NO20200903A1 - Bio-coal produced from stable infeed like wood pellets - Google Patents
Bio-coal produced from stable infeed like wood pellets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO20200903A1 NO20200903A1 NO20200903A NO20200903A NO20200903A1 NO 20200903 A1 NO20200903 A1 NO 20200903A1 NO 20200903 A NO20200903 A NO 20200903A NO 20200903 A NO20200903 A NO 20200903A NO 20200903 A1 NO20200903 A1 NO 20200903A1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- bio
- particles
- wood pellets
- coal
- small
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012075 bio-oil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009870 specific binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/447—Carbonized vegetable substances, e.g. charcoal, or produced by hydrothermal carbonization of biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Description
Bio-coal produced from stable infeed like wood pellets - Description
Field and background of the invention
One of the best ways to use woody biomass for CO2 reduction is to produce bio-coal that can be used as reduction agent for metallurgic processes. This is well recognized, and a lot of projects are trying to come up with good solutions.
The type of requirements for effective use in metallurgic industries can be summarized as follows:
● High mechanical strength
● Hydrophobic with low water retention capacity
● Resistant to shock heating
● High reactivity with high Fixed C at high temperature
● Low percentage of volatiles or volatiles that can be used for other purposes ● Ash content without contamination and acceptable chemistry
● Ash percentage
If these criteria vary more than acceptable, the main metallurgic process might be negatively influenced. Hence a stable solution is needed. This might be achieved by having at all time stable infeed and stable bio-coal production process. The present invention is focused on infeed and a special use of standard processes for producing bio-coal.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is addressing the requirements from metallurgic industries to get a substitute for fossil coal. The substitute must be of consistent quality and shape to make the metallurgic processes stable and producing the same result all the time.
By using premier wood pellets or advanced pellets produced within very specific standards as infeed, the bio-coal process will more likely produce bio-coal of the right quality all the time.
The first step in production of bio-coal is to comminute the pellets to regenerate the small and homogenous particles similar to the particles before pelletizing. Thereafter the particles are pyrolyzed using one or more reactors for heating the particles to between
350°C and 550°C using slow pyrolysis. A mixer is used to add to the particles different type of bio oil and binding agents, before using agglomeration to produce the wanted size of biocoal granulates.
The benefits of the invention
Main advantages of the invention vs. the industry reference:
Stable quality of infeed by using premier wood pellets or advanced pellets that are produced according to strict standards
Infeed can more easily be stored compared to using hot particles. This will make the pellets process and the bio-coal process independent of each other.
Before any acceptance from a metallurgic facility, the suggested product must be thoroughly tested. With the present setup it is possible to some degree to make tests by buying material already on the market.
Using small and homogenous particles will usually require less energy consumption than other solutions
By using specific binding agents, bio oil and/or removal of fines, insuring optimal thermostability (less release of fines and controlled release of carbon and energy) for the specific processes
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed process model
A more detailed description of the process follows and is depicted in the flowsheet in Figure 2.
To produce high-quality bio-coal the infeed material must be of consistent high-quality and the process must also be well controlled to comply with the criteria from the metallurgic industries described above. The flow in figure 2 is a good starting point, and all equipment must comply with strict quality requirements.
Condensable gas and bio oil are salable.
The non-condensable gas must be used locally (as an energy source).
The unacceptable particles might be both too large and too small. They should be used for other production.
Fines will be a challenge due to small particles moving very quickly, might burn in the chimney or be released as fumes of carbon PM20 or lower. The standard solution for fines in bio-coal is to use binding agents this does not work properly in this case as many binding agents do not retain their properties at higher temperature. This means that bound fines often revert into fines at the higher temperatures required in the metallurgic industry Example 1 – Bio-coal production integrated with wood pellets production The two production lines are described in Figure 3.
The main synergies between wood pellets and bio-coal are:
● The most essential synergy is usage of non-condensable gas from bio-coal production for drying of wood particles
● Hot particles or wood pellets from homogenous and small particles will be used as infeed for slow pyrolysis. An alternative is to use a separate dryer for the bio-coal production.
● Waste from bio-coal production is useful for wood pellets production especially fines from raw material, after drying, and after pyrolysis and separation (dotted lines) ● The infrastructure will be less expensive than having two separate plants.
● Raw material and all in-logistics might be handled together.
● There will be large scale benefits for operation and administration by having two lines of production.
Example 2 – Bio-coal production as stand alone
The production of bio-coal should be the same.. The infeed should be the same as for the integrated solution. Figure 4 shows the process for a stand-alone solution.
The main issues with a stand-alone solution is to take care of waste and non-condensable gas. Most waste will be burnable and can be collected and transported to centrals for district heating. Non-condensable gas most be burned locally preferably supporting a boiler that may use the energy for heating or steam production.
Taking care of bio oil and condensable gas for sale is necessary to get favorable economy. Example 3 – Simplified bio-coal production
The simplest solution will be without mixer and agglomerator. The bio-coal particles will be pelletized. For the rest of the production steps for bio-coal they should be the same as for the integrated solution taking care of bio oil and condensable gas. The infeed should be the same as for the integrated solution.
Figure 5 show a flowchart of the simplified bio-coal production.
The lack of binding agents and agglomeration can limit the opportunities for the end product in metallurgic industry.
Patents investigated – Comparing to prior art
Although there are several patents available relevant for bio-coal production using different methods for slow pyrolysis, the focus on infeed from pellets based on pelletizing small and homogenous particles as infeed is not addressed.
From an industrial viewpoint, the present invention will make the bio-coal of consistent quality better than other methods. Hence, it is of interest to evaluate the possibility of patenting this process. A number of patents/patent applications have been investigated in order to evaluate the patentability of the mentioned process. The most relevant are listed in the following.
Investigated Patents
US 3,143,428, METHOSD AND APPARATUS FOR AGGLOMPERATION, 1962
Frederick E. Reiners. Agglomeration is a well-known process to make particles significant larger than the starting particles. This patent demonstrates details from food process industry. The present invention will use agglomeration.
US 2013/0211158 A1 Jimmy Romanos et al. Pub. Date: US 2013, HIGH SURFACE AREA CARBON AND PROCESS FOR ITS PRODUCTION. The patent describes how to change properties of biochar with different techniques.
The present invention will use modifications like binding agent and/or bio oil, but with small and homogenous particles through the process.
US20160053182A1, Method & Apparatus for Producing Biochar, Jerry Daniel
Ericsson Diacarbon. The patent describes a general system for pyrolysis of biomass with sensors to control the temperature and thereby make more consistent biochar. The patent has a good description of the pyrolysis process with control of temperature.
The modular design is for small plants, preferably mobile. The end-product is different than the present invention. Besides, the infeed issues are not addressed.
AU2017213848A1 Biochar aggregate particles, MALYALA, Rajashekharam.
Biochars and methods for producing biochar aggregate particles where the method for producing the aggregate particles comprise the steps of (i) producing or collecting biochar fines; (ii) adding a binding agent to the biochar fines; and (iii) forming the biochar fines and binding agent into solid particles.
Some of the steps are similar to the present invention, but the purpose is earth enhancement and the product are different by increased water retention capacity in contradiction to the present invention which strive for most hydrophobic solution. The infeed issues are not addressed.
AU2018100437A, Combination Pyrolysis and Steam Explosion of Biomass, Hill Derrick Graham. The disclosed integrated manufacturing plant produces bio-coal from biomass feedstock and bamboo cellulose fiber from bamboo feedstock. The integrated bamboo cellulose fiber manufacturing equipment utilizes unused heat energy from the bio-coal manufacturing process, maximizing thermal efficiency of the plant to cost-effectively manufacture a high quality, chemical free, bamboo cellulose fiber for use in textiles destined for the high-end fashion industry.
The patent has similar thinking to the present invention, but different purpose and solution. The infeed issue is not addressed.
Others references:
Sintef, December 2017: BioCarb+ - Enabling the biocarbon value chain for energy.
BioCarb+ run for four years (2014-2017) with a total budget of 20 million NOK, whereof 80% financed by the Research Council of Norway through the ENERGIX program and 20% financed by the industrial partners. The overall objective of BioCarb+ was to develop new strategies for use of pulpwood and energy wood resources for biocarbon (BC) production for raw material for industrial applications (reduction agent / metallurgical coke) and conversion for energy purposes.
The present invention uses the general process description from BioCarb+. The detailed quality focus and requirements for infeed are not part of BioCarb+.
Chemical Engineering Transaction, October 2016. Liang Wang et al.: CO2 Reactivity Assessment of Woody Biomass Biocarbons for Metallurgical Purposes. The focus was on finding less expensive way to assess SiO and CO2 reactivity.
Although the focus is different, the conclusion that birch will be better than spruce and birch wood better than birch forest residue are relevant to the quality of the end product.
Energy & fuels, November 2017, Maciej Olszewski: Techno-Economics of Biocarbon Production Processes under Norwegian Conditions. The article describes a complete biochar plant with financial evaluation and a model for scaling.
The process model has been useful to make a good flowchart and check out the details for equipment. The present invention has a specific focus on high quality processes and infeed to satisfy requirement from metallurgic industry. The infeed for the article is spruce.
Claims (5)
1. An apparatus for producing bio-coal from wood pellets starting with premier wood pellets or advanced wood pellets preferably from birch that have been produced from small and homogenous particles, using a comminution device to make the same type of small homogenous particles, thereafter using one or more reactors for slow pyrolysis with limited oxygen available, and after the pyrolysis use a separator to produce bio oil, condensable gas, and non-condensable gas, and thereafter for the rest of the material use a mixer to add to the particles different type of bio oil and binding agents, before using an agglomerator to produce the wanted size of bio-coal granulates.
2. A method for producing high purity bio-coal to be used as reduction agent in metallurgic industry starting with premier wood pellets or advanced wood pellets preferably from birch that have been produced from small and homogenous particles, comminuting the wood pellets to make the same type of small homogenous particles and removing fines, thereafter using one or more reactors preferably rotating screw for electric heating the particles to between 350<0>C and 550 ⁰C using slow pyrolysis , and after the pyrolysis separate out bio oil, condensable gas, and non-condensable gas, and thereafter using a mixer to add to the particles different type of bio oil and binding agents, thereafter use agglomeration to produce the wanted size of bio-coal granulates before using a sieve to return fines and to small granulates to earlier step.
3. A method according to claim 2 where the infeed is exchanged with warm or cold particles similar to the small and homogenous particles that were used for the wood pellets with the same quality control.
4. A method according to the claims above where the agglomeration is exchanged with pelletizing.
5. A method according to the claims above without bio oil and/or binding agents.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20200903A NO20200903A1 (en) | 2020-08-14 | 2020-08-14 | Bio-coal produced from stable infeed like wood pellets |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20200903A NO20200903A1 (en) | 2020-08-14 | 2020-08-14 | Bio-coal produced from stable infeed like wood pellets |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO20200903A1 true NO20200903A1 (en) | 2022-02-15 |
Family
ID=80507166
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20200903A NO20200903A1 (en) | 2020-08-14 | 2020-08-14 | Bio-coal produced from stable infeed like wood pellets |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NO (1) | NO20200903A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO313511B1 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2002-10-14 | Elkem Materials | Carbonaceous agglomerates |
| JP2006124624A (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-05-18 | Rana System:Kk | Method for producing charcoal from wood pellet as raw material |
| EP2457978A1 (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2012-05-30 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Process for pyrolysis of lignin-rich biomass, carbon-rich solid obtained and use thereof as soil amendment or adsorbent |
| WO2016093704A1 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-16 | Elkem As | Energy efficient integrated process for production of metals or alloys |
-
2020
- 2020-08-14 NO NO20200903A patent/NO20200903A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO313511B1 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2002-10-14 | Elkem Materials | Carbonaceous agglomerates |
| JP2006124624A (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-05-18 | Rana System:Kk | Method for producing charcoal from wood pellet as raw material |
| EP2457978A1 (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2012-05-30 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Process for pyrolysis of lignin-rich biomass, carbon-rich solid obtained and use thereof as soil amendment or adsorbent |
| WO2016093704A1 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-16 | Elkem As | Energy efficient integrated process for production of metals or alloys |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| A study of densified biochar as carbon source in the silicon and ferrosilicon production. R. Lorenzo et all, Energy 181 (2019) 985-996., Dated: 01.01.0001 * |
| Auger reactors for pyrolysis of biomass and wastes. Campuzano et all, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 102(2019) 372-409 , Dated: 01.01.0001 * |
| Techno-Economics of Biocarbon Production Processes under Norwegian conditions. M. Olszewski et all, Energy Fuels 13 (2017)14338-14356. , Dated: 01.01.0001 * |
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| FC2A | Withdrawal, rejection or dismissal of laid open patent application |