012 outputs a signal for 60 minutes, and A 90-minute signal is output at pin 1 of the dual input NAND gate 4012.
  • the 13-pin and 1-pin are respectively connected to both ends of the selectable charging setting time switch K, and can be selected according to the needs for 60 minutes or 90 minutes.
  • Dual data flip-flop 4013B and quadruple 2-input NAND gate 4011 form a switch A circuit that can order the hourly signals to the corresponding battery switching actuators in order to switch the batteries.
  • the two-bit counter formed by the dual data flip-flop 4013B can have four states, which are defined in the present invention as:
  • a decoder consisting of a quadruple 1-input NAND gate 4011 can accurately select one of the above four states, corresponding to different states. A corresponding high voltage will appear on one output of the quadruple 2-input NAND gate 4011. To drive a certain path of the actuator, the relay RY is turned on to switch the battery pack.
  • the execution circuit is composed of three RY1, RY2, RY3 relays and three sets of compound transistor amplifier circuits driving the relay, which switch the battery pack.
  • the initial state is 00, which is a non-charge / discharge state.
  • the system does not work and is in a ready state.
  • the dual data trigger 4013B can be set to 01 with a push button.
  • the second output of the quadruple 1 input NAND gate 4011 is high level, and the first channel RY1 is energized and pulled in.
  • the three channels RY2 and RY3 are disconnected, the first battery is switched to charge, and the second and third batteries are discharged; after 60 minutes (or 90 minutes), the dual data trigger 4013B automatically becomes 10, and the quadruple 2
  • the third output of the input NAND gate 4011 is high level, the second channel RY2 is energized and closed, the first and third channels RY1 and RY3 are disconnected, and the second battery is switched to charging, and the first and ⁇ The three batteries are discharged; after the second 60 minutes (or 90 minutes), the dual data trigger 4013B automatically becomes 11, the fourth output of the quadruple 2-input NAND gate 4011 is high, and the third channel RY3 Power on and pull in, the first and second channels RY1 and RY2 are disconnected, the third battery is switched to charge, and the first and second batteries are discharged; after the third 60 minutes (or 90 minutes), double data trigger The device 4013B is reset to the 01 state. Repeat the above switch until the work is over.
  • the charger of the present invention is different from the existing chargers, and the existing products are generally composed of
  • the fast charging circuit of the present invention is powered by a generator 1 capable of generating a DC voltage of 30V and a current of 25A. Quickly charge three 24V batteries 2, 3 and 4 in turn.
  • the fast charging device is a high power current switch of pulse width modulation (PM) type, which is composed of integrated circuit 555 and a resistor ⁇ -! ⁇ .
  • PM pulse width modulation
  • the capacitor C 2 , the transistor T 7 , the field effect transistor T 8 , and the field effect transistor SMW60N10 form a pulse width adjustment circuit, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the 3 pin of the integrated circuit 555 is an output terminal, and this terminal outputs a square wave with an amplitude of 12V.
  • the pulse width is controlled by the voltage of the 5 pin of the integrated circuit 555. If the voltage of the 5 pin is high, the pulse output by the 3 pin is The width is wide; the voltage of pin 5 is low, and the pulse width of pin 3 is narrow, so adjusting the voltage of pin 5 changes the average voltage of pin 3, that is, the voltage of pin 5 is high, and the average voltage of pin 3 is high. It is high, otherwise the average voltage output by the three pins is low.
  • the 3-pin output width-variable pulse-driven MOSFET SMW60N10 constitutes a power output stage. The 5-pin voltage can be adjusted to adjust the charging current.
  • the field effect tube SMW60N10 is only in the on and off states during the entire working process. In both states, the power consumption of the tube is very low, which greatly extends The service life of the field effect tube improves the working efficiency and reduces the size of the device.
  • the motor can always get enough electricity to drive the wheels.
  • 3 and 6 show an embodiment of a self-power generating mechanism of the present invention, where the generator 1 is a permanent magnet long generator, and the friction roller 10 of the electric vehicle wheel and the rotor of the generator 1 is rotated and rubbed. The generator 1 generates power and outputs it.
  • the angle between the rear wheel mount 11 of the electric bicycle and the horizontal line is 30 °.
  • the main body pad of the generator 1 is fixed on the rear wheel fixing frame 11, and the horizontal distance between the position of the generator 1 on the rear wheel fixing frame 11 and the saddle is 20 cm, and then the generator 1 is supported by auxiliary components such as a pressing piece and a screw.
  • the main body is fixed on the supporting pad 12 fixedly connected to the rear wheel fixing frame 11.
  • the specific position of the tire 18 on the rear wheel with the friction roller 10 may be 45 ° with the axis of the rear wheel and the horizontal line, because this position is the position where the friction force of the friction roller 10 is the smallest. In this way, if the bicycle is traveling at a speed of 10-25km / h, the generator 1 will rotate at a speed of 2000-6000 rpm, and its output voltage will be 30-50V and the current will be 25-50A.
  • the generator 1 of the present invention may also be a permanent magnetic disk type generator 1 as shown in FIG. 7, which is attached to the wheel 17 of the front wheel or the rear wheel of an electric vehicle, and may be based on the characteristics of the wheel or actual needs.
  • the generator 1 is arranged on the inside or outside of the roulette 17, and the rotor 13 of the generator 1 is coaxially connected to the roulette shaft. Therefore, when the roulette 17 of the front or rear wheel rotates, the rotor 13 of the generator 1 must be driven to rotate. Thereby, the generator 1 generates power.
  • FIG. 8 it is a schematic structural diagram of a reversing mechanism 8 in an electric mechanism according to the present invention.
  • the output shaft of the motor is connected to the bearing 14 of the reversing mechanism 8.
  • the bearing 14 changes the rotation direction by 90 ° through the bevel gear set 15 to the bearing 16.
  • the bearing 16 can be connected to the front wheel shaft or the rear wheel shaft. Therefore, the motor is driven by the reversing mechanism 8.
  • the front or rear axle rotates.
  • the power of the generator of the present invention is selected according to the power of the motor and the capacity (number of batteries) of the generator.
  • the power of the selected generator determines the speed, voltage and current, and the parameters of the automatic charge-discharge conversion device also vary with Its change.
  • the power of the electric motor is changed by the driving method of the front and rear wheels. Not that the power of the generator is sufficient to fully charge the battery.
  • a generator is set on each of the front and rear wheels, and the voltage of the generator should be selected according to the capacity of the battery And current, generators can be multiple. For example: Use a 400W permanent magnet motor to generate self-generating power, and charge six voltage, 12V, 17.5A batteries in turns. At this time, the six batteries are divided into three groups, and the charge and discharge and switch control devices are used to complete the switch charge and discharge control. At each moment, 4 batteries are discharged and 2 batteries are being charged.
  • the generator involved in the present invention can be a DC or AC generator, and can cooperate with the auxiliary circuit in the conventional technology to complete the process of generating electricity and charging the battery.
  • the motor according to the present invention may be a DC or AC motor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Description

电动交通工具的自发电积^ J和
蓄电池的充放电及切换控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及安装在电动交通工具上， 利用自发电机构补充电能， 并且通过对多组蓄电池进行充放电状态的切换， 来保证电动交通工具 具有较长的行进时间的一种自发电机构和蓄电池的充放电及切换控 制装置。
发明背景
目前各种电动交通工具因省力、 不污染环境、 无躁声、 操作简便 等优点其发展非常迅速。 但各类车型在充放电方面还停留在停车充电 的方式或者更换已充好的蓄电池的方式， 一次充电的行驶距离很短， 电力不能随时补充。
中国实用新型专利 ZL89208783. 8 公开了一种自充电式电动自行 车， 如图 1所示， 其由直流电动机、 蓄电瓶、 直流电动机等部件组成， 在现有自行车基础上加以改进而成为电动自行车。 它是在现有自行车 8前轮或后轮上装有直流发电机 5; 在车架梁中部装有蓄电瓶 6; 车轮 上装有直流电动机 7。 该蓄电瓶 6可直接接受直流发电机 5发来的电 流而充电， 也可接受家用电 220V交流电变流充电。 该电动机 7 与车 轮为一体。 但该自充电式电动自行车不能进行充放电状态的自动切 换， 使用时， 当充电已足时需将直流发电机脱离机构搬起， 使其不再 充电等。 而另一件中国实用新型专利 CN87205274U公开了一种电动自行车 自充电传动装置， 其包含蓄电池、 电动机、 双联开关、 单向充电控制 元件、 变速传动装置等部件， 如图 2所示， 当按动双联开关， 双联开 关中的 K1 闭合， K2与 A点接通， 蓄电池放电， 电机工作， 使自行车 行进。 当自行车滑行时， 开关 K1 自动断开， K2 自动与 B点接通， 使 电动机作为发电机， 将机械能自动转换成电能， 电流经单向充电控制 元件对蓄电池自动进行充电。 蓄电池在不向电动机提供电力时， 才能 进行充电； 当一旦需要使用电力驱动， 蓄电池就不能处于充电状态， 否则需要就必须使用人力驱动。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种电动交通工具的自发电机构和蓄电池 的充放电及切换控制装置， 它能够利用结合在车轮上自发电机构向充 电状态的蓄电池充电， 补充使用中消耗的电能， 并且通过对多组蓄电 池进行不断地充放电状态的切换， 来保证电动交通工具具有较长的行 进时间。
发明概述
本发明的目的是这样实现的： 一种电动交通工具的自发电机构和 蓄电池的充放电及切换控制装置， 它包括结合在车轮上的发电机以及 输入端与发电机连接的充放电装置， 充放电装置的输出接电动驱动机 构。 其中所述的蓄电池可为两组以上， 蓄电池的充放电控制端接充放 电切换控制电路， 蓄电池至少一组处于充电状态， 其余处于放电状态。 所述的充放电及切换控制装置由充电电路、 定时电路、 充放电切 换电路组成， 其中充电电 发电机输出端， 定时电 矣充放电切换 电路的控制端， 充放电切换电路的输出接蓄电池充放电控制端。
所述的充电电路为脉宽调制电路， 可由时基脉冲电路接场效应管 以及辅助电路组成。
所述的定时电路可由分频器、 触发器以及与非门电路组成。
所述的定时电路可接多个定时时段选择开关。
所述的充放电切换电路可由 对应被控制的各路蓄电池充放电 控制端的多路触发器与与非门电路输出接切换驱动放大电路以及继电 器切换执行机构组成。
所述的发电机可为长形或圆筒形发电机， 其转子连接与车轮轮胎 摩擦接触的、 能够带动转子转动的摩擦辊， 发电机本体固设置车架上。
所述的摩擦辊可设置在车轮轮胎的侧面或上面。
所述的摩擦辊与轮胎的夹角可为 45° 。
所述的发电机可为盘式发电机， 附着在车轮轮盘上， 其转子连接 车轮转动轴。
所述的盘式发电机可附着在车轮轮盘的内侧或外侧。
根据上述技术方案分析可知， 本发明具有如下优点：
1、 自发电机构能够补充电能， 发电效率高， 蓄电池的充放电装 置可以对多组蓄电池自动进行充放电， 不需手工操作， 从而使电动交 通工具具有较长行使时间。
2、 整个装置可安装在各种电动交通工具上， 例如是电动自行车、 电动摩托车、 电动汽车等， 并且安装方便。
3、 使用灵活方便， 节约能源， 保护环境。 附图简要说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方案对本发明做进一步的详细说明。 图 1为一种现有产品的结构示意图；
图 2为另一种现有产品的结构示意图；
图 3为本发明结合在自行车上的整体结构示意图；
图 4为本发明自动充放电装置电路构成框图；
图 5为本发明自动充放电装置电路原理图；
图 6为本发明一种实施例的发电机在自行车上的结构示意图； 图 7为本发明另一种实施例的发电机在自行车上的结构示意图； 图 8为本发明一种电动机驱动输出换向机构结构示意图。 实施本发明的方式
参见图 3, 本发明为一种电动交通工具的自发电机构和蓄电池的 充放电及切换控制装置、 它包括一自发电机 1 以及输入端与发电机 1 连接的充放电装置， 充放电装置的输出接电动驱动机构， 电动驱动机 构将动力传递到车轮上。 该发电机结构电动交通工具的车轮 17 上； 电动驱动机构的电动机 7平行放置于电动交通工具 6 (例如电动自行 车）的下部， 而且该电动机 7与换向机构 8 , 换向机构 8与车轮传动 机构 9相连。 充放电装置可为三组蓄电池 2、 3、 4, 三组蓄电池 2、 3、 4的充放电及其切换由充放电及切换控制装置 5管理。 如图 4所示， 为本发明充放电及切换控制装置的构成示意框图。 其蓄电池为三组， 使用中， 一组处于充电状态， 接收来自自发电机构 的电力； 另了两组处于放电状态， 为电动机提供电力。 蓄电池的充放 电控制端接充放电切换控制电路， 充放电切换控制电路负责管理多组 蓄电池的充放电以及状态的转换。 充放电及切换控制装置由充电电 路、 定时电路、 充放电切换电路组成， 其中充电电 甚发电机输出端， 定时电路接充放电切换电路的控制端， 充放电切换电路的输出接蓄电 池充放电控制端。 当对第一组蓄电池充电时， 第二、 三蓄电池为放电 状态； 经过设定的充电时间后， 可将第二蓄电池切换成充电状态， 第 一、 三蓄电池切换为放电状态， 再过一设定的充电时间后， 第三蓄电 池切换成充电状态， 第一、 二蓄电池切换成放电状态； 重复上述切换 过程， 完成行进过程中蓄电池充电电力的补充。
如图 5所示的电路原理图为本发明充放电及切换控制装置的一种 具体实施例。 该装置的定时电路由 14级分频器 4060、 双重数据触发 器 4013、 12级分频器 4040及双重输入与非门 4012构成， 用以获得 60 分钟或 90分钟的固定时间。 14级分频器 4060的 10和 11两脚上连接 有一块石英晶体， 14级分频器 4060的输出端 3脚可获得一个 2HZ的 脉冲然后再经由双重数据触发器 4013就得到一个周期为 2秒的脉冲， 该脉冲再经由 12级分频器 4040, 并在 12級分频器 4040不同的输出 端经过不同的组合后， 双重输入与非门 4012的 13脚输出为 60分钟 的信号， 而在双重输入与非门 4012的 1脚输出为 90分钟的信号。 该 13脚和 1脚分别连接在选择充电设定时间开关 K的两端， 可根据需要 选择 60分钟或 90分钟。
双重数据触发器 4013B和四重 2输入与非门 4011组成一个切换 电路， 其可以将每小时的信号有序分配给相应的蓄电池切换执行机 构， 对蓄电池进行切换。 由双重数据触发器 4013B构成的两位计数器 可有四种状态， 本发明中定义为：
Figure imgf000008_0001
由四重 1输入与非门 4011组成的译码器可以准确选择上述四种状态 的一种， 对应不同的状态， 四重 2输入与非门 4011 的一个输出端上 就会出现相应的高电平来驱动执行机构的某一路， 使继电器 RY接通， 以切换电池组。
执行电路由三个 RY1、 RY2、 RY3继电器和驱动继电器的三组复合 晶体管放大电路构成， 其对蓄电池组进行切换。 初始状态为 00， 为非 充放电状态， 系统不工作， 处于准备状态。 工作开始时， 可将双重数 据触发器 4013B用按扭置为 01 , 此时， 四重 1输入与非门 4011的第 二个输出为高电平， 第一路 RY1通电吸合， 第二、 三路 RY2、 RY3处 于断开， 将第一个蓄电池切换为充电， 而第二、 三个蓄电池为放电； 60分钟（或 90分钟）后， 双重数据触发器 4013B自动变为 10 , 四重 2输入与非门 4011的第三个输出端为高电平， 第二路 RY2通电吸合， 第一、 三路 RY1、 RY3 处于断开， 将第二个蓄电池切换为充电， 而第 一、 笫三蓄电池为放电； 第二个 60分钟（或 90分钟）后， 双重数据 触发器 4013B 自动变为 11 , 四重 2输入与非门 4011的第四个输出端 为高电平， 第三路 RY3通电吸合， 第一、 二路 RY1、 RY2 处于断开， 将第三个蓄电池切换为充电， 而第一、 第二蓄电池为放电； 第三个 60 分钟（或 90分钟）后， 双重数据触发器 4013B重新置为 01状态， 重 复上述切换直至工作结束。
本发明的充电器不同于现有的充电器， 现有的产品其一般都由
220V电源供电， 经降压， 整流滤波后， 形成一个适合于充电使用的直 流电压给蓄电池充电， 而本发明的快速充电电路是由一个能产生 30V 直流电压、 25A电流的发电机 1提供能源， 对三个 24V的蓄电池 2、 3、 4轮流进行快速充电。 该快速充电装置是采用脉冲调宽 （P M )型的大 功率电流开关， 由集成电路 555以及电阻^-！^。、 电容 C2、 晶体管 T7、 场效应管 Τ8、 场效应管 SMW60N10构成了一个脉冲宽度调节电路， 如图 6所示。 其集成电路 555的 3脚为输出端， 该端输出一个幅度为 12V的方波， 其脉冲宽度受集成电路 555的 5脚的电压控制， 若该 5 脚的电压高， 该 3脚输出的脉冲宽度宽； 该 5脚的电压低， 该 3脚输 出的脉冲宽度窄， 因此调节该 5脚的电压就改变该 3脚输出的平均电 压， 即该 5脚电压高， 该 3脚输出的平均电压就高， 反之该 3脚输出 的平均电压就低。 该 3 脚输出的宽度可变的脉冲驱动场效应管 SMW60N10构成的功率输出级， 可以用调节该 5脚电压来调节充电电流 的大小。 由于改变充电电流的大小是改变脉冲宽度来实现的， 所以场 效应管 SMW60N10 在整个工作过程中只处于开通和关闭两种状态中， 在这两状态下管子的功耗都很低， 大大延长了场效应管的使用寿命， 并且提高了工作效率， 减小了设备的体积。
在上述控制装置的管理下， 本实施例中总有两个蓄电池放电， 一 个蓄电池充电， 此时放电的两个蓄电池中的一个在 60 分钟内放电最 多 20%, 然后切换成充电状态， 而另一个放电的蓄电池继续放电， 在 120 分钟内放电最多 40%后切换成充电状态， 所以每个蓄电池一直存 有约 60%的电量的基础上充电， 因此电动机可一直获得充足的电来驱 动车轮。 参见图 3、 6 所示， 为本发明一种自发电机构实施例， 其中发电 机 1是永磁长形发电机， 利用电动交通工具车轮与发电机 1的转子相 接的摩擦辊 10转动摩擦使发电机 1发电输出。 电动自行车的后轮固 定架 11与水平线的角度为 30° 。 发电机 1的本体托垫固定在该后轮 固定架 11 上， 且其在后轮固定架 11 上的位置离鞍座的水平距离为 20cm, 再用压片和螺丝等辅助组件将发电机 1本体固定在与后轮固定 架 11相固接的托垫 12上。 与摩擦辊 10设置后轮的轮胎 18上， 其具 体位置可与后轮的轴连接线与水平线的角度为 45° , 因为该位置是摩 擦辊 10摩擦力最小的位置。 这样， 如果自行车以 10-25km/h速度行 驶， 发电机 1将以转速为 2000-6000转， 其输出电的电压 30-50V, 电 流为 25- 50A。
本发明的发电机 1也可以是如图 7所示的永磁盘式发电机 1 , 其 附着在电动交通工具的前轮或后轮的轮盘 17 上， 且根据车轮的特性 或实际的需要可将发电机 1设置在轮盘 17 的内侧或外侧， 发电机 1 的转子 13同轴连接轮盘轴， 因此前轮或后轮的轮盘 17转动时， 必然 带动发电机 1的转子 13转动， 从而使发电机 1发电。
如图 8所示， 为本发明电动机构中换向机构 8的结构示意图。 电 动机的输出轴接换向机构 8的轴承 14， 轴承 14通过圆锥齿轮组 15改 变转动方向的 90° , 至轴承 16 , 轴承 16可与前轮轴或后轮轴连接， 因此电动机通过换向机构 8带动前轮轴或后轮轴转动。
本发明的发电机的功率是才艮据电动机的功率、 蓄电池的容量（个 数） 来选择， 所选择的发电机的功率决定了转速、 电压和电流， 并且 充放电自动转换装置的参数也随其变化。 还有电动机的功率也因前、 后轮的驱动方式改变。 并非发电机的功率大就能使蓄电池充分充电。 每个前、 后轮上设置发电机， 应依据蓄电池的容量选择发电机的电压 和电流， 发电机可为多个。 例如： 利用 400W永磁电动机产生自发电， 对 6个电压、 电流为 12V、 17. 5A的蓄电池轮流充电， 这时 6个蓄电 池分成 3组， 由充放电及切换控制装置来完成切换充放电控制， 在每 一时刻有 4个蓄电池放电， 2个蓄电池处于充电。
本发明所涉及的发电机可为直流或交流发电机， 可配合常规技术 中的辅助电路完成发电和对蓄电池的充电过程。 同样本发明所涉及的 电动机也可为直流或交流电动机。 这些基本技术的变换使用， 均属于 本发明主题构思下的等同变换， 应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种电动交通工具的自发电机构和蓄电池的充放电及切换 控制装置， 它包括结合在车轮上的发电机以及输入端与发电机连接的 充放电装置， 充放电装置的输出接电动驱动机构， 其特征在于： 所述 的充放电装置为两组以上蓄电池， 蓄电池的充放电控制端接充放电切 换控制电路， 蓄电池至少一组处于充电状态， 其余处于放电状态。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的电动交通工具的自发电机构和蓄电 池的充放电及切换控制装置， 其特征在于： 所述的充放电及切换控制 装置由充电电路、 定时电路、 充放电切换电路组成， 其中充电电路接 发电机输出端， 定时电路接充放电切换电路的控制端， 充放电切换电 路的输出接蓄电池充放电控制端。
3、 根据权利要求 2 所述的电动交通工具的自发电机构和蓄电 池的充放电及切换控制装置， 其特征在于： 所述的充电电路为脉宽调 制电路， 可由时基脉冲电路接场效应管以及辅助电路组成。
4、 根据权利要求 1 所述的电动交通工具的自发电机构和蓄电 池的充放电及切换控制装置， 其特征在于： 所述的定时电路可由分频 器、 触发器以及与非门电路组成。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 4所述的电动交通工具的自发电机构和 蓄电池的充放电及切换控制装置， 其特征在于： 所述的定时电路可接 多个定时时段选择开关。
6、 根据权利要求 2 所述的电动交通工具的自发电机构和蓄电 池的充放电及切换控制装置，'其特征在于： 所述的充放电切换电路可 由——对应被控制的各路蓄电池充放电控制端的多路触发器与与非门 电路输出接切换驱动放大电路以及继电器切换执行机构组成。
7、 根据权利要求 1 所述的电动交通工具的自发电机构和蓄电 池的充放电及切换控制装置， 其特征在于： 所述的发电机可为长形或 圆筒形发电机， 其转子连接与车轮轮胎摩擦接触的、 能够带动转子转 动的摩擦辊， 发电机本体固设置车架上。
8、 根据权利要求 7 所述的电动交通工具的自发电机构和蓄电 池的充放电及切换控制装置， 其特征在于： 所述的摩擦辊可设置在车 轮轮胎的侧面或上面。
9、 根据权利要求 8 所述的电动交通工具的自发电机构和蓄电 池的充放电及切换控制装置， 其特征在于： 所述的摩擦辊与轮胎的夹 角可为 45° 。
10、 根据权利要求 1 所述的电动交通工具的自发电机构和蓄 池的充放电及切换控制装置， 其特征在于： 所述的发电机可为盘式发 电机， 附着在车轮轮盘上， 其转子连接车轮转动轴。
11、 根据权利要求 1 所述的电动交通工具的自发电机构和蓄电 池的充放电及切换控制装置， 其特征在于： 所述的盘式发电机可附着 在车轮轮盘的内侧或外侧。
PCT/CN2000/000270 2000-09-12 2000-09-12 Dispositif de commande pour unite autogeneratrice et unite de charge-decharge et de commutation de batteries pour vehicule electrique WO2002022390A1 (fr)

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