WO2001089748A1

WO2001089748A1 - Method and device for reprofiling railway wheels

Info

Publication number: WO2001089748A1
Application number: PCT/EP2001/005978
Authority: WO
Inventors: Manfred Boms; Georg Hauschild; Alfred Heimann; Ralf Hock; Hans-Joachim Reiche
Original assignee: Hegenscheidt-Mfd Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date: 2000-05-25
Filing date: 2001-05-25
Publication date: 2001-11-29
Also published as: JP2012061596A; CN1246114C; PL203849B1; EP1283756B1; JP5462236B2; KR100771254B1; PL358998A1; TW583044B; ES2246328T3; DE50106794D1; KR20030020879A; DE10025724B4; ATE299771T1; RU2245764C2; AU2001269037A1; CN1438927A; US20040014405A1; JP2003534138A; CZ20023863A3; EP1283756A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for reprofiling wheel discs (7) or brake discs of a train wheel or wheel set (6) that is rotatably mounted in bearing housings (9), by machining the same using a mobile machine tool (12). According to said method, the periphery of a wheel disc (7) of a train wheel or wheel set (6) is pressed by a clamping organ (14, 15), which engages with at least one bearing housing (9), against supporting rollers (16). At least one of said rollers (16) causes the train wheel or wheel set (6) to revolve, while at the same time a tool (20) machines one of the wheel (7) or brake discs. The invention also relates to a machine tool (12) for carrying out said method.

Description

Method and machine for machining railway wheels

The invention relates to a method and a machine for machining railway wheels. The processing extends not only to the re-profiling of wheels from individual cyclists, but also to the re-profiling of the wheels of wheelsets. It also extends to the re-profiling of brake discs, be it on single wheel chassis or on the wheel sets of other chassis. A prerequisite for carrying out the machining according to the invention is that the railway wheel or wheel set in question is rotatably mounted in axle bearing housings. The single wheel to be machined or the wheel set can be present when removed, but the individual wheel and wheel set can also be machined when installed.

The wheels and brake discs of rail vehicles wear out due to material removal, plastic deformation as well as braking and skidding processes. For this reason they have to be reprofiled from time to time and this is usually done by machining. When wheelsets are removed, re-profiling is carried out on above-ground lathes that have a high metal removal rate. A disadvantage is, however, the effort ^' for the disassembly and reassembly of the wheelset and that applies especially to the wheelsets of traction vehicles, where prescribed, the entire vehicle after Removal of a drive wheel set to be taken back operationally.

For this reason, the so-called underfloor processing machines were developed, over which the railway vehicle is pulled with built-in wheel sets or drives under its own power. The underfloor processing machines are usually installed in a special hall in a pit below the rail level. Since they are designed for machining heavy vehicles with high cutting forces, they also have a correspondingly high weight. In addition, an underfloor processing machine is required to be attached to a heavy foundation. The investments for systems in which underfloor processing machines are operated are correspondingly large. Compared to above-ground processing machines, the machining performance of below-ground processing machines is somewhat lower.

For railway and mass transit companies that operate with only a few vehicles, the investment in a wheelset processing machine, be it an above-ground or an under-floor processing machine, is hardly economical. Such companies have therefore begun to expand the wheel sets to be machined and to send them to specialist workshops, where the re-profiling of the wheel disks and machining of the brake disks can be carried out. But there are also only a few workshops on the main lines that are equipped with wheelset processing machines. The consequence of this is that extended wheel sets or entire trains or wagons can sometimes be re-profiled over long distances have to be transferred. Especially in times of difficult operation, for example in autumn or winter, there are many wheel sets that have to be reprofiled in between. In between in this sense means that the wheel sets or wheels have to be revised between the actual, operationally determined revision intervals. The weather conditions of autumn with rain and falling leaves lead to a high demand for wheel set machining at many rail transport companies. Sometimes the capacity of the wheelset processing machines installed is not sufficient to cover the peak demand. Exchange times, unavailability, transport and logistics costs are added to the actual processing costs for the wheelsets.

The object of the present invention results from this to create a universal wheelset processing machine which can be used at different locations if required. This is intended to reduce the transport of railway wheels, wheel sets, locomotives, trains or wagons and at the same time the machine should work with sufficient accuracy for re-profiling wheel or machining brake discs. The machine is said to have both its own

Energy supply facilities should be provided, but it should also be possible to connect them to existing energy supply facilities of specialist workshops. In particular, the machine is intended to serve both for processing individual, removed railway wheels or wheel sets and for railway wheels or wheel sets that remain installed in the railway vehicle. The object is achieved by a method for reprofiling wheel disks or brake disks of a railway wheel or wheel set rotatably mounted in bearing housings by machining with a machine tool

- Is designed to be portable, wherein

- The railroad wheel or the wheel set of a tensioning element, which engages at least one bearing housing with a wheel disc on the circumference of which is pressed against support rollers, of which at least one

- The railroad wheel or the wheelset rotated while simultaneously

- a tool works one of the wheel or brake discs of the railway wheel or wheel set.

An essential idea of the invention is that the device used for the machining of the wheel or brake discs is portable, i.e. is mobile. The device is thus no longer tied to a specific place of use, but can be brought to the rail vehicle to be serviced and moved into the processing position.

Both brake disks which are integrated into the wheel disk of a railroad wheel and those which are fastened to the shaft of a wheel set are suitable for the processing of brake disks. The outline profile of a wheel disc with which the railway wheel set or the wheel set rolls on the rail is usually machined. This can be the outline profile of the same wheel disc of a wheel set which is set in rotation at the same time. But it can also be edited the outline profile of the wheel disc of a wheel set, which of the driven Wheel disc is opposite. Such processing - on the opposite side of a wheel set can be advantageous if additional devices, such as generators, etc., are flanged onto one of the axle bearing housings. While the outline of both the tread and the flange or tread and flange are machined in their outline, the re-profiling of brake disks is regularly limited to planning these disks.

The machining can be done by machining, be it by turning, milling, rotary milling or grinding. However, machining can also be provided in which the machined or machined surface is solidified with the aid of a tool, as is known, for example, from smooth rolling.

In addition, it is provided that the railway wheel or the wheel set is subjected to an ultrasound test before or after the post-processing. In a similar sense, the intention is to measure the railroad wheel or the wheel set before or after the reprofiling. The usual measurement methods are known to the relevant average specialist.

The invention also relates to a machine tool for carrying out the method. This machine tool is characterized by a portable support frame. It is equipped with a clamping element for gripping a closed inner and / or outer bearing housing of a railway wheel or wheel set. In addition, at least two support rollers are provided, which are opposite the tensioning element at a mutual distance can be pressed against one another on the outer circumference of the wheel disc, on the bearing housing (s) of which the tensioning element acts, at least one of the support rollers being provided with a drive. In addition, the portable machine also has a tool for machining the wheel or brake discs of the railway wheel or wheel set. Such a tool is usually arranged on a support and carries out the machining at a point on the circumference of the wheel disk where the support rollers do not engage.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the frame of the machine tool is mounted on rollers or wheels and can be moved over the hall. With the help of the rollers or wheels, the

Wheelset processing machine can be brought to any point in a workshop that offers the best space. With the help of the hoists usually available in a workshop, the railway wheel or the wheelset is placed on the

Wheelset processing machine lifted and, if necessary, held while the processing takes place. This is especially true for railway wheels or wheel sets in the dismantled state, although sometimes there is not even a workshop, but a suitable place, covered or outdoors, on the factory premises may suffice.

The situation is different with built-in railway wheels or wheel sets. In the installed state, the railway wheel or the wheelset is firmly or loosely connected to the associated railway vehicle. For railway vehicles that drive on bogies, the wheel sets are permanently installed in the bogies. Even when installed, the rail wheels or wheel sets can be re-profiled using the machine tool. For this purpose, the railway vehicle is elevated at specially designated lifting points. The elevation is between 1 and 2.5 m above the floor. In this state, the machine tool is pushed under the elevated railway vehicle and brought into engagement with at least one of the railway wheels. The portable machine tool can be retracted from the side of the elevated railway vehicle. However, it is common to store the portable machine tool on rollers or wheels that are guided along the workshop track. Here, the machine tool is pushed in the longitudinal direction under the elevated railway vehicle until it is brought into engagement with a wheel set.

During the machining of a railway wheel or wheel set, a torque acts on the machine tool, which can be absorbed by fastening it to the workshop floor. It is advantageous to attach additional fasteners between the frame and the workshop floor. Forces due to accelerations, here in particular rotational accelerations of vehicle engines located on the wheelset shaft, must also be absorbed by the machine attachment. In this context, a broken tool, for example, could suddenly brake the wheel set and briefly cause forces that exceed the cutting forces of the machining. Normally, the weight forces of the machine tool at their support points on the workshop floor are sufficient to take over the cutting forces. However, the machine tool can also be clamped on the factory track.

On the other hand, the machine tool is designed in such a way that an offset of the machine by a few mm compared to the wheel set during its machining is irrelevant to the machining result. This applies to an offset in the circumferential direction of the wheel set as well as in the axial direction. The intrinsic stiffness of the machine tool is high enough to allow such an offset.

In a further embodiment it is provided to fasten the machine tool on a vehicle. This can be both a road vehicle and a rail vehicle. With the help of such a vehicle, the machine tool is transported to the place of its use. At the same time, further devices can be present on the vehicle which supply the machine tool with the necessary energy, be it electrical energy or be it the energy of a pressure medium, such as hydraulics or pneumatics. In addition, it is advantageous if the vehicle with which the machine tool is transported also has lifting devices with which the lifting or lowering of a railway wheel, a bogie or a wheel set can be carried out for processing on the machine tool. When the machine tool is not fastened, a ramp can be provided, via which the machine tool is moved down from the transport vehicle in order to be set up at the location where the processing should take place. Even in such a case, the energy supply device for the machine can be carried by the transport vehicle, but it is also possible to connect the machine tool to existing infrastructure for supplying energy to a workshop.

The tensioning element with which the bearing housing of the railroad wheel is gripped can be actuated mechanically via a spindle as well as electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically. An electric motor or a motor that can be acted upon by a pressure medium, be it hydraulic or pneumatic, can be provided for driving one or more of the support rollers. Turning, broaching, milling, turning milling, grinding or deep rolling tools can be considered as processing tools. With the help of these tools, the outline of a wheel disc can be machined and the effective areas of a brake disc can be planned. In particular, it is provided that the broaching, milling, turning-milling or grinding tools each have their own drive. The machining tools are usually arranged on supports and machine the wheel disk on its circumference outside the support or drive rollers. For machining railway wheels in the installed state, it is advisable to allow the tensioning elements to act vertically from top to bottom and to arrange the support or drive rollers laterally outside the vertical wheel center. The machining tool can then attack in the vertical alignment below the clamping element. The measuring and testing devices, on the other hand, can be provided at any point on the circumference of the railway wheel to be tested, depending on the space conditions. According to a further advantageous embodiment, a Ultrasonic test head provided, which applies ultrasound to the wheel disc of the railway wheel or a wheel set. A measuring head, which receives the continuous ultrasound pulses, is located opposite the test head.

It is also advantageous to measure the railway wheel to be machined or the wheel disc before machining and also after machining. This ensures the processing success. Mechanical probes or optical triangulation probes are suitable as measuring instruments.

Of course, with the re-profiling of railway wheels and their brake disks according to the invention, high accuracies are sought. This is especially true for high speed bikes. However, vehicles that run at lower speeds, such as freight vehicles or branch line vehicles, can also be satisfied with lower accuracies. The focus here is on avoiding unnecessary wheel set transports or vehicle transfers. Likewise, the machine tool with baffles or

Transport devices for chips equipped, without requiring special mention. The invention is described in more detail below using two exemplary embodiments.

FIGS. 1 and 2 each show side views of two different wheel set processing machines in a highly simplified, schematic representation.

A railway vehicle 2 is elevated above the workshop floor 1 in FIG. The rising is carried out with the aid of vertical columns 3, which are on the side of the workshop floor 1 next to the railway vehicle 2. The railway vehicle 2 itself rests on supports 4 which can be moved vertically in height along the columns 3. The lower edge 5 of the body of the railway vehicle 2 is at a height between 1 and 2.5 m above the workshop floor 1.

FIG. 1 shows the railway vehicle 2 seen from its front side. Connected to the railway vehicle 2 is a wheel set 6 which is suitable for running on a track with its two wheel disks 7. The wheel disks 7 are non-rotatably connected to the wheel set shaft 8 and are rotatably mounted outside the two wheel disks 7 in axle bearing housings 9. In the present example, the wheel set 6 of a traction vehicle 2 is shown, on the wheel set shaft 8 of which a drive motor 10 is additionally arranged. The wheel set 6 is connected to the railway vehicle 2 via the two bearing housings 9; the details of the connection have been omitted in FIG. 1 for reasons of clarity.

Below the elevated railway vehicle 2, the frame 11 of a machine tool 12 is brought into the working position. The frame 11 can be moved with the help of rollers 13 of the wheels along a workshop track (not shown), via which the railway vehicle 2 was previously rolled into the workshop. The width of the frame 11 of the machine tool 12 is dimensioned such that it fits between the columns 3 of the elevation. Clamping elements 14 project upwards on both sides of the frame 11. At their outer upper ends, the clamping members 14 are provided with clamping claws 15, with which they engage from above on the two closed bearing housings 9 of the wheel set 6. The tensioning elements 14 press the wheel set 6 down until the wheel disks 7 come into contact with support rollers 16. In the present example, the support rollers 16 are arranged on an identical shaft 17 which rests on an abutment 18 which is provided in the frame 11 of the machine tool 12. The support rollers 16 are rotatably mounted on the shaft 17 and at least one of the two support rollers 16 has its own drive (not shown), via which the wheel set 6 is rotated when the wheel disc 7 and the support rollers 16 come into contact.

In the present, simplified example, the support rollers 16 are shown as if they were located vertically below the wheel disks 7. In fact, however, they are laterally offset by an angle (not shown) below the vertical wheel center of the wheel disks 7. In total, four such support rollers 16 are provided in FIG. 1. The abutment 18 is designed so that the support rollers 16 can be pressed laterally from below against the wheel discs 7. This elasticity is achieved, for example, in that the abutment 18 is designed as a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder to which pressure generation and a pressure accumulator for the respective pressure medium are assigned. Due to the elastic support, the support rollers 16 can adapt to any roundness of the wheel disks 7 without slippage during the drive. On the frame 11 a ^'support 19 is at least provided, which is, in this case for example a turning tool, equipped with a tool 20th Instead of a single support 19, a further support (not shown) with a corresponding tool 20 can also be arranged on the frame 11. The tool 20 is provided to machine the contour of the wheel discs 7. For this purpose, it is brought into engagement on the circumference of a wheel disc 7. The wheel set 7 is rotated via one of the support rollers 16, while the tool 20 carries out the re-profiling of the wheel disk 7 on the circumference of the wheel disk 7 by chip removal.

A further embodiment of a wheel set processing machine 12 is shown in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. The wheelset processing machine 12 in turn has a frame 11 which can be moved on rollers 21 over a floor on the workshop floor 1. The rollers 21 are not tied to a track, so that the machine tool 12 of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2 can also be pushed laterally next to the supports 3 under the elevated railway vehicle 2.

The wheelset 6 is again connected to the rail vehicle 2. From the frame 11, a clamping member 14 projects upwards, which engages with a clamping claw 15 from above on the bearing housing 9 of the wheel set 6. A support roller 16 rotatably mounted in a shaft 17 of the frame 16 engages on the outer circumference of the wheel disc 7, which is pressed against the support roller 16 via the bearing housing 9. As for the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, it applies to the support roller 16 in FIG. 2 that two support rollers in lateral distance next to each other below the vertical center of the wheel disc 7 are provided.

On a support 19, a turning tool 20 is fastened to the wheel disk 7 in a radial direction. With the help of the turning tool 20, the outline of the wheel disc 7 of the wheel set 6 is also processed here. In the case of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2, only a single wheel disk 7 is machined. After the wheel disc 7 has been finished, the machine tool 12 is pulled out laterally from under the rail vehicle 2 and, for example, on the right half of the illustration selected in FIG. 2 in the direction of arrow 22 again pushed laterally under the rail vehicle 2 in order to close the second wheel disc 7 to edit. In addition to the wheel disks 7, brake disks 23 are also non-rotatably attached to the wheelset shaft 8. The machine tool 12 is also suitable for planning the lateral surfaces 24 of the brake disks 23.

In addition to the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a machine tool 12 according to the invention can be installed anywhere in the open air or in a workshop. A single railway wheel or a wheel set is then fed to the machine tool set up in this way so that the machining can be carried out. After completion of the work, the machine tool is transported to another location, which may have a large spatial distance from the location of the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the two simplified representations of FIGS. 1 and 2, all resources known to the person skilled in the art have been omitted for the sake of clarity, for example Wheelset fastening, drive units, energy supply, energy connections as well as measuring and testing equipment.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 workshop floor

2 railway vehicle

3 pillars

4 support

5 bottom edge

6 wheelset

7 wheel disc

8 wheelset shaft

9 bearing housing

10 drive motor

11 frames

12 machine tool

13 rolls

14 tensioning element

15 clamping claw

16 support roller

17 wave

18 abutments

19 support

20 turning tools

21 roll

22 Direction of transport

23 brake disc

24 side surface

Claims

PA TEN TAN SP RUCHE

1. Method for reprofiling wheel disks or brake disks of a railway wheel or wheel set rotatably mounted in bearing housings by machining with a machine tool

- Is designed to be portable, wherein

- The railroad wheel or the wheel set of a tensioning element which acts on at least one bearing housing • is pressed with a wheel disk on its circumference against support rollers, at least one of which

- The railroad wheel or the wheelset rotated while simultaneously

- A tool works one of the wheel or brake discs.

2. The method of claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß the outline profile of a wheel disc, with which the railway wheel or the wheelset rolls on the rail, is processed.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that ß the outline profile of the same wheel disc of a wheel set is processed, which is set in rotation.

4. The method of claim 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the outline profile of the wheel disc of a wheel set is processed, which is opposite the driven wheel disc.

5. The method of claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that a ß one of the brake discs of a railway wheel or wheel set having brake discs is processed.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß the disks are machined by turning, milling, rotary milling or grinding.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or 6,. D a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the surfaces of the disk to be machined or machined are solidified with a tool.

8. The method according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the railway wheel or the wheelset is checked with ultrasound.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that ß the railway wheel or the wheelset at least before Reprofiling is measured.

10. Machine tool for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by

- A portable support frame (11) with

- A clamping member (14, 15) for engaging a closed inner and / or outer bearing housing (9) of a railway wheel or wheel set (6), and

at least one support roller (16), which can be pressed opposite the tensioning element (14, 15) opposite one another at a mutual distance from one another on the outer circumference of the wheel disc (7), on the bearing housing (-n) (9) of which the tensioning element (14, 15) engages,

- A drive for at least one of the support rollers (16), and

- A tool (20) for machining wheel (7) or brake discs (23) of the railway wheel or wheel set (6).

11. Machine tool according to claim 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d a ß the frame (11) is mounted on rollers (21) which can be moved via the hallway (1).

12. Machine tool according to claim 10, characterized in that the frame (11) is mounted on rollers (13) which can be moved on a track.

13..Tool machine according to claim 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n e e c h n e t, that the frame (11) is attached to a vehicle.

14. Machine tool according to claim 13, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the vehicle is provided with a hoist for lifting or lowering a railway wheel, bogie or wheel set (6) for processing by the machine tool (12).

15. Machine tool according to one of claims 10 to 13, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß the clamping member (14, 15) can be actuated mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically.

16. Machine tool according to one of claims 10 to 13, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß an electric motor or a motor which can be acted upon by a pressure medium is provided as a drive for the support roller (16) or rollers.

17. Machine tool according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that ß a turning (20), broaching, milling, turning milling, grinding or deep rolling tool for machining wheel (7) or brake discs (23) of a railway wheel or wheel set (6) is provided.

18. Machine tool according to claim 17, characterized in that ß the broaching, milling, turning or grinding tool each can be driven by its own drive.

19. Machine tool according to claim 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß a test head is provided for the application of at least one wheel disc of a railroad wheel or wheel set (6) with ultrasound.

20. Machine tool according to claim 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that at least one measuring tool is provided for measuring the geometry of the railway wheel, the brake discs (23) or the wheel set (6) before and / or after the machining.