WO2001053744A1 - Source de rayonnement produisant un faisceau collimate - Google Patents

Source de rayonnement produisant un faisceau collimate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001053744A1
WO2001053744A1 PCT/GB2001/000179 GB0100179W WO0153744A1 WO 2001053744 A1 WO2001053744 A1 WO 2001053744A1 GB 0100179 W GB0100179 W GB 0100179W WO 0153744 A1 WO0153744 A1 WO 0153744A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation
apertures
cavity
source according
wall
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2001/000179
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Niall Anthony Gallen
Timothy York
Original Assignee
Screen Technology Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Screen Technology Limited filed Critical Screen Technology Limited
Priority to AU2001226913A priority Critical patent/AU2001226913A1/en
Publication of WO2001053744A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001053744A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V11/00—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00
    • F21V11/08—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00 using diaphragms containing one or more apertures
    • F21V11/14—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00 using diaphragms containing one or more apertures with many small apertures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/10—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and screens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/12—Combinations of only three kinds of elements
    • F21V13/14—Combinations of only three kinds of elements the elements being filters or photoluminescent elements, reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/002—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/30—Collimators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
    • G21K1/025—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using multiple collimators, e.g. Bucky screens; other devices for eliminating undesired or dispersed radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133617—Illumination with ultraviolet light; Luminescent elements or materials associated to the cell

Definitions

  • the invention is concerned with the production of a two-dimensional well-defined collimated beam of light or beam of light of restricted angular distribution.
  • a source is useful in particular for liquid- crystal displays and other modulator devices, partly because the opto-electronic properties of the liquid crystal are sensitive to the direction of incident light and partly for simple geometric reasons of avoiding crosstalk in pixellated displays in which the liquid-crystal switching layer is separated from the red, green and blue layer by a finite distance.
  • collimated light can be produced by expanding light from a point source such as a pinhole, or a set of point sources, using a lens or a corresponding array of lenses, or simply by stopping down a diffuse source.
  • a point source such as a pinhole, or a set of point sources
  • a lens or a corresponding array of lenses or simply by stopping down a diffuse source.
  • EP-A1-30875 Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique
  • this is essentially a more sophisticated version of the pinhole concept and uses only a small proportion of the available light.
  • the invention provides a radiation source comprising a wall defining a cavity for enclosing a radiation generator, and a set of apertures in the wall, in which the apertures taper through the thickness of the wall, forming channels that increase in cross-sectional area from the interior to the exterior of the cavity, while the wall efficiently reflects light missing the apertures so that it travels through them in a subsequent pass.
  • This construction means that, with the sides of the apertures being suitably reflecting, light entering the apertures at highly oblique angles will strike the sloping sides and be reflected substantially towards the normal, forming a substantially collimated beam.
  • the collimated beam is formed from an array of localised three-dimensional channels which are positioned after the radiation generator, which can be a large-area diffuse source.
  • the cavity wall can enclose the radiation generator completely, using a low-loss reflective inner surface except where the apertures occur.
  • the channels are not simple holes, but instead have a finite depth as in the case of a tunnel.
  • the channels are defined by two openings, which are called the input orifice and the output orifice.
  • the input orifices are those orifices closer to the light source.
  • the output orifices are the orifices further from the source; that is, radiation must pass through the input orifice in order to arrive at the output orifice.
  • any one of the apertures results in radiation that impinges on the sides of the channel being redirected towards the axis by reflection in such a way that the new path of the radiation makes a smaller angle with the axis.
  • the axis of the channel is defined as the line passing through the midpoint of both orifices.
  • Embodiments of the invention can have different forms for the illumination of a display device.
  • the form of the device is dependent upon the requirements of the particular display. Varying the angle the side of the channel makes with the axis of the channel, hereafter called the taper angle changes the amount by which the radiation passing through the channel has the angle it makes with the axis of the channel changed by reflection by a different degree, if it has originally an angle greater than the taper angle.
  • the range of useful taper angles can be divided into two regimes. In the first, a highly collimated output is required. For this to be achieved the maximum angle of radiation which can traverse the channel must be directed so as to be collected by an optical element which further concentrates the intensity into a restricted angular distribution. This requires a taper angle between about 15° and 40°. For radiation concentration in a system where collimation is not required but there is a preferred angular distribution, taper angles of between 40° and 65° can be used. An example of this would be for use in the backlight of a conventional transmissive LC display. Normally this range of angles does not require additional optical elements.
  • Fig. 3 shows a single aperture which can be used in embodiments of the invention
  • Fig. 4 shows an array of such apertures, in section;
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment similar to Fig. 4 but with an additional optical element; and
  • Fig. 6 shows a variant of the Fig. 5 embodiment, with a different optical element.
  • Figure 1 shows the definition of the coordinate system that may be referred to in describing aspects of the invention.
  • An aperture 1 is shown in a flat surface of relatively large area 2 hereafter referred to as the output plane although of finite thickness along the axis z in the coordinate system shown.
  • the normal to the output plane is along the z direction.
  • the axis of the aperture 3 is usually, but not necessarily, parallel to the normal to the output plane, depending on the required form of the illumination.
  • the aperture is in a wall of a cavity source which may contain a radiation source or may be injected with electromagnetic radiation to be used in a display device.
  • the radiation may be visible or of the ultra-violet part of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the case of visible light the images are made up of this light.
  • the images on the screen can then be made up from the excitation of emissive materials such as phosphors, that emit in the visible part of the spectrum.
  • emissive materials such as phosphors
  • the electromagnetic radiation may in this case be essentially monochromatic, while in the former case it will have a spectral range.
  • Figure 2 shows the effect of reflection from an inclined surface 6 on the direction of a ray of light.
  • the taper angle is defined as the angle 7 the reflecting surface makes with the desired direction of collimation, in this case the z-direction.
  • the angle the incident ray makes with this direction 5 is changed to a smaller angle 8 after reflection.
  • angle 7 ⁇ ⁇ t angle 5 ⁇ ⁇ i
  • angle 8 ⁇ ⁇ 0 angle 7 ⁇ ⁇ t , angle 5 ⁇ ⁇ i and angle 8 ⁇ ⁇ 0 . It can be shown with simple geometry that the following relation holds for the angle the ray makes with the z-direction in the plane defined by the z-direction and the direction of the ray:
  • the output angle with respect to the collimation direction (z) is equal to the absolute value of twice the taper angle minus the angle of the ray with respect to the z-direction before reflection.
  • a ray incident at 90° with respect to the z-direction being incident on a reflecting surface inclined at 45° to the z-direction will be reflected so that it makes an angle of 0° with respect to the z- direction. This is only true in the plane defined by the z-direction and the incident beam, i.e. the plane containing them.
  • the response of the taper in terms of the angular distribution output from the output orifice is a scalable characteristic of two parameters.
  • the first is the taper angle which is defined in Figure 2 as the angle with respect to the axis of the system made by the sloping walls of the tapered pinholes.
  • the second is the ratio of the area of the input orifice to that of the output orifice, hereafter called the fractional area.
  • the dimensions of the tapered pinhole are defined by the taper angle, the fractional area and the height or distance from the internal orifice to the external orifice.
  • the optical elements must be tailored for each dimension, however. In terms of manufacturing, this height is responsible for determining the manufacturing process used to make a mould for injection moulding.
  • a reverse mould consisting of solid pyramidal tips from which the tapered holes can be moulded, can be formed by diamond tip cutting so as to leave a specularly reflecting surface.
  • an array of pyramidal structures can be formed together by cutting in straight lines across the array area in orthogonal directions.
  • individual pins e.g. square pins in the simplest case
  • the pins are then assembled into an array which forms the reverse master for the array of tapered pinholes .
  • the actual array of tapered pinholes can be formed by injection moulding, for example .
  • Figure 3 shows an example of a possible shape for an individual tapered aperture.
  • This will be referred to as a tapered pinhole.
  • both orifices, internal and external, of the pinhole are square, but this need not be the case.
  • the taper is linear here, but it need not be so.
  • Any two-dimensional shape can be used to define the input and output orifices; the design may be a function of the angular distribution required or a manufacturing consideration.
  • the area of the external orifice 10 is greater than that of the internal orifice 9.
  • Four specularly reflective sides 6, which need not be inclined by the same amount form the tapered pinhole . In the diagram they are shown as equivalent, for simplicity.
  • Figure 4 shows a cavity backlight 11 with tapered holes 12 as an illustration of the two possibilities for a ray travelling significantly off-axis towards the front wall of the cavity, i.e. the output plane Z (though it need not be planar) .
  • the ray is reflected from the side of the taper and has its angle changed accordingly, as at 13.
  • the ray does not enter an aperture 14 but is reflected from the solid part of the front wall and then diffusely reflected 15 from a rear plate 30; the diffuse nature of the reflection is illustrated by a random selection of the possible paths the ray will take.
  • the ray will now arrive at the output plane Z a second time and has a finite probability of entering an aperture.
  • the fraction of light that will escape through the tapered pinholes is a function of the size or area of the input orifices 9 and the reflectivity of the interior of the cavity.
  • the backlight is a closed shallow box forming the cavity, the rear plate 30 and the sidewalls being made of or coated with a continuous, highly reflective material, and likewise the front wall, apart of course from the openings.
  • Figure 5 shows how an additional optical element 17 can improve the collimation of the output from the tapered pinholes by refraction or diffraction.
  • Rays output from the tapered pinholes can be further redirected 16 using refractive lenses or diffractive holograms/structures, which can be incorporated in a transparent plate forming the optical element 17.
  • An example of a suitable optical element is a simple plano-convex lens (i.e. one of an array of lenses) which is situated after a tapered pinhole.
  • the curvature of the lens would be such that those rays which make the highest angle with the z-axis at the output orifice are re-directed towards the z-axis by the action of the refraction at the interface between the convex surface of the lens and air. Those rays which are already highly collimated when they reach the lens surface must not be deviated from their path to such an extent that they leave the lens surface at an angle with respect to the z-axis that is not within the desired angular distribution.
  • optical element will vary for different dimensions of tapered pinhole.
  • An illustration of this is as follows: if a plano-convex lens with second radius of curvature of x millimetres is suitable for use with a tapered pinhole of output aperture of y 2 mm 2 , then this does not mean that the same lens design would be suitable for a tapered pinhole of (2y) 2 mm 2 .
  • the new taper output orifice dimension is such that the lens radius of curvature is such that the lens does not span the orifice.
  • non-circular apertures cannot be perfectly covered by lenses .
  • biconvex lens which is made from two convex surfaces which share the same substrate but on opposing sides of the substrate.
  • one of the surfaces can be allowed to curve into the tapered aperture at the output orifice. This allows a more varied optimisation of the lens than the simple plano-convex case.
  • Figure 6 shows the use of a different optical element, namely a dielectric stack 18.
  • a ray 20 with an angle not within an acceptable angular range with respect to the angle it makes with the z-direction can be selectively reflected 19 using the dielectric interference stack 18.
  • Such a stack works best with a radiation source with a restricted range of wavelengths, which makes it possible to achieve the interference conditions for a range of angles. If the angular distribution required of the rays with respect to the z-direction is that all rays make an angle which is less than ⁇ c then the rays which are not within this distribution can be selectively reflected and recycled after passing back into the cavity, as shown at 21.
  • Recycling inside the cavity is a function of the reflectivity of the walls of the cavity, the fraction of the total area constituted by the apertures, or rather by the inlet orifices, the total area of the wall of the cavity that has no apertures and the flux of radiation inside the cavity.
  • the ratio of the total flux inside the cavity to that which exits via the apertures can be shown to be approximately:
  • ⁇ 0 the flux escaping the cavity
  • ⁇ ⁇ the total flux in the cavity
  • n the number of apertures
  • a n the normalised area of each aperture
  • p r the reflectivity of the cavity walls.
  • the efficiency of the system can be maximised once the required angular distribution has been chosen. In all cases as high a reflectivity for the cavity walls as is possible is required. It should be noted that increasing the number of lamps or other radiation sources within the cavity itself decreases efficiency, since the material of the lamps may absorb the light emitted by itself or other lamps.
  • the above equation assumes that there is no loss mechanism associated with the radiation impinging on the surfaces of any radiation sources within the cavity after reflection from the cavity walls. It should be noted that because of the highly reflecting surfaces of the cavity in this system it is unnecessary to line the lamps up with the apertures.
  • a single lamp can be used, or a row of lamps less in number than the number of columns of apertures (assuming they are laid out regularly) ; in any event he lamps should not obscure the apertures.
  • a diffusely emitting rear plate can be used.
  • the cavity wall or walls can be made by a moulding process.
  • the wall containing the apertures can be injection-moulded in a plastics material and the aperture walls rendered specularly reflective, e.g. by metal coating, while the interior surface is made diffusely reflective, or specularly reflective with a diffusing element within the cavity, e.g. the radiation sources, or a combination of specularly and diffusely reflective.
  • the walls should have reflectivity of at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, over the relevant wavelength range. Material such a barium sulphate can reflect 99% of incident light.
  • a cavity source of diffuse radiation has at least one aperture, but preferably more, in a wall of finite thickness, called the output plane.
  • the apertures are distributed over the plane .
  • the purpose of the apertures is to direct the radiation in a preferred direction. They can do this in conjunction with another optical element. However, the apertures themselves direct the radiation towards a chosen direction by reflection. To this end, the sides of the apertures are not parallel to this direction but are at an angle to it. That is to say, the holes in the output plane are tapered in that the radiation enters into an aperture which becomes increasingly large as the thickness of the output plane is traversed.
  • the radiation that is not incident on an aperture is diffusely reflected inside the cavity in such a way that there it is a possibility that it will subsequently enter one of the apertures . This selection and reflection process will determine the efficiency of the radiation output from the system with respect to that put into it or generated inside the cavity.
  • each tapered aperture there may exist a refractive optic such as a lens that collects the radiation from the tapered pinhole and further re- directs it into an angular distribution that is more restricted than that from the tapered pinhole alone.
  • a refractive optic such as a lens that collects the radiation from the tapered pinhole and further re- directs it into an angular distribution that is more restricted than that from the tapered pinhole alone.
  • an optic can be placed after the output apertures that selects an angular range for reflection and another for transmission. Radiation that is reflected is sent back into the cavity and is recycled.
  • an optic can be placed before the apertures, i.e. on the side of the output wall which faces the radiation sources, that angularly selects the radiation arriving at the input orifice and only allows to pass those rays which will be collimated to an acceptable degree after passing through the apertures.
  • An example of such an optic would be a dielectric interference stack of layers, as described for instance in WO 98/49585.
  • the cavity walls could be made selectively reflective so that they preferentially reflect certain wavelength ranges emitted by the radiation source. This could be advantageous where, say, the radiation is to be substantially monochromatic.
  • An example would be the suppression of the green light inherent in all mercury-discharge lamps, maintaining the near-UV radiation substantially undiminished.
  • the tapered apertures and indeed the cavity itself, are shown in the embodiments as being empty, i.e. filled with air or other gas. However, they could be filled with a solid or liquid material of suitable optical properties.
  • the collimator was conceived for use with visible or UV light and in particular with displays, but it could in principle be used for other electromagnetic wavelengths or even for other radiation, such as ultrasound.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la production d'un faisceau collimaté à grande surface de rayonnement utilisé dans des affichages. Une source à cavité éclairée de manière diffuse hautement réfléchissante (11) présente des ouvertures (12) qui permettent au rayonnement choisi de passer directement à travers plus d'une première gamme d'angles. Chaque ouverture (12) a une profondeur finie et des côtés angulaires qui diminuent progressivement vers l'extérieur, de telle manière que le rayonnement pénétrant l'ouverture au niveau d'une seconde gamme plus grande d'angles empiète sur les parois (6) de l'ouverture et est redirigé dans une direction préférée par le biais de la réflexion au niveau des parois de l'ouverture. Tout rayonnement qui ne pénètre pas une ouverture est réfléchi à l'intérieur de la cavité réfléchissante à partir de la paroi à absorption faible et est réfléchi de manière diffuse à partir d'une autre paroi (30) de la cavité, afin qu'il ait une probabilité finie d'entrer dans un des ensembles d'ouvertures. Ainsi, la lumière qui n'est pas entrée dans une ouverture, sera réfléchie en retour de manière aléatoire en vue d'une nouvelle tentative.
PCT/GB2001/000179 2000-01-18 2001-01-18 Source de rayonnement produisant un faisceau collimate WO2001053744A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001226913A AU2001226913A1 (en) 2000-01-18 2001-01-18 Radiation source producing a collimated beam

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0001139A GB2358512A (en) 2000-01-18 2000-01-18 Production of a collimated beam
GB0001139.5 2000-01-18

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004003604A1 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Systeme collimateur de faisceau de lumiere
WO2004003603A1 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Systeme de collimation de lumiere
WO2005119349A2 (fr) * 2004-06-02 2005-12-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Systeme d'exposition ultraviolette polarise
EP1956421A1 (fr) * 2007-02-09 2008-08-13 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Collimateur pour unité de rétroéclairage et LCD l'utilisant
WO2013046081A1 (fr) * 2011-09-27 2013-04-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Système d'éclairage pour émettre un faisceau lumineux formé et luminaire
WO2015102626A1 (fr) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-09 Empire Technology Development Llc Dispositif d'affichage tridimensionnel à l'aide d'un matériau fluorescent
CN109445173A (zh) * 2019-01-02 2019-03-08 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种防窥膜及其制作方法、显示模组

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW200302940A (en) 2002-02-01 2003-08-16 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Liquid crystal display device
KR100874744B1 (ko) * 2002-02-04 2008-12-19 (주)바이오니아 레지오넬라 균종의 리보핵산 중합효소 베타 서브유닛의데옥시리보핵산 분절과 이에 선택적인 프라이머, 이를이용한 레지오넬라 균종의 판별 방법
JP2015521780A (ja) * 2012-07-20 2015-07-30 シャープ株式会社 発光装置、および光供給方法
CN107102473A (zh) * 2017-05-22 2017-08-29 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 一种背光模组及液晶显示装置

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WO2005119349A3 (fr) * 2004-06-02 2006-06-01 3M Innovative Properties Co Systeme d'exposition ultraviolette polarise
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WO2013046081A1 (fr) * 2011-09-27 2013-04-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Système d'éclairage pour émettre un faisceau lumineux formé et luminaire
WO2015102626A1 (fr) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-09 Empire Technology Development Llc Dispositif d'affichage tridimensionnel à l'aide d'un matériau fluorescent
CN109445173A (zh) * 2019-01-02 2019-03-08 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种防窥膜及其制作方法、显示模组
CN109445173B (zh) * 2019-01-02 2021-01-22 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种防窥膜及其制作方法、显示模组
US11531227B2 (en) 2019-01-02 2022-12-20 Beijing Boe Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. Anti-peep film and manufacturing method thereof, and display module

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