WO2001028144A1 - Dispositif et procede de synchronisation - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de synchronisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001028144A1
WO2001028144A1 PCT/JP1999/005715 JP9905715W WO0128144A1 WO 2001028144 A1 WO2001028144 A1 WO 2001028144A1 JP 9905715 W JP9905715 W JP 9905715W WO 0128144 A1 WO0128144 A1 WO 0128144A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
input
line
quality
synchronization signal
external
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PCT/JP1999/005715
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yasuo Fujii
Original Assignee
Fujitsu Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Fujitsu Limited filed Critical Fujitsu Limited
Priority to PCT/JP1999/005715 priority Critical patent/WO2001028144A1/fr
Publication of WO2001028144A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001028144A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
    • H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
    • H04J3/0647—Synchronisation among TDM nodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
    • H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
    • H04J2203/0057—Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM]
    • H04J2203/006—Fault tolerance and recovery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
    • H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
    • H04J2203/0089—Multiplexing, e.g. coding, scrambling, SONET

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a synchronization device, and in particular, to a transmission device capable of configuring various synchronization networks by preventing the occurrence of a synchronization loop between SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) transmission devices including SONET (Synchronous Optica 1 Network).
  • SDH Serial Digital Hierarchy
  • SONET Synchronous Optica 1 Network
  • SDH transmission has become widespread with the digitization, diversification, and high speed of information.
  • signals are transmitted and received while synchronizing with each other between transmission devices.
  • the transmission device detects an external clock signal input from a clock device inside the office or a synchronization signal in a timing signal distributed from another transmission device by a transmission line, and detects those clock signals.
  • the highest quality clock source is selected and synchronized.
  • the entire transmission network is synchronized with the reference timing.
  • the SDH transmission equipment uses STM (Synchronous Transfer Mode) —frame synchronization signals (A1 and A2 bytes in the section overhead) from the n-line or external signals from the clock equipment. It operates in synchronization with the timing and distributes it to other devices via the STM-n line. Synchronizers are very important for SDH devices. Normally, multiple synchronizing signals are input to the synchronizer, and the synchronizer is used as an operating synchronization source. When an error occurs, a redundant configuration is used to switch to another source. When selecting a source, the STM-n line is a 4-bit information called SS MB (Synchronization Management Half Byte) added to the external signal itself. Use to compare the quality of the input clock sources and select the highest quality source to use.
  • the SDH has five qualities specified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T), and the following qualities are specified in order of higher quality.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show an example of the synchronization sequence.
  • the external input ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) 23 and the STM- ⁇ line (LINE a) 21 are set as the source of the device 11, and the source of the other device 12 is set as the source.
  • STM-n line (LINE b) 25 is set.
  • the device 11 receives the external clock of the quality PRC by the clock device 10 from the external input 23, and receives the timing information of the quality SSU-A from the line 21. I do. Based on these quality comparisons, the device 11 synchronizes with the higher-quality PRC side, and sends a SYNC message to the STM-n lines 22 and 24 with the synchronization quality of its own device as PRC. As a result, the opposing device 12 is synchronized with the quality PRC.
  • FIG. 2 shows a case in which the clock device 10 in FIG. 1 has failed and the clock quality from the external input 23 has dropped to SSU-B.
  • the device 11 synchronizes with the clock quality SSU—A side from the STM—n line 21, and the SSU—to the opposing device 12 via the STM—n line 24. Send the SYNC message changed to A.
  • the synchronization quality of the device 12 also deteriorates to SSU-A.
  • DNU Do Not Use
  • Figures 3 and 4 show the operating principle of such a conventional timing group prevention measure.
  • Figure 3 operates as follows. In other words, “The device that synchronizes with the receiving STM-n line sends DNU to the synchronized STM-n line.” (Hereafter, this is referred to as “timing group prevention method 1”.) ).
  • the STM-n lines 21 and 25 are set as the source of the device 11, and the STM-n lines 24 and 27 are set as the source of the device 12. ing. Therefore, the device 11 having the quality SSU-A synchronizes with the quality PRC from the STM-n line 21 and sends the DNU to the output line 22 thereof. Also, the device 12 synchronizes with the quality PRC of the STM-n line 24 and sends out DNU to the output line 25 thereof.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example of the case in Fig. 3 in which synchronization is performed only by a simple comparison of synchronization quality without performing the above-mentioned preventive measure 1 of the timing group.
  • the device 11 synchronized with the quality PRC in FIG. 3 also sends the PRC to the STM-n line 22.
  • device 1 2 sends a PRC to STM-n line 25.
  • the quality of the STM-n line 21 input to the device 11 degrades to DNU, the quality of the STM- ⁇ line 25 is PRC.
  • device 11 continues to send PRC to STM-n line 24.
  • FIG. 5 shows another time-group prevention measure.
  • a device that temporarily outputs the timing signal of the STM_n line to the EXTOUT line, which is synchronized with the timing signal from the EXT IN line and outputs the EXT IN signal. If the quality of the STM-n line is equal to the quality of the STM-n line, the DNU is sent to that STM-n line. "(Hereinafter, this is referred to as” timing group prevention measure 2 ").
  • the PRC-quality timing signal given to the device 12 from the STM-n line 24 is output to the EXTOUT line 28 once, and the signal at the output destination is reproduced.
  • the same PRC quality timing signal whose waveform has been shaped by the device (SCU) 13 is input to the EXT IN line 29 of the device 12.
  • Device 12 compares the quality of the STM-n line 24 and the EXT IN line 29 and, in this case, the same quality PRC, the EXT IN line according to the priority level (EXT> LINE b). Synchronize with the PRC quality from pin 29 and send the DNU to the output of the STM-n line 24.
  • the device 12 is not directly synchronized with the STM-n line 24, the STM-n is indirectly connected via the signal reproducing device 13.
  • the DNU is sent to the output side of the STM-n line 24 in the same way as the timing group prevention measure 1 described above, so that the timing shown in FIG. Prevent the occurrence of mining loops.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a transmission network in which a clock source is made redundant by two clock devices 10 and 16 for supplying a clock of PRC quality.
  • the device 11 is synchronized with the EXT line 23 or the STM-n line 25, and if both have the same quality, the EXT line 23 side has priority.
  • device 15 synchronizes to EXT line 35 or STM-n line 34. However, if the EXT line 35 and the STM-n line 34 have the same quality, the STM-n line 34 side has priority.
  • the device 12 is synchronized with the EXTIN line 29 or the STM-n line 24 and outputs the synchronization timing of the STM-n line 24 to the EXTOUT line 28. . If the EXTIN line 29 and the STMn line 24 have the same quality, the EXTIN line 29 has priority.
  • the device 14 synchronizes with the EXTIN line 31 or the STM-n line 33, and gives priority to the EXTIN line 31.
  • the signal reproducing device 13 receives the timing from the EXTOUT lines 28 and 32 from the devices 12 and 14, selects the high-quality side, performs waveform shaping, and performs the waveform shaping. Output to EXTIN lines 29 and 31 of 12 and 14. If both are of the same quality, the line 28 side has priority.
  • both of the two clock devices 10 and 16 supply a clock of PRC quality
  • the device 11 side gives priority to the EXT line 23 while the other device
  • the devices 12 and 14 are based on the timing group prevention measure 2 described above
  • the device 15 is based on the timing group prevention measure. Synchronize with the PRC quality of the clock device 10 side by 1. Therefore, the entire network is synchronized with the PRC quality of the clock device 10.
  • FIG. 7 shows a case where a failure has occurred in the clock device 10 in this state, and the quality of the clock device 10 has been degraded to DNU.
  • the device 11 transits to the holdover which is in the free-running state, and sends SEC, which is the synchronization quality, to the STM-n line 24. I do. Since the SEC has only one higher quality than the DNU, it reaches the STM-n line 34 of the device 15 without changing the synchronization destination based on the previous PRC quality.
  • the side of the higher-quality clock device 16 is selected by the device 15, and the device 14 receives the PRC quality from the STM-n line 33.
  • Synchronize with Group Prevention Measure No.2 Device 1 and 2 also synchronize with PRC, and finally Device 11 synchronizes with Time Group Prevention Measure No.1 with PRC quality of STM-n line 25 .
  • the entire network is synchronized with the PRC quality of the clock device 16.
  • the signal source of the EXT IN line 31 supplied from the signal reproducing device 13 to the device 14 is the signal from the EX TOUT line 28 of the device 12.
  • the device 14 itself could not determine whether the signal was from the EXTOUT line 32 of the device 14.
  • the device 14 cannot detect a change such that the quality of the EXT OUT line 28 becomes equal to the quality of the existing EXT IN line 31, and the STM-n Line 34 continued sending DNU. Disclosure of the invention
  • This provides an SDH network that synchronizes the entire network with a single reference clock.
  • a synchronization processing unit a line input / output unit for inputting / outputting a synchronization signal on a line, an external output unit for externally outputting a synchronization signal input to the line input / output unit, An external input unit to which an external synchronization signal is input; and an opposite input unit to which a synchronization signal of an opposite device is input, wherein the synchronization processing unit is configured to control the quality of the external synchronization signal of the external input unit and the license.
  • the line A synchronizer is provided for outputting an external synchronization signal of the external input means onto the line via an input / output means.
  • the synchronization processing means when the quality of the external synchronization signal of the external input means and the quality of the input synchronization signal of the line input / output means are equal and different from the quality of the synchronization signal of the opposite input means, A synchronization signal of synchronization quality DNU is output onto the line via a line input / output unit.
  • the synchronization processing unit is set to switch between normal / slave, The set device is provided with opposed output means for outputting a synchronizing signal to be applied thereto, instead of the opposed input means of the device (corresponding to a slave device).
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example (1) of a synchronization sequence.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example (2) of the synchronization sequence.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the operating principle (1) of the conventional timing group prevention measure No. 1.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram showing the operation principle (2) of the conventional timing group prevention measure No. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the operation principle of the conventional timing group prevention measure 2.
  • Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example (1) of a conventional transmission network operation with a redundant clock source.
  • Figure 7 shows an example (2) of a conventional transmission network operation with a redundant clock source.
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example (3) of a conventional transmission network operation with a redundant clock source.
  • Fig. 9 is a diagram showing an example (4) of a conventional transmission network operation in which a clock source is made redundant.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example (1) of a transmission network operation in which a clock source according to the present invention is made redundant.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example (2) of a transmission network operation in which a clock source according to the present invention is made redundant.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example (3) of a transmission network operation in which a clock source according to the present invention is made redundant.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example (4) of a transmission network operation according to the present invention in which a clock source is made redundant.
  • Fig. 14 is an example (5) of a transmission network operation in which a clock source is redundant according to the present invention (5), and is a diagram showing an operation result of the timing group prevention measure 3 of the present invention. is there.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of the SDH transmission device.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an outline of a processing process of the control processing unit.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a main processing routine of the SYNC processing process.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the SYNC table.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of the synchronization source determination step process.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of the EXTOUT-P determination step process.
  • Figure 21 shows an example of the EXTOUT-S confirmation step process.
  • FIG. 22 shows an example of the step processing of loop prevention measure # 1.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of the step processing of loop prevention measures 2 and 3.
  • FIGS. 10 to 14 show an example of the basic operation of the synchronizer according to the present invention and a system using the synchronizer.
  • Figs. 10 to 13 correspond to the conventional operations of Figs. 6 to 9 described above, respectively. Therefore, the same portions are denoted by the same reference symbols, and will not be described repeatedly below.
  • the EXTOUT and EXTIN lines 28 and 29 and the devices 12 and 14 containing the 31 and 32 lines are used as the modes when they synchronize with the EXTIN.
  • device 12 is set to normal and device 14 is set to slave.
  • the normal equipment Connect a new monitor line 41 between the output port of 1 2 and the input port of the slave device 14.
  • the normal device 12 outputs the timing information of the STM-n line 24 to the monitor line 41.
  • the normal device 12 has an existing EXTOUT port, an EXTOUT primary port (EXTOUT-P) and a spare EXTOUT secondary port (EXTOUT-S), and the slave device 14 has an existing EXTOUT port. It has an existing EXTIN port, an EXTIN primary port (EXTIN-P) and a spare EXTIN secondary port (EXTIN-S).
  • the input to the EXTIN-P port of the slave device 14 is from the signal reproducing device 13 and to the EXTIN-S port is to the signal reproducing device 13 E
  • the XTOUT signal of the normal device 12 is input.
  • the slave device 14 adds the following processing to the conventional timing group prevention measure 2. In other words, "If the quality from £ chome 1 ⁇ -3 is the same as the quality from EXTIN-P, do not perform loop prevention measure 2" (hereinafter referred to as "timing group prevention measure 3"). ).
  • the slave device 14 sends the EXTIN-P clock information to the STM-n line 34, and the device 15 synchronizes with it.
  • the slave device 14 does not become a target of the loop prevention measure No. 2, and thus operates exactly the same as the conventional example of FIG.
  • FIG. 11 As in the case of FIG. 7, a failure occurs in the clock device 10 and its quality is degraded to DNU. As a result, the device 11 that has transited to the holdover sends the synchronization quality SEC to the STM_n line 24.
  • the operation here is exactly the same as in Fig. 7.
  • FIG. 12 below the entire network is synchronized with the PRC quality of the higher-quality clock device 16 in exactly the same manner as in FIG.
  • the clock device 10 recovers from the failure as in FIG. 9 described above.
  • the DNU continues to be provided from the device 14 to the device 15 by the timing group prevention measure 2 regardless of whether or not the clock device 10 is restored.
  • the quality of the monitor line 41 of the EXTIN-S of the slave device 14 becomes PRC, which coincides with the quality PRC of the EXTIN-P line 31. Therefore, the timing group prevention measure 3 is applied.
  • the slave device 14 stops sending DNU to the STM-n line 34, and instead, the PRC-quality clock from the EXTIN-P line 31 is stopped. Data to the STM-n line 34.
  • equipment 15 is a measure to prevent The clock is synchronized with the PRC of the clock device 10 by the 1st.
  • the entire network is resynchronized with the PRC quality of the clock device 16.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of an SDH transmission device 51 including one or a plurality of shelves and a unit mounted in the shelves.
  • control processing unit 52 receives a command from a transmission monitoring device (not shown), and controls the main signal unit 53 and the clock processing unit 54 in its own device according to the command. It also monitors the status of each unit and notifies the transmission monitoring device of fault information.
  • the main signal unit 53 performs the transmission device's original functions such as transmission, reception, multiplexing, demultiplexing, cross-connect, and switching of the transmission main signal.
  • the clock processing unit 54 executes the synchronization processing of the transmission device.
  • STM A timing signal from the n-line or an external EXT signal is input to this clock processing unit 54, and SDH transmission synchronized with one of the selected timing signals is performed there.
  • Device 51 Generates its own timing. The generated timing is distributed to each unit 52, 53 inside the device, and the entire device is synchronized.
  • the SDH transmission device 51 originally has a redundant configuration.
  • an EXTERNAL-OUT-PRIMA is used to output a synchronization signal.
  • Two output ports are available: RY (EXTOUT—P) and EXTERNAL— ⁇ UT—SEC 0 NDARY (EXTOUT-S).
  • RY EXTOUT—P
  • EXTERNAL— ⁇ UT—SEC 0 NDARY EXTOUT-S
  • EXTERNAL-IN-PRIMARY EXTI-P
  • EXTERNAL-IN-SECONDARY EXTIN-S
  • SCU signal reproduction device
  • FIG. 16 shows an overview of the processing process of the control processing unit 52.
  • 2 3 2 C processing, X.25 communication, and LAN communication processing processes 61 1, 62, and 63 are respectively performed by a personal computer (PC), bucket device, or bucket network for remote login. Performs interface processing with the network and hub devices in the campus network.
  • the user management process 64 performs authentication processing for the user who logs in.
  • the TL1 processing process 65 processes messages and commands input through the respective interfaces, thereby setting the normal Z slave setting in the present invention to the SYNC processing process 6. Notify 6.
  • the change detection process 69 is used as another processing flow.
  • the content of detection of a change in synchronization quality or an abnormality in the processing unit 54 is notified.
  • the SYNC processing process 66 requests the alarm processing process 68 to perform the alarm processing based on the notification.
  • the alarm processing process 68 performs an alarm process based on the notification content, and passes the process content to the report communication process 67.
  • the report communication process 67 transforms it into a predetermined form. By converting and adjusting the format, the report is compiled into a report, and the contents of the report are reported to a predetermined administrator or the like via the interfaces 61 to 63.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example of the main processing routine in the SYNC processing process 66.
  • FIGS. 18 to 23 show an example of a detailed processing flow executed in each processing routine in the main processing routine.
  • the SYNC processing process 66 receives a command from each of the interfaces 61 to 63 or a synchronization status change notification from the change detection process 69 (S101), it determines which one it is. (S102), in the case of command reception, the table contents are updated in the setting change table creation step (S103), and in the case of change notification, the LIN EZ EXTERNAL change step (S102) In 104), the contents of change in the synchronization state of the STM-n line or EXT line are determined.
  • FIG. 18 shows an example of the SYNC table created in the step (S103) of creating the setting change table.
  • the normal Z slave status setting, the number of registered synchronization sources, and the current setting value are given by a command from an operator or the like who has logged in remotely.
  • EXTOUT-P registration number and current setting value (each current quality value), EXTOUT-S registration and current setting value (each current quality value) are written in the corresponding data areas.
  • the priority order is determined according to the registration order of each registered number.
  • the variable M is set to the minimum synchronization quality DNU as an initial value
  • the variable MS is set to the value of FIG. Set the start source identification value of the synchronization source registration data area of (S201).
  • the processes in steps S202 to S207 are repeated by the number of synchronization source registrations in FIG. This
  • the contents of the variables M and MS are updated to those of a higher quality source.
  • the synchronization quality (M) of the device and the corresponding synchronization source (MS) are selected ( S205 and 206).
  • the data of the current apparatus synchronization source and its current quality value are updated with the value (S208).
  • EXTOUT-P determination step S106 in Fig. 17
  • EXTOUT-S determination step S106 in Fig. 17
  • D NU is set as the initial value
  • O PMS and O SMS the EXT E RNA L OUT—P registration data area
  • EX T E The head source identification value of the RNA L OUT-S registration data area is set (S301, S401).
  • the normal setting is the same as the conventional setting.
  • the highest priority source which is the default value in EXTOUT-PZS Is set, and in either case, the output as the source of EXT IN-S is prohibited.
  • step 1 (S108 in Fig. 17), as shown in Fig. 22, when synchronizing to LINE, DNU is set to that synchronization line quality (S50) 1 and 502)).
  • LINE It is determined whether or not the synchronization has been performed with the result of the LIN EZE XTE RNA L change step (S104). If synchronized with other than LINE, skip the processing of step S502 and do not perform the processing of loop prevention measure No. 1.
  • loop prevention steps 2 and 3 (S109 in Fig. 17), first, as shown in Fig. 23, it is determined whether or not synchronization with EXTIN-P / S is performed.
  • EXTE RNA LIN If not synchronized with PZS, end this process (S109). That is, loop prevention measures 2 or 3 are not performed. Even if the slave is synchronized with EXT IN-P / S and the synchronization quality of EXT IN-S is the same as EXT IN-P, loop prevention measure 2 is not performed (S601) ⁇ 603). This means that loop prevention measure 3 itself was implemented.
  • the output of EXTOUT-P of the normal device determined in step S106 of FIG. 17 is from the STM-n line, and the quality of the STM-n line is the normal device's output. If it is the same as the synchronization quality (EXTIN-P quality), the DNU is transmitted to the STM-n line (S604 to 606).
  • the output of EXTOUT-S of the normal device determined in step S107 of Fig. 17 is also from the STM-n line, and the quality of the STM-n line is the same as that of the normal device. If the synchronization quality (EXTIN-P quality) is the same, the DNU is sent to the STM-n line (S607-609).
  • step S110 the hardware for executing the contents of the determination in the above-described steps is set.
  • the synchronization source switching switch is set.
  • the new status is notified to the administrator or the like via the report communication process (FIG. 16) or the like (S111).
  • a normal z-slave setting is provided in a synchronization device, and the slave device detects the synchronization quality of the normal device, so that it can be used simply in the event of a failure recovery which has conventionally been a problem. It is possible to provide a synchronization device and a synchronization system that enable re-synchronization to one clock, and as a result, achieve both loop prevention and synchronization with a single reference clock.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de synchronisation, capable d'empêcher la production d'une boucle synchrone entre des dispositifs émetteurs d'une hiérarchie numérique synchrone (SDH) comprenant un réseau optique synchrone (SONET), lesquels sont dans tous les cas synchronisés au moyen d'une fréquence de référence, et elle concerne également un procédé de synchronisation. Ce dispositif comprend des moyens de synchronisation, des moyens d'entrée/sortie de ligne, destinés à l'entrée/sortie de signaux de synchronisation sur une ligne, des moyens de sortie extérieurs, destinés à sortir, vers l'extérieur, le signal de synchronisation entré dans les moyens d'entrée/sortie de la ligne, des moyens d'entrée extérieurs dans lesquels le signal de synchronisation extérieur est entré, ainsi que des moyens d'entrée d'opposition dans lesquels est entré un signal de synchronisation d'un dispositif opposé. Les moyens de synchronisation produisent le signal de synchronisation extérieur des moyens d'entrée extérieurs, en direction de la ligne, à travers les moyens d'entrée/sortie de la ligne, lorsque la qualité du signal de synchronisation extérieur des moyens d'entrée extérieurs est identique à celle du signal de synchronisation d'entrée des moyens d'entrée/sortie de la ligne, et à celle du signal de synchronisation des moyens d'entrée d'opposition.
PCT/JP1999/005715 1999-10-15 1999-10-15 Dispositif et procede de synchronisation WO2001028144A1 (fr)

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US9011532B2 (en) 2009-06-26 2015-04-21 Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Accommodating intraocular lenses
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US9271830B2 (en) 2002-12-05 2016-03-01 Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Accommodating intraocular lens and method of manufacture thereof
US9504560B2 (en) 2002-01-14 2016-11-29 Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Accommodating intraocular lens with outer support structure
US9603703B2 (en) 2009-08-03 2017-03-28 Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Intraocular lens and methods for providing accommodative vision
US9636213B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2017-05-02 Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Deformable intraocular lenses and lens systems
US9814570B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2017-11-14 Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Ophthalmic lens combinations
US9968441B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2018-05-15 Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc. Intraocular lens having a haptic that includes a cap
US9987125B2 (en) 2012-05-02 2018-06-05 Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc. Intraocular lens with shape changing capability to provide enhanced accomodation and visual acuity
US11707354B2 (en) 2017-09-11 2023-07-25 Amo Groningen B.V. Methods and apparatuses to increase intraocular lenses positional stability

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US9504560B2 (en) 2002-01-14 2016-11-29 Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Accommodating intraocular lens with outer support structure
US10206773B2 (en) 2002-12-05 2019-02-19 Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc. Accommodating intraocular lens and method of manufacture thereof
US9271830B2 (en) 2002-12-05 2016-03-01 Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Accommodating intraocular lens and method of manufacture thereof
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