WO2001028947A1 - Reibbelag für bauelemente in bremssystemen - Google Patents
Reibbelag für bauelemente in bremssystemen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001028947A1 WO2001028947A1 PCT/EP2000/010096 EP0010096W WO0128947A1 WO 2001028947 A1 WO2001028947 A1 WO 2001028947A1 EP 0010096 W EP0010096 W EP 0010096W WO 0128947 A1 WO0128947 A1 WO 0128947A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- friction lining
- glass
- lining according
- friction
- sio
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910003471 inorganic composite material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 magnesium aluminate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012243 magnesium silicates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910008556 Li2O—Al2O3—SiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005354 aluminosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015800 MoS Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005385 borate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003831 antifriction material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 61
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 210000001170 unmyelinated nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYLUREA Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005293 duran Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001140714 Citrus latifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000530268 Lycaena heteronea Species 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Ca] Chemical compound [Na].[Ca] VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006107 alkali alkaline earth silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052915 alkaline earth metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HZVVJJIYJKGMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N almasilate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](O)=O HZVVJJIYJKGMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005407 aluminoborosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000145845 chattering Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- DEPUMLCRMAUJIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;disodium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O DEPUMLCRMAUJIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052851 sillimanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
- C03C14/004—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of particles or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
- C03C14/002—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of fibres, filaments, yarns, felts or woven material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
- F16D69/028—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides containing fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2214/00—Nature of the non-vitreous component
- C03C2214/02—Fibres; Filaments; Yarns; Felts; Woven material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2214/00—Nature of the non-vitreous component
- C03C2214/04—Particles; Flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2214/00—Nature of the non-vitreous component
- C03C2214/20—Glass-ceramics matrix
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0034—Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
- F16D2200/0039—Ceramics
- F16D2200/0043—Ceramic base, e.g. metal oxides or ceramic binder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/006—Materials; Production methods therefor containing fibres or particles
- F16D2200/0065—Inorganic, e.g. non-asbestos mineral fibres
Definitions
- the invention relates to friction linings for structural and functional elements in brake systems, in particular in systems for motor vehicles, consisting of an inorganic composite material consisting of a glass or glass ceramic matrix, inorganic reinforcing fibers and one or more fillers.
- Components or functional elements in brake systems e.g. B. for land vehicles (cars, trucks, trains, etc.) or aircraft should allow the greatest possible delays.
- the coefficient of friction ⁇ should be as high as possible and should depend as little as possible on the operating and ambient conditions. Since the transferable forces are proportional to the product of the coefficient of friction and contact pressure ( ⁇ x F A ), the higher the coefficient of friction ⁇ , the smaller the brake can be designed while maintaining the contact force.
- the coefficient of friction of the friction lining depends on the counterpart. Common counterparts in automotive brakes are gray cast iron or steel. The friction linings currently used for passenger car brakes have ⁇ values of approximately 0.2-0.5 in practical driving operation against gray cast iron. The design of the brakes is based on a design value of 0.25, which already includes a safety factor.
- the coefficient of friction should be as constant as possible in relation to changes in temperature, humidity, contact pressure and angular velocity.
- the wear of the friction linings should be low.
- the ideal value for the life of the pads if the brake was operated correctly would be the mileage of the vehicle, however, the replacement of brake pads during the life of the vehicle is common.
- the counterpart of the friction lining must not be worn too much by the lining.
- a measure of wear is the wear rate.
- a high level of mechanical strength and fracture toughness is required in particular when mounting the coverings by riveting, clamping or gluing.
- the burst speed should be 1, 7 - 2 times the maximum wheel speed, i. H. Usually values around 5,000 / min, since such high revolutions of the brake disc can occur at high speeds of a car.
- the environmental friendliness of the materials used can be regarded as already solved, at least insofar as on the The use of asbestos, which used to be common for brake pads, can be dispensed with.
- the friction linings currently available on the market for motor vehicle brakes are composite materials with an organic (polymer) matrix. They consist of yarns that are embedded in a friction cement made of resins, rubbers and fillers such as carbon black, graphite and kaolin.
- the yarns are preferably made of polyacrylonitrile, aramid, cellulose, glass and other fibers and brass or copper wire.
- Such friction linings show a very good comfort behavior, but due to their organic components, in particular the organic matrix, have an unsatisfactory temperature stability, so that when certain temperature limits are exceeded during braking, the coefficient of friction drops, thereby leading to a great reduction in comfort due to "lining plucking" and ultimately to Fading (slipping of the brake) leads. With further load, this leads to self-destruction of the friction lining and to the complete failure of the braking function.
- a composite material for friction linings is known from EP 0 469 464 B1, in which the binder matrix is produced from a mixture of SiO 2 and at least partially water-soluble silicates, e.g. B. alkali silicates (water glass), which is cured in the presence of water.
- B. alkali silicates water glass
- Such a material will have a lack of hydrolytic resistance, which z. B. negatively affects the occurrence of condensation when the temperature falls below the dew point.
- the object of the invention is to find a friction lining for brake systems, in particular motor vehicle brakes, which has an improved property profile, above all an increased temperature resistance and, in connection with this, has the ability to transmit a larger braking torque for a predetermined friction lining surface.
- inorganic composite material according to claim 1.
- a purely inorganic composite material made of a glass or glass ceramic matrix, inorganic reinforcing fibers and one or more fillers is particularly suitable for use as a friction lining for brake systems due to its special properties if one or more lubricants, the plane, are used as the filler have hexagonal structural elements are included.
- fillers and functional substances hereinafter simply called fillers
- the fillers are incorporated in the manufacturing process, e.g. B. added to the slurry.
- every glass can be reinforced with ceramic fibers. To avoid or reduce internal stresses, it makes sense to aim for a certain adjustment of the thermal expansion coefficient. Since the frequently used reinforcing fibers silicon carbide fibers and carbon fibers have small thermal expansions, glasses are preferred as the matrix which have a thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ 20/300 of less than 10 x 10 "6 / K.
- the maximum permissible temperature for such a reinforced composite material depends on its specific ingredients and on its structure.
- the glass transition temperature T g of the glass used as a matrix represents an orientation value for the maximum continuous operating temperature.
- the fiber strengthening can increase the temperature resistance, so that fiber-reinforced glasses can also successfully withstand temperatures above T g of the glass matrix.
- Borosilicate glasses the best-known representatives of which are commercially available under the names Duran ® and Pyrex ® , have a low coefficient of thermal expansion ⁇ 20/300 , in the range from approx. 3 to 5 ⁇ 10 "6 / K, and a T g value in the range of approx. 500 ° C to 600 ° C.
- These glasses generally have an approximate composition (in% by weight on an oxide basis) of 70-80 SiO 2 , 7-14 B 2 O 3 , 4-8 alkali oxides and 2-8 Al 2 O 3 .
- Aluminosilicate glasses in particular glasses with an approximate composition (in% by weight based on oxide) of 50-55 SiO 2 , 8-12 B 2 O 3 , 10-20 alkaline earth oxides and 20-25 Al 2 O 3 are also well suited as matrix glasses because they are highly temperature resistant. They have T g values in the range from about 650 ° C to 750 ° C.
- alkali-alkaline earth silicate glasses e.g. approximate composition in% by weight 74 SiO 2 , 16 Na 2 O, 10 CaO
- T g of approx. 540 ° C
- ⁇ 20/300 of approx. 9 x 10 "6 / K can successfully serve as the glass matrix of the composite material according to the invention.
- Basalt glass and starting glasses for rock wool are also suitable as a glass matrix.
- Glasses such as those used for television tubes, namely for the tube parts funnel and screen, are also suitable as a glass matrix.
- Screen glasses are generally alkaline-earth metal silicate glasses with high proportions of SrO and / or BaO.
- Funnel glasses are mostly glasses of the same type of glass, which also contain small amounts of PbO.
- glasses such as those used for the neck of television tubes, so-called neck glasses contain a high amount of PbO and are therefore less suitable here because of the desired environmental friendliness of the materials.
- Glass ceramics have an even higher temperature resistance as a matrix. Glass ceramics and their production by controlled crystallization have been known for decades.
- Suitable material systems for the glass ceramic matrix are e.g. B. Li 2 O - AI 2 O 3 - SiO 2 , MgO - AI 2 O 3 - SiO 2 , CaO - AI 2 O 3 - SiO 2 or MgO - CaO - BaO - AI 2 O 3 - SiO 2 , which by Additives can be modified in a variety of known ways.
- the glass ceramic matrix can also consist of a borate glass containing Li 2 O - Al 2 O 3 - SiO 2 crystal or other crystallizing glass solders.
- Such composites have the advantage that they can be processed at relatively low temperatures, but withstand higher temperatures after crystallization.
- the proportion of the glass or glass ceramic matrix in the composite material results as the remainder from the proportions of reinforcing fibers and fillers specified below. However, it should not be less than 5% by weight and not more than 60% by weight. A proportion between 20 and 55% by weight is preferred, particularly preferably one between 25 and 50% by weight.
- Fibers made of carbon SiC, BN, Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , mullite, mainly of 3 Al 2 O 3 x 2 SiO 2 , calcium silicates (x CaO. Y SiO 2 ) are mainly used.
- fibers of the sialon type Si, Al, O, N
- E-glass is a calcium aluminoborosilicate glass that is largely free of alkali.
- S glass is a magnesium aluminosilicate glass, C glass a sodium calcium borosilicate glass and A glass a sodium calcium silicate glass.
- Carbon fibers and silicon carbide fibers are particularly suitable.
- a high fiber content of SiC fibers reduces wear.
- Composite materials that contain both SiC and C fibers are particularly advantageous, since the wear is reduced and the inexpensive C fibers can be used to coordinate the friction behavior.
- a ratio of SiC / C of approximately 1 to 4 is particularly preferred. By reducing the SiC content to 1/5, the manufacturing costs of the composite material can be reduced enormously without having to accept any deterioration in properties.
- the reinforcing fibers can also be provided with a, usually thin, coating, for example made of carbon, carbides, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 or other oxides.
- the fiber content in the composite material is approximately between 5 and 55% by weight. A higher degree of filling can only be achieved with considerable costs, with one With a proportion of fibers of less than 5% by weight, the changes in properties due to the fiber reinforcement, in particular the increase in strength, are very small and a uniform distribution of the fibers in the matrix is made more difficult.
- a fiber content of about 25 to 45% by weight is preferred for economic and technical reasons.
- hybrid composites are obtained.
- the friction lining according to the invention contains one or more inorganic fillers which are used in powder form.
- the filler component used is a lubricant which contains flat hexagonal structural elements.
- Preferred lubricants are: phyllosilicates, carbon black, graphite, mica, MoS 2 .
- Particularly preferred lubricants are: carbon black, graphite.
- SiO 2 used as crystalline quartz, diatomaceous earth, quartz glass or quartz material, Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 or similar oxides, also Fe 2 O 3 and Cr 2 O 3 , calcium silicates such as wollastonite (CaO x SiO 2 ), 2 CaO x SiO 2 , 3 CaO x SiO 2 , magnesium silicates and their hydrates, e.g. B.
- talc (3 MgO x 4 SiO 2 x H 2 O), zirconium silicate, dolomite, aluminosilicates such as mullite, sillimanite, kaolin or clay, further calcium aluminosilicates, potassium aluminosilicates and magnesium aluminosilicates, e.g. B. cordierite, also cement, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and its hydrates, magnesium aluminate, chromite, titanium oxide, eg. B. rutile, titanium boride, aluminum titanate, other carbonates, e.g. B. lime, also quicklime (CaO), sulfates, e.g. B.
- sulfides such as MoS 2 or CuS
- nitrides e.g. B. BN
- carbides e.g. B. SiC, B 4 C, TiC
- coke powder glass ceramic
- glass ceramic z. B. from the material systems mentioned for glass ceramics, as well as metals, for. B. copper, aluminum, magnesium, iron or steel, or semi-metals such as silicon and / or their alloys.
- the fillers can be glassy, ceramic or metallic, for example.
- a glassy filler or a filler made of glass ceramic can be or glass ceramic matrix with different compositions z. B. be distinguished by means of an electron beam microsensor. If the same glass or the same glass ceramic is used as a matrix and as a filler, this analysis method is unsuitable. However, it is possible to distinguish the matrix from the filler using light-optical methods, since the matrix, in contrast to the filler, is completely melted.
- SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , magnesium silicates and their hydrates, calcium silicates, mullite, kaolin, SiC, TiC, TiB, BaSO 4 , BN, glass ceramic, carbon, carbon black or coke powder are preferably used as fillers.
- the hard materials are characterized by the fact that they increase the wear resistance, while the components with lower hardness improve the comfort behavior.
- the lubricant (s) in particular carbon black, graphite and / or mica, is used together with a component from the group ZrO 2 , TiB 2 , glass ceramic, as the filler.
- the proportion of lubricant in particular the proportion of carbon black, is preferably more than 15%, in particular more than 50%, based on the proportion of filler, but it is preferred that at least one further filler is present in addition to the lubricant.
- the carbon black used as a lubricant is present as primary particles and as conglomerates of these primary particles, preferably as conglomerates (soot flakes) of particles (primary particles) which have an average diameter between 1 nm and 10 nm.
- the carbon black is preferably present as primary particle conglomerates with an average diameter between 10 nm and 50 ⁇ m, preferably between 10 nm and 500 nm.
- Carbon black with conglomerates with an average diameter between 10 nm and 150 nm is particularly preferred.
- the content of fillers in the composite material is at least about 5% by weight and at most 50% by weight.
- a filler content of 25 to 40% by weight is particularly preferred.
- the composite materials can be adapted to their intended use through a targeted selection of matrix, fibers and fillers.
- Many physical properties such as thermal expansion, heat conduction, creep behavior under thermal loads, tribological behavior etc. can be varied and set within certain limits.
- the fibers built into the composite material can be varied in a variety of ways, not only with regard to the chemical composition, but also with regard to the microstructure and the external geometry.
- the microstructure of the fibers determines (with the same chemical composition) the physical properties. So there is e.g. C-fibers have special high-modulus and high-strength fibers whose different degrees of graphitization influence the tribological and thermal behavior. Thus, when using the same reinforcing fibers, there is a limited possibility of variation, on the basis of which the composite material can be optimized for the desired properties.
- the geometry (shape and dimensions) of the reinforcing fibers and the arrangement of the fibers in the composite offer particularly varied options.
- the glasses and glass ceramics can be reinforced with whiskers, short fibers, long fibers or continuous fibers. There are further possibilities when using fiber mats, fiber fabrics and in the use of fiber felt.
- the fiber orientation in the material can be adapted to the geometry of the component made from the material, for example by generating circular or differently shaped ring structures or ring-shaped components. Whiskers and short fibers (up to approx. 5 mm fiber length) are usually distributed isotropically in the composite, which leads to isotropic properties, but they can also be partially aligned, for example by extrusion at elevated temperature. Very high fracture toughness cannot be achieved with whiskers or short fibers.
- fiber felt and fiber fabric leads to composite materials which, in comparison to long or continuous fiber composite materials, only have moderate strength values, but which can be produced with inexpensive techniques.
- fabrics and felt can also be infiltrated with glass melts or with sol-gel solutions, which can be converted into glass or glass ceramics by subsequent heat treatment.
- the mechanical properties such as the strength and the modulus of elasticity of fiber-reinforced glasses or glass ceramics are essentially influenced by the amount and arrangement of the fibers introduced.
- the thermomechanical properties, such as the thermal expansion, and the thermal properties, eg. B. the thermal conductivity, as well as the tribological properties such as coefficients of friction and wear are influenced by the composition of the overall composite, ie by the proportions of individual components and by their properties.
- Purely SiC fiber-reinforced glasses have a very low anisotropic thermal conductivity of approx. 1.5 W xm " x K " 1 , which can be changed depending on their proportion by adding additional components.
- the addition of carbon fibers and / or carbon, metal and / or ceramic powder thus increases the thermal conductivity and also the thermal expansion.
- B. silica glass these property values can be reduced accordingly.
- the composite materials can be machined well, so that they integrate well as coatings on / in the brake system, i.a. rivet, screw, clamp or let glue.
- the purely inorganic composite materials with a water-insoluble matrix that contain lubricants withstand the special combined thermo-tribo-mechanical stress to which friction linings for brakes are subjected. In this way, they also meet the requirements for bursting speed. They are very temperature-resistant and thus meet the particularly high demands placed on friction linings for brake systems. In addition to the required strength, they also have a constantly high coefficient of friction and relatively little wear, and they show good comfort behavior.
- these composite materials have a much higher permanent temperature resistance than conventional organic brake pads, a wear rate against gray cast iron of less than 1 x 10 "4 mm 3 / Nm, a coefficient of friction ⁇ against gray cast iron between 0.3 and 0.8 and a high coefficient of friction at sliding speeds of 4-40 m / s
- the coefficient of friction and wear rate were determined in a block-ring arrangement with the ring as a metallic counterpart at pressures up to 5 MPa and relative speeds up to 5 m / s the disc as a metallic counterpart leads to the same values.
- the composite materials are therefore ideally suited as friction linings for brake systems. For this purpose, they are superior to the materials previously used. Their high permanent temperature resistance distinguishes them from the commonly used organic coverings. Compared to metallic sintered coverings, they are particularly characterized by their good comfort behavior and low wear of the counterpart.
- the purely inorganic composite materials described thus combine the required properties, which have so far only been partially realized, and are therefore very suitable for a wide variety of brake systems.
- the usual motor vehicle brake is the hydraulically actuated disc or drum brake for decelerating these vehicles.
- the friction linings according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for these brake systems.
- the composite materials described are very well suited as friction linings.
- the composite materials are not only used as a friction lining for vehicles of the types described, but also as a friction lining for other braking systems, for example for turbomachines and production machines, e.g. B. printing and textile machines, and suitable for transport, conveyor and lifting systems.
- Fiber-reinforced composite materials with fibers in an unregulated fiber arrangement were produced from various material combinations in the usual way, namely in the slurry-sol-gel process.
- compositions represent% by weight.
- filler-free composite materials made of 50% borosilicate glass matrix (Duran ® ) and 50% SiC and / or C fibers, namely short fibers from 1 to 50 mm in length, were produced in different proportions: V1 - V5.
- the respective fiber proportions and the measurement results are listed in Table 1.
- Table 1 Coefficients of friction and wear rates of composite materials made of 50% borosilicate glass matrix and 50% fibers.
- DURAN ® borosilicate glass matrix
- SiC 30% SiC
- C fibers 24%)
- V6 - V8 lubricant-containing, especially soot-containing (B1 - B5) fillers or filler mixtures produced.
- the coefficient of friction remains high in the filler-containing examples (approx. 0.4 - 0.6) and the wear is maintained or even reduced within permissible limits and the comfort behavior improved.
- the coefficient of friction is high (up to approx. 0.6) and the wear remains sufficiently low. Above all, the comfort behavior is improved.
- the specific data of the coefficient of friction and the wear rate are listed in Table 2. Even with carbon black with mica and / or ZrO 2 as a filler combination, the coefficient of friction is improved or remains high and the wear rate remains low. Comfort behavior is also improved.
- Example B4 in Table 2 illustrates these statements. Glass ceramics also belong to this group of fillers and also reduce wear. The replacement of glass ceramics with titanium boride in combination with soot further reduces wear (B5).
- the friction lining made of matrix, fibers and lubricant-containing fillers thus has a good comfort behavior compared to the filler-free and also with the filler-containing lubricant-free examples and combines a good, ie high coefficient of friction with a good, ie low wear rate. In particular the comfort behavior is improved. It should be described with the following qualitative information:
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/110,996 US7208432B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-13 | Friction lining for braking system components |
MXPA02003935A MXPA02003935A (es) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-13 | Revestimiento de friccion para componentes de sistemas de frenos. |
EP00974388A EP1230185A1 (de) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-13 | Reibbelag für bauelemente in bremssystemen |
AU12717/01A AU1271701A (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-13 | Friction lining for braking system components |
BR0014897-0A BR0014897A (pt) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-13 | Revestimento de atrito para componentes usados em sistemas de freio |
CA002386251A CA2386251C (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-13 | Friction lining for components used in brake systems |
JP2001531740A JP2003528261A (ja) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-13 | ブレーキシステムに使用される構成部品用摩擦ライニング |
KR10-2002-7004533A KR100491215B1 (ko) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-13 | 브레이크 시스템에 이용되는 구성부품용 마찰 라이닝 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19950622.1 | 1999-10-20 | ||
DE19950622A DE19950622A1 (de) | 1999-10-20 | 1999-10-20 | Reibbelag für Bauelemente in Bremssystemen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001028947A1 true WO2001028947A1 (de) | 2001-04-26 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2000/010096 WO2001028947A1 (de) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-10-13 | Reibbelag für bauelemente in bremssystemen |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7208432B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1230185A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003528261A (de) |
KR (1) | KR100491215B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1212992C (de) |
AU (1) | AU1271701A (de) |
BR (1) | BR0014897A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2386251C (de) |
DE (1) | DE19950622A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA02003935A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001028947A1 (de) |
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GB2617132A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-04 | Airbus Operations Ltd | A brake component |
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- 2000-10-13 CA CA002386251A patent/CA2386251C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-13 EP EP00974388A patent/EP1230185A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-13 KR KR10-2002-7004533A patent/KR100491215B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-13 WO PCT/EP2000/010096 patent/WO2001028947A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-13 MX MXPA02003935A patent/MXPA02003935A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-13 US US10/110,996 patent/US7208432B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-13 CN CNB008146853A patent/CN1212992C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-13 JP JP2001531740A patent/JP2003528261A/ja active Pending
- 2000-10-13 BR BR0014897-0A patent/BR0014897A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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EP1521073A1 (de) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-04-06 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Prüfen von Carbon-Keramik-Bremsscheiben |
US20100151256A1 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2010-06-17 | Steffen Beyer | Method for Producing a Component from a Fiber Reinforced Ceramic, in particular, for Use as a Power Plant Component |
CN106438792A (zh) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-02-22 | 重庆红宇摩擦制品有限公司 | 具有阻燃功能的汽车摩擦衬片及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20020068033A (ko) | 2002-08-24 |
CA2386251C (en) | 2009-10-06 |
CN1212992C (zh) | 2005-08-03 |
MXPA02003935A (es) | 2003-01-28 |
EP1230185A1 (de) | 2002-08-14 |
JP2003528261A (ja) | 2003-09-24 |
DE19950622A1 (de) | 2001-05-31 |
CN1382111A (zh) | 2002-11-27 |
KR100491215B1 (ko) | 2005-05-25 |
US7208432B1 (en) | 2007-04-24 |
CA2386251A1 (en) | 2001-04-26 |
BR0014897A (pt) | 2002-06-11 |
AU1271701A (en) | 2001-04-30 |
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