WO2001094943A2 - Verfahren zur bestimmung der menge von an ziel-molekülen gebundenen liganden - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bestimmung der menge von an ziel-molekülen gebundenen liganden Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001094943A2 WO2001094943A2 PCT/DE2001/002086 DE0102086W WO0194943A2 WO 2001094943 A2 WO2001094943 A2 WO 2001094943A2 DE 0102086 W DE0102086 W DE 0102086W WO 0194943 A2 WO0194943 A2 WO 0194943A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/536—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase
- G01N33/537—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase with separation of immune complex from unbound antigen or antibody
- G01N33/5375—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase with separation of immune complex from unbound antigen or antibody by changing the physical or chemical properties of the medium or immunochemicals, e.g. temperature, density, pH, partitioning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/94—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving narcotics or drugs or pharmaceuticals, neurotransmitters or associated receptors
- G01N33/9486—Analgesics, e.g. opiates, aspirine
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining the amount of ligands bound to target molecules and a combination of ligands for use in a method according to the invention.
- US Pat. No. 5,891,742 A describes methods for quickly and easily finding ligands from a mixture of test substances. This mixture is incubated with a target structure. The target structure can be in solution as well as immobilized. After the incubation, the target structures with bound test substances are separated. The bound test substances are directly analyzed and identified by mass spectrometry.
- the usual methods for determining the amount of ligands bound to target molecules include the following steps:
- the labeling substance can be, for example, a fluorophore, a radioactive compound or an enzyme.
- the labeling substances often change the binding properties of the ligands. Then, with the direct quantification described here, it is not possible to exactly determine the amount of native ligands that would bind under the same conditions.
- the solution in step lit. a additionally native ligands.
- the ligands provided with a labeling substance have a defined affinity and selectivity for the target molecules.
- the amount of the bound native ligands is determined indirectly by quantifying the bound ligands provided with a labeling substance. If ligands are used that are clearly identifiable by their mass, bound ligands can be quantified by mass spectrometry. It is not necessary to use labeled ligands.
- Step lit. b allows the ligands to bind to the target molecules.
- Ligand-target-molecule complexes are formed. Bound ligands can be separated from unbound ligands, for example by means of filtration or size exclusion chromatography. Target molecules immobilized on a carrier can also be provided. In this case, the ligands separate from the solution during binding. If the carrier, such as microspheres, is in suspension, it can be removed by centrifugation. be changed. After removing the solution, unbound ligands still adhere to the ligand-target-molecule complexes formed. These are removed by washing.
- the aim of all separation processes, including washing, is to separate unbound ligands as completely as possible from the ligand-target-molecule complexes formed.
- the amount of ligands present in the separated ligand-target-molecule complexes is determined, in particular by quantifying the labeling substance.
- the determined amount of bound ligands is equated to the amount of ligands which were originally bound to the target molecules in the binding equilibrium.
- the amount of unbound ligands still adhering to the ligand-target molecule complexes after incomplete separation would falsify the quantification of bound ligands.
- the above-mentioned methods for quantifying bound ligands have a system-inherent error: the separation of the bound ligands from the unbound ligands, including washing, leads to a loss of the binding equilibrium. This leads to a reduction in the number of ligand-target-molecule complexes formed. These begin to dissociate as soon as the ligand concentration in the solution surrounding the ligand-target molecule complexes decreases. The step lit. The determined amount of bound ligands is not identical to the amount of ligands originally bound.
- DE 198 14 775 AI discloses a method for determining the binding constants of dissolved substances and substances on surfaces made of amphiphilic molecules. Layers of amphiphilic molecules are bound to a solid support so that a solid-supported membrane is formed. A defined amount of this solid-supported membrane is brought into contact with a mobile phase. The mobile phase contains a defined amount of substances to be examined for lipid binding. After an incubation, the solid-supported membranes are separated from the mobile phase. The concentrations of the substances in the mobile phase or the solid-supported membrane are determined. The method can be carried out with solid-supported membranes and substances present in different proportions. The binding constant can be calculated from the concentrations determined.
- the object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art.
- a method is to be provided which makes it possible to determine the amount of ligands bound to target molecules.
- a method for determining the amount of ligands bound to target molecules is provided with the following steps:
- the determination or determination of a quantity also means a mere estimate of the quantity. It goes without saying that instead of a quantity, a concentration can also be determined, ascertained or estimated. If only one type of target molecule with uniform binding sites is made available and the number of binding sites is known, the data according to lit. d and lit. e determined quantities, the affinity of the ligands for the binding sites can also be calculated. The method enables the amounts of different ligands bound to target molecules to be determined simultaneously.
- the term mixed phase encompasses both a pure solution and a suspension.
- the mixed phase can contain membrane structures such as vesicles.
- the target molecules can be in solution, in suspension or immobilized.
- Immobilized target molecules can, for example, be immobilized on a wall of a vessel containing the mixed phase with the ligands or on particles.
- any method is suitable in which the binding ligand is secreted under binding conditions.
- the concentration of the unbound ligands does not change in the mixed phase contacting the ligand-target-molecule complexes.
- the amount of ligand-target-molecule complexes remains constant.
- a method of this type is, for example, the separation of ligand-target-molecule complexes by means of centrifugation.
- the ligand concentration and / or amount can then be determined in the mixing phase, which overlays the pellet formed during centrifugation.
- the secretion of bound ligands also includes that by binding to immobilized target molecules secretion of ligands from the mixed phase taking place.
- Mass spectrometry for example, is suitable for determining the ligand concentration and / or amount.
- “Native form” means that the ligands have no modifications necessary for detection, quantification or identification. Such modifications can consist, for example, of marking with a marking substance.
- a reference is generally understood to mean a previously known substance with known properties, which can provide information about another substance or a specific system.
- the reference can e.g. Deliver values that serve as reference values for unknown values.
- known quantifiable ligands serve as a reference. You bind in step lit. b to the target molecules. For example, they can be used to determine the proportion of non-specifically binding ligands.
- the binding of the ligands serving as reference to the target molecules can also be inhibited by the binding of other ligands contained in the mixed phase to the target molecules. This can e.g. by an allosteric inhibition of the binding or by the reference and the ligands competing for binding to a binding site of the ligands on the target molecules.
- the amount of ligand bound as a reference can enable the amount of other ligand bound to be determined.
- a ligand with medium affinity for the target molecules can serve as a reference, from which in step lit. b about half of the amount contained in the mixing phase would bind to the target molecules if there were no other ligands inhibiting its binding in the mixed phase. From the step lit. e determined amount of the bound ligands serving as reference, the amount of other ligands bound to the target molecules can then be determined or at least estimated.
- the ligands serving as reference are preferably selected so that they are in a step lit. d Have the method selected for determining the quantity demonstrated with high sensitivity.
- the ligands which serve as reference can have a selective affinity for certain target molecules. In this way, the determination of the amount of other ligands bound to the specific target molecules can be selectively made possible for different target molecules.
- Another advantage of the method is that non-specific binding of the non-reference ligands has hardly any effect on the amount of bound reference ligands. A quantity of the specifically bound other ligands determined by means of the ligands serving as reference is only insignificantly influenced by the non-specific binding of the other ligands. Essentially, therefore, only the non-specific binding of the ligands serving as a reference must be taken into account.
- a major advantage of the method is that even with ligands that are difficult to quantify directly in step lit. d only the quantity of unbound ligands serving as reference must be determined. The method is therefore not subject to any restrictions, which are in the nature of the non-reference ligands and cause problems in the quantification. Since the ligands are in native form, it is possible to obtain results which are not falsified by labeling the ligands which influences the binding properties. The effort required by handling marking substances is eliminated. This can be very high, especially with radioactive marking substances. There is also no health hazard associated with the use of radioactive labeling substances.
- Another advantage of the method is the avoidance of the above-mentioned system-inherent error by the separation under the conditions according to lit. c.
- the amount of ligands bound to target molecules can be exactly determined.
- the method according to the invention requires little effort. It is only necessary to separate bound ligands. The isolation of ligand-target molecule complexes is eliminated. A washing step is not necessary in the process according to the invention. The lower number of work steps reduces the risk of introducing errors compared to the prior art.
- the step lit. a provided mixed phase can contain the ligands in a mixture with various other substances.
- the method according to the invention is suitable for quickly and easily identifying ligands bound to the target molecules from the mixture.
- the ligands serving as reference have at least one known affinity for the target molecules. They can serve as a reference for determining an unknown affinity. The determination can also consist of a mere estimate.
- the ligands serving as reference are preferably different from one another and have graduated affinities for the target molecules. Other ligands in the mixed phase with unknown Affinity then results in a gradual inhibition of binding as a reference; serving ligands.
- the unknown affinity of the other ligands can be quickly and easily determined, or at least estimated or limited, from the set of ligands used as a reference.
- the steps lit. are used to determine the affinity of the ligands for the target molecules.
- a to lit. e carried out with ligands and target molecules in a first ratio and then repeated with ligands and target molecules in at least one further ratio.
- the incubation is advantageously carried out until the binding equilibrium is reached.
- the affinity can be determined from the amounts of the ligands bound at the different amount ratios, for example by means of a non-linear regression analysis of the saturation isotherm.
- the saturation isotherm represents the amount of ligands bound to the target molecules as a function of the concentration of unbound ligands.
- the target molecules are provided in native, in particular in non-immobilized, form. This makes it possible to obtain results which are not falsified by immobilization which influences the binding properties. It is also possible to use the ligands in the mixed phase after performing step lit. c, in particular by means of a fluorophore. Unbound ligands are marked after binding of ligands to the
- Target molecules has taken place.
- the result cannot be falsified by the fact that the labeling causes a change in the binding properties of the ligands.
- the markie tion enables the amount of unbound ligands to be determined using sensitive detection methods.
- the sensitivity of the method can be increased by this measure.
- the mixing phase according to step lit. a contains more than 10, in particular more than 100, different ligands.
- a separation step can be carried out, in particular using gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, preferably HPLC, FPLC " , reverse phase chromatography or affinity chromatography.
- the separation step can, for example, be directly upstream of mass spectrometry. This enables the differentiation between ligands which are direct in themselves after step c), step d is indistinguishable. For example, a distinction can be made between isomers.
- the ligands can be concentrated in the mixed phase. This increases the sensitivity of the method and enables the use of further, less sensitive detection methods.
- the ligands are preferably put together in such a way that at least the amount of the ligands which serve as the reference, preferably the amount of all, of the ligands when the step lit. d can be determined in one operation. A previous separation step is not necessary. For example, ligands of different molecular weights are compiled if the detection is to be carried out by mass spectrometry. It is thus possible to determine the affinities or bound amounts of a large number of ligands at the same time. In a preferred embodiment, step lit. a different target molecules are provided. This makes it possible to determine the amount of ligands bound to different target molecules at the same time. The affinities of the ligands for different target molecules can also be determined simultaneously.
- the target molecules are preferably present in a concentration greater than 1 nM, in particular greater than 100 nM, preferably greater than 1 ⁇ M.
- a large amount of bound ligands can be achieved by using the target molecules in high concentration. This increases the sensitivity of the process. It is advantageous to use the target molecules in high concentration even if the mixed phase according to step lit. a contains different ligands with different affinities for the target molecules. Large amounts of bound ligands also cause large differences between the amounts of the different bound ligands. This makes it easier to distinguish between these quantities.
- the mixed phase can inhibit binding of the
- ligands Contain ligands to the target molecules.
- inhibitors can be used which have specificity for one or more of these binding sites.
- a binding approach without an inhibitor can be compared with a binding approach that contains an inhibitor with a specificity for a target molecule or a binding site. In this way, bonds can be examined selectively.
- Inhibitors with known affinity for the target molecules can serve as a reference for determining an unknown affinity.
- the quantity of ligands is advantageously determined by means of a method by which less than 10 ng, in particular less than 100 pg, preferably less than 100 fg, of the ligands can be detected.
- the amount of ligand can be determined by means of mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis or gas or liquid chromatography, preferably HPLC or FPLC, in particular using reverse phase chromatography.
- the detection after gas or liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis can be carried out by means of mass spectrometry, spectrophotometry, in particular by means of UV detection or diode field detection, fluorescence detection, luminescence detection, electrochemical oxidation or reduction or flame ionization detection.
- a measuring method which, when step lit. d is used to determine the amount of ligands.
- the measuring method for determining the amount of ligands can be calibrated.
- the target molecules are dissolved or suspended.
- the binding properties of the target molecules are not changed by immobilization.
- the target molecules can be embedded in membrane structures.
- the membrane structures can be native or artificial.
- Target molecules are not immobilized. You can be separated by simple processes such as centrifugation.
- the secretion according to lit. c can be carried out by dialysis, precipitation, adsorption, binding to immobilized molecules with an affinity for the ligand-target-molecule complexes formed, centrifugation or filtration, in particular ultrafiltration.
- the molecules with an affinity for the ligand-target-molecule complexes formed can be immobilized on, in particular magnetically, particles to be separated.
- the target molecules are advantageously after the step lit. c regenerates. This enables their reuse. This is particularly useful for valuable target molecules, e.g. in the case of target molecules on cells on which several examinations are to be carried out.
- the target molecules or ligands can be selected from the following group: peptides, proteins, in particular receptors, low-molecular compounds, prions, enzymes, transport proteins, ion channels or antibodies, hormones, nucleic acids, sugars, polymers and structures on or in cells, cell fragments , Cell homogenates, synaptosomes, liposomes, synaptic plasma membrane vesicles, tissue sections, viruses, their components or fragments of these components, capsids, their components or fragments of these components and
- the invention further relates to a combination of ligands for use in a method according to the invention, the ligands being compiled in such a way that at least the amount of ligands serving as reference when performing step lit. d can be determined in one operation.
- the ligands are preferably composed of provided that the amount of all ligands when performing step lit. d can be determined in one operation.
- the invention further relates to a combination of ligands for use in a method according to the invention, ligands serving as reference being different from one another and having graduated affinities for the target molecules.
- La, lb, lc is a schematic representation of a binding approach with the ligands LA, LB and LC and the target molecules TA, '
- 2a, 2b, 2c a schematic representation of a binding approach with the ligands LA, LB and LC, the target molecules TA and TC and
- 3a, 3b, 3c a schematic representation of a binding approach with the ligands LA, LB and LC, the target molecules TA and TC and the inhibitors IA.
- Fig. La shows schematically a binding approach with the ligands LA, LB and LC and a single type of target molecules TA.
- LA to TA has a high affinity
- LB to TA a low affinity
- LC to TA a very low one.
- bound ligands are separated from the mixed phase. This can be done by centrifugation.
- Fig. Lc shows the situation after the secretion. The amount of LC in the mixed phase is remained unchanged. The amounts of LA and LB in the mixed phase have decreased by the amounts bound to TA.
- a membrane preparation of transfected CHO-Kl cells which express human ⁇ -opioid receptors as target molecules is used for a binding approach shown schematically in FIGS. 1 a to 1 c.
- the ⁇ -opioid receptors present in a concentration of 50 nM or an amount of 12.5 pmol are treated with 100 nM, corresponding to 25 pmol morphine, 100 nM, corresponding to 25 pmol codeine, and 100 nM, corresponding to 25 pmol tramadol as ligands and Incubate 5 mM MgCl 2 and 50 mM Tris HC1, pH 7.4 in a total volume of 250 ⁇ l for 150 minutes at 25 ° C. in a 1.5 ml PP reaction vessel. The membrane particles are then centrifuged off at 50000 xg for 20 minutes at 4 ° C. 150 ⁇ l are removed from the supernatant Ül.
- morphine, codeine and tramadol are separated using HPLC.
- a LiChrospher 60 RP select B separation column is used. 0.1% formic acid is used as solvent A and methanol is used as solvent B.
- a gradient is used for chromatography, in which the concentrations of the eluent change from 100% A and 0% B to 0% A and 100% B at a flow rate of 0.8 ml per minute. This is followed by mass spectrometric quantification in MS / MS mode using a Finnigan LCQ Deca mass spectrometer.
- This mass spectrometer is an ion trap mass spectrometer that uses an API interface with electro-spray ionization.
- a supernatant Ül * is also produced, which differs from the supernatant Ül in that it is obtained from a membrane preparation without the addition of ligands. It will be one Solution Ll prepared, each containing morphine, codeine and tramadol in a concentration of 100 nM in Ül *. Solution L1 is also analyzed as described for Ül. With the response factors for the ligands determined from Ll, the following amounts of the respective ligands were calculated, which are present in total in unbound form in oil:
- the K d value can be used as a measure of the affinity of a ligand for the target molecule for the ligands to be examined, such as morphine here, with the aid of at least one reference added to the binding approach with known affinity for the target molecules from the estimate the data obtained well.
- the K d value can be used as a measure of the affinity of a ligand LA Calculate the target molecule TA as follows:
- affinity For exact determination of the affinity of ligands for target molecules, data from at least two binding approaches are required.
- the ligands and the target molecules must be present in different proportions in the binding approaches.
- the affinity can be determined from the amounts of the ligands bound at the different amount ratios.
- human ⁇ -opioid receptors are used as target molecules in a concentration of 50 nM, which corresponds to an amount of 12.5 pmol, each with a concentration of codeine in the presence of 5 mM MgCl 2 , 50 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 in a total volume of 250 ⁇ l for 150 minutes at 25 ° C. in a 1.5 ml PP reaction vessel.
- the binding approaches have the following codeine concentrations and amounts: Bl - 20 nM - 5 pmol, B2 - 60 nM - 15 pmol, B3 - 200 nM - 50 pmol, B4 - 600 nM - 150 pmol, B5 - 2 ⁇ M - 500 pmol and B6 - 20 ⁇ M - 5000 pmol.
- the membrane particles are then centrifuged off at 50000 xg for 20 minutes at 4 ° C.
- 150 ⁇ l of each of the supernatants Ül to Ü6 of the binding approaches B1 to B6 are removed and, as described in exemplary embodiment 1, quantified by means of HPLC and subsequent mass spectrometry.
- Ül * As described in embodiment 1, a supernatant Ül * is generated.
- Solutions L1 to L6 are produced in which codeine is present in Ül * in the following concentrations and amounts: Ll - 20 nM - 5 pmol, L2 - 60 nM - 15 pmol, L3 - 200 nM - 50 pmol, L4 - 600 nM - 150 pmol, L5 - 2 ⁇ M - 500 pmol and L6 - 20 ⁇ M - 5000 pmol.
- the solutions L1 to L6 are analyzed as described for Ül to Ü6.
- the binding mixture also contains other binding sites to which the ligand binds non-specifically, this must be taken into account for an exact determination of the affinity.
- concentration ratios in a saturation test as described in this exemplary embodiment, the respective amounts of the non-specifically bound ligand can be determined from the total binding determined in B1 to B6 by non-linear regression analysis using the program Prism 2.01 from GraphPad, Software, Inc., San Diego will be charged. The following amounts of non-specifically bound ligands have been determined in the present exemplary embodiment:
- the amount of non-specific binding calculated for B1 to B6 depends on the amount of ligand bound in total subtracted, the following specific binding, that is to say only to target molecules, is obtained:
- Bl B6 the concentrations of the unbound, i.e. free ligands, and to know the ligand-target-molecule complexes.
- the total concentration of the target molecules as well as the concentration of the unbound, i.e. free target molecules is known.
- the K d value can be calculated from the corresponding saturation isotherm for B1 to B6 by nonlinear regression analysis using the program Prism 2.01 from GraphPad, Software, Inc., San Diego.
- the non-specific binding it may also be necessary to carry out a further binding approach in the presence of a specific ligand, which selectively suppresses binding to the target molecules.
- a specific ligand which selectively suppresses binding to the target molecules.
- the Kd values for several ligands can be determined simultaneously.
- the individual ligands can be used side by side in the same concentration in a binding approach.
- FIG. 2a shows schematically a binding approach with the ligands LA, LB and LC as well as the target molecules TA and TC.
- LA has an affinity for TA and LC for TC.
- LB has no affinity for the target molecules present in the mixture.
- bound ligands are separated from the mixed phase. This can be done by centrifugation.
- Fig. 2c shows the situation after the secretion.
- the amount of LB in the mixed phase has remained unchanged.
- the amounts of LA and LC in the mixed phase have decreased by the amounts bound to TA and TC.
- Ligands are to be identified which have affinity for TA but not for TC.
- FIG. 3a shows the binding approach schematically.
- the inhibitor specifically binds to TA and prevents the binding of LA to TA.
- 3b shows the state at the end of the incubation.
- 3c shows the situation after the release of bound ligands including the bound inhibitor IA.
- the amount of LC in the mixed phase has decreased.
- a comparison of the compositions of the mixed phases shown in FIG. 2c and the one shown in FIG. 3c shows which ligands have an affinity for the target molecule TA.
- a preparation of synaptic plasma membrane vesicles is used in the binding approach shown schematically in FIGS. 2a to 2c.
- the spm vesicles are obtained from the hippocampus of pigs (G. Höfner and K. Th. Wanner, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 394, 211-219, 2000) and then 4 x in 5 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 washed (G. H ⁇ fner and K. Th. Wanner, J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 16, 297-313, 1996).
- this spm vesicle preparation contains N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which contain binding sites for glycine in addition to other binding sites.
- NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
- a first binding approach B1 the spm vesicles in a protein concentration of 15 mg / ml, corresponding to a concentration or amount of the glycine binding sites of 50 nM or 12.5 pmol, with 100 nM, corresponding to 25 pmol aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 100 nM, correspondingly 25 pmol L-methionine and 100 nM, corresponding to 25 pmol L-phenylalanine and 10 mM MgCl 2 and 5 mM Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.4 in a total volume of 250 ul 180 minutes at 4 ° C in a 1.5 ml of PP reaction tube incubated.
- the spm vesicles are then centrif
- B2 differs from the first binding approach B1 only in that it additionally contains 10 ⁇ M MDL 105.515, a selective ligand for a glycine binding site on the NMDA receptor.
- a supernatant Ü2 is obtained from B2, which is analyzed like Ül.
- a supernatant Ül * is also produced, which differs from the supernatant Ül in that it is obtained from a spm vesicle preparation without the addition of ligands.
- a solution L1 is prepared which contains 100 nM aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 100 nM L-methionine and 100 nM L-phenylalanine in oil *. This solution Ll is analyzed as well as Ül. The following amounts of unbound ligands result:
- K d value as a measure of the affinity of a ligand, in this exemplary embodiment of aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, for Carefully estimate the target molecule for the ligands to be examined from the data obtained with the aid of at least one reference added to the binding approach with known affinity for the target molecules.
- the Kd value as a measure of the affinity of a ligand, in this application example for aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, to the target molecule can also be according to the formula
- Human ⁇ -opioid receptors served as target molecules in all binding approaches.
- the target molecules were provided by means of a membrane preparation of transfected human ⁇ -opioid receptors expressing CHO-Kl cells from NEN, Brussels, Belgium.
- BO contained 8.0 nM ⁇ -opioid receptors, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 7.5% sucrose and 50 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4 in a total volume of 400 ⁇ l. B0 was incubated for 150 minutes at 25 ° C. in a 1.5 ml PP reaction vessel. The membrane particles were then centrifuged off at 50000 ⁇ g for 20 minutes at 4 ° C. The resulting supernatant was Ü0 350 ⁇ l removed. The following attachment approaches were treated like BO:
- a binding approach Bl composed like BO, which additionally contained 10 nM nalbuphine as reference ligands and as further ligands 10 nM naloxone and 10 nM dihydrocodeine.
- the supernatant Ül was obtained from B1.
- a binding approach B3 composed like B0, which additionally contained 10 nM nalbuphine as reference ligand and as further ligand 10 nM dihydrocodeine and 10 nM (+) -normetazocin.
- the supernatant Ü3 was obtained from B3.
- a binding approach B4 composed like B0, which additionally contained 10 nM nalbuphine as reference ligands.
- the supernatant Ü4 was obtained from B4.
- Sample volume 20 ⁇ l (injected using an autosampler) Nalbuphin, naloxone and dihydrocodeine in the supernatants Ül to Ü4 were measured by mass spectrometry and quantified using an external standard. 2 nM, 5 nM, .8 nM and 10 nM nalbuphine, naloxone and dihydrocodeine were used as external standards in Ü0. All samples were measured twice.
- the specific binding of the ligands in B1 to the target molecules results from the difference between the concentrations determined in Ül and Ü2. In the concentration used, dihydrocodeine shows no clearly measurable specific binding to the target molecules. Naloxone shows a specific binding in the order of magnitude of the reference nalbuphin. The reference allows the estimate that naloxone has a similar affinity for the target molecules as nalbuphine.
- Ü3 only the substances nalbuphine and dihydrocodeine, but not (+) -normetazocin, were quantified under the chosen chromatographic or mass spectrometric conditions.
- dihydrocodeine shows on no measurable specific binding to the target molecules.
- the comparison of Ü3 with Ü4 shows that the binding of the reference nalbuphin to the target molecules is not inhibited by (+) -ormetazocin.
- Normetazocin apparently shows no recognizable specific binding to the target molecules in the concentration used.
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EP01947182A EP1325328A2 (de) | 2000-06-09 | 2001-06-06 | Verfahren zur bestimmung der menge von an ziel-molekülen gebundenen liganden |
AU2001268944A AU2001268944A1 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2001-06-06 | Method for determining the quantity of ligands that are bound to target molecules |
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DE2000128186 DE10028186A1 (de) | 2000-06-09 | 2000-06-09 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Menge von an Ziel-Molekülen gebundenen Liganden |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1151301A1 (de) * | 1999-02-12 | 2001-11-07 | Cetek Corporation | Grössenausschliessendes hochdurchsatzverfahren zum screenen von komplexen biologischen materialien nach affinitätsliganden |
WO2002095403A2 (de) * | 2001-05-23 | 2002-11-28 | november Aktiengesellschaft Gesellschaft für Molekulare Medizin | Verfahren zur bestimmung des bindeverhaltens von an ziel-molekülen spezifisch bindenden liganden |
WO2003076654A2 (de) * | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-18 | november Aktiengesellschaft Gesellschaft für Molekulare Medizin | Verfahren zum nachweisen, quantifizieren und/oder charakterisieren eines analyten |
Citations (4)
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WO1983003306A1 (en) * | 1982-03-19 | 1983-09-29 | Roger Philip Ekins | Method and composition for free ligand assays |
US5891742A (en) * | 1995-01-19 | 1999-04-06 | Chiron Corporation | Affinity selection of ligands by mass spectroscopy |
DE19814775A1 (de) * | 1998-04-02 | 1999-10-14 | Nimbus Biotechnologie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Bindungskonstanten gelöster Stoffe und Substanzen an Oberflächen aus amphiphilen Molekülen |
EP1026504A1 (de) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-08-09 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Rezeptorbindungseigenschaften und Reagenz zum Assay |
-
2000
- 2000-06-09 DE DE2000128186 patent/DE10028186A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-06-06 AU AU2001268944A patent/AU2001268944A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-06 EP EP01947182A patent/EP1325328A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-06 WO PCT/DE2001/002086 patent/WO2001094943A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1983003306A1 (en) * | 1982-03-19 | 1983-09-29 | Roger Philip Ekins | Method and composition for free ligand assays |
US5891742A (en) * | 1995-01-19 | 1999-04-06 | Chiron Corporation | Affinity selection of ligands by mass spectroscopy |
DE19814775A1 (de) * | 1998-04-02 | 1999-10-14 | Nimbus Biotechnologie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Bindungskonstanten gelöster Stoffe und Substanzen an Oberflächen aus amphiphilen Molekülen |
EP1026504A1 (de) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-08-09 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Rezeptorbindungseigenschaften und Reagenz zum Assay |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1151301A1 (de) * | 1999-02-12 | 2001-11-07 | Cetek Corporation | Grössenausschliessendes hochdurchsatzverfahren zum screenen von komplexen biologischen materialien nach affinitätsliganden |
EP1151301A4 (de) * | 1999-02-12 | 2004-07-14 | Cetek Corp | Grössenausschliessendes hochdurchsatzverfahren zum screenen von komplexen biologischen materialien nach affinitätsliganden |
US7179592B2 (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2007-02-20 | Cetek Corporation | Size-exclusion-based extraction of affinity ligands and active compounds from natural samples |
WO2002095403A2 (de) * | 2001-05-23 | 2002-11-28 | november Aktiengesellschaft Gesellschaft für Molekulare Medizin | Verfahren zur bestimmung des bindeverhaltens von an ziel-molekülen spezifisch bindenden liganden |
WO2002095403A3 (de) * | 2001-05-23 | 2003-02-13 | November Ag Molekulare Medizin | Verfahren zur bestimmung des bindeverhaltens von an ziel-molekülen spezifisch bindenden liganden |
US7074334B2 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2006-07-11 | Klaus Wanner | Method for determining the binding behavior of ligands which specifically bind to target molecules |
WO2003076654A2 (de) * | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-18 | november Aktiengesellschaft Gesellschaft für Molekulare Medizin | Verfahren zum nachweisen, quantifizieren und/oder charakterisieren eines analyten |
WO2003076654A3 (de) * | 2002-03-08 | 2004-03-11 | November Ag Molekulare Medizin | Verfahren zum nachweisen, quantifizieren und/oder charakterisieren eines analyten |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1325328A2 (de) | 2003-07-09 |
AU2001268944A1 (en) | 2001-12-17 |
WO2001094943A3 (de) | 2002-04-18 |
DE10028186A1 (de) | 2002-09-19 |
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