WO2001080377A1 - Machine electrique - Google Patents

Machine electrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2001080377A1
WO2001080377A1 PCT/DE2001/001340 DE0101340W WO0180377A1 WO 2001080377 A1 WO2001080377 A1 WO 2001080377A1 DE 0101340 W DE0101340 W DE 0101340W WO 0180377 A1 WO0180377 A1 WO 0180377A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrical machine
machine according
grinding brushes
commutator
brushes
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2001/001340
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl-Heinrich Preis
Stefan Ossenkopp
Harald Buehren
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2001080377A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001080377A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/062—Starter drives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/42—Devices for lifting brushes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H02K13/006—Structural associations of commutators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/18—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having displaceable main or auxiliary brushes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/52—Motors acting also as generators, e.g. starting motors used as generators for ignition or lighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/68—Structural association with auxiliary mechanical devices, e.g. with clutches or brakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/14—Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders
    • H02K5/143—Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders for cooperation with commutators
    • H02K5/148—Slidably supported brushes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical machine, in particular a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine, with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
  • starter motors are usually used, which are connected to a voltage source via a starter relay designed as a so-called engagement relay.
  • a pinion of the starter motor is brought into engagement with the internal combustion engine via the starter relay.
  • an external switch for example an ignition switch or starter switch of the motor vehicle, or an external relay.
  • the relatively large starter current which can be greater than 400 A, is switched by a relatively small control current.
  • the starter current overflows main current contacts which can be short-circuited by means of the engagement relay and thus connect the starter motor to the voltage source, in motor vehicles generally the battery.
  • the electrical machine according to the invention offers the advantage that its efficiency is increased. Due to the fact that the grinding brushes, which are used for contacting S ⁇ rom turning windings, are bistable and are designed as switching means for connecting the electrical machine to a voltage source, the arrangement of an additional switching means for the motor current, in the preferred application here for the starter current an internal combustion engine, unnecessary. Thus, only the transition between the grinding brushes and the contact surface of the commutator are located in the current path as contact points, while the main current contacts with their contact resistances, which are present in the prior art, are omitted. Through the bi-stable storage of the brushes they can be on the one hand 'in the Shift switch position "On" and on the other hand to switch position "Off".
  • the grinding brushes form the switching means for switching the electrical machine on and off, so that the arrangement of further contacts can be dispensed with.
  • At least one of the grinding brushes can be brought into contact with the contact surface of the commutator, in particular in front of the other grinding brushes, in order to achieve the switch position "on". In this way, it is advantageously achieved that a speed gradation of the motor can be realized.
  • the at least one grinding brush which can be brought into contact beforehand forms a series resistor which is designed to have a correspondingly high resistance, so that a speed setting can be achieved in a simple manner by changing the total armature resistance.
  • the grinding brushes can be individually shifted into the two switching positions by an associated actuator, which is preferably designed as a lifting magnet. 'By activating the actuators, in particular the solenoids, a targeted switch-on behavior can be achieved.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the grinding brushes can be shifted into the respective switching positions via mechanical transmission elements.
  • the mechanical transmission elements are formed by a switching mechanism consisting of cam disks, an eccentric arrangement, a link guide or the like. This ensures safe switching behavior even under relatively robust operating conditions, such as occur, for example, when used in motor vehicles.
  • Figures an electrical machine in a first 1 to 3 embodiment
  • Figures an electrical machine in a second 4 and 5 embodiment; Figures an electrical machine in a third 6 and 7 embodiment;
  • Figures an electrical machine in a fourth 8 to 10 embodiment
  • FIG. 1 An electrical machine in a fifth 11 to 13 embodiment. Description of the embodiments
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view through an electrical machine 10.
  • the electrical machine 10 has in a housing 12 a non-rotatably arranged excitation winding 14 which surrounds a rotatably mounted armature 16 (rotor). Inside the armature 16 there are arranged current transformer windings, not shown in detail, which can be contacted via a commutator 18.
  • the commutator 18 forms an annular surface 20 which has contacts (copper lamellae) and insulator sections which are spaced apart over the circumference.
  • grinding brushes 22 are arranged, which are used to contact the commutator windings in the armature 16.
  • the electrical machine 10 is to be used as a starter motor for an internal combustion engine ercer .
  • an armature shaft 24 is extended over the housing II and carries a pinion 26 which engages in a countershaft transmission, not shown.
  • a pinion 26 engages in a countershaft transmission, not shown.
  • the electrical machine 10 To operate the electrical machine 10 (hereinafter also referred to as the arttartemotor 10), it must be connected to a voltage source, usually the motor vehicle battery in motor vehicles. According to the invention, the design of the grinding brushes 22 explained in more detail below serves this purpose.
  • the electrical machine 10 comprises a total of four grinding brushes 22, as can be seen in the top view in FIG. 3.
  • the grinding brushes 22 consist of an electrically conductive material and serve to make electrical contact with the commutator windings arranged in the armature 16.
  • the two grinding brushes 22 shown at the top in FIG. 3 are arranged within a magnetic yoke 28 which is surrounded by a coil 30.
  • the grinding brushes 22 comprise an armature 32 (which does not come into contact with the contact surface 20).
  • the A ker 32 forms a collar 34 on which a spring element 36 is supported.
  • the spring element 36 is supported on the other hand on a fixed bearing 38.
  • Such a configuration ensures that the abrasive brushes 22 shown above can be used as switching means for connecting the electrical machine 10 to a voltage source.
  • the grinding brushes 22 are arranged in a bistable manner, that is to say they can be shifted into a switch position "on” and a switch position "off".
  • the coils 30 are connected via a connection contact 40 to an on switch, for example an ignition switch in the motor vehicle.
  • an on switch for example an ignition switch in the motor vehicle.
  • a main current contact 40 is provided, via which the grinding brushes 22 are connected to the voltage source, for example the motor vehicle battery.
  • the electrical machine 10 can be connected to a voltage source by simple means.
  • the starter current there is no further contact point (apart from the contact points between grinding brushes 22 and commutator 18, which are in principle present anyway).
  • a reduction in the electrical resistance (contact resistances) is thus achieved via the known designs with additional main current contacts.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 the grinding brushes 22 are thus controlled via electrically controllable lifting magnets.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a modified embodiment of an electrical machine 10, in which the grinding brushes 22 are also controlled by means of a solenoid control.
  • FIG. 4 shows a complete starting device 44, which comprises the electrical machine 10. Furthermore, a countershaft transmission 46, a freewheel 48 and a pinion 50 which can be brought into engagement with a toothed ring of the internal combustion engine are shown.
  • the electrical machine 10 in turn comprises the commutator 18 with the contact surface 20.
  • the grinding brushes 22 can be displaced axially to the armature 16 here Assigned solenoids 52, the armatures 32 'of which each form a slide guide 54, which are in contact with rr.i a guide element 56 of the grinding brushes 22.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 schematically show a further embodiment variant for bistable storage of the grinding brushes 22.
  • the grinding brushes 22 are connected to rocker arms 62 mounted in bearing points 60.
  • One end of the rocker arms 62 is in each case firmly connected to the grinding brushes 22 or holding elements or the like arranged thereon.
  • An eccentric 64 which has an eccentricity e, acts on the other ends - opposite the bearing points 60 - of the rocker arms 62. figure
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the switching state "off".
  • the rocker arms 62 are pivoted about the bearing points 60.
  • the rocker arms 62 are pivoted about the bearing points 60, so that the grinding brushes 22 are displaced radially outward. As a result, these lift off from the contact surface 20. This displacement takes place against the force of spring elements 66.
  • the eccentric 64 is again shifted by 180 °, so that the rocker arms 62 are pivoted about the bearing points 60 by the force of the spring elements 66.
  • the grinding brushes 22 are guided onto the contact surface 20.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 show a further embodiment variant of an electrical machine 10 with the grinding brushes 22 designed according to the invention as switching means.
  • Figure 8 shows a partially cut side view.
  • 9 shows a sectional illustration along the line A-A
  • FIG. 10 shows a sectional illustration of the line B-B from FIG.
  • the same parts as in the previous figures are provided with the same reference numerals and are not explained again.
  • a cam gear 68 is arranged here parallel to the armature shaft 24.
  • the cam gear 68 is separate from the Moccrv.-elle 14 rotatably mounted.
  • the cam wheel 68 has a switching contour 70 on its outer circumference, which is in operative contact with switching rollers 72.
  • the switching rollers 72 are fixedly connected to the carriers 74 receiving the grinding brushes 22.
  • the cam gear 68 is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on a selector shaft 76 which has external teeth 78 at least in some areas.
  • the external toothing 78 meshes with a pinion 80, which is arranged on a drive shaft 82 of a small motor 84.
  • the small motor -84 is actuated in order to transfer the grinding brushes 22 into the switch position g "on” or switch position "off".
  • the switching shaft 76 and thus the cam wheel 68 are rotated coaxially with the armature shaft 24, so that, according to the switching contour 70, the grinding brushes 22 are lifted off the commutator 18 or on the. Impact commutator 18.
  • the small motor 84 can be selected as a stepper motor so that the cam wheel 68 is angularly adjusted by exactly one switching step.
  • the point in time at which the individual grinding brushes 22 stop can be determined in a simple manner.
  • FIGS. 11, 12 and 13 A further embodiment variant is shown with reference to FIGS. 11, 12 and 13, the same parts as in previous figures again being provided with the same reference symbols.
  • a lever control of the grinding brushes 22 takes place here for transferring them into the switching positions "on” or "off".
  • the selector shaft 76 in turn has an external toothing 78 which meshes with a pinion 80 of a small motor 84. Furthermore, the selector shaft 76 has a further external toothing 86 which meshes with rotatably mounted shift levers 88. The shift lever 88 have teeth that mesh the external teeth 86.
  • the function of this lever control is clear from FIGS. 12 and 13, the switching position “off” of the grinding brushes 22 being shown in FIGS. 12a and 13a and the switching position “on” of the grinding brushes 22 being shown in FIGS. 12b and 13b.
  • the representations in FIGS. 12 and 13 correspond to the sectional representations of FIG. 11 along lines AA and BB, respectively.
  • the shift lever 88 is pivotally mounted about an axis of rotation 90.
  • a swivel arm 92 is connected to the carrier 74 of the grinding brushes 22.
  • the point in time at which the brushes 22 hit the commutator 18 can be determined.
  • one of the grinding brushes 22 can hit the commutator 18 earlier than the other grinding brushes 22 to achieve the soft start of the electrical machine 10.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)

Abstract

Machine électrique, en particulier moteur de démarreur destiné à faire démarrer un moteur à combustion interne, qui est doté d'un induit monté rotatif à l'intérieur d'une bobine d'excitation. Ledit induit comporte des bobinages commutateurs pouvant être mis en contact par l'intermédiaire d'un commutateur et un dispositif de mise en contact comprenant des balais, destiné à la mise en contact des bobinages commutateurs. Selon la présente invention, les balais (22) sont montés de manière bistable et conçus en tant que moyens de commutation pour la connexion de la machine électrique (10) à une source de tension.
PCT/DE2001/001340 2000-04-14 2001-04-06 Machine electrique WO2001080377A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10018467.7 2000-04-14
DE2000118467 DE10018467A1 (de) 2000-04-14 2000-04-14 Elektrische Maschine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001080377A1 true WO2001080377A1 (fr) 2001-10-25

Family

ID=7638700

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2001/001340 WO2001080377A1 (fr) 2000-04-14 2001-04-06 Machine electrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10018467A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001080377A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6822544B2 (en) 2002-04-03 2004-11-23 Denso Corporation Magnet switch for starter
US6884434B1 (en) 1998-03-30 2005-04-26 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Transdermal therapeutic system which contains a d2 agonist and which is provided for treating parkinsonism, and a method for the production thereof
FR2994514A1 (fr) * 2012-08-09 2014-02-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Moteur electrique de demarreur

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004024976B4 (de) * 2004-05-21 2008-01-24 Motorenfabrik Hatz Gmbh & Co. Kg Startvorrichtung für Stromerzeuger als Einheit aus Verbrennungsmotor und Generator
DE102016225771A1 (de) 2016-12-21 2018-06-21 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Elektrische Maschine sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer elektrischen Maschine
FR3071975A1 (fr) * 2017-10-02 2019-04-05 Psa Automobiles Sa Demarreur de moteur thermique avec un carter arriere facilitant le remplacement des balais

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB569351A (en) * 1941-07-11 1945-05-18 Jack & Heintz Inc Improvements in brush lifting mechanism for electric motors
DE2510431A1 (de) * 1975-03-11 1976-09-16 Kirsch Kg Bernhard Elektrische maschine mit auf ihrer welle angeordneten schleifringkoerpern, kollektoren oder dergleichen und schleifkontakten
FR2735626A1 (fr) * 1995-02-17 1996-12-20 Honda Motor Co Ltd Ensemble combine demarreur-generateur equipant un vehicule
JPH09310666A (ja) * 1996-05-20 1997-12-02 Denso Corp スタータ

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1812685U (de) * 1959-12-09 1960-06-09 Diehl Fa Gleichstrom-kleinstmotor.
DE1268266B (de) * 1964-12-03 1968-05-16 Bosch Gmbh Robert Temperaturueberwachung fuer eine elektrische Kleinmaschine mit Schleifbuersten
DE19619728B4 (de) * 1996-05-15 2006-06-08 Siemens Ag Steckbürstenhalter einer elektrischen Maschine sowie eine Einrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Überwachen von Bürsten

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB569351A (en) * 1941-07-11 1945-05-18 Jack & Heintz Inc Improvements in brush lifting mechanism for electric motors
DE2510431A1 (de) * 1975-03-11 1976-09-16 Kirsch Kg Bernhard Elektrische maschine mit auf ihrer welle angeordneten schleifringkoerpern, kollektoren oder dergleichen und schleifkontakten
FR2735626A1 (fr) * 1995-02-17 1996-12-20 Honda Motor Co Ltd Ensemble combine demarreur-generateur equipant un vehicule
JPH09310666A (ja) * 1996-05-20 1997-12-02 Denso Corp スタータ

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 04 31 March 1998 (1998-03-31) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6884434B1 (en) 1998-03-30 2005-04-26 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Transdermal therapeutic system which contains a d2 agonist and which is provided for treating parkinsonism, and a method for the production thereof
US6822544B2 (en) 2002-04-03 2004-11-23 Denso Corporation Magnet switch for starter
FR2994514A1 (fr) * 2012-08-09 2014-02-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Moteur electrique de demarreur

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