WO2001025496A1 - Agglomerats contenant du carbone - Google Patents
Agglomerats contenant du carbone Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001025496A1 WO2001025496A1 PCT/NO2000/000315 NO0000315W WO0125496A1 WO 2001025496 A1 WO2001025496 A1 WO 2001025496A1 NO 0000315 W NO0000315 W NO 0000315W WO 0125496 A1 WO0125496 A1 WO 0125496A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- binder
- coal
- containing agglomerates
- agglomerates according
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5264—Manufacture of alloyed steels including ferro-alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
- C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
- C22B1/245—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to carbon-containing agglomerates for the use as reduction material in electric smelting furnaces for the production of metals and alloys, more particularly for the use in electric smelting furnaces for the production of pig iron, ferro alloys and silicon.
- the reduction materials react with a gas phase, that is, carbon in the form of coke, coal or charcoal reacts with an oxidizing gas such as oxygen, carbonmonoxide or silicon monoxide.
- a gas phase that is, carbon in the form of coke, coal or charcoal reacts with an oxidizing gas such as oxygen, carbonmonoxide or silicon monoxide.
- Lumpy carbon materials are in these processes consumed from the outside and releases continuously new unreacted surface.
- the carbon containing reduction materials have to be crushed into a fine particulate material whereafter the fine particulate carbon materials are subjected to cleaning processes to achieve a desired purity.
- Mineral impurities can for instance be removed from coal by crushing the coal and separation of minerals from the coal by flotation.
- the carbon-containing material exists in fine particular forms, such as for instance carbon black.
- fine particulate coal, coke and char coal as it is usual to remove these fines from the lumpy materials by sieving before the lumping material are used as reduction materials. Fines of coal and coke thus represent both an economic loss and a storage problem for producers of metals and alloys. Fine particulate reduction materials are normally not suited for supply to reactors and smelting furnaces where they are to react with a gas.
- Typical problems that occur when fine particular reduction materials are added in such processes are that the charge in the reactor becomes too dense, thus not allowing the gas to pass through the reactor charge. Further, a part of the fine particulate reduction material is lost from the reactor with the off-gases.
- agglomerate fine particulate reduction materials before they are added to the reactor or to the smelting furnace. This is usually done by agglomerating the fine particulate reduction material by adding a suitable binder. It has, however, been found that such agglomerates have a low reactivity and are thus not well suited as reduction material for the production of pig iron, ferro alloys and silicon. It is assumed that the reason for the low reactivity for such agglomerates is that the agglomerators are to dense whereby the reaction gas will diffuse too slowly into the agglomerates.
- SiO-gas is formed as an intermediate compound when quartz is being reduced. More than 80 % of the energy supplied in the production of silicon and ferrosilicon is used to produce SiO-gas. It is therefore of vital importance that this chemical compound is conserved in the process. This is done by supply of carbon that forms or has a porous structure into which the SiO-gas can diffuse and react. The chemical reaction that occurs is:
- Examples of pure carbon containing reduction materials are petrol coke and carbon black. These materials do, however, have properties which make them unsuitable as reduction materials due to the fact that they are not able to react quickly with the SiO gas and thus conserve this in the process. Particularly, for production of silicon it is a wish to be able to use petrol coke and carbon black as reduction materials as these carbon materials have a very low content of impurities and thus can be used for production of high purity silicon.
- the present invention thus relates to carbon containing agglomerates for use as a reduction material in production of metals and alloys, which agglomerates are characterized in that they comprise a binder and 10 to 80 % by weight of one or more fine particulate carbon materials dispersed in a carbon-containing material which has or which forms pores during heating.
- the agglomerates contain one or more fine particulate carbon materials selected among the group of petrol coke, char coal, carbon black and coal.
- the agglomerates preferably comprise between 25 and 70 % by weight of fine particulate carbon material.
- the carbon-containing material which has or forms pores during heating is preferably a baking coal with a free swelling index of more than 4, pitch, tar or biomass.
- the free swelling index for coal varies between 0 and 10 according to the ASTM standard.
- biomass it can be used a biomass having a fibre length which is adjusted to the size of the agglomerates and which preferably are pretreated by cutting or crushing or which is in the form of a waste material having a suitable fibre length, such as sawdust.
- Biomass treated with water vapour under high pressure has been found to be particularly suited as a porous carbon- containing material for dispersion of the fine particulate carbon materials.
- binder As a binder it can be used binders or combinations of binders which give sufficient strength to the agglomerates at low temperatures in order to transport the agglomerates without producing to much fines and which gives the agglomerates sufficient strength at high temperature to avoid desintegration when the agglomerates are supplied to a smelting furnace.
- binders it can be used thermosetting resins, lignin or similar binders which give a good strength at low temperatures and which forms a binder phase of carbon when heated to provide a good strength at high temperatures.
- binders that can be used are carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) which gives a good strength at low temperatures, but has a low coke value that gives a relative low strength at high temperature. CMC is therefore preferably combined with other binders that give the agglomerates an increased strength at high temperatures.
- CMC carboxy methyl cellulose
- Examples of such binders are baking coals, tar, pitch and bituminous compounds obtained from distillation of oil. Baking coal, tar and pitch can thus be used both as carbon-containing porous material for dispersion of the fine particulate carbon materials and as a binder in the agglomerates.
- binders that can be used are water glass or starch together with a high temperature binder such as baking coal, tar, pitch or bituminous compounds from distillation of oil. It has surprisingly been found that the agglomerates according to the present invention have a very high reactivity. While lumpy petrol coke shows a very low SiO reactivity, agglomerates according to the invention where the carbon material is fine particulate petrol coke dispersed in a carbon-containing material that has or forms pores during heating, have a SiO reactivity which is at least as good as the best available lumpy carbon reduction material.
- the main reason for the very high SiO reactivity for the agglomerates according to the invention is due to the fact that the fine particulate carbon particles are dispersed in the carbon-containing material that has or forms pores during heating, whereby a very high surface area is available for the reaction gases.
- a reaction chamber was filled with lumpy petrol coke having a particle size between 4 and 6.35 mm and the SiO reactivity for the petrol coke was measured.
- SiO reactivity was measured by means of a standardized method where a gas mixture consisting of 13.5 % SiO, 4.5 % CO the remainder being argon, at a temperature of about 1650°C is passed through a bed of the material to be tested. When the gas mixture comes into contact with the carbon material in the bed, more or less SiO(g) will react with the carbon to form SiC and CO- gas. The content of CO in the gas mixture which has passed through the carbon materials in the bed is analyzed and the amount of SiO which has reacted with carbon for the formation of SiC is calculated.
- agglomerate consisting of 67 % fine particulate petrol coke and 33 % biomass and with lignin as a binder.
- the agglomerate had a particle size between 4 and 6.35 mm.
- the agglomerates were filled into the reactor in the same amount as in example 1 and the SiO reactivity was measured. When the off-gas analysis showed that all carbon in the agglomerates was reacted to silicon carbide, 4700 ml SiO had reacted with the carbon to form silicon carbide while 500 ml SiO gas had passed through the reactor without reducing.
- agglomerates according to the present invention by mixing 40 % by weight fines from char coal and 60 % by weight biomass and adding lignin as a binder.
- the agglomerates were supplied to the reactor in such an amount that the amount of carbon in the reactor was the same as in example 3.
- the SiO reactivity was thereafter measured. When all carbon in the agglomerates had reacted to silicon carbide, 2700 ml SiO gas had reacted with the carbon to silicon carbide while 280 ml SiO gas had passed through the reactor without reacting.
- Lumpy coal was heated in inert atmosphere at 1200°C for formation of coke.
- the produced coke was placed in the reaction chamber in the same way as described in example 1.
- agglomerates according to the invention by mixing 40 % by weight of fines from the coal used in example 5 with 60 % by weight of biomass and with lignin as binder.
- the agglomerates were supplied to the reactor in an amount providing the same amount of carbon as in example 5, whereafter the SiO reactivity was measured. When all carbon in the agglomerates had reacted to silicon carbide, 5600 ml SiO had reacted with o
- agglomerates consisting of 50 % fine particulate petrol coke and 50 % Longyear coal from Spitsbergen having a free swelling index between 8 and 9 and a particle size of less than 1 mm. 3 % by weight of water glass was added as a binder. The mixture was agglomerated and heated to 1200°C in an inert atmosphere. The agglomerates were supplied to the reactor in the same amount as in example 1 and the SiO reactivity was measured. When the off-gas analysis showed that all carbon in the agglomerates had reacted to silicon carbide, 1200 ml SiO gas has passed the reactor without reacting. By comparing with example 1 this example shows that the reactivity of petrol coke increases substantially by using baking coal as a porous forming medium for petrol coke.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU74610/00A AU7461000A (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2000-09-27 | Carbon-containing agglomerates |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO19994783A NO313511B1 (no) | 1999-10-01 | 1999-10-01 | Karbonholdige agglomerater |
NO19994783 | 1999-10-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001025496A1 true WO2001025496A1 (fr) | 2001-04-12 |
Family
ID=19903828
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NO2000/000315 WO2001025496A1 (fr) | 1999-10-01 | 2000-09-27 | Agglomerats contenant du carbone |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU7461000A (fr) |
NO (1) | NO313511B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001025496A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7569716B2 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2009-08-04 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method of selecting silicon having improved performance |
CN107177732A (zh) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-19 | 安徽工业大学 | 一种用生物质作为粘接载体制备高强度含铁团块及气铁联产方法 |
RU2710622C1 (ru) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-12-30 | ООО "Амком Технологии" | Брикет для металлургического производства |
NL2030140B1 (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-27 | Petrus Greyling Frederik | Ferroalloy smelting process |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO20200903A1 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-02-15 | Abadjom Consulting As | Bio-coal produced from stable infeed like wood pellets |
NO346974B1 (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2023-03-20 | Procarbon Bio Ab | Charcoal products made with cardanol |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU901314A2 (ru) * | 1979-12-29 | 1982-01-30 | Московский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Стали И Сплавов | Способ брикетировани кварцсодержащих материалов |
DE3320660A1 (de) * | 1983-06-08 | 1984-12-13 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochreinem silicium durch quarzreduktion im lichtbogenofen |
JPS6134096A (ja) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-02-18 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 固形燃料 |
US5002733A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1991-03-26 | American Alloys, Inc. | Silicon alloys containing calcium and method of making same |
DE3227395C2 (fr) * | 1981-07-23 | 1991-05-23 | Gewerkschaft Sophia-Jacoba Steinkohlenbergwerk, 5142 Hueckelhoven, De | |
CN1089572A (zh) * | 1993-01-09 | 1994-07-20 | 吴旺河 | 硅合金高能复合炭及其制备工艺 |
-
1999
- 1999-10-01 NO NO19994783A patent/NO313511B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-09-27 AU AU74610/00A patent/AU7461000A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-27 WO PCT/NO2000/000315 patent/WO2001025496A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU901314A2 (ru) * | 1979-12-29 | 1982-01-30 | Московский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Стали И Сплавов | Способ брикетировани кварцсодержащих материалов |
DE3227395C2 (fr) * | 1981-07-23 | 1991-05-23 | Gewerkschaft Sophia-Jacoba Steinkohlenbergwerk, 5142 Hueckelhoven, De | |
DE3320660A1 (de) * | 1983-06-08 | 1984-12-13 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochreinem silicium durch quarzreduktion im lichtbogenofen |
JPS6134096A (ja) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-02-18 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 固形燃料 |
US5002733A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1991-03-26 | American Alloys, Inc. | Silicon alloys containing calcium and method of making same |
CN1089572A (zh) * | 1993-01-09 | 1994-07-20 | 吴旺河 | 硅合金高能复合炭及其制备工艺 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 198248, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1982-04099J * |
DATABASE WPI Week 198613, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1986-085962 * |
DATABASE WPI Week 199534, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1995-255521 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7569716B2 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2009-08-04 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method of selecting silicon having improved performance |
CN107177732A (zh) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-19 | 安徽工业大学 | 一种用生物质作为粘接载体制备高强度含铁团块及气铁联产方法 |
CN107177732B (zh) * | 2017-05-19 | 2019-05-17 | 安徽工业大学 | 一种用生物质作为粘接载体制备高强度含铁团块及气铁联产方法 |
RU2710622C1 (ru) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-12-30 | ООО "Амком Технологии" | Брикет для металлургического производства |
NL2030140B1 (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-27 | Petrus Greyling Frederik | Ferroalloy smelting process |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO994783D0 (no) | 1999-10-01 |
NO313511B1 (no) | 2002-10-14 |
AU7461000A (en) | 2001-05-10 |
NO994783L (no) | 2001-04-02 |
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