WO2000065758A1 - Dispositif de station de base et procede de suppression de courant de pointe - Google Patents
Dispositif de station de base et procede de suppression de courant de pointe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000065758A1 WO2000065758A1 PCT/JP2000/002498 JP0002498W WO0065758A1 WO 2000065758 A1 WO2000065758 A1 WO 2000065758A1 JP 0002498 W JP0002498 W JP 0002498W WO 0065758 A1 WO0065758 A1 WO 0065758A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- correction
- signal
- value
- filter
- envelope
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
- H03G3/20—Automatic control
- H03G3/30—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
- H03G3/3036—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices in high-frequency amplifiers or in frequency-changers
- H03G3/3042—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices in high-frequency amplifiers or in frequency-changers in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2614—Peak power aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
- H04L5/023—Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals
- H04L5/026—Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals using code division
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
- H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
- H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
- H04B2201/70706—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation with means for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a base station device and a peak power suppression method for a cellular system such as a mobile phone and a mobile phone.
- the CDMA (code division multiple access) method which is one of the multiple access systems, transmits a signal spread over a wide band by multiplying modulated information data by a spreading code at the transmission side,
- the received signal is multiplied by the same spreading code as that of the transmitting side at the same timing as that of the transmitting side to perform despreading and demodulate the information. Since the same frequency band can be used simultaneously by each user in the CDMA system, it is possible to increase the channel capacity, and it is receiving attention in cellular systems.
- the base station since the same frequency band is used simultaneously by each user, the base station multiplexes and transmits multiple signals, and the transmission amplitude at the peak is much higher than the average amplitude. There is a problem that can be solved. In order not to distort the transmission signal even at the peak, an amplifier with a large operating linear region must be used, which requires a high-potential power supply, which leads to an increase in the size of the device.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional base station.
- QPSK modulation is used for primary modulation will be described as an example. It is assumed that the base station is currently performing wireless communication with three users (A to C).
- modulation section 1 performs QPSK modulation on transmission signal A to be transmitted to user A, and outputs the in-phase and quadrature components of the modulated signal to spreading section 4.
- modulation section 2 performs QPSK modulation on transmission signal B to be transmitted to user B, and outputs the in-phase and quadrature components of the modulated signal to spreading section 5.
- Modulating section 3 performs QPSK modulation on transmission signal C to be transmitted to user C, and outputs the in-phase and quadrature components of the modulated signal to spreading section 6.
- Spreading section 4 performs spreading processing for multiplying QPSK-modulated transmission signal A by a unique spreading code, and outputs the spread signal to multiplexing section 7.
- spreading section 5 performs spreading processing for multiplying QPSK-modulated transmission signal B by a unique spreading code, and outputs the spread signal to multiplexing section 7.
- Spreading section 6 performs a spreading process of multiplying QPSK-modulated transmission signal C by a unique spreading code, and outputs the spread signal to multiplexing section 7.
- the multiplexing unit 7 divides the spread signals output from the spreading units 4 to 6 into an in-phase component and a quadrature component and adds them, and outputs the in-phase component signal to the interpolation unit 8 and the delay unit 13 to output the quadrature component signal. Is output to the interpolation unit 9 and the delay unit 14.
- Interpolators 8 and 9 increase the sampling rate by M (M is a natural number) times and perform zero interpolation to insert zero at sampling points where there is no signal.
- the filter 10 applies a band limitation to the interpolated signal output from the interpolation unit 8 using a filter coefficient preset in the filter coefficient memory 12, and converts the signal after the band limitation.
- the filter 11 applies a band limitation to the interpolated signal output from the interpolation unit 9 using a filter coefficient preset in the filter coefficient memory 12, and converts the signal after the band limitation.
- Amplitude controller 1 4 Output to
- the amplitude control unit 13 measures the amplitude value of the signal band-limited at the filter 10 and, if the measured value is larger than a predetermined allowable amplitude value, the in-phase component of the transmission signal in the attenuation unit 17 is measured. Controls the amount of attenuation.
- the amplitude control unit 14 measures the amplitude value of the signal band-limited by the filter 11 and, if the measured value is larger than a predetermined allowable amplitude value, the transmission signal of the attenuation unit 18 Controls the amount of orthogonal component attenuation.
- the delay unit 15 is used for the in-phase component output from the multiplexing unit 7 for a time equal to the time required for a series of attenuation calculation processes performed by the interpolation unit 8, the filter 10 and the amplitude control unit 13.
- the signal is delayed and output to the attenuator 17.
- the delay unit 16 outputs the quadrature component output from the multiplexing unit 7 for a time equal to the time required for a series of attenuation calculation processes performed by the interpolation unit 9, the filter 11, and the amplitude control unit 14. Is delayed and output to the attenuator 18.
- the attenuator 17 attenuates the amplitude of the in-phase component of the transmission signal based on the control of the amplitude controller 13.
- the attenuation unit 18 attenuates the amplitude of the orthogonal component of the transmission signal based on the control of the amplitude control unit 14.
- the interpolators 19 and 20 increase the sampling rate by M (M is a natural number) times and perform zero interpolation to insert zero at sampling points where there is no signal.
- the filter 21 applies band limitation to the interpolated signal output from the interpolation unit 19 using a filter coefficient preset in the filter coefficient memory 12, and converts the signal after the band limitation into a DZA conversion unit. Output to 2 and 3.
- the filter 22 applies a band limitation to the interpolated signal output from the interpolation unit 20 using the filter coefficient preset in the filter coefficient memory 12, Is output to the DZA converter 24.
- the conversion unit 23 converts the digital in-phase transmission signal output from the filter 21 into an analog signal.
- 07 eight conversion part 24, Phil Yu 22 Convert the digital quadrature component transmission signal output from 2 to an analog signal.
- the conventional base station measures the amplitude value of the signal whose band is limited by the filter operation, and if the measured value is larger than the preset allowable amplitude value, controls the attenuation of the transmission signal. This suppresses the peak transmission amplitude.
- the filter operation requires a long tap length to eliminate deterioration in the passband and obtain a very large suppression characteristic in the stopband.
- the above-mentioned conventional base station requires two filter operation circuits per component. For example, in the case of QPSK modulation, four filter operation circuits are required.
- the above-mentioned conventional base station has to increase the number of filter operation circuits in order to suppress the transmission amplitude at the peak time, and there is a problem that the circuit scale increases and power consumption increases. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a base station apparatus and a peak power suppressing method capable of suppressing a transmission amplitude at a peak without increasing the number of filtering circuits.
- This object is achieved by calculating a correction coefficient when the amplitude of the transmission signal exceeds the allowable amplitude value, and subtracting a correction value obtained by multiplying the correction coefficient by a filter coefficient from the transmission signal after the filter operation.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a conventional base station
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a base station according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a signal point arrangement for explaining a correction coefficient calculation process of the base station according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- Figures, and FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a base station according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the base station according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- modulation section 101 performs QPSK modulation on transmission signal A to be transmitted to user A, and outputs an in-phase component and a quadrature component of the modulated signal to spreading section 104.
- modulation section 102 performs QPSK modulation on transmission signal B to be transmitted to user B, and outputs the in-phase and quadrature components of the modulated signal to spreading section 105.
- Modulating section 103 performs QPSK modulation on transmission signal C to be transmitted to user C, and outputs the in-phase and quadrature components of the modulated signal to spreading section 106.
- Spreading section 104 performs spreading processing of multiplying QPSK-modulated transmission signal A by a unique spreading code, and outputs the spread signal to multiplexing section 107.
- spreading section 105 performs spreading processing for multiplying QPSK-modulated transmission signal B by a unique spreading code, and outputs the spread signal to multiplexing section 107.
- Spreading section 106 performs spreading processing for multiplying QPSK-modulated transmission signal C by a unique spreading code, and outputs the spread signal to multiplexing section 107.
- the multiplexing unit 107 divides the spread signal output from the spreading units 104 to 106 into an in-phase component and a quadrature component and adds them, and outputs a signal of the in-phase component to the interpolation unit 108.
- the signal of the intersecting component is output to the interpolation unit 109.
- the interpolation units 108 and 109 each set the sampling rate to M (M is a natural number) Perform zero interpolation to insert zero at sampling points where there is no signal. For example, if the sampling rate is increased by a factor of four, the interpolation units 108 and 109 insert three zeros between the original sampling points.
- the filter 110 applies a band limitation to the interpolated signal output from the interpolation unit 108 using the filter coefficient preset in the filter coefficient memory 112, and performs the band limitation after the band limitation.
- the signal is output to the envelope calculation unit 113, the correction coefficient calculation unit 114, and the delay unit 117.
- the filter 111 applies a band limitation to the interpolated signal output from the interpolation unit 109 using the filter coefficient preset in the filter coefficient memory 112.
- the band-limited signal is output to the envelope calculation unit 113, the correction coefficient calculation unit 114, and the delay unit 118.
- the envelope calculation unit 113 calculates the amplitude of the transmission signal, which is the square root of the sum of the square of the in-phase component output from the filter 110 and the square of the quadrature component output from the filter 111. And outputs it to the correction coefficient calculation section 114.
- the locus of the calculated amplitude of the transmission signal is the envelope.
- the correction coefficient calculator 1 14 compares the amplitude of the transmission signal calculated by the envelope calculator 1 13 with the preset allowable amplitude value, and determines that the amplitude of the transmission signal is equal to the allowable amplitude value. If the number exceeds the threshold value, a correction coefficient described later is calculated and output to the multipliers 115 and 116. Further, when the amplitude of the transmission signal does not exceed the allowable amplitude value, correction coefficient calculation section 114 outputs zero as a correction coefficient to multiplication sections 1 15 and 1 16.
- the multiplication unit 1 15 multiplies the correction coefficient output from the correction coefficient calculation unit 1 14 by the filter coefficient set in the filter coefficient memory 1 12 to obtain a correction value of an in-phase component described later.
- the calculated value is output to the subtraction unit 1 19.
- the multiplication unit 1 16 multiplies the correction coefficient output from the correction coefficient calculation unit 114 by the filter coefficient set in the filter coefficient memory 1
- the component correction value is calculated and output to the subtraction unit 120.
- the delay unit 117 is output from the filter 110 for a time equal to the time required for a series of complementary processing performed by the envelope calculation unit 113, the correction coefficient calculation unit 114, and the multiplication unit 115.
- the signal after the band limitation is delayed and output to the subtraction unit 119.
- the delay unit 118 fills the filter with a time equal to the time required for a series of complementary processing performed by the envelope calculation unit 113, the correction coefficient calculation unit 114, and the multiplication unit 116. , And outputs the delayed signal to the subtraction unit 120.
- the subtraction section 119 subtracts the correction value calculated by the multiplication section 115 from the output signal of the delay section 117 to reduce the amplitude of the transmission signal.
- subtracting section 120 subtracts the correction value calculated by multiplying section 116 from the output signal of delay section 118 to reduce the amplitude of the transmission signal.
- the DZA conversion unit 121 converts the digital in-phase component transmission signal output from the subtraction unit 119 into an analog signal.
- the eight-to-eight conversion unit 122 converts the digital orthogonal component transmission signal output from the subtraction unit 120 into an analog signal.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a double-over-sampling filter, so that only one signal is inserted between each input signal.
- the sum of the input signal d and the inserted signal y is the fill output, and the trajectory connecting the fill output indicated by the solid line is the uncorrected envelope.
- the envelope exceeds the allowable amplitude value represented by the radius r at y (k + 1) between d (n + 1) and d (n + 2). Therefore, the base station corrects the input signal d so that y (k + 1) becomes y ′ (k + 1).
- the correction coefficient calculation unit 114 first calculates the input signals d (n + 1) and d (n
- the correction coefficient calculation unit 114 selects the input signal d (n + 1) as a correction target.
- the correction coefficient calculating unit 114 corrects the selected input signal d (n + 1) to d ′ (n + 1) so that the envelope does not exceed the allowable amplitude value by the following procedure. Calculate the correction factor.
- the correction coefficient calculation unit 1 14 converts the envelope y e (k + 1) from the envelope calculation unit 1 13 and the in-phase component di (n + 1) of d (n + 1) from the filter 1 10 to d (n +
- the quadrature component d q (n + 1) of 1) is input from the filter 1 1 1 respectively, and the in-phase component di '(n + 1) of d' (n + 1) is calculated by the following equation (2).
- the orthogonal component d q '(n + 1) of' (n + 1) is calculated by the following equation (3).
- the correction coefficient calculating section 114 outputs (n + 1) to the multiplying section 115, and outputs q (n + 1) to the multiplying section 116. Note that the envelope after the correction is indicated by a broken line in FIG.
- the multiplication unit 1 15 sets the filter coefficient memory 1 1 2 to 1) input from the correction coefficient calculation unit 1 14 as shown in the following equation (6).
- the in-phase component correction value Ai (k + 1) is calculated by multiplying each of the obtained filter coefficients h (j) (j is an integer and 0 ⁇ j ⁇ J) and performing ⁇ operation.
- the multiplication unit 1 16 sets (5 q (n + 1)) input from the correction coefficient calculation unit 1 14 to the filter coefficient memory 1 12 By multiplying each filter coefficient h (j) and performing ⁇ operation, a correction value A q (k + 1) of the in-phase component is calculated.
- the multiplication unit 1 15 outputs A ⁇ k + l) to the subtraction unit 1 19. Further, the multiplication unit 1 16 outputs Ai (k + 1) to the subtraction unit 1 20. Then, the subtraction unit 1 19 and the subtraction unit 120 subtract the correction value from the filter output, thereby correcting y (k + 1) to y ′ (k + 1).
- the transmission signal for each user is modulated by modulators 101 to 103, respectively, is subjected to spreading processing by spreading units 104 to 106, and is then multiplexed by multiplexing unit 107. .
- the band is limited in the filter 110 based on the filter coefficient.
- the orthogonal component of the multiplexed transmission signal zero is inserted into a portion where there is no signal in the interpolation section 109, and the band is limited in the filter 111 based on the filter coefficient.
- an envelope is calculated from the outputs of the filter 110 and the filter 111 by the envelope calculator 1 13, and the envelope and the allowable amplitude value are calculated by the correction coefficient calculator 1 14. Whether or not correction is necessary is determined based on the magnitude relation of.
- the correction coefficient calculating unit 114 calculates a correction coefficient which is a difference between the input signal and the signal after the amplitude is suppressed, In multipliers 115 and 116, the correction coefficient is multiplied by the filter coefficient to calculate a correction value.
- the in-phase component of the transmission signal band-limited by the filter 110 is delayed by passing through the delay unit 117, and then the correction value output from the multiplier 115 is subtracted by the subtractor 119. It is corrected by subtraction.
- the quadrature component of the transmission signal band-limited by the filter 1 11 is delayed by passing through the delay unit 1 18 and then corrected by the subtraction unit 1 20 from the multiplier 1 16 It is corrected by subtracting the value.
- the in-phase component and the quadrature component of the corrected transmission signal are converted into analog signals by the DZA converter 120 and the DZA converter 121, respectively.
- the correction coefficient is calculated, and the correction value obtained by multiplying the correction coefficient by the filter coefficient is calculated from the transmission signal after the filter operation.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a base station according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the base station shown in FIG. 4 employs a configuration in which multiplication units 201 and 202 and averaging units 203 and 204 are added to the base station shown in FIG.
- the correction coefficient calculation unit 114 calculates the difference between the amplitudes of the transmission signals before and after the time, The magnitude of the absolute value of the difference is compared with a preset threshold value. If the absolute value of the difference does not exceed the threshold value, a correction coefficient for each transmission signal is calculated, and the correction coefficient of the in-phase component is multiplied by the multiplication unit. And the correction coefficient of the orthogonal component are output to the multiplication section 116 and the multiplication section 202.
- the correction coefficient calculating unit 114 calculates the correction coefficient as in the first embodiment.
- the signals are output to the multipliers 1 15 and 1 16.
- the multiplication unit 201 calculates the in-phase component correction value by multiplying the correction coefficient output from the correction coefficient calculation unit 114 by the filter coefficient set in the filter coefficient memory 112. I do.
- the multiplication unit 202 multiplies the orthogonal coefficient by multiplying the correction coefficient output from the correction coefficient calculation unit 114 by the filter coefficient set in the filter coefficient memory 112. Is calculated.
- the multipliers 115 and 201 output the calculated in-phase component correction values to the averaging unit 203. Further, the multiplication units 116 and 202 output the calculated orthogonal component correction values to the averaging unit 204.
- the averaging unit 203 averages the in-phase component correction values input from the multiplication unit 115 and the multiplication unit 201, and outputs the averaged value to the subtraction unit 119.
- the averaging unit 204 The correction values of the orthogonal components input from the calculation unit 116 and the multiplication unit 202 are averaged and output to the subtraction unit 120.
- the correction coefficient is calculated for each transmission signal, and the transmission amplitude at the peak is suppressed based on the calculated correction coefficient. By doing so, it is possible to more accurately suppress the transmission amplitude at the peak than in Embodiment 1.
- the transmission amplitude at the peak can be suppressed without increasing the number of filter operation circuits.
- Signals can be transmitted without distortion by an amplifier with a small operating linear region without increasing the scale. Therefore, the size of the device can be reduced and the power consumption can be reduced.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
- Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20000915562 EP1091516B1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-18 | Base station device and method of suppressing peak current |
US09/720,157 US6701163B1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-18 | Base station apparatus and method for suppressing peak electric power |
DE60040513T DE60040513D1 (de) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-18 | Basisstation und verfahrung zur unterdrückung von spitzenströmen |
AU36804/00A AU3680400A (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-18 | Base station device and method of suppressing peak current |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP11605499A JP4224168B2 (ja) | 1999-04-23 | 1999-04-23 | 基地局装置及びピーク電力抑圧方法 |
JP11/116054 | 1999-04-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000065758A1 true WO2000065758A1 (fr) | 2000-11-02 |
Family
ID=14677570
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2000/002498 WO2000065758A1 (fr) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-18 | Dispositif de station de base et procede de suppression de courant de pointe |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6701163B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1091516B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4224168B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1157016C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU3680400A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60040513D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2000065758A1 (ja) |
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WO2002047287A3 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2003-03-27 | Nortel Networks Ltd | Peak power and envelope magnitude regulators and cdma transmitters featuring such regulators |
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US9172453B2 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for pre-coding frequency division duplexing system |
US9088384B2 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2015-07-21 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Pilot symbol transmission in wireless communication systems |
US8582548B2 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2013-11-12 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Frequency division multiple access schemes for wireless communication |
JP4789749B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-17 | 2011-10-12 | 富士通株式会社 | ピーク抑圧装置 |
JP5125797B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-19 | 2013-01-23 | 富士通株式会社 | 振幅抑圧装置および信号送信装置 |
JP5287305B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-04 | 2013-09-11 | 日本電気株式会社 | 無線通信システム、無線基地局、送受信方法およびプログラム |
JP2011166281A (ja) * | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-25 | Japan Radio Co Ltd | 振幅制限装置 |
WO2013074649A1 (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-23 | Marvell World Trade Ltd. | Systems and methods for reducing peak power consumption in a solid state drive controller |
JP5892073B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-15 | 2016-03-23 | アイコム株式会社 | 通信機および通信方法 |
JP7059637B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-11 | 2022-04-26 | 富士通株式会社 | 信号処理装置及び信号処理方法 |
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2000
- 2000-04-18 DE DE60040513T patent/DE60040513D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-18 EP EP20000915562 patent/EP1091516B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-18 WO PCT/JP2000/002498 patent/WO2000065758A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2000-04-18 CN CNB008005532A patent/CN1157016C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-18 US US09/720,157 patent/US6701163B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-18 AU AU36804/00A patent/AU3680400A/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60040513D1 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
EP1091516A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 |
EP1091516A4 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
CN1300487A (zh) | 2001-06-20 |
EP1091516B1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
JP2000307549A (ja) | 2000-11-02 |
AU3680400A (en) | 2000-11-10 |
JP4224168B2 (ja) | 2009-02-12 |
US6701163B1 (en) | 2004-03-02 |
CN1157016C (zh) | 2004-07-07 |
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