WO2001076695A2

WO2001076695A2 - Machine and equipment combination for rescue purposes in catastrophes and for fire-fighting in extended chambers, preferably tunnels

Info

Publication number: WO2001076695A2
Application number: PCT/EP2001/003254
Authority: WO
Inventors: Klaus Spies
Original assignee: Klaus Spies
Priority date: 2000-03-23
Filing date: 2001-03-22
Publication date: 2001-10-18
Also published as: WO2001076695A3; DE10014544A1; AU2001262124A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine and equipment combination for the deployment of rescue teams and the rescue of people and objects and for the deployment of extinguishing units and the extinguishing in catastrophes, above all of fires in extended chambers, above all in tunnels. According to the invention, said machine and equipment combinations may be further developed such that the extinguishing unit is deployed more quickly and securely at the accident site and the victims can be evacuated more quickly and more safely, whereby the rescue and extinguishing vehicles travel in the upper section of the tunnel cross-section above the highest permitted height (3) for the through traffic, by means of an external or internal drive along corresponding guides and support devices (6, 7, 8).

Description

Machine and device combination for rescue purposes in the event of disasters and for fighting fires in elongated rooms, preferably

tunnels

In the past decade, the number of serious accidents, catastrophes and fires in long tunnels, especially in road tunnels, has increased significantly, although unfortunately the number and casualties have increased significantly due to the severity and devastating effects. In tunnels with two tubes, there is the option of saving oneself in the neighboring tube by connecting doors or connecting tubes arranged at certain intervals. Similarly, the rescue teams find access to the scene of the accident via the neighboring tube, and fire trucks can also be brought close to the location of the accident via the neighboring tube.

However, many long tunnels have only one tunnel tube, so that accidents and fires spread to disasters in heavy traffic because the entrances are blocked on both sides. Particularly after the last two disasters in the Mont Blanc and Tauern tunnels, understandably there has been a demand to avoid such accidents by opening a second tunnel tube. This causes extraordinary costs and - even with today's high speeds of advance with modern equipment - takes several years before a state of increased safety can be achieved.

Taking this situation, which characterizes the current situation in many tunnels, into consideration, it is the object of the invention, both in tunnels which consist of only one tube and in tunnels with two tubes to bring rescue teams and fire-fighting equipment quickly and safely and to also be able to safely evacuate people at risk. The advantages of the device according to the invention with the associated method are of course also effective in tunnels which consist of two or more tubes.

The solution to this problem is based on the following inventive ideas. In long tunnels, which consist of only one tube, accidents, especially fires, usually turn into catastrophes if the access roads are blocked by vehicle jams on both sides or, in worse cases, even by accidents. Rescue teams can be very difficult, and rescue or fire trucks cannot get to the scene of the accident.

In almost all tunnels, there is a sufficiently large, usually dome-like clearance above the highest vehicle height permitted for passage, through which rescue and / or fire-fighting vehicles sliding along rails or guides can be brought to the scene of the accident even when the tunnel tubes are completely blocked by traffic jams , In tunnels that have so-called "suspended" ceilings, the circular or almost circular cross-section in the tunnel ridge is designed as an additional cavity for ventilation purposes, so that - if there is a lack of space above the largest permissible vehicle height - the suspended ceiling should be placed in something For rock mechanics reasons or for better pressure absorption, almost all tunnels in the area of the roof have a circular or almost circular outer cross section.

Based on these requirements given by the cross-sectional shape and the design of the tunnels, the solution to the problem according to the invention consists of a combination of machines and devices for introducing rescue teams and for rescuing people and objects, as well as for bringing extinguishers and extinguishing in the event of disasters, especially in the case of Fires in that the rescue and fire trucks or trains in the upper area of the Tunnel cross-section above the largest permissible height for through traffic by external or self-propelled on appropriate guide and support devices.

In addition, the invention provides that the drive of the rescue and fire-fighting trains is ensured even when no more oxygen is present in the surrounding tunnel atmosphere or any energy supply from outside has collapsed. This can be done, for example, in such a way that the drive is carried out by electric motors, the energy requirements of which are taken from an accumulator battery carried in the rescue and fire-fighting train. Alternatively, internal combustion engines, e.g. B. Diesel engines are used, for whose oxygen demand sufficient oxygen or compressed air is carried in appropriate pressure vessels. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the electric motors are arranged in the longitudinal axis of the rescue and fire-fighting train and the kinetic energy is transmitted to the drive wheels by means of a transfer case. It is also advantageous if there are several drives on each rescue and fire truck. In order to be able to drive through extremely hot areas, the driving vehicle wheels are friction wheels; which are made of heat-resistant fabrics or are provided with heat-resistant coverings. In a particularly advantageous embodiment variant of the invention, in order to achieve high driving speeds, it is provided that the feed forces are generated by crawler tracks, which preferably also consist of heat-resistant components. Furthermore, the invention provides that the drives of the rescue and fire trucks - in relation to the accident site - are arranged in the direction of the tunnel exits.

In a further embodiment of this basic concept of the invention, it is provided that at least two parallel tracks are present in order to allow the rescue and fire-fighting vehicles to drive in oncoming traffic. To ensure a traffic flow that meets the requirements in emergency and catastrophe situations, transitions with mechanical switches are arranged at certain intervals between the two tracks. It is provided that the track sections consisting of guide and support devices are suspended from the tunnel ceiling, fixed by rock anchors in the overlying mountains or carried by supports arranged on the side of the tunnel walls. So that the pyramid-shaped suspension construction for the guiding and carrying device cannot warp even when exposed to heat, it is poured into concrete or covered with heat-repellent materials. The tracks can consist of only one guide and support device, in accordance with the previously known monorail monorail system used in mining. In another variant of the system according to the invention, the guide and support devices can consist of concrete profiles or preferably of prestressed concrete profiles in order to avoid warping when exposed to heat. This can be achieved in a particularly advantageous manner in that the concrete or prestressed concrete profiles consisting of individual sections are fastened directly to the tunnel ridge.

The locomotives or the vehicles with the drive units can be operated remotely without human intervention and the activities of the rescue vehicles can be remotely controlled or triggered automatically. In addition, the invention provides that the fire engines are preferably arranged in the direction of the accident in the trains or train sections and that the fire fighting process is triggered automatically, temperature-dependent or automatically, for example by temperature sensors or fuses.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the extinguishing is carried out with a pressure mist made from the finest water droplets, as is already known elsewhere. The pressure mist is generated in that water of very high pressure is pressed through specially designed nozzles of extremely small diameter. The very high pressure required for this can be built up in pressure boilers according to the invention by igniting explosive cartridges arranged in these boilers or hydraulically connected to these boilers and the resulting high gas pressure pushing the liquid through the nozzles of extremely small diameter.

With such pressure mists, the extinguishing is possible in a particularly advantageous manner because the very fine water droplets that cover the entire Fill in the tunnel cross-section, evaporate through the heat of the fire, the water vapor keeps the oxygen away from the source of the fire and cools the source of the fire. This causes the flames to suffocate. In closed rooms, such as in tunnels, this type of extinguishing has a particularly advantageous effect because the water vapor is kept in the cross-section of the tunnel and thereby better prevents the supply of oxygen than in the case of fires that take place outdoors.

For the purpose of better utilization of space in the area of the upper tunnel dome, the invention further provides that the individual vehicles of the rescue and fire-fighting train enclose the guide and carrying devices, the roller sets and / or the suspensions laterally. According to the invention, the rescue and fire-fighting vehicles, with which the rescue teams, fire-fighting and auxiliary devices and objects for medical emergency care can be brought in as well as people who are at risk or injured can be rescued, are pressure-encapsulated and thermally insulated, if necessary connected to compressed air or oxygen tanks or cylinders, to ensure breathing within the emergency vehicles even in smoke or fire clouds. It is particularly advantageous if there is a slight excess pressure inside the rescue vehicles, so that the penetration of toxic swaths is absolutely excluded. According to the invention, auxiliary devices for rescuing and caring for injured persons are contained within the rescue vehicles.

In order to also be able to carry out clean-up work with the rescue and fire-fighting trains, vehicles with gripping, cutting and lifting devices are provided according to the invention, the gripping, cutting and lifting devices preferably being arranged on booms which can be moved. In order to be able to absorb the moments that arise during the clearing-up, extendable support devices according to the invention are arranged on the carrier vehicles, which allow bracing on the tunnel walls during the clearing-up work.

Structure and mode of operation of the machine and device combination for introducing rescue teams and for rescuing people and Objects and for introducing fire extinguishers, for extinguishing in the event of disasters, especially in the case of fires in elongated rooms, especially tunnels, are illustrated and explained using 11 exemplary embodiments. In detail show:

Fig. 1 shows the schematic representation of a

Cross section through a road tunnel;

Fig. 2 shows the schematic representation of the

Side view of a rescue and fire truck;

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a

Cross section through a rescue and fire truck with drive units;

Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a

Crawler undercarriage to generate the feed force using

Concrete tracks;

Fig. 5 shows the schematic representation of two

Rescue vehicles with optimal

Space utilization in the area of the tunnel dome;

Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the

Attach one from only one at a time

Guide and support device for existing track system on the tunnel ceiling or ridge;

Fig. 7 shows a solution in which the

Track systems are laterally supported by beams arranged on the inner circumference of the tunnel;

Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of a

Tunnel cross-section for one

Railway tunnel with contact wire, in which the rescue system is located in the roof;

Fig. 9 extinguishing a tunnel fire with a pressure mist consisting of small water droplets from

Rescue vehicle from;

Fig. 10 shows the schematic structure of the generation system for the pressure mist when using explosive cartridges and

11 shows the schematic representation of a carrier vehicle with gripping, cutting and lifting devices;

Fig. 12 is a schematic representation of a cross section through the machine and device combination according to the invention in a further embodiment.

Figure 1 contains the schematic representation of the cross section of a two-lane road tunnel with oncoming traffic and two tall vehicles 1 and 2, with 3 representing the permissible vehicle height. Two-lane tunnels with oncoming traffic represent the most unfavorable starting point for the machine and device combination according to the invention. With larger tunnels, the system can be better accommodated in the tunnel dome.

Of the two rescue and fire trucks 4 and 5 shown, the vehicles 4 are moved along two guide and support devices 6 and 7, the vehicles 5 along only one guide and support device 8. Such combinations will not exist in practice because either one or the other guidance and support system is used. In the schematic representation, this combination only serves the purpose of presenting both system alternatives. The guide and support structures are suspended from the tunnel ceiling by means of stable and dimensionally stable holding devices 9 and 10. Roller sets 11, on which the vehicles 4 and 5 are suspended, run in the guide and support devices on both sides of the rails 6, 7 and 8 on the respective lower flanges of the supports. The vehicles are dimensioned so that their lower edge is at a sufficient safety distance from line 3, the highest permissible vehicle height.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a rescue and fire truck in a schematic representation from the side view. Basically, rescue and fire trucks consist of the combination of different vehicles, which - depending on the respective need - can be combined with one another in almost any way. The different vehicles are vehicles with drive units, vehicles with accumulator batteries, passenger vehicles for the rescue teams, passenger vehicles for the transport of rescued and injured persons, vehicles with extinguishing devices, vehicles with receptacles for the extinguishing agent, preferably extinguishing liquid, vehicles with regulating and control devices, carrier vehicles for gripping devices -, cutting and lifting devices as well as completely different vehicles from case to case. All of these vehicles are constructed and insulated so that they can pass through areas with extremely high temperatures during tunnel fires.

The rescue and fire-fighting vehicles can also be put together in such a way that only a part of the aforementioned vehicle types are used. For example, a particularly useful combination for unmanned, remote-controlled extinguishing is that a train enters the tunnel that contains a vehicle with extinguishing devices on the fire side, behind it one or more vehicles with tanks, in which the extinguishing agent is located. Then follows the vehicle with the drive units and in the direction of the tunnel exit, the vehicle with the accumulator battery and another vehicle with control devices. Such unmanned trains must be equipped with inspection cameras in order to carry out the deletion process in a targeted manner. The rescue and fire-fighting train shown in FIG. 2 is not shown contiguously because of the better use of space for the drawing. It consists of a vehicle for the accumulator battery 12, a drive unit 13, a vehicle with control and regulating devices 14, a vehicle with gripping, cutting and lifting devices 15, a vehicle for people to be rescued - seen from the tunnel exit side towards the fire 16, a vehicle for the rescue team 17, a further drive unit 13, a vehicle with the extinguishing liquid tanks 18 and the vehicle with the extinguishing devices 19.

The vehicles for the rescue teams 17 and for people to be rescued 16 are - as can be seen from section A-A - wider than the other vehicles. It is thereby achieved that the rescue teams can look past the other vehicles of the rescue and fire-fighting vehicle in the direction of travel forwards and backwards through the lateral vehicle parts 20 protruding from the vehicles 17 and 16 and - through the bevels 21 - can observe the tunnel ridges and the tunnel sole ,

Located in front of the fire truck 19 - arranged on articulated booms 22 _: the mist nozzles, through which the pressure mist 23 consisting of extremely small water droplets is generated, which fills the entire tunnel cross section and causes the fire to suffocate. In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, not shown, it is of course also possible to use conventional extinguishing devices.

The rescue and fire-fighting train shown in FIG. 2 is suspended from a guiding and carrying device 8. Likewise, advantageous embodiment variants are conceivable, which move along two guide and support devices. The vehicles 12, 13, 14, 15, 18 and 19 hang under the guiding and carrying device 8, the vehicles 16 and 17 enclose the guiding and carrying device 8 according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 5 for the purpose of better use of space in the upper tunnel calotte. Figure 3 shows a cross section through a rescue and fire truck in the area of the drive units. In the embodiment variant shown, the electric motor 24 fed from the vehicle 12 with the accumulator battery is arranged in the longitudinal axis. The power is routed via a transfer case 25 and cardan shafts 26 to two transmissions 27, on the output sides of which the drive wheels 28 are arranged. These are pressed against the vertical web of the guide and support device 8 by a power source - in the exemplary embodiment shown, a spring 29. The amount of contact pressure and the friction factor between the guide and support device 8 and drive wheels 28 determine the transferable power. In order to be able to drive through areas of high heat, the drive wheels are made of heat-resistant materials or are provided with heat-resistant friction linings.

Instead of the electric motors 24, internal combustion engines, e.g. B. diesel engines occur, for which in this case an air or oxygen-filled air tank is carried, which covers the oxygen demand of the internal combustion engines. In this way - similar to the electric drive - the drives do not need an external supply of atmospheric oxygen. The drives with internal combustion engines therefore work perfectly even when there is no more atmospheric oxygen available as a result of the tunnel fire.

The weight of all vehicles of the rescue and fire-fighting train is absorbed by trolleys 30, which run on the lower flanges of the guide and support devices 8 and in which the roller sets 11 are located.

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of the machine and device combination according to the invention for rescue purposes and for fighting fires in tunnels, which particularly meets the extreme requirements which must be observed in the event of such disasters. The extremely high heat in the vicinity of the fire entails the risk that the guidance and support devices, as well as their fastenings or brackets, will warp at the top of the tunnel. On the other hand, the rescue and fire-fighting trains have to be brought extremely quickly and as far as possible to the site of the disaster. That is shown in the Exemplary embodiment achieved by two special technical concepts: On the one hand, the guiding and carrying device is designed as a stable, distortion-free concrete beam, on the other hand, instead of the drive wheels, small crawler tracks are used, which run on the lower flanges of the concrete beams and allow much higher driving speeds than the conventional ones Driving wheels pressed against clamping forces.

The concrete beams 31, which are easy to mass produce in precast plants, consist of reinforced concrete, preferably prestressed concrete with prestressed steel strands. They are fastened by anchor screws or rock anchors 32 in the tunnel wall and / or in the rock shell surrounding the tunnel shell. In another embodiment variant, not shown, there is also the possibility of also pouring the concrete guide and support device directly during the manufacture of the concrete shell. In this case, however, only normal conventional reinforcements and no prestressed concrete strands can be used.

Double crawler tracks 34, the drive energy of which is generated analogously to FIG. 3 by an electric motor (not shown) and corresponding gear units in the vehicle 13, run as drive units on the lower flanges 33 of the guide and support devices designed as concrete beams. Horizontal support rollers, also not shown, which are pressed on by springs, ensure that the double crawler tracks cannot come into contact laterally with the inner walls of the guiding and carrying device.

The combination of guide and support devices made of concrete and double crawler tracks makes it possible to reach travel speeds of 50 to 70 km / h.

In Figure 5, two possible embodiments for rescue and fire trucks are shown in a schematic representation with the associated guide and support devices. First, a system that is guided along a guide and support device 8, and second, a variant with two guide and support devices 6 and 7, which are essential allows larger vehicle widths. In order to make the best possible use of the relatively low height in the tunnel cap above line 3, the highest permitted vehicle height, the vehicles of the rescue and fire-fighting vehicle have been designed in both construction variants in such a way that they guide and carrying devices, the roller sets and / or enclose the suspensions in areas 35 and 36 on the sides. Because of the relatively low height available in many tunnels in the area of the calotte, rescue and fire-fighting trains in the broad embodiment shown can be designed such that the vehicle height is only at most 1.0 to 1.2 m and still all functions of the rescue and extinguishing train can be realized. In such cases, both the rescue teams and the people to be rescued would be in the appropriate vehicles provided for this purpose.

In the enlarged section from the area of the guide and support devices 7, the support rollers 11, the support roller axis 37 and the suspension brackets 38 for the vehicles of the rescue and fire-fighting train are shown as components of the support cats 30.

FIG. 6 shows the fastening of a track system consisting of only one guiding and supporting device to the tunnel ceiling or ridge. The guide and support device 8 is connected via adjustment devices 39 to a pyramid-shaped suspension structure 40, the inverted curved base plate 41 of which rests on the tunnel wall and is fastened in the tunnel wall and the surrounding mountain range by rock anchors 42 - in the illustrated embodiment adhesive bars. The pyramid-shaped suspension structure is either made short and solid or - as in the example shown - surrounded by concrete 43 and / or heat-repellent or heat-insulating materials 44 in order to avoid warping even at extremely high temperatures. Thanks to the concrete covering, the geometric shape of the steel structure is maintained even at extremely high temperatures and a shifting of the tracks or the guiding and supporting devices is avoided. It is important when arranging and attaching the guiding and carrying devices - regardless of whether it is rescue and fire-fighting systems with one or two guiding and carrying devices per track - in addition to absorbing the weight forces acting on the carrying cats 30 of the individual Vehicles result, and the dynamic forces resulting from the movement of the vehicle, above all the requirement that the guidance and support systems and thus the track lines must not warp, even at extremely high temperatures, in order to ensure trouble-free driving at high speeds. The system shown in FIG. 7 must also meet this requirement, in which the static and dynamic forces generated in the guiding and carrying devices are transmitted to the tunnel wall at certain intervals. In the right part of FIG. 7, a support system is shown schematically, in which a support, preferably lattice support 45, is arranged on the tunnel wall, which is held in position by short anchors, preferably adhesive bars 46, and which supports the support forces via the console 47 cast into the tunnel wall derives. In a particularly advantageous embodiment according to section AA, the lattice girder is constructed in such a way that a curved plate 48 lies against the tunnel wall and is connected to a solid material rod or tube 49 via wire-shaped webs 50 to form a girder system. Such lattice girders can be produced in an extremely simple manner, fully mechanized and inexpensively, and can be covered with concrete after or before installation in a manner not shown, so that warping under the influence of heat is avoided. If the rescue and extinguishing system is already included in the construction of the tunnel, the lattice girders can be connected to the reinforcement of the tunnel wall prior to the installation of the in-situ concrete or in recesses that are left free when the in-situ concrete is introduced.

A short lattice girder 51 is provided on the left-hand side of FIG. 7 and can preferably also be designed according to section AA. This carrier is constructed in such a way that the static and dynamic forces occurring during driving operation are discharged into the tunnel wall and the surrounding mountain range via longer rock bolts 42 - in the exemplary embodiment shown, Klebanker. This carrier is also not in shown encased in concrete in order to exclude warping with heat with certainty.

The rescue and extinguishing system according to the invention can also be used in railway tunnels in which the upper boundary line 3 for the flowing traffic consists of the supporting devices or supporting cables for the contact wire. In the event of catastrophic accidents in railway tunnels, similar to road tunnels, it must be assumed that the crashed vehicles make direct access to the scene of the accident or the source of the fire impossible. FIG. 8 contains the schematic representation of a cross section through a railroad tunnel with the contact wires 52 and the usual support system 53, which also consists primarily of wires. Trains 54 are shown on both tracks. Above the support systems for the contact wires there is a dome-like space in which the rescue and extinguishing system can be arranged. In the figure, two rescue and fire-fighting trains 5 are shown, each running on a guide and support device 8 and suspended from the tunnel ceiling by stable and dimensionally stable holding devices 9. For the rest, the rescue and extinguishing system for railway tunnels is structured in a similar way to the various concepts and construction variants for road tunnels.

Extinguishing fires in tunnels can be carried out using the rescue and extinguishing train according to the invention both with conventional extinguishing devices and in a particularly advantageous manner with pressure mist consisting of the finest water droplets. FIG. 9 contains a schematic illustration of how a tunnel fire can be fought and extinguished with the pressure mist consisting of small water droplets from the rescue and fire-fighting vehicle according to the invention. Since the guide and support devices 8 are attached to the tunnel wall by means of distortion-free or low-distortion holding structures 9 and 10 when using only one rail, 6 and 7 when using two rails, the rescue and fire-fighting trains can be relatively close to the even in very intense fires Drive up to the scene of the accident. In area 55 of the fire itself, it must be expected that the guidance and support devices have melted or have largely become unusable. In the event of a disaster, unmanned, remote-controlled rescue and fire-fighting vehicles approach the fire site from both sides - as far as possible. From the high-pressure nozzles, which are located at the free ends of the booms 22 that are arranged in front of the head of the fire truck 19, a pressure mist 23 consisting of the finest water droplets is pressed out at high pressure and consequently at high speed, which already fills the entire tunnel cross section after a short time , This happens on both sides of the scene of the accident with the fire.

As a result of the fire, an exceptional situation arises in long tunnel tubes with regard to the air supply and ventilation. It is not possible to predict in which direction the air flow will change. Since the rescue and fire-fighting vehicles, which are distributed over the length of the tunnel, generate a pressure mist 23 that fills the entire tunnel cross-section on both sides of the source of the fire, it is ensured that one of the two pressure mists moves toward the fire 57 in the flow direction 56. When or before the fire arrives, the water droplets in the pressure mist 23 change into water vapor as a result of the high ambient temperatures. This ensures that there is only relatively little oxygen in the cloud area within the cloud of smoke 23, which is consumed very quickly and is not sufficient to keep the fire going. The heat of vaporization continues to cool the source of the fire. Many years of experience with such pressure mist consisting of the finest water droplets have shown in other fields of application that it is possible to suffocate even extremely intense fires within a very short time with extremely small amounts of water. The amount of water required to suffocate the fire is only a few percent of the amount of water that would be required for normal extinguishing. In tunnels, where the pressure mist is enclosed in the cross-section by the tunnel wall, the mist clearing is much more intensive than with previous applications outdoors or in larger rooms.

The amount of water carried in the tank arranged in the vehicle 18 is sufficient to maintain the extinguishing process over a long period of time and to cut off the oxygen supply to the fire, so that the result is rapid suffocation. When the fire is suffocated, the generation of new heat of oxidation is interrupted, so that the subsequent swaths of the pressure mist serve to cool the extremely hot areas that have previously burned. This process can be continued until the cooling process has progressed in such a way that it is no longer possible to reignite when the mist supply is interrupted.

To generate the pressure mist consisting of fine water droplets, pressures above 100 bar, preferably between 100 and 200 bar, are used in conventional applications. Depending on the pressure, the statistical quantity distribution of the droplet size required for an optimal extinguishing process results, in which there is a particularly large proportion of extremely fine droplets of only a few μ size. The pressures required for this are generated in the conventional pressure mist extinguishing systems used by corresponding pumps. In the event of fire disasters in tunnels, it cannot be assumed, due to the special conditions there, that the energy supply to the pumps required for pressure generation can be absolutely guaranteed. The invention is therefore based on a completely different pressure generation system, which is still effective even when all connections to the tunnel exits are interrupted, the schematic structure of which can be seen in FIG. 10. In the vehicle 18, the extinguishing liquid tank 58 is arranged, which - if pressure mists consisting of the finest water droplets are to be used for extinguishing - is filled with water. The outflow of this tank is connected via one or more hoses 59 and a control valve system 60 to the nozzles arranged on movable arms 22. Movement factors 61, preferably hydraulic cylinders, ensure that the nozzles can be brought into any required spatial position and position. The number of booms 22 required depends on the size and shape of the tunnel cross section.

In the upper area 62 of the liquid tank 58 there is a receiving device 63 for an explosive cartridge 64, the electrical triggering 65 of which is preferably initiated by the monitoring and control device 66. This can be done by remote triggering from the control center outside the tunnel, by temperature sensors or - if there are also rescue teams in the rescue and fire truck at the same time - from the vehicle 17 by the rescue teams.

By igniting the explosive cartridge 64, combustion gas with very high pressure arises in the liquid container above the water level, which is of such a magnitude that even when the rest of the amount of water is pressed out through the appropriately designed drain 67 located below, it is still required for the generation of a perfect pressure mist Water pressure can be ensured. Since the pressure of the combustion gases decreases during the long period of pressing out the entire amount of water from the tank 58 by cooling and expansion and must still be significantly more than 100 bar at the end, several explosive cartridges 64, not shown in detail, are provided, which are ignited one after the other , For this purpose, corresponding sensors are provided in the tank 58, corresponding electronic links in the control device 66 and corresponding valve arrangements in the control valve system 60, which ensure that the water pressure in front of the nozzles is always in the range required for a perfect pressure mist and is neither too high nor too low is.

The drain 67 from the pressure vessel 58 is designed so that combustion gas can only escape when all the water has been pressed out.

Depending on the needs, a plurality of vehicles 18 with water tanks 58, each of which is equipped with explosive cartridges 64, can preferably be arranged one behind the other on the fire side.

FIG. 11 shows the schematic structure of a carrier vehicle with gripping, cutting and lifting devices. If necessary, vehicles of this type are inserted into the rescue and fire-fighting trains at the location most suitable for the respective accident situation. Such vehicles are also helpful when there are no fire disasters but only accidents where access is blocked by vehicle jams on both sides of the scene of the accident.

The carrier vehicles contain - in terms of type and number - working tools, especially very powerful gripping tools 68, cutting and lifting tools 69, which are preferably operated hydraulically, the hydraulic pump unit (not shown) being located in the carrier vehicle 15 and preferably being driven by an electric motor , whose energy is taken from the battery in the vehicle 12.

The tools are arranged on spatially movable, multi-part arms 70 which are connected by joints, the movement being triggered and controlled by factors, preferably hydraulic cylinders, which each bridge the joints.

When carrying out the rescue and rescue work with the gripping, cutting and lifting devices, forces must be absorbed which are transferred to the carrier vehicle via the articulated support arms and there lead to loads from moments in a wide variety of directions. Both when the carrier vehicle 15 is suspended from only one guiding and carrying device 8 and when the carrier vehicle 15 is suspended from two guiding and carrying devices 6 and 7, these moments cannot be absorbed by the track tracks. Additional supports are therefore required on the tunnel calotte or on the tunnel walls. For this purpose, hydraulic cylinders 71 with clamping plates 72 are provided, which are extended before the work begins and which fix the geometric position of the carrier vehicle correctly and securely even when large forces and moments occur.

The control of all movements and the bracing process can be done directly or remotely. With remote control, it is possible for members of the rescue team to control the portable radio transmitters if they are standing - at the scene of the accident - monitoring the rescue work and controlling the movement of the gripping, cutting and lifting devices. Likewise, the controller can also be operated from the vehicle from where the rescue teams are located if direct access to the scene of the accident is not possible due to heat or toxic smoke. The rescue center can also be controlled outside the tunnel and monitored by corresponding television cameras located on the rescue and fire-fighting train.

All electrical equipment must be explosion-proof because the rescue and fire-fighting vehicles according to the invention are also used when vehicles with an explosive or flammable load have been involved in an accident and no fire has occurred.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 12, the guiding and carrying devices are arranged in a fresh air channel 80 arranged under the tunnel ridge, which at the same time serves as a route for the rescue and fire-fighting vehicles 81. The fresh air duct 80 is constantly under overpressure with respect to the tunnel cross section below it, so that no combustion gases can get into the fresh air duct 80. The fresh air duct 80 is provided at regular intervals with closable openings 82 through which the tunnel cross section below is accessible. The rescue and fire-fighting vehicles 81 are provided with lowerable cabins or work platforms 83, which can be lowered through closable openings 82 of the fresh air duct 80 into the tunnel cross section below. This embodiment of the invention has the particular advantage that the rescue and fire-fighting vehicles and their guidance and support devices remain almost constantly in the cooled fresh air duct 80, which is supplied with sufficient atmospheric oxygen, from where the source of the fire in the tunnel can be effectively combated.

Claims

claims

1. Machine and equipment combination for bringing rescue teams and for the recovery of people and objects as well as for bringing fire-fighting equipment and for extinguishing in the event of disasters, especially in the case of fires, in elongated rooms, especially tunnels, characterized in that the rescue and fire-fighting vehicles in the upper area of the tunnel cross-section above the largest height (3) permitted for through traffic by external or internal drive on corresponding guide and support devices (6, 7, 8).

2. Machine and device combination according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive of the ambulance and fire trucks works without external supply of atmospheric oxygen.

3. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 5 and 2, characterized in that the drive has electric motors (24) whose energy requirements can be removed from one or more battery batteries carried with the rescue and fire-fighting vehicles.

4. Machine and device combination according to claim 3, characterized in that the drive has one or more electric motors (24) 0, which are arranged in the longitudinal axis of the rescue and fire trucks, the kinetic energy via transfer case (25) on the drive wheels ( 28) is distributed.

5. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the drive has internal combustion engines 5, the atmospheric oxygen demand is covered by oxygen carried in oxygen containers.

6. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that there are several drives on each rescue and fire truck.

7. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the driving vehicle wheels (28) on or on the guide and support means (6, 7, 8) are driving wheels made of heat-resistant materials or with heat-resistant coverings.

8. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that crawler tracks (34) are provided for generating the feed force.

9. Machine and device combination according to claim 8, characterized in that the crawler tracks consist of heat-resistant components.

10. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the drives of the ambulance and fire trucks - based on the accident site - are arranged in the direction of the tunnel exits.

11. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that at least two guiding and carrying devices (6, 7, 8) are present in order to allow the rescue and fire fighting vehicles to drive in oncoming traffic.

12. Machine and device combination according to claim 11, characterized in that at certain intervals over gears with mechanical

Points are arranged between the two guide and support devices (6, 7, 8).

13. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the guiding and supporting devices (6, 7, 8) are suspended from the tunnel ceiling or ridges and are secured by rock anchors (42) in the overlying.

14. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the guide and support means (6, 7, 8) are suspended on steel structures (40) which are cast in concrete (43) or heat-resistant (44) envelops are.

15. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the guide and support means (6, 7, 8) are supported by supports arranged laterally on the tunnel walls (50, 51).

16. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the guide and

Carrying devices (6, 7, 8) each have a monorail overhead rail (8).

17. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the guide and support means (6, 7, 8) consist of concrete profiles (31) or preferably of prestressed concrete profiles.

18. Machine and device combination according to claim 17, characterized in that the concrete or prestressed concrete profiles (31) consist of individual sections which are attached directly to the tunnel ridge.

19. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the movement triggering, control and termination as well as the other activities of the fire and rescue vehicles are unmanned and / or automatically.

20. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the fire trucks are arranged in the rescue train in the direction of the accident site.

21. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the extinguishing process is triggered remotely and / or automatically temperature-dependent, for example by temperature sensors or fuses.

22. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that for extinguishing a pressure mist generator for generating pressure mist (23) from the finest water droplets is provided.

23. Machine and device combination according to claim 22, characterized in that the pressure mist generator is provided with pressure vessels (58) arranged in the ambulance and fire-fighting vehicle, in which pressure is generated by igniting explosive cartridges (64), the extinguishing water being very small through nozzles Diameter presses.

24. Machine and device combination according to claims 22 and 23, characterized in that several fire trucks with pressure mist generators are provided distributed over the length of the tunnel.

25. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rescue and fire trucks for the purpose of better utilization of the available space in the upper tunnel, the guide and support devices, the chassis and / or the suspensions enclose on the side.

26. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the emergency vehicles have gas-tight encapsulated cabins which are connected to compressed air or oxygen containers.

27. Machine and device combination according to claim 26, characterized in that there is a slight overpressure compared to the pressure state in the surrounding tunnel within the encapsulated cabins of the emergency vehicles.

28. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the ambulance and fire trucks including the drives, accumulator batteries and control devices are thermally insulated.

29. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rescue vehicles contain auxiliary devices for the rescue and care of the injured.

30. Machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rescue vehicles are provided with gripping (68), cutting and lifting devices (69).

31. Machine and device combination according to claim 30, characterized in that the gripping (68), cutting and lifting devices (69) providing rescue vehicles have additional extendable support devices (71) which allow the rescue vehicles to be braced on the tunnel walls.

32. Machine and device combination according to claims 30 and 31, characterized in that the gripping (68), cutting and lifting devices (69) are arranged on movable arms (70).

33. machine and device combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the guide and

Support devices (6, 7, 8) are arranged in a fresh air duct (80) arranged under the tunnel ridge, which also serves as a route for the rescue and fire-fighting vehicles and is provided at regular intervals with closable openings (82) through which the tunnel cross-section underneath is accessible.

34. machine and device combination according to claim 33, characterized in that the rescue and fire trucks are provided with lowerable cabins or work platforms (83) by the closable openings (82) in the fresh air duct (80) can be lowered into the tunnel cross section below.