WO2001059516A1 - Affichage a cristaux liquides - Google Patents

Affichage a cristaux liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001059516A1
WO2001059516A1 PCT/JP2001/000991 JP0100991W WO0159516A1 WO 2001059516 A1 WO2001059516 A1 WO 2001059516A1 JP 0100991 W JP0100991 W JP 0100991W WO 0159516 A1 WO0159516 A1 WO 0159516A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
retardation plate
crystal cell
crystal display
display device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2001/000991
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shoichi Ishihara
Yoshinori Tanaka
Kenji Nakao
Katsuji Hattori
Tsuyoshi Uemura
Keisuke Tsuda
Mitsutaka Okita
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2001059516A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001059516A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
    • G02F1/1395—Optically compensated birefringence [OCB]- cells or PI- cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/10—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates with refractive index ellipsoid inclined, or tilted, relative to the LC-layer surface O plate
    • G02F2413/105—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates with refractive index ellipsoid inclined, or tilted, relative to the LC-layer surface O plate with varying inclination in thickness direction, e.g. hybrid oriented discotic LC

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device having a high-speed response and a wide-field display performance. More specifically, the present invention relates to an optical compensation bend mode type (OCB mode: Optically self-Compensated Birefringence mode) liquid crystal display device.
  • OBC mode Optically self-Compensated Birefringence mode
  • the current liquid crystal display has a problem that images flow when displaying moving images, which is inferior to CRT in this regard. It is.
  • liquid crystal display having high-speed response suitable for displaying moving images include a 0 CB mode liquid crystal display, a ferroelectric liquid crystal display, and an antiferroelectric liquid crystal display.
  • the liquid crystal display device has that possibility.
  • ferroelectric liquid crystal display devices having a layered structure and antiferroelectric liquid crystal display devices have low impact resistance, a narrow operating temperature range, and low temperature dependence of characteristics.
  • a 0 CB mode liquid crystal display that uses nematic liquid crystal is a liquid crystal display suitable for displaying moving images. It is promising.
  • This OCB mode liquid crystal display device is a display method that has demonstrated its high speed performance by JP Bos in 1998, and then the film phase difference Research and development has been intensified because it has been shown that the combination with a plate makes it possible to achieve a wide viewing angle and high-speed response at the same time.
  • the liquid crystal display device in this mode has a glass substrate 1 on which a transparent electrode 2 is formed and a glass substrate on which a transparent electrode 7 is formed. 8 and a liquid crystal layer 4 disposed between the substrates 1 and 1.
  • Alignment films 3 and 6 are formed on the electrodes 2 and 7, and the alignment films 3 and 6 are subjected to an alignment process for aligning liquid crystal molecules in parallel and in one direction. Yes. Outside the substrates 1 and 8, polarizing plates 13 and 16 are arranged in a cross Nicol, and between the polarizing plates 13 and 16 and the substrates 1 and 8. In this case, phase compensating plates 17 and 18 are interposed.
  • a liquid crystal cell having such a structure can induce a bend orientation or a bend orientation including a twist orientation in the center of the cell by applying a voltage, and the It is characterized by arranging phase compensators 17 and 18 for voltage drive and expansion of viewing angle, and in terms of performance, even in the halftone display area. At the same time as high-speed response is possible, it has a relatively wide viewing angle characteristic.
  • the viewing angle characteristics were different between the liquid crystal alignment direction and the direction perpendicular thereto, and the viewing angle characteristics were asymmetric. Although the viewing angle is sufficiently wider than that of a TN-type liquid crystal display device or the like, it is not sufficient when a large-screen liquid crystal display device is assumed. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a bend is sandwiched between a pair of substrates on which display electrodes are formed.
  • a polarizer disposed behind the liquid crystal cell; an analyzer disposed on the front side of the liquid crystal cell such that the transmission axis is substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizer; Disposed between the cell and the analyzer and / or between the liquid crystal cell and the polarizer, the optical anisotropy is positive, and the slow axis is adjacent to the cell.
  • a uniaxial retardation plate substantially parallel or substantially perpendicular to the direction of the transmission axis of the analyzer or the polarizer.
  • the wide viewing angle can be obtained by inserting a retarder that is substantially parallel or substantially perpendicular to the direction of the transmission axis of the analyzer or polarizer whose adjacent slow axis is adjacent. Characteristics can be obtained.
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a bend is sandwiched between a pair of substrates on which display electrodes are respectively formed, and a liquid crystal cell disposed behind the liquid crystal cell.
  • a polarizer provided, an analyzer arranged such that a transmission axis on the front side of the liquid crystal cell is substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizer, and a liquid crystal cell.
  • a uniaxial retardation plate disposed between the analyzer and the analyzer, the optical anisotropy being positive, and the slow axis being substantially parallel to the transmission axis direction of the analyzer. It is characterized by
  • the crossing angle of the two polarizers deviates from 90 degrees when viewed from an oblique direction. As a result, it is possible to suppress a change in luminance due to the above, and a wide viewing angle characteristic can be obtained.
  • a phase difference plate in which the spindles are arranged in a hybrid manner is provided.
  • the display characteristics can be further improved.
  • a retardation plate whose main axes are arranged in a hybrid arrangement functions to suppress birefringence caused by liquid crystal molecules near the substrate interface.
  • a biaxial retardation plate or a negative uniaxial retardation plate is provided.
  • the display characteristics can be further improved.
  • biaxial retardation plates and negative uniaxial retardation plates mainly cause birefringence when oblique light passes through liquid crystal molecules that rise vertically in the center of the liquid crystal layer. This is because they act as a suppressor.
  • phase difference of the positive uniaxial retardation plate it is desirable to set the phase difference of the positive uniaxial retardation plate to 160 to 30 O nm or 5 to 10 O nm.
  • the retardation Rth in the thickness direction of the negative uniaxial retardation plate is set to be 150 nm or more and less than 250 nm. .
  • the present invention is not limited to a transmission type liquid crystal display device, but is also applied to a reflection type liquid crystal display device. That is, the present invention provides a liquid crystal in which a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a bend is sandwiched between one substrate on which a reflective electrode is formed and a counter substrate on which a transparent counter electrode is formed. Cell and the front side of the LCD cell And a polarizer disposed between the polarizer and the liquid crystal cell, the optical anisotropy is positive, and the slow axis is substantially parallel to the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizer. And a uniaxial retardation plate. With such a configuration, a reflective liquid crystal display device of 0 CB mode having a wide viewing angle characteristic is configured.
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal cell in which a nematic liquid crystal layer having a positive dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched between a pair of substrates on which display electrodes are respectively formed.
  • a polarizer disposed behind the liquid crystal cell, and an analyzer disposed on the front side of the liquid crystal cell such that the transmission axis is substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizer.
  • a uniaxial retardation plate which is disposed between the liquid crystal cell and the analyzer, has a positive optical anisotropy, and has a slow axis substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis direction of the analyzer. , And is characterized by having.
  • the liquid crystal cell in which the nematic liquid crystal layer having a positive dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched includes an OCB mode liquid crystal cell and a twisted liquid crystal cell (STN liquid crystal cell). , TN liquid crystal cell).
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a bend is sandwiched between a pair of substrates on which display electrodes are formed, and a liquid crystal cell disposed behind the liquid crystal cell.
  • a polarizer disposed between the liquid crystal cell and the analyzer, wherein the analyzer is disposed so that a transmission axis on the front side of the liquid crystal cell is substantially orthogonal to a transmission axis of the polarizer.
  • a uniaxial retardation plate whose optical anisotropy is positive and whose slow axis is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the transmission axis of the analyzer. .
  • the positive uniaxial retardation plate and the analyzer are arranged such that the slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation plate is substantially parallel to the direction of the absorption axis of the analyzer.
  • a wider viewing angle characteristic is obtained as compared to a case where the slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation plate is arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the transmission axis direction of the analyzer. Is obtained.
  • the present invention provides a configuration including a phase difference plate in which a main axis is arranged in a hybrid arrangement and a negative uniaxial phase difference plate, and a phase difference in which a main axis is arranged in a hybrid arrangement. It may be configured to include a plate and a biaxial retardation plate. Alternatively, two positive uniaxial retardation plates may be prepared and arranged one by one above and below the liquid crystal cell. When two such positive uniaxial retardation plates are arranged, the composite retardation should correspond to the optimal retardation value in the case of one.
  • the polarizer, the analyzer, and the phase difference plate in which the main axes are arranged in a hybrid manner may be formed on the support plate, respectively.
  • at least one of these support plates may be configured to have the property of a uniaxial retardation plate having a negative optical anisotropy.
  • the positive uniaxial retardation plate is arranged such that its slow axis forms approximately 45 degrees or approximately 135 degrees with respect to the orientation of liquid crystal molecules. Is desired.
  • the retardation R th in the thickness direction of the support is not less than 100 nm and not more than 500 nm.
  • the support may be made of a material containing triacetyl cellulose as a main component.
  • the direction of the n X axis of the biaxial retardation plate may be substantially parallel to the direction of the transmission axis or the absorption axis of the analyzer.
  • the biaxial retardation plate is made of a material mainly containing triacetylcellulose.
  • the present invention is not limited to a transmission type liquid crystal display device, but is also applied to a reflection type liquid crystal display device. That is, the present invention provides a liquid crystal in which a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a bend is sandwiched between one substrate on which a reflective electrode is formed and an opposing substrate on which a transparent opposing electrode is formed. Cell and the front side of the LCD cell And a polarizer disposed between the polarizer and the liquid crystal cell, the optical anisotropy is positive, and the slow axis is substantially parallel to the direction of the absorption axis of the polarizer. And a uniaxial retardation plate. As a result, the reflective type
  • a liquid crystal display device of 0 CB mode is configured.
  • the present invention is characterized in that the nematic liquid crystal layer having the positive dielectric anisotropy is twisted and arranged between a pair of substrates, and is sandwiched therebetween. You Further, the nematic liquid crystal layer may be twisted by about 90 degrees. At this time, it is desirable to set the phase difference of the positive uniaxial retardation plate to 50 to 250 nm.
  • the phase difference Rth in the thickness direction of the negative uniaxial retardation plate is not less than 2 O nm and less than 20 O nm.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram conceptually showing a cross-sectional configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 11;
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a specific configuration of the phase difference plates 14a and 14b in a hybrid arrangement.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an arrangement direction of each optical element of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 11;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the phase difference plates 14a and 14b arranged in a hybrid arrangement.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a voltage-luminance characteristic of the liquid crystal display device A according to the eleventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 shows a comparison between the liquid crystal display device A according to the embodiment 11 and the liquid crystal display device R as a comparative example, and the viewing angle dependence of the white display luminance. This is a diagram to help you.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for comparing and explaining the viewing angle dependence of the luminance during black display of each of the liquid crystal display device A according to Embodiment 11 and the liquid crystal display device R as a comparative example. is there .
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the viewing angle dependence of the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device A according to Embodiment 1-1.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the viewing angle dependency of the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device R as a comparative example.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the viewing angle dependency of the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display devices B to I according to Embodiments 11 and 12.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram conceptually showing a cross-sectional configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 13 to 13.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining an arrangement direction of each optical element in the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 13;
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram conceptually showing a cross-sectional configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 14;
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram conceptually showing a cross-sectional configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to the first to fifth embodiments.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining an arrangement direction of each optical element in the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 115.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram conceptually showing a sectional configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2-1.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining an arrangement direction of each optical element of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2-1.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining voltage-brightness characteristics of the liquid crystal display device C according to Embodiment 2-1.
  • FIG. 19 compares and explains the viewing angle dependency of the luminance at the time of black display in the liquid crystal display device C according to the embodiment 2-1 and the liquid crystal display device R as a comparative example. It is a diagram for the purpose.
  • FIG. 20 compares and explains the viewing angle dependence of the luminance during black display in the left and right directions of the liquid crystal display device C according to the embodiment 2-1 and the liquid crystal display device R as a comparative example. It is a diagram for the purpose.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining the arrangement direction of each optical element in the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2-2.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram conceptually showing a cross-sectional configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2-3.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining an arrangement direction of each optical element in the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2-3.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining the voltage-luminance characteristics of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2-3.
  • FIG. 25 is a diagram for explaining the viewing angle dependence of the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2-3.
  • FIG. 26 conceptually shows a cross-sectional configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2-4.
  • FIG. 27 is a diagram for explaining the arrangement direction of each optical element in the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2-4.
  • FIG. 28 conceptually shows a cross-sectional configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2-5.
  • FIG. 29 is a diagram for explaining the arrangement direction of each optical element in the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2-5.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram for explaining an arrangement direction of each optical element in the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2-6.
  • FIG. 31 is a view showing a viewing angle characteristic profile.
  • FIG. 32 is a diagram for explaining the arrangement direction of each optical element in the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2-7.
  • FIG. 33 conceptually shows a cross-sectional configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2-8.
  • FIG. 34 conceptually shows a cross-sectional configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2-9.
  • FIG. 35 is a diagram for explaining the arrangement direction of each optical element in the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2-9.
  • FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of main parts of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3-1.
  • FIG. 37 is a diagram showing the direction of the substrate orientation processing in the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3-1.
  • FIG. 38 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of optical elements of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3-1.
  • FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view of main parts of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3-1.
  • FIG. 40 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of optical elements of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3-1.
  • FIG. 41 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a general element configuration in a 0CB mode liquid crystal display device.
  • the liquid crystal display device according to the first invention group is a liquid crystal display device of 0 CB mode.
  • an optical element having a positive optical anisotropy is provided as an optical element, and this uniaxial retardation plate is replaced with a uniaxial retardation plate.
  • the slow axis is arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the transmission axis of the analyzer.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
  • the liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment is a transmissive liquid crystal display device in the OCB mode, and has a positive dielectric anisotropy between a pair of glass substrates 1 and 8.
  • the optical medium 50 has a negative refractive index anisotropy and the main axes are in a hybrid arrangement. It is a retardation plate.
  • Transparent electrodes 2 and 7 as display electrodes are formed on the inner surfaces of the glass substrates 1 and 8, and are disposed on the inner surfaces of the transparent electrodes 2 and 7. Coating films 3 and 6 are formed. A light (not shown) is provided behind the polarizer 16 (the lower side in FIG. 1).
  • the transparent electrode 2 is a pixel electrode to which an image signal voltage is applied, and the transparent electrode 7 is a common electrode.
  • the transparent electrode 2 may be configured as a common electrode
  • the transparent electrode 7 may be configured as a pixel electrode.
  • liquid crystal cell 9 is a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal eyebrows 4 are in a bend alignment state between the substrates 1 and 8.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view seen from the analyzer 13 side, where 20 is the transmission axis direction of the analyzer 13, and 21 is a uniaxial retardation plate 15.
  • phase difference plate 14a made of an optical medium having a negative refractive index anisotropy arranged in a lid arrangement
  • numeral 26 represents a negative arrangement in which the principal axis is arranged in a hybrid arrangement.
  • This figure shows the main axis direction of a phase difference plate 14b made of an optical medium having refractive index anisotropy.
  • the negative uniaxial retardation plate has biaxiality (SP, nx ⁇ ny), it is necessary to match the direction of the polarizing plate axis with the direction of the nx axis. I like it. This is true in a configuration using a negative uniaxial retardation plate in an embodiment described later.
  • the optical propagation of the liquid crystal layer when a voltage is applied (black display) is provided. It has the effect of compensating for the viewing angle dependence of the characteristics and performing good black display, and improving the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the liquid crystal molecules near the center D 2 of the liquid crystal layer 4 are arranged almost vertically to the substrate. However, the liquid crystal molecules present at the substrate interface do not rise due to anchoring from the substrate and are almost parallel to the substrate, as shown in Fig. 4. In the vicinity D 1 of the substrate interface, the alignment gradually rises toward the center and is in an oriented state.
  • the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules near the substrate interface is compensated by providing the phase compensators 14a and 14b in which the main axes are arranged in a hybrid arrangement. Can be done.
  • the direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the upper half of the liquid crystal surface layer and the upper side corresponds to the direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the lower half of the liquid crystal surface layer on the lower side and the direction of the optical medium of the lower phase plate 14b on the lower side. Since the optical axis directions correspond to each other, each of the two phase difference plates 14a and 14b plays a role of compensating half of the liquid crystal layer. The viewing angle is widened.
  • phase difference plates 14a and 14b in the noise bridge arrangement have a negative surface on the side of the optical medium 50a (see FIG. 2) where the inclination angle of the main shaft is approximately 90 degrees.
  • the optical axis is set so that the surface of the optical medium 50b (see Fig. 2) with the main shaft tilting at almost 0 degrees faces the liquid crystal. Is desirable.
  • a set of an optical medium 5Ob having a main axis in the in-plane direction (X direction in FIG. 2) and liquid crystal molecules near the substrate interface is arranged on both sides of the substrate.
  • the optical medium 50a having the main axis in the direction of the surface normal (the z direction in Fig. 2) and the liquid crystal at the center are sandwiched, and the layers that compensate each other are in order. This is because they will be lined up.
  • a phase difference plate having a hybrid arrangement is provided.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the central portion D2 of the liquid crystal layer stand when a voltage is applied (when black is displayed). Although it is in a raised state, it functions to mainly compensate for birefringence caused by light passing through the central portion D2 obliquely.
  • the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 functions to prevent light leakage in the black display and lower the black level. That is, since the transmission axes of the polarizer 16 and the analyzer 13 are orthogonal to each other, the polarizer 16 and the analyzer 13 can be viewed from the front (the direction perpendicular to the analyzer 13). Light leakage when viewed is prevented. However, when viewed from a direction deviated from the front (a direction oblique to the analyzer 13), light leakage occurs. In such a case, by providing the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15, it is possible to prevent light leakage.
  • the positive uniaxial phase difference plate 15, the negative uniaxial phase plate 12 a, 12 b, and the phase plates 14 a, 14 b arranged in a noise bridge arrangement are formed.
  • this arrangement it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle characteristic.
  • an alignment film paint SE—7492 manufactured by Nissan Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. was applied to two glass substrates 1 and 8 having transparent electrodes 2 and 7 by a spin coating method. Curing at 180 ° C for 1 hour in a constant temperature bath to form alignment films 3 and 6. After that, the surfaces of the alignment films 3 and 6 are shown in Fig. 3 using a Rayon rubbing cloth. Perform the rubbing process in the direction shown.
  • the liquid crystal cell 9 is prepared by injecting into an empty cell by a vacuum injection method.
  • phase plates 14a and 14b WV film manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., phase difference Re: 34 nm are bonded to the liquid crystal cell 9 as shown in Fig. 3. Then, a liquid crystal display device is manufactured.
  • liquid crystal display device A a liquid crystal display device (hereinafter, referred to as a liquid crystal display device A) by the above method, and measured display characteristics of the liquid crystal display device A.
  • the liquid crystal display device A was set under the following conditions (1) to (4).
  • phase difference R e of the phase difference plates 14 a and 14 b made of an optical medium having a negative refractive index anisotropy in which the main axes are arranged in a hybrid array is set to 39 nm. .
  • R th was set at 175 nm.
  • phase difference defined by the product ( ⁇ n d) of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 4 and the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n of the liquid crystal material was set to 0.82 m.
  • Figures 5 to 8 show the experimental results for liquid crystal display A.
  • Figure 5 shows the voltage-luminance characteristics of the liquid crystal display A. As is clear from FIG. 5, it can be seen that in the liquid crystal display device A, black display is achieved at 6.8 V. The voltage for white display is determined by the voltage at which the bend-spray transition occurs, and was 2.2 V in this liquid crystal display device.
  • FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) show the viewing angle dependence of the luminance when the liquid crystal display device A displays white in the upward and downward directions and in the left and right directions, respectively.
  • FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b) show the viewing angle dependence of the luminance when the liquid crystal display device A displays black in the upward and downward directions and in the left and right directions, respectively.
  • the horizontal direction of the liquid crystal display device A is the same direction as the orientation processing direction of the substrate (the rubbing direction)
  • the vertical direction of the liquid crystal display device A is the rubbing direction. Means the direction perpendicular to the direction of the
  • Fig. 8 shows the viewing angle dependence of the contrast ratio.
  • the polar angle from 0 to about the co-down door La c this be sampled ratio that has been shown in the range of 8 0 degrees points, following in FIG. 9, two-fold Figure 1 0 in the figure 8
  • the contrast ratio in the range of 0 to 80 degrees of polar angle is also shown.
  • a liquid crystal display device R having exactly the same configuration as the liquid crystal display device A except that a positive uniaxial phase plate was not included was prepared.
  • the voltage-luminance characteristic of the liquid crystal display device R is the same as that of the liquid crystal display device A, and The voltage values when displaying white or when displaying black were 2.2 V and 6.8 V, respectively.
  • Figure 9 shows the viewing angle dependence of the contrast ratio.
  • the liquid crystal display device A according to the present invention has a small viewing angle dependency of luminance in a black display, and has a wide viewing angle range. A high contrast ratio has been achieved, and its practical value is extremely high.
  • the slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation plate is arranged so as to be parallel to the transmission axis direction of the adjacent analyzer.
  • the phase difference ⁇ nd of the liquid crystal layer was set to 082 zm, the same applies to the liquid crystal display devices having other phase difference values. It has been confirmed from the experimental results of the present inventors that the above-mentioned effect can be obtained. Further, although ⁇ nd, which can be generally used as a liquid crystal display device, is set in the range of 0.6 to 1.0, this And is set in the range of 0.6 to 1.0. In particular, the effect of inserting a positive uniaxial retardation plate was remarkable.
  • Liquid crystal display devices B to I having the same configuration as liquid crystal display device A except that the retardation Rth of the uniaxial retardation plates 12a and 12b having negative optical anisotropy are different.
  • the phase difference Rth 250 nm
  • the phase difference Rth 225 nm
  • the phase difference th 275 nm. nm.
  • the case where the contrast ratio is 10: 1 is indicated by a thick line L.
  • Embodiment 11 In the liquid crystal display device having the structure of the embodiment 11, the product of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer and the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ of the liquid crystal material is set in a range of 0.6 to 1.0. In addition, a plurality of liquid crystal display devices were manufactured by changing the value of the phase difference Re of the positive uniaxial phase difference plate 15, and the display characteristics were measured. The result
  • phase difference Re is in the range of 5 to 10 O nm, or 160 to 30 nm. Wide viewing angle characteristics were obtained in the range of 0 nm.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 11 and 12.
  • the present Embodiment 112 is similar to Embodiment 11 and corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • Embodiments 1-2 are characterized in that biaxial retardation plates 10a and 10b are added to the configuration of embodiment 1-1, in which biaxial retarders 10a and 10b are added. That is what it is.
  • a biaxial retardation plate 10a is provided between a phase difference plate 14a having a noise bridge arrangement and a negative uniaxial retardation plate 12a.
  • a biaxial retardation plate 10b is provided between 14b and the negative uniaxial retardation plate 12b.
  • the arrangement of each optical element is shown in FIG. That is, the phase difference plates 12 a, 14 a, 15, 12 b, 14 b, the polarizer 16, and the analyzer 13 are arranged in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
  • the biaxial retardation plate 10a is arranged so that its main axis direction is substantially parallel to the transmission axis direction of the analyzer 13 as indicated by reference numeral 27 in FIG. ing .
  • the principal axis direction of the biaxial retardation plate 10b is substantially parallel to the transmission axis direction of the polarizer 16 as indicated by reference numeral 28 in FIG. It is arranged as follows.
  • Such biaxial retarders 10a and 10b perform the same compensation as the negative uniaxial retarders 12a and 12b. Immediately, when a voltage is applied (when black is displayed), the liquid crystal molecules in the center of the liquid crystal layer are in a state of rising, but this is due to the light emitted from the oblique direction. It works to compensate mainly for refraction.
  • an optical element consisting of a biaxial retarder and a uniaxial retarder having a negative optical anisotropy is basically classified into a biaxial retarder. It is not easy to arbitrarily and independently set the Re value and the Rth value with a single uniaxial retardation plate, and it is not easy to set the negative uniaxial retardation as in the present embodiment. The significance of setting the Re and Rth values in combination with the plate is significant.
  • the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device having the above configuration is basically the same as the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 11-11.
  • a liquid crystal cell 9 having a liquid crystal layer with a bend array was produced in the same manner as in the embodiment 11 and the liquid crystal cell 9 was provided with a polarizer 16 and an analyzer.
  • Positive uniaxial phase plate 15, Negative uniaxial phase plate 12 a, 12 b, optical medium has negative refractive index anisotropy and main axes are arranged in a hybrid array
  • Phase plate 1 4 a, 1 4b and the biaxial retardation plates 10a and 10b are bonded to a liquid crystal cell 9 as shown in FIG. 12 to produce a liquid crystal display device.
  • liquid crystal display devices (hereinafter referred to as liquid crystal display devices) in the same manner as described above except that the phase difference R e of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 is different.
  • J2 to J2) were manufactured, and the display characteristics of the liquid crystal display devices J2 to J2 were measured.
  • the liquid crystal display devices J2 to J2 were set under the following conditions (1) to (3).
  • phase difference R e of the phase difference plates 14 a and 14 b made of an optical medium having a negative refractive index anisotropy in which the main axes are arranged in a hybrid arrangement is 33 nm. ,.
  • phase difference defined by the product ( ⁇ nd) of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 4 and the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n of the liquid crystal material was set to 0.71 m.
  • phase difference Re of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 in each of the liquid crystal display devices J2 to J2 was set to the value shown in Table 2.
  • the visual field range where the contrast ratio was 10: 1 or more was obtained for the liquid crystal display devices J to 0 manufactured under the above conditions.
  • the liquid crystal display device of this experimental example has an excellent viewing angle range, and its practical value is high.
  • the value of the retardation Re of the positive uniaxial retardation plate is preferably from 5 to 100 nm, and more preferably from 5 to 50 nm. When Re was smaller than 5 nm, the effect of inserting a positive uniaxial phase plate was not observed.
  • Table 3 shows the results of experiments performed by the inventor even when the phase difference Re was larger than that in Table 2 above.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 1-3.
  • Embodiment 13 is similar to Embodiment 11 and corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the present Embodiment 13 is different from Embodiment 1-1 in that the phase difference plates 12 a and 12 b having negative optical anisotropy are replaced by biaxial phase difference plates 10. It is characterized by using a and 10b.
  • the phase difference plates 14a and 14b in which the main axes of the optical elements are arranged in a hybrid array, the biaxial phase difference plates 10a and 10b, and the optical anisotropy are large.
  • the positive uniaxial phase plate 15, the polarizer 16, and the analyzer 13 are arranged as shown in FIG. Even with such a configuration, a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle characteristic can be realized.
  • the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device having the above configuration is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. This is the same as the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to item 11. That is, a liquid crystal cell 9 having a liquid crystal layer in which the bends are arranged is manufactured in the same manner as in the embodiment 11 and the polarizer 16 and the analyzer are provided on the liquid crystal cell 9. 13, positive uniaxial phase plate 15, phase plate 14 a, 14 b, and biaxial with optical medium having negative refractive index anisotropy and principal axes arranged in a hybrid arrangement The liquid crystal display device is manufactured by bonding the liquid phase retarders 10a and 10b to the liquid crystal cell 9 as shown in FIG.
  • liquid crystal display devices Pl set a plurality of liquid crystal display devices (hereinafter referred to as liquid crystal display devices Pl) in the same manner as described above except that the phase difference Re of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 is different.
  • Ql, and S1 to V1) were manufactured, and the display characteristics of the liquid crystal display devices P1, Q1, and S1 to V1 were measured.
  • the liquid crystal display devices Pl, Ql, and S1 to V1 were set under the following conditions (1) to (4).
  • phase difference R e of the phase difference plates 14 a and 14 b made of an optical medium having a negative refractive index anisotropy in which the main axes are arranged in a hybrid arrangement is set to 33 nm. .
  • phase difference Rth in the thickness direction of the biaxial retardation plates 10a and 10b was set to 185 nm.
  • phase difference defined by the product ( ⁇ n d) of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 4 and the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n of the liquid crystal material was set to 1.02 m.
  • phase difference Re of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 in each of the liquid crystal display devices P1, Q1, S1 to V1 was set to the value shown in Table 4.
  • the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 1-3 has an excellent viewing angle range. Its practical value is high.
  • the value of the retardation Re of the positive uniaxial retardation plate is preferably from 160 to 300 nm, more preferably from 160 to 25 O nm. It is more qualified. When Re was smaller than 160 nm and larger than 30.0 nm, the effect of inserting a positive uniaxial phase plate was not recognized.
  • Table 5 shows the results of experiments conducted by the inventor even when the phase difference Re was smaller than that in Table 4 above.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 14; and FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of each optical element.
  • the first to fourth embodiments are similar to the first to eleventh embodiments, and corresponding portions have the same reference characters. Add the sign.
  • Embodiments 11 to 13 are all transmissive liquid crystal display devices, but Embodiments 1 to 4 are different in that they are reflective liquid crystal display devices. You Referring to FIG. 14, the specific configuration will be described. For example, an uneven resin layer 30 is formed on a substrate 8.
  • a reflective pixel electrode 7A made of a metal thin film such as A1 is formed on 30.
  • the alignment film 6 is formed on the reflective pixel electrode 7A.
  • Other configurations are the same as those in Embodiment 1-1 above.
  • the reflective liquid crystal display device has a configuration corresponding to the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the embodiment 11 in the above example, the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 112 or the embodiment 113 is applicable. It may be a configuration corresponding to.
  • the liquid crystal display device is a 0 CB mode liquid crystal display device, and has a positive optical anisotropy as an optical element for improving a viewing angle.
  • a retardation plate is provided, and the positive uniaxial retardation plate is disposed such that the slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation plate is substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis direction of the analyzer. It is characterized by That is, in the first invention group, the positive uniaxial retardation plate is arranged such that the slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation plate is substantially parallel to the transmission axis direction of the analyzer.
  • the positive uniaxial retardation plate is arranged such that the slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation plate is substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis direction of the analyzer. The difference is that they are arranged.
  • specific configurations will be described with reference to Embodiments 2-1 to 2-9.
  • FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 2-1.
  • FIG. 17 shows an arrangement state of optical elements of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 2-1. It is a figure.
  • Embodiment 2-1 is similar to Embodiment 11 and the corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference characters.
  • the configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2-1 is the same as the configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 11-11.
  • the arrangement of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 and the analyzer 13 is different. That is, in Embodiment 11--11, as shown in FIG. 2, the slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 is substantially flat with the transmission axis of the analyzer 13.
  • W 01 59516 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 2-1.
  • FIG. 17 shows an arrangement state of optical elements of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment
  • Embodiment 2-1 as shown in FIG. 17, the slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 is connected to the analyzer. 13 is arranged so as to be substantially perpendicular to the transmission axis of 13 (the slow axis of the uniaxial retardation plate 15 is substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the analyzer 13). It is different.
  • the delay of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 Compared to the case where the phase axis and the transmission axis of the analyzer 13 are arranged substantially in parallel (corresponding to the above-described first invention group), a wider viewing angle characteristic is obtained. It has the advantage of being obtained. In other words, regarding light traveling in the direction normal to the substrate, in principle, the case where the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate and the slow axis direction of the positive uniaxial phase plate are parallel is considered. There is no difference in the effect on display characteristics between the vertical and vertical cases.
  • the linearly polarized light that has entered the liquid crystal layer propagates through the medium as elliptical polarized light, and exits in an elliptical polarization state.
  • the emitted elliptical polarized light A (A represents the state of polarization) is incident on an adjacent phase plate, and becomes an elliptical polarized light B having a different ellipticity principal axis direction.
  • Incident on the polarizer exits as other elliptical polarization C, and enters the polarizer (analyzer).
  • the axes of the polarizing plates disposed before and after the liquid crystal layer are orthogonal to each other, so that the state of the light immediately before entering the positive uniaxial phase plate Is the elliptical polarization B, and the relative positional relationship between the axis direction of the elliptical polarization B and the slow axis direction of the next incident uniaxial phase plate is
  • the case where the direction of the transmission axis is parallel to the direction of the slow axis of the positive uniaxial phase plate is 90 degrees different from the case where the direction is perpendicular.
  • the ellipticity and axial direction of elliptical polarized light B are transmitted although it depends on the ⁇ nd of the birefringent medium, in the present invention, when the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate and the direction of the slow axis of the positive uniaxial phase plate are parallel, the ellipse is used.
  • the major axis of the circularly polarized light B and the slow axis direction of the positive uniaxial phase plate have an angle relatively close to perpendicular, and the transmission axis direction of the polarizer and the slow axis direction of the positive uniaxial phase plate.
  • the major axis of the elliptical polarization B and the slow axis direction of the positive uniaxial phase plate have an angle almost parallel to each other. That is, in the latter configuration, the state of the elliptically polarized light C emitted from the positive uniaxial phase plate becomes a polarization state closer to linearly polarized light as compared with the former case. Since the extinction by the analyzer is easy, the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
  • the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device having the above configuration is basically the same as the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 11-11. That is, a liquid crystal cell 9 having a liquid crystal layer in which the bends are arranged is produced in the same manner as in Embodiment 1-1, and the liquid crystal cell 9 is provided with a polarizer 16 and an analyzer 1.
  • phase plates 14a, 14b and the biaxial retardation plates 10a, 10b are attached to a liquid crystal cell 9 as shown in FIG. 17, whereby a liquid crystal display device is manufactured.
  • liquid crystal display devices A3 to F3 six liquid crystal display devices (hereinafter, referred to as liquid crystal display devices A3 to F3) by the above-described method, and provided these liquid crystal display devices A3 to F3. The display characteristics were measured.
  • the liquid crystal display devices A3 to F3 were set under the following conditions 1 to 5.
  • the main shaft is Phase difference plate 1 made of an optical medium with negative refractive index anisotropy
  • the phase difference Re of 4a14b was set to 34 nm.
  • the retardation R th in the thickness direction of the uniaxial retardation plates 12 a and 12 b having negative optical anisotropy is 1
  • phase difference defined by the product (A nd) of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 4 and the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ of the liquid crystal material is 0. Set to 7.
  • the viewing angle range where the contrast ratio is 10: 1 or more, that is, the phase difference R e of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 in the liquid crystal display device A 3 is 13 O nm.
  • the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 of the liquid crystal display device B 3 has a phase difference Re of 16 O nm
  • the positive uniaxial retardation plate of the liquid crystal display device C 3 has
  • the phase difference R e of the liquid crystal display device D 3 is set to 250 nm
  • the phase difference Re of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 in the liquid crystal display device D 3 is set to 250 nm.
  • the phase difference R e of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 is set to 30 O nm
  • the phase difference R e of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 in the liquid crystal display device F 3. Was set to 340 nm.
  • Fig. 19 shows the viewing angle dependency of the luminance in black display in the upward and downward directions
  • Fig. 20 shows the viewing angle dependency of the luminance in black display in the left and right directions. From FIG. 18, it can be seen that black display is achieved at 6.4 V in the liquid crystal display device C3.
  • the voltage for performing white display is determined by the voltage at which the bend-spray transition occurs, and was 2.2 V in the present liquid crystal display device C3.
  • the same voltage-brightness characteristics were obtained for the other liquid crystal display devices A3, B3, D3, E3, and F3 that were fabricated.
  • Table 6 also shows the viewing angle range where the contrast ratio is 10: 1 or more.
  • the value of the retardation Re of the optically anisotropic positive uniaxial retardation plate is 160 nm from the viewpoint of wide viewing angle. More than 300 nm or less is eligible. When Re is smaller than 160 nm or larger than 300 nm, the effect of using the positive uniaxial retardation plate is not recognized. No.
  • a liquid crystal display device R3 having exactly the same configuration as that of Example E was prepared except that a positive uniaxial retardation plate was not included.
  • the voltage-luminance characteristic of this liquid crystal display device R 3 is the same as that of the liquid crystal display device C 3, and the voltage value during white display or black display is 2.2 V, respectively. It was 6.4 V.
  • the viewing angle dependence of the luminance of the liquid crystal display device R 3 during black display is also shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.
  • the present invention Since a liquid crystal display device uses a uniaxial retardation plate having a positive optical anisotropy, the viewing angle dependence of black level luminance can be greatly reduced. In short, the viewing angle range can be greatly expanded, and its practical value is extremely high.
  • the viewing angle range (contrast ratio) of the liquid crystal display device R1 manufactured in Comparative Example 4 is based on this.
  • the viewing angle range (10: 1 or more) was 130 degrees vertically and 75 degrees horizontally.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of optical elements of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2-2.
  • Embodiment 2-2 is similar to Embodiment 2-1, and corresponding portions are denoted by the same reference characters.
  • Embodiment 22 is a configuration in which only the polarizer 16, the analyzer 13, and the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 in Embodiment 2-1 are rotated by 90 degrees, respectively. This is the feature of this. Therefore, the transmission axes of the polarizer 16 and the analyzer 13 are orthogonal to each other, and the slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 is the absorption axis of the analyzer 13. They are almost parallel.
  • the liquid crystal display device having such a configuration is the same as that of Embodiment 2-1 except that the arrangement of the polarizer 16, the analyzer 13, and the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 is different. It can be manufactured by the same method as the method.
  • the display device G1 can obtain a white display at 2.2 V and a black display at 6.4 V.
  • the display device G1 When the viewing angle dependence of the trust ratio was determined, The viewing angle characteristics of 5 degrees and 130 degrees left and right were obtained.
  • the front contrast was 250: 1.
  • the liquid crystal display device G 1 according to the present invention has a practically sufficient viewing angle range, and it is recognized that its value is extremely large.
  • FIG. 22 is a sectional view of a principal part of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 2-3
  • FIG. 23 shows an arrangement state of optical elements of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 2-3. It is a figure.
  • Embodiment 2-3 is similar to Embodiment 2-1, and corresponding portions are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the liquid crystal display device HI according to Embodiments 2-3 includes four triacetylcellulose files instead of the negative uniaxial retardation plates 12a and 12b. It is characterized by using the programs 19a, 19b, 19c and 19d.
  • the liquid crystal cell 9 having the liquid crystal layer 4 sandwiched between the glass substrates 1 and 8 having the transparent electrodes 2 and 7 also has a negative refractive index anisotropy in which the main axes are arranged in a hybrid arrangement.
  • Retarder 14a, 14b made of one optical medium, triacetylcellulose film 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d, optically anisotropic A positive uniaxial retardation plate 15, a polarizer 16, and an analyzer 13 were laminated as shown in FIG. 22 to form a liquid crystal display device H 5.
  • Re of the retardation plates 14a and 14b made of an optical medium having negative refractive index anisotropy arranged in an oblique array was 39 nm.
  • the phase difference in the thickness direction is 11; 11 (1 ( When defined as ((11 + 11) / 2-11 2) 'd), triacetylcellulose loose film 19 a, 19 b, 19 c, 19 d
  • the phase difference R th of this was 80 nm.
  • FIG. 24 shows the voltage-luminance characteristics of the liquid crystal display device H5. From FIG. 24, it can be seen that black display can be achieved at 6.8 V in the liquid crystal display device H5. The voltage at which white display is performed is determined by the voltage at which the bend-spray transition occurs, and was 2.2 V in the present liquid crystal display device.
  • the liquid crystal display device H5 of the present invention 2.2 V and 6.8 V were applied to the liquid crystal display device H5 of the present invention, the viewing angle dependence of the luminance at each voltage was determined, and the contrast ratio was determined. Viewing angle dependence was calculated. The results are shown in Figure 25. In the figure, the shaded area indicates the area where the contrast ratio is less than 10: 1. As is clear from FIG. 25, the liquid crystal display device H5 has a wide viewing angle characteristic of more than 160 degrees vertically and more than 130 degrees left and right, and its practical value is Extremely large.
  • the used triacetylcellulose films 19a, 19b, 19c, and 19d all have the same phase difference Rth
  • the magnitudes of the composite phase differences may be different. Absent .
  • Triacetylcellulose film is generally used as a support for various functional films, and it is inexpensive. Its practical value is great, as it can be used as a support for retardation plates.
  • Another uniaxial film having an optically negative refractive index anisotropy may be used in place of the triacetylcellulose film, or It may be used in addition to the rear cetyl cellulose film.
  • FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the liquid crystal display device according to the second to fourth embodiments
  • FIG. 27 shows an arrangement state of optical elements of the liquid crystal display device according to the second to fourth embodiments.
  • Embodiment 2-4 is similar to Embodiment 2-1, and corresponding portions are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the liquid crystal display device I according to Embodiment 2-4 includes a biaxial phase difference instead of the negative uniaxial retardation plates 12 a and 12 b in Embodiment 2-1. The feature is that plates 10a and 10b are used.
  • the liquid crystal cell 9 having the liquid crystal layer 4 sandwiched between the glass substrates 1 and 8 having the transparent electrodes 2 and 7 has a negative refractive index anisotropy in which the main axes are arranged in a hybrid arrangement.
  • 14a, 14b, biaxial retarders 10a, 10b, uniaxial retarders 15 with positive optical anisotropy, polarizer The liquid crystal display device I was obtained by laminating 16 and the analyzer 13 as shown in FIG.
  • the retardation plates 14a and 14b made of an optical medium having a negative refractive index anisotropy in a hybrid arrangement had a Re of 33 nm.
  • the biaxial retarders 10 a and 10 b R th was 185 nm and Re was 16 nm.
  • phase difference defined by the product (And) of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 4 and the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ of the liquid crystal material was set to 0.73 / m.
  • the optical elements were arranged such that their axis directions were as shown in Fig. 27.
  • reference numeral 27 denotes a main axis direction of the biaxial retardation plate 10a
  • reference numeral 28 denotes a main axis direction of the biaxial retardation plate 10b.
  • the direction of the n X axis of the biaxial retardation plate is made coincident with the direction of the absorption axis of the adjacent polarizing plate, but is made coincident with the direction of the transmission axis of the adjacent polarizing plate. A similar effect was obtained.
  • the present inventor measured the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device I6 having the above configuration by changing only the phase difference Re of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15. Table 7 shows the results. .
  • FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of a principal part of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 2-5
  • FIG. 29 shows an arrangement state of optical elements of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 2-5.
  • Embodiment 2-5 is similar to Embodiment 2-1, and corresponding portions are denoted by the same reference characters.
  • the liquid crystal display device J 7 according to Embodiment 2-5 uses two positive uniaxial retardation plates 15 a and 15 b instead of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15. It is characterized by the fact that Hereinafter, the configuration of the liquid crystal display device J7 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • a liquid crystal cell 9 having a liquid crystal layer 4 sandwiched between glass substrates 1 and 8 having transparent electrodes 2 and 7 has a negative refractive index anisotropy in which the main axes are arranged in a hybrid array.
  • Retarders 14 a and 14 b made of one optical medium.
  • the phase difference plates 15a and 15b, the polarizer 16 and the analyzer 13 were laminated as shown in FIG. 28 to form a liquid crystal display device J7.
  • Phase retarders 14 a, 14 b composed of an optical medium having a negative refractive index anisotropy with a main axis of 100 nm and 12 O nm and a hybrid array of principal axes. Re was 37 nm.
  • the optical anisotropy is negative uniaxial.
  • Rth of the phase difference plates 12a and 12b was 10 O nm.
  • the phase difference defined by the product (And) of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 4 and the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n of the liquid crystal material was set to 0.83 Aim.
  • the optical elements were arranged such that their axis directions were as shown in Fig. 29.
  • 21a is the slow axis direction of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15a
  • 2lb is the slow axis direction of the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15b. It is.
  • Good viewing angle characteristics can be obtained when the composite retardation is in the range of 160 to 300 nm. This is essentially in the range of 160 to 30 O nm when one positive uniaxial retardation plate in Embodiment 2-1 is used. Since good viewing angle characteristics can be obtained, good viewing angle characteristics can also be obtained in the range of 160 to 30 O nm, even in the case of composite retardation. This is because it is considered.
  • phase difference Re of the positive uniaxial retardation plates 15a and 15b different values were used for the phase difference Re of the positive uniaxial retardation plates 15a and 15b, but the same value was used as the value of the composite phase difference. If they are the same, it cannot be overemphasized that the phase difference value of both may be the same. If the positive uniaxial retarders 15a and 15b have the same retardation value, it is possible to arrange optical elements of the same configuration above and below the liquid crystal cell. And its usefulness is great.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of optical elements of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2 to 6.
  • Embodiment 2-6 is similar to Embodiment 2-1, and corresponding portions are denoted by the same reference characters.
  • the liquid crystal display device J 8 according to Embodiments 2 to 6 is characterized in that the arrangement angles of the polarizers are different. With such a configuration, it is possible to change the viewing angle characteristic profile.
  • the viewing angle characteristic profile means the characteristics of the viewing angle characteristic when viewed from the entire azimuth angle. More specifically, for example, in the viewing angle characteristic indicated by reference numeral 7OA in FIG. 31, the upward and downward directions are good, but the left and right directions are poor.
  • the viewing angle characteristic indicated by reference numeral 70B has a characteristic that the horizontal direction is good, and the viewing angle characteristic profile is characteristic of such a viewing angle characteristic graph. Shape.
  • the reason for changing the viewing angle characteristic profile is that the viewing angle indicated by reference numeral 70A in FIG. 31 in the OCB mode liquid crystal display device. It has characteristics, and there is a great difference between the viewing angle characteristics in the upward and downward directions and the viewing angle characteristics in the horizontal direction. Since the viewing angle characteristics are originally good in the upward and downward directions, the characteristics in the vertical direction are slightly reduced, and instead, the viewing angle characteristics in the left and right directions are improved. This is because the viewing angle characteristic of the reference numeral 70B in FIG. 31 is obtained, and a more uniform viewing angle characteristic in all directions is obtained.
  • the present invention is not limited to such a reason, and a desired viewing angle characteristic can be obtained by controlling the viewing angle characteristic profile.
  • the liquid crystal display device J 8 according to Embodiment 2-6 ′ was manufactured by the following method. That is, a liquid crystal display device L8 having the same configuration as that of Embodiment 2-1 was produced except that the arrangement angle of the polarizer was different. At this time, the Re of the phase difference plates 14a and 14b made of an optical medium having a negative refractive index anisotropy in which the main axes are arranged in a hybrid arrangement is 30 nm. In addition, the retardation Re of the uniaxial retardation plate 15 having a positive optical anisotropy was 150 nm.
  • the uniaxial retardation plate with negative optical anisotropy 1 Rth of 2a and 12b was 18 O nm.
  • the phase difference defined by the product (And) of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 4 and the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ of the liquid crystal material was set to 0.78 m.
  • each optical element has its axis orientation as shown in Fig. 32. It was arranged so that. In this case, the crossing angle between the polarizer 16 and the analyzer 13 was set to 80 degrees.
  • the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 has its slow axis direction 21 1 arranged in the substrate processing direction ( This is equivalent to the orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules.) 22 and 23 form approximately 135 degrees.
  • the viewing angle dependence of the luminance at each voltage was found to be 140 degrees vertically and 144 degrees left and right. The degree of visual angle characteristics was obtained. Also, the front contrast was 150: 1.
  • the liquid crystal display device controls the viewing angle characteristic profile by adjusting the crossing angle between the polarizer and the analyzer. And its practical value is extremely large.
  • the crossing angle between the polarizer and the analyzer is set to 80 degrees, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the crossing angle is other than 80 degrees. But it is OK.
  • the crossing angle between the polarizer and the analyzer is kept at 90 degrees and the positional relationship with other optical elements is changed, the viewing angle characteristic profile is similarly changed. It can be done.
  • FIG. 32 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of optical elements of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2-7.
  • Embodiment 2-7 is similar to Embodiment 2-1, and the corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference characters.
  • the polarizer 16, the analyzer 13, and the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 in Embodiment 2-1 are connected to the front side (analyzer 13 side). It is characterized by being placed 90 degrees to the right as viewed from above. Even in such an arrangement, wide viewing angle characteristics can be obtained.
  • a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2 to 7 will be described.
  • the liquid crystal cell 9 sandwiching the liquid crystal layer 4 between the glass substrates 1 and 8 having the transparent electrodes 2 and 7 has a negative refractive index difference in which the main axes are arranged in a hybrid manner.
  • Retarders 14a and 14b made of anisotropic optical medium, uniaxial retarders 12a and 12b with negative optical anisotropy, and positive optical anisotropy
  • the Re of the phase difference plates 14a and 14b made of an optical medium having a negative refractive index anisotropy in which the main axes are arranged in a hybrid array is 37 nm. It was.
  • Re of the uniaxial retardation plate 15 having a positive optical anisotropy was 19 O nm.
  • the phase difference defined by the product (And) of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 4 and the refractive index anisotropy An of the liquid crystal material was set to 0.833 ⁇ m. At this time, the optical elements were arranged such that their axis directions were as shown in FIG.
  • the angle formed by the orientation azimuths 22 and 23 of the liquid crystal molecules and the slow axis direction 21 of the positive uniaxial retardation plate is determined by the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules.
  • the direction is set to 45 degrees to the left from azimuths 22 and 23.
  • the thickness direction retardation Rth value of the uniaxial retardation film having a negative optical anisotropy should be 50 nm or more and 250 nm or less from the viewpoint of wide viewing angle. (Since two negative uniaxial retardation plates are used in the present invention, the entire liquid crystal display device is eligible to have a thickness of 100 nm or more and 500 nm or less). When Re is smaller than 50 nm or larger than 250 nm, the effect of using the positive uniaxial retardation plate is not recognized. .
  • Embodiments 2-7 a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer with a phase difference of 0.83 m is used, but the same applies to a liquid crystal display device having another phase difference value. It has been confirmed by the inventors' experiments that the effect can be obtained.
  • the second to eighth embodiments are based on the liquid crystal display device C manufactured in the second embodiment and the light control board (Lumistea manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 29 and the backplane. It is characterized by the fact that the dots 30 are arranged as shown in Fig. 33.
  • the front contrast was 220:
  • the viewing angle range where the contrast ratio was 10: 1 or more was 15.5 degrees vertically and 14.5 left and right.
  • the viewing angle characteristics are substantially symmetrical in up, down, left, and right directions, and its practical value is great. (Embodiment 2 — 9)
  • FIG. 34 is a schematic configuration diagram of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiments 2 to 9, and FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement state of each optical element.
  • Embodiment 219 is similar to Embodiment 2-1 and corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference characters.
  • Embodiment 2 above; 2 to 8 are all transmissive liquid crystal display devices, but Embodiments 2 to 9 are different in that they are reflective liquid crystal display devices.
  • FIG. 33 the specific configuration will be described.
  • a concave-convex resin layer 30 is formed on a substrate 8.
  • a reflection pixel electrode 7A made of a metal thin film such as A1 is formed on the layer 30.
  • an alignment film 6 is formed on the reflective pixel electrode 7A.
  • Other configurations are the same as those in Embodiment 2-1.
  • the product nd of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer and the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal material n was set to 0.3 to 0.5 nm.
  • the retardation of a uniaxial retardation plate with positive optical anisotropy is 5 to 300 nm, it has an excellent viewing angle range, and its practical value is high. This was recognized.
  • the reflective liquid crystal display device has a configuration corresponding to the transmissive liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 2-1 in the above example, Embodiment 2-2 or Embodiment 11 A configuration corresponding to 8 may be used.
  • Embodiment 2-6 the arrangement angle of the polarizer and the analyzer is changed with respect to the configuration of Embodiment 2-1.
  • the configurations of Embodiments 2 to 2 to 2-5 and Embodiments 2 to 7 may be configured such that the arrangement angles of the polarizer and the analyzer are changed. In this way, it is also possible to control the viewing angle characteristic profile in the same manner as in Embodiment 2-6 above.
  • the polarizer 16, the analyzer 13, and the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 are rotated by 90 degrees, and the polarizer 16 and the analyzer 13 are rotated.
  • the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 has its slow axis direction 21 oriented to the substrate alignment treatment direction (corresponding to the liquid crystal molecule orientation direction). ) It is almost 45 degrees with 2 2 and 2 3.
  • Embodiment 2-7 only the polarizer 16, the analyzer 13, and the positive uniaxial retardation plate 15 have the same optical elements as those in Embodiment 2-1. Although the configuration was rotated by 90 degrees, the polarizer 16, the analyzer 13, and the positive electrode in the configurations of Embodiment 2 — 2 to Embodiment 2 — 9 were used. A configuration in which only the uniaxial retardation plate 15 is rotated by 90 degrees and arranged (when viewed from the front side, the orientation directions 22 and 23 of the liquid crystal molecules and the delay of the positive uniaxial retardation plate The angle formed with the phase axis direction 21 may be set to 45 degrees to the left from the liquid crystal molecule orientation directions 22 and 23). Even in this way, a wide viewing angle characteristic can be obtained.
  • the thickness direction retardation R th of the negative uniaxial retardation plate is from 50 nm or more to 250 nm or less from the viewpoint of wide viewing angle (two sheets).
  • the range of 100 nm or more and 500 nm or less) is suitable, but this is described in Embodiment 2-7. Not exclusively .
  • R th is not less than 50 nm and not more than 250 nm ( In the case where two negative uniaxial retardation plates are used, the present inventors qualify that the condition is 100 nm or more and 50 O nm or less). Has been confirmed by
  • the liquid crystal display device is a liquid crystal display device in a twisted mode (which may be STN mode or TN mode).
  • a uniaxial retardation plate with positive optical anisotropy is provided as an optical element, and the uniaxial retardation plate is connected to the analyzer with the slow axis of the uniaxial retardation plate. It is characterized in that it is arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis. In this way, by arranging the slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation plate so as to be substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis direction of the analyzer, the viewing angle range can be increased. It can be greatly expanded.
  • Embodiment 3-1 and Embodiment 3-2 will be described.
  • FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of a principal part of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 3-1.
  • FIG. 37 is a method of aligning a substrate in the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 3-1.
  • FIG. 38 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of other optical elements.
  • Embodiment 3-1 is similar to Embodiment 2-1 and corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference characters.
  • the liquid crystal display device is in the 0 CB mode, but in Embodiment 3-1 the liquid crystal display device is in the TN mode.
  • the nematic liquid crystal layer 4 having a positive dielectric anisotropy has liquid crystal molecules between the substrates.
  • a TN liquid crystal layer twisted and arranged by about 90 degrees is used.
  • the orientation processing direction is the direction shown in FIG. 37, and each optical element is in the arrangement state shown in FIG.
  • Table 9 shows the results of the measurement of the viewing angle characteristics of several samples fabricated.
  • Liquid crystal material ZLI—47992 (manufactured by Merck's Jiannon Co., Ltd., the power-irradiation was adjusted to 40 m).
  • RRe 40 nm of negative retardation plates 14 a and 14 b with a spindle array in a hybrid arrangement
  • FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view of a principal part of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 3-1.
  • FIG. 40 shows an arrangement state of optical elements of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment 3-1. It is a figure.
  • Embodiment 3-2 is different from Embodiment 3-11 in that the negative uniaxial retardation plates 12 a and 12 b are replaced with a biaxial position. The difference plates 10a and 10b are used, and the other configuration is the same as that of the embodiment 3-1.
  • the present inventor produced a plurality of liquid crystal display devices having the above configuration under the following conditions, and measured the viewing angle characteristics thereof. The results are shown in Table 10.
  • Liquid crystal material ZLI — 4792 (Merck Japan, Ltd., the force is adjusted to 40 m).
  • Alignment film material SE-7492 (Polyimide resin paint manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
  • RR e 40 nm of negative retardation plates 14 a and 14 b in which the spindles are arranged in a hybrid pattern

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un affichage à cristaux liquides comprenant, à l'extérieur d'une cellule à cristaux liquides fonctionnant en mode à biréfringence optiquement compensée (BOC), une cellule (9) à cristaux liquides dans laquelle la couche (4) de cristaux liquides où les molécules de cristaux liquides sont alignées en courbure est maintenue entre une paire de substrats (16) disposés derrière la cellule (9) à cristaux liquides, un analyseur (13) disposé de manière à ce que son axe de transmission soit généralement perpendiculaire à l'axe de transmission du polariseur sur la face avant de la cellule (9) à cristaux liquides, des plaques de phase (14a, 14b) fabriquées avec un support optique présentant un axe optique primaire aligné de manière hybride et une anisotropie à indice de réfraction négative, une plaque de phase biaxiale optique et/ou des plaques de phase uniaxiales (12a, 12b) présentant une anisotropie optique négative, et une plaque de phase uniaxiale (15) présentant une anisotropie optique positive et un axe lent généralement parallèle à l'axe d'absorption de l'analyseur (13). On améliore ainsi sensiblement l'angle de vue de cet affichage à cristaux liquide.
PCT/JP2001/000991 2000-02-10 2001-02-13 Affichage a cristaux liquides WO2001059516A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000-32906 2000-02-10
JP2000032906 2000-02-10
JP2000-319995 2000-10-19
JP2000319995 2000-10-19

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WO2001059516A1 true WO2001059516A1 (fr) 2001-08-16

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006064766A1 (fr) * 2004-12-16 2006-06-22 Nitto Denko Corporation Affichage à cristaux liquides

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0547923U (ja) * 1991-11-28 1993-06-25 株式会社エンプラス 面光源装置
JPH06342154A (ja) * 1993-06-02 1994-12-13 Nec Corp 液晶表示装置
JPH09222600A (ja) * 1996-02-15 1997-08-26 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 光学異方素子を用いた液晶素子
JPH09222511A (ja) * 1996-02-20 1997-08-26 Nippon Oil Co Ltd 液晶表示素子用補償板の製造方法
WO1999049357A1 (fr) * 1998-03-23 1999-09-30 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Affichage a cristaux liquides
JPH11352492A (ja) * 1998-05-30 1999-12-24 Sharp Corp マルチドメイン表面モ―ドデバイス

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0547923U (ja) * 1991-11-28 1993-06-25 株式会社エンプラス 面光源装置
JPH06342154A (ja) * 1993-06-02 1994-12-13 Nec Corp 液晶表示装置
JPH09222600A (ja) * 1996-02-15 1997-08-26 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 光学異方素子を用いた液晶素子
JPH09222511A (ja) * 1996-02-20 1997-08-26 Nippon Oil Co Ltd 液晶表示素子用補償板の製造方法
WO1999049357A1 (fr) * 1998-03-23 1999-09-30 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Affichage a cristaux liquides
JPH11352492A (ja) * 1998-05-30 1999-12-24 Sharp Corp マルチドメイン表面モ―ドデバイス

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006064766A1 (fr) * 2004-12-16 2006-06-22 Nitto Denko Corporation Affichage à cristaux liquides

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