WO2001022801A1 - Inoculants, lits fongiques entomogenes et procede de fructification de champignons entomogenes pathogenes - Google Patents
Inoculants, lits fongiques entomogenes et procede de fructification de champignons entomogenes pathogenes Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001022801A1 WO2001022801A1 PCT/JP1999/005317 JP9905317W WO0122801A1 WO 2001022801 A1 WO2001022801 A1 WO 2001022801A1 JP 9905317 W JP9905317 W JP 9905317W WO 0122801 A1 WO0122801 A1 WO 0122801A1
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- insect
- entomopathogenic fungi
- inoculant
- fungi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/10—Mycorrhiza; Mycorrhizal associations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inoculant, an insect bed and a production method for producing fruit bodies of entomopathogenic fungi.
- the present invention relates to an inoculant, an insect bed, and a production method for easily mass-producing fruit bodies of entomopathogenic fungi such as insects.
- BACKGROUND ART Entomopathogenic fungi are used as materials for Chinese herbal medicines and high-grade foods such as cordyceps.
- it is usually expensive to collect natural products in the field, and the quality is often uneven.
- the ecology of entomopathogenic fungi is unknown, and it is difficult to obtain large quantities of fruiting bodies of uniform quality by field sampling. Therefore, artificial culture of entomopathogenic fungi has been attempted.
- entomopathogenic fungi When isolation culture is performed on an agar medium such as Sabouraud medium based on ascospores or fruiting bodies, entomopathogenic fungi usually grow in the form of hyphae. However, since the hypha has a filamentous structure, the needle is easily clogged in the injection vaccination, and the hypha is not suitable as an inoculation source for the injection vaccination.
- Conidia also called conidia also have the following problems as inoculation sources. Hyphae grown on agar medium form conidia. It is possible to use conidia as an inoculum, but it takes a lot of work to get the volume for a large inoculation. The general method for obtaining conidia is shown below.
- hyphae are grown on an agar medium in a petri dish, and conidia are formed thereon. Pour sterilized water into the Petri dish and rub the hypha with a sterilized glass rod to separate the conidia from the hypha.
- the conidia suspension obtained in this way is
- the process of adding sterile water to each petri dish, rubbing, and obtaining a conidiospore suspension must be repeated.
- 10 to 20 ml of sterilized water is used per petri dish, the number of conidia remaining in the petri dish even after rubbing is large, and there is a lot of loss as an inoculum source, and the efficiency is poor.
- the conidiospores begin to form approximately two days after inoculation of the hypha on the agar medium (under 25 ° C and 24 hours illumination).
- the germination rate of the conidia was 90% for conidia 3 days after inoculation of the mycelium, but reached 50% on the 9th day after hyphal inoculation.
- the germination rate drops sharply thereafter, and almost no germination occurs on the 15th day after hyphal inoculation.
- the colony of fungi grows concentrically, so that the one at the center becomes older conidia.
- conidia are used as an inoculum, old conidia and new conidia are mixed, and the germination rate is not uniform. It is difficult to stabilize the fruiting body formation rate. That is, it is difficult to obtain a large amount of conidia having stable properties.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and the present invention aims to mass-produce fruit bodies of entomopathogenic fungi such as cordyceps, in a simple manner, in a short period of time, at low cost. With the goal.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and found that the use of hypgurodies of entomopathogenic fungi makes it possible to easily mass-produce fruit bodies of entomopathogenic fungi. Was completed.
- the present invention is as follows.
- An inoculant for producing fruit bodies of entomopathogenic fungi which contains the entropic fungal hyfal body.
- a method for producing an inoculant for the production of fruiting bodies of entomopathogenic fungi wherein the cultivation of enthal pathogenic fungi is carried out by shaking and cultivating the hyfal body.
- the method for producing fruit bodies of the entomopathogenic fungi wherein the insect is in the form of a pupa.
- the present invention also provides the method for producing fruit bodies of the entomopathogenic fungi, wherein the entomopathogenic fungi are fungi belonging to the genus Cordyceps.
- Fig. 1 An outline of the life cycle is shown in Fig. 1. Taking Pleurotus mushroom, an entomopathogenic fungus and a kind of cordyceps, as a specific example, its life cycle is considered to be roughly as follows.
- the body of the pupae is a bundle of hyphae, and the tip of the body forms a club-shaped locust.
- ascocysts When the ascus is crushed, multiple asci appear, with filamentous spores inside. Spores are germ cells that can become new individuals by themselves in plants and fungi, and spores in asci are called ascospores.
- the ascospores are sexual spores. Ascospores jump out of the ascosils to the outside world, germinate under a predetermined favorable environment such as under fallen leaves, and form hyphae composed of a plurality of cells.
- hyphae mainly enter the body of insects in the soil, such as insects in the form of pupae, through the body surface and infect them.
- Hyphae that have been transcutaneously infected and have invaded the body of insects become hyperfalbodies that exhibit a yeast-like morphology and multiply in the body.
- the insects die, while the Hyphal podii returns to the mycelial form again, where the hyphae bundle up and out of the host's body to form fruiting bodies.
- insect pathogenic fungi is a general term for a group of eukaryotes, such as mushrooms, molds, yeasts, and slime molds, that form fruiting bodies with insects as their host, and does not include prokaryotic bacteria.
- the “bearing body” is a bundle of hyphae, and refers to a bundle that has reached a locus or a conidiophore bundle. When simply referred to as fruiting bodies, both a bundle of hyphae grown from asexual spores and a bundle of hyphae grown from sexual spores are included.
- Cordyceps sinensis refers to fungi belonging to the genus Ascomycota, karyophyte web, ergot fungi, ergot fungi, and the genus Cordyceps (Cor dyc eps), and Included in pathogenic fungi.
- hypothalamic body refers to a cell in a form that entomopathogenic fungi exhibit when they proliferate in the body of an insect.
- Hyfalbodies usually consist of a single cell, are morphologically yeast-like, and are distinct from hyphae.
- yeast-like refers to a state in which the cells grow in a single cell cylindrical shape by budding.
- blast spores The morphology of entomopathogenic fungi when they multiply in the body of an insect is sometimes referred to as blast spores, cylindrical spores, short hyphae, or segmented cells. Any form that entomopathogenic fungi exhibit when they proliferate in the body of an insect is referred to as a hyphal body.
- the insect bed is an insect body that becomes a host of the fungus and serves as a place where the fungus grows.
- an inoculant and an insect fungal bed for producing fruit bodies of a predetermined entomopathogenic fungus are provided.
- fruit bodies of entomopathogenic fungi can be easily mass-produced.
- the inoculant of the present invention is characterized in that it contains an entopathogenic fungus, Hyfalbody. Entomopathogenic fungi are as described above.
- the present invention is applicable to entomopathogenic fungi capable of forming a hyfal body, the entomopathogenic fungi used in the present invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of the genus Cordyceps and the genus Akanthomyces.
- Genus, bo Beauveria, Gibellula, Hirsutel la, Hymenostilbe, Metarhizium, Nomuraea, Paces i o ), Fungi belonging to the genus such as the genus Paraisaria araisaria), the genus Stilbella, the genus Tilachli dium, the genus Tripypocladium, and more preferably the fungi belonging to the genus Cordyceps. And particularly preferably, Corticeseps sinensis, Sana thousand bamboo (Cordyceps m_i 1 i tarjs) and the like.
- the high fal body is as described above.
- the inoculant containing the hyfal body can be obtained by shaking and culturing mycelia and Z or conidia of entomopathogenic fungi. By shaking and culturing hyphae, etc., it is possible to easily produce a large amount of hyfal body. Further, once the hyfal body is obtained, shaking culture may be performed based on the hyfal body to grow the hyfal body. As the medium used for shaking culture, a liquid medium is usually used because of easy handling.
- the medium can be appropriately prepared according to the type of insect pathogenic fungi, and preferably includes a sub-mouth medium, a potato juice medium, a silkworm pupa juice medium, and more preferably, a sub-mouth medium.
- the sub-culture medium is originally an agar medium containing agar (Sabouraud glucose agar medium), but it is usually used as a liquid medium except for agar because it is used for shaking culture when growing Hyfal body. (Note that "Sabouraud glucose agar medium” is described in "Fungibook, Kodansha, pp. 127, No. 25.")
- sucrose, yeast extract, etc. are mixed with the above liquid medium. It can also be used.
- Particularly preferred specific examples of the liquid medium include a Sabouraud sucrose liquid medium in which the sugar content of the Sabouraud medium is changed from glucose to sucrose, and a yeast extract is further added, and a yeast extract is added.
- the inoculant of the present invention may contain Hyfalbodies, for example, by diluting the liquid medium in which the Hyfalbodies are grown as described above, and appropriately adjusting the concentration of Hyfalbodies.
- the inoculant of the present invention can be used.
- a biologically acceptable solution can be used.
- the liquid medium used for growing the hyfal body as described above may be used as it is, or sterile water, insect cells, or the like.
- a liquid such as a liquid medium for culture, physiological saline, or Carlson's solution can also be used.
- the inoculant of the present invention may contain other components which may be added to the inoculant to be inoculated into the body of the insect.
- Conditions such as the temperature and the degree of shaking during liquid culture for growing hypgurodies can be appropriately adjusted according to the type of insect pathogenic fungi. Preferred conditions are as follows.
- the preferred temperature during liquid culture is 20 to 25 ° C.
- the degree of shaking may be adjusted as appropriate. For example, shaking may be performed at about 100 to 110 (reciprocating Z).
- it is preferable that shaking culture for obtaining a high falbody is performed under dark conditions.
- the conditions for shaking and culturing the Hyfal body should be the same regardless of whether the culture is started from hyphae or conidia or if the culture is started from the already obtained Hyfal body itself. Can be.
- Hyphalbodies obtained under the above conditions are consistent and uniform, leading to stable inoculant quality. Synchronization here means that the growth speeds are uniform, and because of the synchronization, a large amount of Hyfal body in the same developmental stage can be obtained.
- the dosage form of the inoculant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably a dosage form that can be directly introduced into the body of an insect, and specifically, an injection. As will be described below, injection can improve the infection rate and contribute to stable fruiting body production.
- the suspension containing Hyfalbodies cultured in a liquid medium can be prepared to an appropriate concentration and used as it is as an injection.
- the insect bed of the present invention is characterized in that a hyphal body of an entomopathogenic fungus is directly inoculated into a body and the hyphal body is retained in the body.
- Insects that form an insect bed depend on the type of entomopathogenic fungus to be inoculated. Preferable examples include a green squirrel, a locust beetle (also referred to as a mealworm), a silkworm, and a beetle, and particularly preferred are a green stalk, a beetle, and a silkworm.
- the insect bed can be selected without being limited to the combination of the original host and the entomopathogenic fungi in nature, and insects other than the original host can also be used as the insect bed.
- a pupa-shaped insect as an insect bed because it does not require bait and can be packed in high density.
- the insect bed can be either an adult or a larva, and it can be alive or dead if it is not corroded, and it is necessarily dormant. You don't have to. Further, for example, frozen pupae can be used.
- a method such as injecting the inoculant of the present invention described above as an injection into an insect can be used.
- fruiting bodies can be formed by subjecting them to appropriate conditions for fruiting body formation.
- the insect fungal bed of the present invention can be stored for one month or more by low-temperature management (about 415 ° C), depending on the inoculated entomopathogenic fungi and the type of host insect.
- the fruiting body production method of the present invention is characterized in that an insect pathogenic fungus, Hyfalbody, is inoculated into an insect body.
- an insect pathogenic fungus Hyfalbody
- the inoculant of the present invention may be used as an injection and injected into a host insect. It can be performed by such as. Inoculation into insects by injection leads to high infection rates, stable and short-term production of fruiting bodies.
- the concentration of high-Fal body in force inoculant which depends on the type of insect fungi are preferably, be 1 0 4 -1 0 7 cells Zm 1 , particularly preferably Ru 1 0 6 -1 0 7 cells Zm 1 der. Adjusting the concentration to such a range increases the infection rate, This is preferable in that the period up to entity formation is shortened. Further, setting the concentration in such a range does not cause any inconvenience in operation such as clogging of the injection needle.
- the inoculation amount of Hyfal body can be appropriately adjusted depending on the size of the insect, the concentration of the inoculant, and the like. In general, it is preferable to inoculate as much as possible the amount of Hyfal body in such an amount that the inoculant does not overflow from the insect body. The greater the amount of Hyfalbodies introduced into the body, the earlier the host insects will die, and the shorter the time to fruiting body formation will tend to be.
- Preferred types and forms of the insects to be inoculated with the Hyfal body are the same as those listed as preferable in the description of the insect bed of the present invention.
- the types of entomopathogenic fungi preferably used in the fruiting body production method of the present invention are the same as the entomopathogenic fungi listed as preferable in the inoculant of the present invention.
- insects inoculated with Hyfalbodies ie, insect bed
- appropriate environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity
- preferable conditions include, for example, the following conditions.
- the temperature for generating and growing fruiting bodies from insects inoculated with Hyfal body is preferably 20 to 25 ° C. Within this range, the period until the fruiting body is formed can be shortened. Conversely, below this range, fruiting body formation may be difficult, or fruiting body formation may take a long time.
- the insect bed is preferably kept under moisturizing conditions, specifically at a humidity of 90 to 100%. It is easy to use moss to control insect beds under such temperature and humidity conditions.
- the illuminance is preferably 50 to 3501X, and the length of the light period can be adjusted appropriately.
- Hyfal body as an inoculant is that it can be mass-produced in a short period of time.
- Hyfalbodies can be cultured in a liquid medium, they can be used immediately as injections by simply adjusting the culture solution containing Hyfalbodies to an appropriate concentration, and handling is easy. For example, the same amount of separation as when a hyphal adibody is grown and cultured once in a 500 ml flask in a 200 ml liquid medium (25 ° C, Sabouraud sucrose liquid medium with yeast extract).
- a mycelium When trying to obtain spores, a mycelium must be planted on 10 to 20 petri dishes, sterilized water must be added, and scraping must be performed to produce a suspension. Take it.
- Hyphalbodies are naturally occurring forms of entomopathogenic fungi in insects in nature. According to the present invention, insects can be killed in a short period of time by forcibly introducing them into the body of an insect after being prepared in a growth form in advance. In the field, it is believed that hyphae or conidia of cordyceps attach to the body surface of the insects and transdermally transmit and begin to proliferate. It is said that it takes about 40 days to die. However, it can be killed in 2-3 days according to the injection of Haifal body. It is thought that the short-term death of insects is caused by the high concentration of Hyfal bodied being injected directly into insect blood. The ability to greatly reduce the time between inoculation and fruiting body formation is a major advantage of Hyphalbody as an inoculation source.
- Hyfalbodies can be maintained in a liquid medium suspension at low temperatures (about 5 ° C).
- Hyfalbodies are also an easy-to-handle inoculant because they are easy to preserve.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the outline of the life cycle of entomopathogenic fungi.
- BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION examples of the present invention will be shown, and the present invention will be described in more detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
- An inoculant containing the Hyfal body of Pleurotus mushroom was prepared as follows. Sanagitake was collected from Iwakiyama, Japan (Aomori Prefecture) in July 1995, and used on agar medium at the Forestry Research Institute, Forestry Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Forest Biology, Forestry Research Institute) Department of Insect Pathology: strain number F—1 1 76-21). Hyphae are collected from the stored strain of P. osmanthus, and the mycelium is added to a liquid medium of Sabouraud sucrose containing yeast extract, and cultured for 5-7 days by a liquid shaking culture method (25 ° C, dark condition).
- Sabouraud sucrose liquid medium for adding yeast extract is obtained by adding leptone, yeast extract, and sucrose to water in the amounts shown in Table 1.
- the yeast extract used was BACTO® YEAST EXTRACT manufactured by DIFCO.
- Example 2-1 Injections containing Hyfalbodies were injected into the pupae of Gotoga to form fruiting bodies under three different temperature conditions. Specifically, it is as follows.
- Example 2-2 An inoculant containing a hyfalbody was injected into a pupa of a locust beetle, Hyphofal body, and a fruit body was formed under three kinds of temperature conditions in the same manner as in Example 2-1. Used as a high-Fal body concentration 1. 7 X 1 0 7 cells Zm 1 as inoculant, injections population which is 1 3 5 animals in total, was maintained by 45 animals under each temperature. Other conditions were the same as in Example 2-1. Table 3 shows the details up to the 47th day after inoculation. ⁇ Table 3> Results of Example 2-2
- the locust beetle belongs to the order Lepidoptera, is taxonomically different from the order of the Lepidoptera, to which Gynostria belongs, and is not naturally the host of pupae in the natural world.
- it has been clarified that fruiting bodies can be formed even using a locust beetle, which is not usually a host in the natural world.
- Example 2-3 silkworm pupae were high Fal body concentration 2.3 1 0 7 cells] 1 1 of inoculant 1 0 0/1 injection per head and moistened pupae with water sphagnum It was embedded and moisturized and maintained in a laboratory at room temperature of 25 ° C. On the shortest day 47, the formation of mature fruiting bodies was confirmed.
- the pupa of the silkworm is larger than the pupa of the insect used in Examples 2-1 and 2-2, it can be easily inoculated with a syringe such as a tuberculin syringe for humans, and the fruiting body can be easily produced. .
- Sterile sterilized syringes can be easily obtained for humans, and it is necessary to gain some experience in inoculation using the microdispenser described in Example 2-1. If it can be used, even beginners can easily inoculate. Further, it was revealed that the pupa of the silkworm was not in a diapause state, and that the method of the present invention can form a fruiting body even from an insect that is not a diapause.
- an inoculant for producing fruit bodies of entomopathogenic fungi such as Cordyceps can be easily, inexpensively, and mass-produced.
- the inoculant of the present invention can be uniform in quality, easy to handle, and can be stored.
- fruit bodies of entomopathogenic fungi such as Cordyceps can be easily, inexpensively, and efficiently mass-produced using this inoculant.
- fruiting bodies can be produced regardless of the season.
- Entomopathogenic fungi such as cordyceps are used as herbal medicines and high-end foods. Insect pathogens have also been developed for use as biological pesticides.
- the present invention is expected to contribute to the field of utilizing such entomopathogenic fungi in stably supplying a large amount of fruiting bodies of entomopathogenic fungi.
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP1999/005317 WO2001022801A1 (fr) | 1999-09-29 | 1999-09-29 | Inoculants, lits fongiques entomogenes et procede de fructification de champignons entomogenes pathogenes |
KR10-2002-7004042A KR100432281B1 (ko) | 1999-09-29 | 1999-09-29 | 접종제, 곤충균상 및 곤충병원균류의 자실체 생산방법 |
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PCT/JP1999/005317 WO2001022801A1 (fr) | 1999-09-29 | 1999-09-29 | Inoculants, lits fongiques entomogenes et procede de fructification de champignons entomogenes pathogenes |
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WO2001022801A1 true WO2001022801A1 (fr) | 2001-04-05 |
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KR101165041B1 (ko) * | 2010-03-09 | 2012-07-20 | 대한민국 | 살아 있는 누에번데기를 이용한 밀리타리스동충하초 자실체의 배양방법 |
KR102193525B1 (ko) | 2019-04-29 | 2020-12-21 | 전희경 | 필터 및 그 제조방법 |
Citations (2)
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JPH0530851A (ja) * | 1991-08-02 | 1993-02-09 | Yoshii Kingaku Kenkyusho:Kk | きのこ菌用培養液の製造方法 |
JPH0947149A (ja) * | 1995-08-03 | 1997-02-18 | Fukushima Pref Gov | 冬虫夏草の子実体人工栽培方法 |
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JPH0530851A (ja) * | 1991-08-02 | 1993-02-09 | Yoshii Kingaku Kenkyusho:Kk | きのこ菌用培養液の製造方法 |
JPH0947149A (ja) * | 1995-08-03 | 1997-02-18 | Fukushima Pref Gov | 冬虫夏草の子実体人工栽培方法 |
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