Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
  • F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
  • F16D1/064—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable
  • F16D1/068—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable involving gluing, welding or the like
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
  • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
  • B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
  • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
  • B29C65/0672—Spin welding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
  • B29C66/342—Preventing air-inclusions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
  • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
  • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
  • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
  • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]

Definitions

• the invention relates to a shaft-disc composite workpiece which is joined by friction welding, and to a method for its production.
• composite workpieces are used in numerous applications, which are composed of a shaft and an essentially rotationally symmetrical disc.
• disks are gear and clutch parts or also disk-shaped blanks that still have to be machined.
• EP 372 663 A1 discloses a method by means of which a shaft and a disk can be connected in a connection area by friction welding.
• the shaft is provided with a conical or stepped outer surface in the connection area, while the disk is connected to the connection area the conical or stepped through hole corresponding to the shaft is provided.
• This design of the connection area causes the shaft to be centered relative to the disk during the friction welding process.
• shaft-disc composite workpieces the shafts of which are hollow shafts.
• the method described in EP 372 663 A1 in which the steps or the cone in the connection area center the Shaft is used relative to the disc and in which a large area of connection between the shaft and disc is formed, however, cannot be used in particular in the case of thin-walled hollow shafts, since the wall of the hollow shaft is softened to such an extent by friction heating as to cause deformation when the disc is pressed on de r wave wall starts; by doing The method of EP 372 663 A1 therefore cannot oppose the hollow shaft of the disk in the connection area to a pressure resistance sufficient for welding, and the disk can be slid over the connection area instead of making a fixed, rigid connection to the hollow shaft.
• shaft-disk composite workpieces which are also weight-reduced, particularly in areas away from the axis, that is to say also in the area of the disk, while at the same time ensuring a high structural strength of the shaft-disk connection.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a shaft-disk composite workpiece which is reduced in weight compared to the prior art and which has a low moment of inertia with respect to the axis of rotation.
• the invention is also based on the object of proposing a method for producing such a composite workpiece.
• the shaft is then provided with a plurality of rotationally symmetrical steps in a connection area in which the disk is to be welded to the shaft, the diameter of which increases increasingly in one direction of the axis.
• the disk is provided with a through hole in the region of the axis of rotation; the through hole is designed in such a way that it has a plurality of rotationally symmetrical webs which protrude from the disk towards the axis of rotation.
• the inside diameter of the webs is selected so that each web forms a through hole, the inside diameter of which is smaller by a welding overlap than the step opposite this web in the assembled position in the connection area of the shaft.
• the disc is joined to the shaft by friction welding.
• the webs are connected to the steps and ring-shaped weld seams are created in the area of the webs, which - depending on the size of the welding overlap - are more or less conically shaped. Annular cavities are created between successive webs.
• the shaft In order to achieve the greatest possible weight saving of the composite workpiece from the shaft and the disk, it is advantageous to design the shaft as a hollow shaft (see claim 7). In order to avoid radial warping of the hollow shaft in the direction of the axis during the friction welding, especially when using a hollow shaft with a small wall thickness, the interior of the hollow shaft is provided in the connection area with a support element (see claim 8), by which deformations of the hollow shaft are prevented
• the disc is composed of a conical sheet metal plate and a support frame, the support frame having a plurality of annular support webs to which the sheet metal plate is attached (see claim 4).
• the support bars give the sheet plate stiffness, while the weight of the disc is reduced by the cavities between the support bars.
• Sheet plate and support structure can consist of different materials (see claim 6):
• the sheet plate can be made of a carbon steel that is able to withstand the highest pressure and frictional forces, while the support structure is made of a suitable lightweight material.
• the webs of the support frame are expediently connected by friction welding to the wall of the plate plate opposite them by friction welding (see claim 5).
• the cavities formed in the assembled position between the webs and the outer wall of the shaft can expediently be used to guide liquid and gaseous media; in particular, they serve for the radial (redistribution) of lubricating oil or pressure oil which is guided via oil channels in the interior of the shaft and is guided to the outer surface of the shaft at defined points in the vicinity of the disk.
• the annular cavity enables a substantial simplification in the Geometry and in the manufacture of the oil channels (see claims 3 and 1 1).
• the arrangement of the holes opposite each other reduces unbalance
• the method according to the invention permits the connection of shafts with panes made of different materials.
• it enables a safe joint Disc made of any friction weldable material with a hardened steel shaft (see claim 9).
• the disc and shaft can be finished separately and hardened as required before they are assembled into a composite workpiece
• 1 a is a view of a disc and a shaft that a shaft-disc
• Composite workpiece to be joined is a view of the friction-welded shaft-disk composite workpiece; 1 c shows a view of the friction-welded shaft-disk composite workpiece, rotated by 90 degrees around the shaft axis in relation to FIG. 1 b; FIG. 1 d shows a detailed view of the region Id marked in FIG. 1 b;
• FIG. 2a shows a view of a composite workpiece from a disk and a wall of the hollow shaft supported in the welding area by a ball;
• Fig. 2b is a detailed view of a composite workpiece from a disc and one in
• Figure 3 is a view of a composite workpiece from a disc and a hollow shaft with a rotating shaft inside the composite workpiece.
• Fig. 4 is a view of a shaft-disc composite workpiece with a built disc.
• FIG. 1 a shows a rotationally symmetrical disc 1 with a through hole 2 and a shaft 3, which are to be joined together to form a shaft-disc composite workpiece 4 shown in FIGS. 1 b and 1 c.
• the disk 1 In the area of the through hole 2, the disk 1 has two annular webs 5, 5 ′ facing the shaft 3, which enclose an annular recess 6.
• the shaft 3 has two steps 8,8 'in a connecting area 7, which are connected to the webs 5,5' of the disk 1 when the shaft 3 and the disk 1 are assembled so that the step 8 with the bar 5 and the step 8 'meets the web 5'
• the inner diameter 9 of the web 5 is smaller by a welding overlap 10 than the outer diameter 11 of the step 8, and the inner diameter 9 'of the web 5' is smaller by a welding overlap 10 'than the outer diameter of the step 8', so that shaft 3 and disk 1 radially overlap in the area of these webs 5.5 'or steps 8.8' before assembly.
• Disc 1 and shaft 3 are connected to one another by friction welding.
• the shaft 3 is set in rotation and axially displaced in the direction of the (stationary) disk 1 until the steps 8, 8 'of the shaft 3 with the webs 5.5 'come into contact with the disc 1 and thereby cause local heating of the webs 5,5' and the steps 8,8 'in the mutual contact areas.
• the webs 5,5 'and the steps 8,8' soften and deform in the vicinity of the mutual contact areas; this creates a joining zone 12 which, as shown hatched in the detailed illustration in FIG. 1d, runs obliquely to the shaft axis.
• shaft 3 and disk 1 typically consist of steel materials.
• friction welding also allows the joining of workpieces of different materials and in particular the joining of hardened joints.
• the shaft 3 and the disk 1 can be made of different materials, or the shaft 3 can be hardened in the connection area 7 before the joining.
• Figures 1 b and 1 c show the welded shaft-disc composite workpiece 4, the view of Figure 1 c compared to the view of Figure 1 b rotated by 90 degrees about the shaft axis.
• the shaft 3 is a solid shaft 1 5, which is provided with two drilled interiors 16, 16 ', inter alia for reasons of weight saving. Between the interior spaces 16, 16 'there is a separating web 17, which separates and supports the two interior spaces 1, 6.1, 6'.
• the inner space 1 6 located on the right of the separating web 1 7 is connected to the outer wall 14 of the shaft 3 via an outlet opening 1 8.
• the inner space 1 6 ′ located on the left of the separating web 1 7 ′ is connected via a connecting bore 19 to the closed annular cavity 13, which in turn is provided with an outlet opening 20 to the outer wall 14 of the shaft 3.
• the two interior spaces 1, 6, 6, 'thus form parts of two independent media channels 21, 21' overlapping in the axial direction of the shaft 3, in which, for example, pressure oil can be guided. Via these media channels 21, 21 ', different pressures can be exerted at the outlet openings 18, 20 on connection elements (not shown in FIGS. 1 b and 1 c) which are connected to the shaft 3 are connected fixedly or axially displaceable.
• the media channels 21, 21 ' can also be used for guiding or distributing any other media such as lubricating oil, compressed air, cooling media etc. along the shaft-disk composite workpiece 4. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of the media channels 21, 21 'with respect to the axis of rotation, unbalance can be reduced.
• the outlet openings 1, 8, 20 and the connecting bore 19 can - as shown in FIG. 1 a - be introduced into the shaft 3 before the shaft 3 and the disk 1 are joined. Due to the friction welding of the steps 8,8 'on the shaft 3 and the webs 5,5' on the disk 1 in the connection area 7, the annular cavity 13 is created, which together with the outlet opening 20, the connection bore 19 and the interior 1 6 ' forms the media channel 21 '.
• FIG. 2a shows a shaft-disk composite workpiece 4, which is constructed from a shaft 3 designed as a hollow shaft 22 and a disk 1.
• the outer wall 14 of the hollow shaft 22 is provided with two steps 8,8 ', by analogy to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1a, with which the webs 5,5' of the disk 1 are connected.
• the steps 8, 8 'on the hollow shaft 22 can be produced by transverse rolling, cross extrusion or by machining the hollow shaft 22.
• the wall thickness of the hollow shaft 22 is often advantageous to choose the wall thickness of the hollow shaft 22 as small as possible.
• a support element 24 is positioned in the interior 25 of the hollow shaft 22 in such a way that it lies opposite the stage 8 - and thus the weakest point of the hollow shaft 22 with respect to the friction welding process.
• the support element 24 prevents the hollow shaft 22 from bulging inward in the area of the step 8 during the friction welding and thus ensures that the friction forces required for welding the steps 8, 8 'on the shaft 3 and the webs are also achieved with thin-walled hollow shafts 22 5.5 'can be applied to the disc 1.
• FIG. 2a shows an embodiment in which the support element 24 is designed as a ball 26, which is pressed into the region 27 of the interior 25 of the hollow shaft 22 opposite the step 8 before the friction welding.
• the outer diameter 28 of the ball 26 is adapted to the inner diameter 29 of the hollow shaft 22.
• the drilled outlet openings 1 8 connect the inner region 1 6 ′ to the left of the ball 26 with the outer wall 14 of the hollow shaft 22 and thus form a media channel 21, which can be used, for example, for supplying lubricating or pressure oil to bearings or cavities that the Forms outer wall 14 of hollow shaft 22 in the area of outlet openings 18 with counterparts (not shown in FIG. 2a).
• the inner region 16 lying to the right of the ball 26 is separated by the ball 26 from the inner region 16 ′ lying to the left.
• the annular cavity 13 is part of a further media channel 21 'which, through the outlet opening 20 with the outer wall 14 of the hollow shaft 22 located on the right of the disk 1 and through the inlet opening 31 on the disk 1 with the outer area 32 of the disk located on the left of the web 5 1 is connected.
• This media channel 21 'thus brings about an axial bridging of the disc 1 in the interior of the shaft-disc composite workpiece 4.
• the support element 24 is a cylinder piece 33 with an outer diameter 34 adapted to the inner diameter 29 of the hollow shaft 22, which before friction welding into the area 27 of the interior 25 of the hollow shaft opposite the step 8 22 is pressed in in order to cover the entire friction welding area in the area of step 8, the thickness of the cylinder piece 33 corresponds approximately to the thickness of the web 5 to be joined with step 8 on the disk 1.
• the outer wall 35 of the cylinder piece 33 is provided with a circumferential annular groove 36 , into which the hollow shaft material penetrates due to the plastic deformation of the hollow shaft 22 during the friction welding process and a tight fit of the cylinder piece 33 in the interior 25 of the hollow shaft 22 after cooling ensures.
• a further weight saving can be achieved if the cylinder piece 33 is made of a lightweight material, for example aluminum.
• FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a shaft-disk composite workpiece 4, consisting of a hollow shaft 22 and a disk 1.
• a rotating inner shaft 37 is guided through the interior 25 of the hollow shaft 22, the outer diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow shaft 22, so that the inner shaft 37 can rotate in a contactless manner with respect to the hollow shaft 22.
• the disk 1 also has two webs 5.5 'in the region in which the disk 1 is connected to the steps 8.8' of the shaft 3. Between the webs 5, 5 ', the disk has an annular recess 6 through which, after the shaft 3 and the disk 1 have been welded, an annular cavity 13 is formed between the disk 1 and the outer wall 14 of the hollow shaft 22.
• the shaft-disc composite workpiece 4 has a media channel 21 'which is designed analogously to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2a and thus comprises the inlet opening 31 on the disc 1, the annular cavity 13 and the outlet opening 20 on the hollow shaft 3. If the interior 25 of the hollow shaft 22 is not required to guide an inner shaft 37, the interior 25 can also be used as a further media channel 21 through which e.g. Lubricating oil is guided or distributed along the hollow shaft 22.
• FIG. 4 finally shows a shaft-disc composite workpiece 4 comprising a shaft 3 and a disc 1, the disc 1 ′ shown here consisting of a conical plate plate 38 and a support frame 39.
• the support frame 39 comprises a rotationally symmetrical disk-shaped plate 40, from which a plurality of annular support webs 41 project approximately in the axial direction and are connected by friction welding to the rear wall 42 of the plate plate 38 opposite them.
• the support webs 41 create annular cavities 43 between the rear wall 42 of the sheet metal plate 38 and the plate 40 of the support frame 39, which save considerable weight and reduce the mass moment of inertia of the disk 1 'shown here compared to the disks 1 made of solid material shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 represent.
• the plate plate 38 consists of a high-strength material that is insensitive to abrasive forces, for example carbon steel.
• connection between shaft 3 and disk 1 is formed by the connection of two webs 5,5 'with two steps 8,8', so that between the webs 5,5 'and steps 8,8' a single annular one Cavity 13 arises, in general the shaft 3 and the disk 1 in the connection area 7 can also have further web-step connections. This creates further annular cavities 13, which lie between the disc 1 and the outer wall of the shaft 3.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=7915980

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (12)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (20)

• 1999
  • 1999-07-24 DE DE19934855A patent/DE19934855C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2000
  • 2000-06-17 WO PCT/EP2000/005587 patent/WO2001007200A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2000-06-17 US US10/031,748 patent/US6660407B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-06-17 ES ES00942092T patent/ES2219355T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-06-17 EP EP00942092A patent/EP1198323B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-06-17 JP JP2001512063A patent/JP2003505249A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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