WO2001062662A1 - Procede de production d'hydrogene par oxydation partielle d'hydrocarbures - Google Patents
Procede de production d'hydrogene par oxydation partielle d'hydrocarbures Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001062662A1 WO2001062662A1 PCT/FR2001/000519 FR0100519W WO0162662A1 WO 2001062662 A1 WO2001062662 A1 WO 2001062662A1 FR 0100519 W FR0100519 W FR 0100519W WO 0162662 A1 WO0162662 A1 WO 0162662A1
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- B01D2259/40001—Methods relating to additional, e.g. intermediate, treatment of process gas
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- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of a gaseous mixture containing at least hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) from at least one hydrocarbon, in which a partial catalytic oxidation is carried out. at least one hydrocarbon, in the presence of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
- Hydrogen is a gas widely used in particular in the field of chemistry.
- this is an auto-thermal process where the thermal energy necessary for steam reforming on a catalyst is for example provided by the partial combustion of CH 4 into C0 2 and H 2 0.
- the ratio H 2 / CO is lower than during production by steam reforming, that is to say on the order of 2.2 to 2.5.
- reaction (1) by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons. This process does not require a catalyst. Combustion is carried out between 1300 ° C and 1400 C C with little or no steam. This process is exothermic but produces less hydrogen than the previous processes. In addition, the reaction to produce hydrogen by conversion of CO in the presence of water vapor and on the catalyst must be favored as much as possible, according to reaction (1) below:
- Pressure Swing Adsorption Modulated pressure adsorption
- the energy efficiency of such a process is excellent, that is to say up to 85% for large installations by upgrading the lethal vapor.
- ammonia is a pollutant harmful to the environment (toxicity, odor, %) and the regulations on this product are becoming more and more stringent.
- the present invention aims to propose a process for producing hydrogen gas:
- the solution provided by the invention is then a process for producing a gaseous mixture containing at least hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) from at least one hydrocarbon chosen from the group formed by methane, ethan ⁇ or a mixture of methane and etha ⁇ e, or a mixture of butane and propane, in which:
- a partial catalytic oxidation of at least one hydrocarbon is carried out, at a temperature below 1200 ° C., at a pressure of 3 to 20 bars, and in the presence of oxygen or of an oxygen-containing gas , to produce hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO);
- step (c) the gas mixture obtained in step (b) is subjected to cooling to a temperature between -20 ° C and + 80 ° C;
- step (d) subjecting the gas mixture obtained in step (c) to separation so as to produce a gas stream rich in hydrogen; and in which there is obtained, in step (b) and / or in step (c), a gaseous mixture at a pressure of 3 to 20 bars.
- the method of the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics:
- step (c) the cooling is carried out by gas-gas, gas-water exchange or sudden cooling with water.
- the hydrocarbon is methane or natural gas, preferably the volume flow ratio C I0 2 is between 1.5 and 2.1.
- the gas mixture obtained in step (b) and / or in step (c) is at a pressure of 4 to 15 bars.
- step (a) is carried out at a pressure of 4 to 15 bars.
- the oxygen-containing gas is a gas mixture containing nitrogen and oxygen, preferably air.
- the catalyst is formed of at least one metal deposited on an inert support, preferably the metal is nickel, rhodium, platinum and / or palladium or an alloy containing at least one of these metals.
- the gas mixture obtained in step (b) contains approximately 30 to 40% (in vol.) of hydrogen, 15 to 25% of CO and the remainder being nitrogen and possibly traces of C0 2 , H 2 0 or other unavoidable impurities, preferably the gas mixture obtained in step (b) contains approximately 31 to 34% (by vol.) hydrogen, 17-21% CO and the remainder of the nitrogen and possibly traces of C0 2 , H 2 0 or other unavoidable impurities
- Step (a) is carried out in at least one endothermic reactor.
- - step (a) is carried out at a temperature between 600 ° C and
- 1090X preferably from 900 to 1000 ° C.
- step (d) the separation makes it possible to produce a gas stream rich in hydrogen containing at least 80% of hydrogen, preferably from 99.9% to 99.999999% by volume of hydrogen.
- the separation carried out in step (d) is carried out by implementing a PSA process, a TSA process or a separation by permeation membrane using one or more membrane modules generating, on the one hand, said hydrogen-rich gas flow and, on the other hand, a gas-waste stream, preferably a PSA process for obtaining pure hydrogen.
- the waste gas stream is sent to a cogeneration unit used to produce electricity, preferably to a boiler.
- step (e) subjecting the gas mixture obtained in step (b) to a separation so as to remove at least some of the carbon dioxide and / or water vapor impurities which may be present, and thus produce a gaseous atmosphere having contents controlled in hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen.
- step (d) The gaseous atmosphere having controlled contents of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen produced is used in a heat treatment operation of metals.
- the separation carried out in step (d) is carried out by implementing a PSA process or a TSA process using at least two adsorbers operating alternately, at least one of the adsorbers being in the phase of regeneration while at least one other of the adsorbers is in the production phase of said gas stream rich in hydrogen.
- the separation carried out in step (d) is carried out by membrane permeation using one or more membrane modules generating, on the one hand, said gaseous stream rich in hydrogen and, on the other hand, a stream of gas-waste containing mainly nitrogen and carbon monoxide, and possibly residual hydrogen.
- the basic principle of the present invention is to carry out a partial oxidation of methane or LPG (usually, natural gas contains essentially CH4, and% C0 2 , N 2 and heavier hydrocarbons: propane, butane. in the context of the present invention, natural gas or LPG is used, but from the chemical point of view it is indeed the molecules CH4, propane and butane which are partially oxidized) in order to obtain a hydrogen / carbon monoxide mixture according to the reaction (2) next :
- methane or LPG usually, natural gas contains essentially CH4, and% C0 2 , N 2 and heavier hydrocarbons: propane, butane.
- natural gas or LPG is used, but from the chemical point of view it is indeed the molecules CH4, propane and butane which are partially oxidized
- the reaction (2) is exothermic but the enthalpy of the reaction is insufficient to reach high temperature levels, for example from 1300 ° C to 1500 ° C.
- the principle is to use combustion in a catalytic medium to effect the partial oxidation of the CH 4 / Vi 0 2 mixture into H 2 and CO at lower temperatures, typically from 700 to 1100 ° C.
- partial oxidation by catalysis has at least the following advantages:
- the hydrogen extraction yield is close to 100% because the ratio of the volume of H 2 produced to the volume of CH 4 consumed is close to 2;
- the principle of the invention consists in producing a gaseous mixture rich in hydrogen (30 to 40% H 2 , approximately 20% CO and the remainder being essentially N 2 and a few% of C0 2 , H 2 0 and other unavoidable impurities) by partial catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons, such as methane or natural gas.
- the gas mixture produced is then cooled using an exchanger gas-gas or gas-water, or by "brutal” or “flash” cooling (quench cooling in English) with water and is sent subsequently to an adsorption separation unit (PSA), after a possible stage of elimination of soot or other impurities generated. If the mixture is generated under pressure at the level of the catalytic partial oxidation reactor, it is not useful to use a compressor to supply the PSA unit.
- PSA adsorption separation unit
- the PSA process is then supplied under pressure by the mixture rich in hydrogen and it produces pure hydrogen (purity> 99.9%) under pressure.
- the waste gas (off gas) from the PSA at pressure close to atmospheric pressure or higher if one wishes to recover the waste gas, for example a pressure of 1.5 bar, rich in CO (approx. 28%) and still containing the hydrogen (approx. 15%) is sent to a flare or a boiler burner to carry out co-generation of heat.
- the size of the valves of the PSA unit is made as compact as possible in order to minimize the investment in material, preferably one or more rotary valves are used.
- This technology also makes it possible to reduce the cycle time of the PSA process, typically the cycles have a duration of 0.1 to 3 minutes.
- the productivity of the system is increased and, consequently, the volume of the receptacles containing the adsorbents, for the same quantity of gas produced, is reduced.
- the pure hydrogen produced is then sent under pressure to the customer's network.
- the process of the invention therefore eliminates the so-called gas to water reaction step: CO + H 2 0 - »C0 2 + H 2 .
- the hydrogen production yield is then less good but, in the context of the production of hydrogen in small quantities (less than 300 m3 / h), the energy yield is no longer essential. In the price of gas produced, the share linked to investment becomes the most important. From there, simplifying the process (catalytic reactor for converting gas to water, unit for producing demineralized water) is more advantageous for producing one molecule of hydrogen per molecule of CH 4 consumed.
- the partial catalytic oxidation is carried out using a reactor using the catalyst in a fixed bed with axial or radial flow and operating under high pressure, for example a pressure of 1 'order of 5 to 20 bars and this, unlike so-called "endothermic" generators, usually used in various heat treatment applications, which generally operate at lower pressures, that is to say typically less than 1.5 bars.
- FIG. 2 represents an evaluation, from calculations based on the thermodynamic equilibrium, of the composition of the gaseous atmosphere produced by a process according to the invention which clearly shows that the conversion rates are greater than 90%
- FIG. 3 represents, for its part, a similar evaluation of the influence of the richness of the natural gas / air mixture on the formation of soot and on the hydrogen yield in order to maximize the quantity of hydrogen produced compared to the amount of natural gas consumed.
- FIG. 2 shows, on the one hand, the evolution of the ratio of H 2 produced by Nm 3 of natural gas consumed as a function of the temperature, in the case of a reaction using 100 Nm 3 / h of air and, on the other hand, the evolution of the molar composition of solid carbon in the atmosphere produced as a function of the temperature.
- This maximum is all the more important as the temperature is high and always corresponds to a composition of the natural gas / air mixture for which the quantity of solid carbon produced is very low, even negligible.
- reaction CH4 + 1/2 02 -> CO + 2H2 taking place with an increase in the number of moles, it is favored thermodynamically by a decrease in the total pressure.
- FIG. 3 represents the evolution of the hydrogen content in the atmosphere produced as a function of the flow rate of natural gas, for 2 pressures and 3 different temperatures of implementation.
- the principle of the invention is therefore based on the production of a gaseous mixture rich in hydrogen (for example 36% H 2 , 41% N 2 , 20% CO) by partial catalytic oxidation preferably operating under pressure (of the order of 10 bars) and at a temperature below 1100 ° C., preferably less than 1000 ° C.
- a gaseous mixture rich in hydrogen for example 36% H 2 , 41% N 2 , 20% CO
- partial catalytic oxidation preferably operating under pressure (of the order of 10 bars) and at a temperature below 1100 ° C., preferably less than 1000 ° C.
- the ratio of the volume flow rate of CH on the flow rate by volume of oxygen is between 1 and 2.5, preferably between 1.5 and 2.
- the catalytic reactor 1 supplied with air and natural gas can be filled, totally or partially, with catalyst, for example the catalyst bed can be supported on a height of an inert material, such as ceramic beads, non-activated alumina ..., or sandwiched by these same materials.
- an inert material such as ceramic beads, non-activated alumina ..., or sandwiched by these same materials.
- the catalyst is composed of a metallic active phase deposited on a porous support.
- the metal can be nickel or noble metals, such as platinum, rhodium, palladium or a combination thereof, and the support can be alumina, a zeolite, silica, an aluminosilicate or silicon carbide.
- the separation unit 7 located downstream of the catalytic reactor 1 can be a PSA or TSA type unit, or a unit using polymer membranes.
- soot present in the gas flow leaving the catalytic reactor 1 can be removed in 2 by a cyclone device, a mechanical filter, an electrostatic dust collector or the like.
- the invention can be applied to produce pure hydrogen or to produce specific atmospheres for heat treatment of metals.
- the separation unit is for example a PSA unit or a membrane system, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 appended.
- the PSA unit (at 3) is supplied (at 6) under pressure by the hydrogen-rich gas mixture, which enables it to produce pure hydrogen (at 4) under pressure.
- the waste gas at pressure close to atmospheric pressure, rich in CO (27%) and still containing hydrogen (-15%), is sent (in 5) to a flare or a boiler burner to carry out heat cogeneration.
- the productivity of the PSA system is increased and, therefore, for the same amount of gas produced, the volume of PSA adsorbers is decreased.
- the pure hydrogen produced (in 4) is then sent under pressure to the customer's network.
- the process of the invention therefore makes it possible to eliminate the conventional step called reaction of gas to water: CO + H 2 0 -> C0 2 + H 2
- the hydrogen production yield is therefore less good, but in the As part of the production of hydrogen in small quantities, that is to say less than 300 Nm 3 / h, the problem of energy efficiency is no longer of primary importance. Indeed, in the price of gas produced, the share linked to investment becomes the most important. Therefore, simplifying the process, that is to say eliminating the “shift conversion” catalytic reactor and the demineralized water production unit, is more advantageous than increasing the production yield. hydrogen.
- existing generators produce an atmosphere containing a molar fraction of water of less than 1%, or 10,000 times higher.
- the regeneration of the adsorbers of the separation unit 7 can be carried out using nitrogen available on the site or with part of the product, or else another dry gas and slightly loaded with C0 2 present on the site.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001561679A JP2003531795A (ja) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-02-22 | 炭化水素の部分的酸化による水素の製造方法 |
AU2001235744A AU2001235744A1 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-02-22 | Method for producing hydrogen by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons |
US10/204,463 US6929668B2 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-02-22 | Process for production of hydrogen by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons |
EP01907875A EP1259458A1 (fr) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-02-22 | Procede de production d'hydrogene par oxydation partielle d'hydrocarbures |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR00/02309 | 2000-02-24 | ||
FR0002309A FR2805531B1 (fr) | 2000-02-24 | 2000-02-24 | Procede de production d'hydrogene par oxydation partielle d'hydrocarbures |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001062662A1 true WO2001062662A1 (fr) | 2001-08-30 |
Family
ID=8847343
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2001/000519 WO2001062662A1 (fr) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-02-22 | Procede de production d'hydrogene par oxydation partielle d'hydrocarbures |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6929668B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1259458A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2003531795A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1212965C (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001235744A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2805531B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001062662A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
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FR2848548A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-06-18 | Air Liquide | Procede de generation d'un melange de synthese co-h2 sous pression par oxydation partielle catalytique en minimisant la formation de suies |
JP2006528594A (ja) * | 2003-07-24 | 2006-12-21 | レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・ア・ディレクトワール・エ・コンセイユ・ドゥ・スールベイランス・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード | 水素を製造するための吸着方法および前記方法を行うための装置 |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2848548A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-06-18 | Air Liquide | Procede de generation d'un melange de synthese co-h2 sous pression par oxydation partielle catalytique en minimisant la formation de suies |
WO2004058924A2 (fr) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-07-15 | L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Procede de generation de gaz de synthese par oxydation partielle catalytique |
WO2004058924A3 (fr) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-09-30 | Air Liquide | Procede de generation de gaz de synthese par oxydation partielle catalytique |
JP2006510565A (ja) * | 2002-12-17 | 2006-03-30 | レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・ア・ディレクトワール・エ・コンセイユ・ドゥ・スールベイランス・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード | 接触部分酸化による合成ガスの発生のための方法 |
CN1320951C (zh) * | 2002-12-17 | 2007-06-13 | 液体空气乔治洛德方法利用和研究的具有监督和管理委员会的有限公司 | 利用部分催化氧化产生合成气的方法 |
JP2006528594A (ja) * | 2003-07-24 | 2006-12-21 | レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・ア・ディレクトワール・エ・コンセイユ・ドゥ・スールベイランス・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード | 水素を製造するための吸着方法および前記方法を行うための装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6929668B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 |
FR2805531A1 (fr) | 2001-08-31 |
JP2003531795A (ja) | 2003-10-28 |
EP1259458A1 (fr) | 2002-11-27 |
US20030009943A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
CN1212965C (zh) | 2005-08-03 |
AU2001235744A1 (en) | 2001-09-03 |
FR2805531B1 (fr) | 2003-02-21 |
CN1406207A (zh) | 2003-03-26 |
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