WO2000044167A1 - Procede et dispositif permettant d'acheminer des donnees avec un signal video de maniere a ne pas enregistrer les donnees - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif permettant d'acheminer des donnees avec un signal video de maniere a ne pas enregistrer les donnees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000044167A1
WO2000044167A1 PCT/US2000/001964 US0001964W WO0044167A1 WO 2000044167 A1 WO2000044167 A1 WO 2000044167A1 US 0001964 W US0001964 W US 0001964W WO 0044167 A1 WO0044167 A1 WO 0044167A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
video
video signal
modified
signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/001964
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English (en)
Inventor
John O. Ryan
James R. Holzgrafe
Mark A. Hollar
Original Assignee
Macrovision Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Macrovision Corporation filed Critical Macrovision Corporation
Priority to JP2000595487A priority Critical patent/JP3676679B2/ja
Priority to EP00904592A priority patent/EP1147664A4/fr
Priority to AU26323/00A priority patent/AU2632300A/en
Publication of WO2000044167A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000044167A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/167—Systems rendering the television signal unintelligible and subsequently intelligible
    • H04N7/169—Systems operating in the time domain of the television signal
    • H04N7/1693—Systems operating in the time domain of the television signal by displacing synchronisation signals relative to active picture signals or vice versa
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/167—Systems rendering the television signal unintelligible and subsequently intelligible
    • H04N7/171—Systems operating in the amplitude domain of the television signal
    • H04N7/1713—Systems operating in the amplitude domain of the television signal by modifying synchronisation signals

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to video and more specifically, to carrying data with a video signal so the data is not recorded by standard video recorders .
  • the present inventors have recognized that it is desirable to have the ability to modify video signals so they carry additional information (data) which can be received and used by a receiving device (e.g., a TV set or display device but which, for security reasons, is not recordable by standard video recorders. It is believed that this problem of video data conveyance without recordability has not been earlier recognized. For instance, the VBI (vertical blanking interval) of video signals is often used to carry (non-video) data such as closed captioning, but a standard VHS type VCR does record the VBI and also this data. However, current digital video recorders do not record the VBI, and it is believed that future digital recorders may record only, for instance, part of the amplitude of the VBI.
  • Fig. 1A shows a generic system for play of scrambled analog video.
  • Fig. IB shows the generic system of Fig. 1A with recording which demonstrates the technical problem of problematic record/play devices .
  • Fig. 1C shows a non-problematic recording system.
  • Fig. 2 shows a prior art video waveform.
  • Fig. 3 shows a modified vertical blanking interval (VBI) waveform.
  • Fig. 4 shows another modified VBI waveform.
  • Fig. 5 shows a conventional video encoder.
  • Fig. 6 shows a modified video encoder.
  • Fig. 7A shows a frequency spectrum for data placement.
  • Figs. 7B and 7C show, respectively, an encoder and decoder to carry out the Fig. 7A method.
  • Figs. 8A, 8B and 8C show sync modulation for data placement .
  • Certain video (e.g., television) systems including scrambling . systems , pass data, either in the clear or encrypted, in the vertical blanking interval of the video signal. (This data is usually not a part of the video image or necessary for the video image.)
  • video e.g., television
  • scrambling . systems pass data, either in the clear or encrypted, in the vertical blanking interval of the video signal.
  • This data is usually not a part of the video image or necessary for the video image.
  • Fig. 1A shows the desirable connection where video player or cable-TV set top box 14 scrambles its output video and provides the descrambling key while compliant display (TV set) device 18 descrambles the video for display.
  • Fig. IB As shown in related Fig. IB, without the present method, while device 14 can scramble the video, the video can still be recorded and additional copies made using multiple record/play devices (such as device 13) . Each of these copies can be played on (recorder) device 13 and viewed on display device 18. This is undesirable from the copyright holder's viewpoint and is activity which the present method discourages.
  • non-compliant (problematic) devices such as device 13 record the video and its vertical and/or horizontal blanking intervals. By recording the entire video stream including the descrambling keys designated in Fig. 1A as "scrambled analog video with data" , device 13 is problematic to the copyright holder.
  • the resulting video recording would then still be playable on a non-compliant (problematic) playback device 13 (a video recorder) and the played signal, shown in Fig. IB as "scrambled video with data" , would still be viewable on a compliant display device 18 as shown in Fig. IB.
  • this disclosure is directed to methods and apparatuses for concealing or hiding data (such as decryption or descrambling keys) in a video signal so that the hidden data is not recorded by such a problematic standard (non-compliant) video recorder. That is, only special (compliant) video receivers or recorders can extract and use the hidden data.
  • This approach is not limited to high definition television (HDTV) , as disclosed in the above-referenced co-pending application, but generally applies to situations using analog video transmission with digital video storage/recording.
  • the method (in that co-pending application) for high definition television in which an indicator of the amount of wobble (active video time shifting for scrambling) is conveyed as hidden data by shifting in a predetermined fashion a location (in time) of an edge of a sync pulse is one example of this approach.
  • the shifted sync pulse edge position represents an encoded version of the "hidden" data.
  • this approach is useful when it is desired to control use (e.g., recording or display) of the video signal upon receipt, and especially where the intent is that the control data (which is the "hidden" data) itself is not readily recordable by a problematic (non-compliant) standard video recorder.
  • Fig. 1C similar to Fig. IB
  • many types of current standard NTSC and PAL video record/play devices 12 blank the vertical and horizontal blanking intervals of a scrambled analog video signal output from a compliant video player or set top box (source) 14. This has the advantage of automatically thereby removing any associated hidden data located in the blanking interval.
  • Fig. 1C similar to Fig. IB
  • the scrambled analog video without scrambling data transmitted from the non-problematic record/play device (recorder) 12 to the display device 18 (TV set) is thereby unable to be descrambled. This is because the act of recording by device 12 removes the hidden data, which is the descrambling key. The goal of preventing recording has now been achieved.
  • Fig. 1C shows generally the intended result in accordance with this disclosure - that the "hidden" data in the scrambled analog video is not recorded, so any recording of that video results in a video signal that then cannot be descrambled, due to lack of the essential descrambling key which was not recorded. This in effect prevents unauthorized recording.
  • a problematic recording device 13 as in Fig. IB in contrast, if available, would record the hidden data and thereby pass it along to the display device 18 upon playback.
  • Suitable data hiding methods include (1) use of a high frequency carrier that is within the transmission bandwidth of the video cable but is outside the bandwidth of the recording device; and (2) phase modulation of the video signal's synchronization pulses, as described in the above-referenced copending application. Versions of all of the above methods may be applied to a chrominance signal as well as a luminance signal . For high definition television as opposed to NTSC/PAL video, the above-described use of any part of the blanking intervals to hide the data method may be inadequate since high definition video recorders have yet to be made commercially available.
  • These recorders may be newly designed to record the active picture area and also the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals; this would include any conventionally encoded data in the vertical blanking intervals.
  • These types of recorders may, for instance, record that part of the video signal (including blanking intervals) which goes from blanking (or black) level to peak white level, with some margin for overshoots.
  • the CCIR-601 standard defines an 8- bit number system for carrying a digital component video signal in which the black level is represented by level 16 of 256 possible levels (10 he ⁇ ) and white is represented by level 235 (EBhex) •
  • levels from 1 to 254 (01 hex to FE hex ) are considered legal while levels 0 and 255 (00 hex and FF hex ) are reserved for the transmission of synchronization words.
  • FIG. 2 An analog representation of such a conventional (prior art) high definition video signal waveform is shown in Fig. 2 with the associated voltage levels indicated both as voltages (right margin) and as digital values (left margin) .
  • Fig. 2 shows one video line (with no actual picture information) and the beginning of the next video line, thereby including two horizontal sync pulses.
  • One method for accomplishing the present data placement which would be operative with such standard video recorders is to locate the data signals in a part (in terms of amplitude) of the video signal which is generally reserved for the synchronization (sync) pulses, i.e., from blanking or black level down to the sync tip level. This is outside the amplitude range recorded by the above-described potential HD video recorders.
  • a PAL video signal having blanking at 0 volts has sync tip at -300 millivolts.
  • a 525 progressive, 720 progressive, 1080 interlaced or 1080 progressive analog component video signal (HDTV) conforms to the EIA-770 standard where blanking again is at 0V and the sync tips are at -300 mV as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the standard tri- level sync pulses for HDTV are shown in Fig. 2.
  • This data hiding method is operative because a corresponding digital component video signal (e.g., conforming to CCIR-601, SMPTE 274M, 293M or 296M) is only able to represent those parts of the analog video signal down to approximately -48 mV (01 hex) .
  • a corresponding digital component video signal e.g., conforming to CCIR-601, SMPTE 274M, 293M or 296M
  • this digital component video signal when converted back to analog form, it cannot create a negative going pulse of sufficient amplitude.
  • Special sequences of FF hex and 00 hex and an additional byte are often used to indicate the start of a line, field or vertical period or their end.
  • devices which convert the analog video to digital component video for internal recording or processing e.g., certain video recorders
  • recording device 12 in Fig. 1C would inherently remove any hidden data encoded below the video blanking level.
  • the data transmitted in this way is not generally available in a digital video format which would be available for manipulation by software. This inaccessibility by software considerably enhances a scrambling system.
  • FIG. 3 shows a waveform relating to that of Fig. 2 but showing multiple video lines including (upper part of figure) the vertical blanking interval of a conventional analog component video signal in accordance with the EIA-770.1 HDTV standard.
  • the lower part of Fig. 3 shows (hatching) for that same waveform possible data hiding locations in accordance with this disclosure.
  • the illustrated data hiding locations are all below blanking level and in the VBI.
  • Fig. 3 is for the luminance component of a video signal.
  • the data itself may be encoded in any convenient digital communications format consistent with the general representation shown in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 3 shows (hatched areas) possible locations in the VBI for the data packets shown in Fig. 4.
  • FIG. 3 shows (lower part) how the vertical blanking interval is used to place data (hatched areas) that would not be recorded both because it is in the VBI (or HBI) and because it is below the blanking level .
  • Some digital recorders reproduce the VBI, but none reproduce below blanking level.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example of the conventional Fig. 2 video line with data added in accordance with this disclosure and thus corresponds to one of the hatched areas in Fig. 3 with the proceeding and following sync pulses.
  • the line is in the VBI (see Fig. 3) , and an example representing an 8-bit hidden data "payload" having the value of 0001 0100 (in binary) is shown as being alterations to the usual horizontal sync pulses present in this line of the VBI.
  • the digital representation of this line includes some values at the following hex values: 10, samples ramping down to 01, the remainder of the line at 01, samples ramping up to 10, 10.
  • the analog signal levels below the digitization threshold (01 hex here) are clipped when digitized.
  • Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a conventional video encoder which may be an IC (integrated circuit) that converts Y, Cb, Cr, and sync multiplexed component video to Y, Pb, Cr component video.
  • IC integrated circuit
  • Such an encoder is used in a cable TV set top box or a video recorder.
  • these IC's have 6 digital-to-analog converters: composite (NTSC or PAL), S-Video (luminance and chrominance) and component video (Y/Pb/Pr or GBR) .
  • Fig. 5 shows a three component DAC (having digital- analog converters 40a, 40b, 40c) version.
  • the Fig. 5 digital encoder includes an illustrative input multiplexed component video bus 30 carrying the Y, Cb, Cr, and sync video components to the input port of demultiplexer and video sync generation circuit 34.
  • the resulting output component video from demultiplexer 34 is subject to sync processor 38 which adds the sync component into the Y component.
  • the resulting Y, Cb, Cr components are converted back to analog video components Y, Pb, Pr by respectively digital to analog converters 40a, 40b and 40c..
  • Fig. 6 shows a modified version of the Fig. 5 encoder with the functionality to add the encoded data as additional sync pulses in the VBI as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the Fig. 6 encoder additionally includes a timing and video sync generation circuit 44.
  • Circuit 44 includes shift registers 45a supplying serial data to the input terminal of a pulse shaping filter 45b.
  • Circuit 44 in turn is coupled to data registers (memory) 48 which receives the data to be hidden on its input port 46, for insertion into the VBI portion of the video signal.
  • the complementary decoder (installed, for instance, in a compliant display device 18 in Fig. IC) receives the modified video signal transmitted from the Fig. 6 encoder, extracts the added data signal, and separately supplies the video and the extracted data to, e.g., a descrambler, where the extracted data is used as the descrambling key.
  • Fig. 7A shows video signal frequency (horizontal axis) vs. signal amplitude (vertical axis) .
  • video transmission media such as coaxial cable has a wider bandwidth than do standard recording devices .
  • the data is converted to a format in which all of the energy is concentrated in a higher region of the spectrum (indicated in Fig. 7A as fdata) and transmitted at the high frequency band fdata to which the recorder cannot respond (record) because of its inherent data storage limitations. (Storage capacity is always a finite resource which must be conserved.) Thus, this allows for data to be presented to the recorder over the transmission media so the recorder cannot record it. As described above, this is desirable for preventing recording of certain types of hidden data.
  • a compliant video device e.g., a TV set
  • Suitable demodulator techniques are well known .
  • Fig. 7B shows such an encoder suitable for carrying out the technique of Fig. 7A.
  • This encoder typically is present in the source device, such as a set top box or video player 14 of the type in Fig. IC.
  • Incoming video which is standard video, is applied at terminal 52. Note that this encoder is typically used for each video component where the data is to be inserted. Note that typically the added data would only be applied to one component of the video. Any necessary analog to digital or digital to analog conversion is not shown but is conventional.
  • the incoming video applied at terminal 52 is coupled at node 54 to conventional sync separator 56.
  • the incoming video at node 54 is also applied to one input terminal of summer 78.
  • the horizontal and vertical separated blanking pulses (in the digital domain) from sync separator 56 are then applied to the load/shift control terminal of conventional shift register 60.
  • the incoming data (which is, e.g. a descrambling or decryption key) , and which is generated externally by any one of a number of the usual methods, is applied as a parallel multi-bit signal to input terminal 62 which is the input terminal to a buffer 64.
  • the output signal from buffer 64 is then parallel data applied to the parallel in terminal of shift register 60.
  • This input data in response to the applied horizontal and vertical blanking pulses, is output as serial out data to one input terminal of a modulator 68.
  • the other input terminal of modulator 68 is coupled to an oscillator 70, operating at frequency f ata - Modulator 68 is any suitable type of modulator, using for instance FM, AM, FSK, PSK, QPSK, etc.
  • the modulated serial data output from modulator 68 is then applied to the other input terminal of summer 78 which outputs the combined input video and the above-band data on its output terminal 80..
  • the complementary decoder which is typically present in a compliant display device (TV set) 18 of the type in Fig.
  • IC is shown in Fig. 7C.
  • the input video and data which is essentially the same signal as output on terminal 80 of the Fig. 7B encoder, is applied at the input terminal 90.
  • This video and data combined signal is then coupled to an optional low pass filter 96 and output as the output video at terminal 100.
  • the input video at terminal 90 is applied to, at node 92, the input terminal of conventional sync separator 94.
  • any needed analog to digital or digital to analog conversion is not shown but is conventional.
  • the input video is typically only one component of component video, but it is the component carrying the data.
  • the signals output from the sync separator 94 are the horizontal and vertical blanking pulses applied to the shift/load control terminal of shift register 112.
  • the input video and data signal at terminal 90 is applied to the input terminal of band pass filter 104, which outputs the filtered signal to the input terminal of demodulator 110.
  • Demodulator 110 is complementary to modulator 68 in the encoder of Fig. 7B .
  • the other input terminal of demodulator 110 is coupled to an oscillator 106 outputting signals at frequency f data which of course is predetermined to match that of the encoder.
  • the resulting serial data output from demodulator 110 is applied to the serial input terminal of shift register 112, which then outputs, in response to the control signals applied at its shift/load terminal, the output parallel data to the input terminal of buffer 118.
  • Buffer 118 then outputs the separated output data needed for, e.g., descrambling on its terminal 120.
  • the compliant device has, respectively, the video on terminal 100 and the data (descrambling key) on terminal 120 and is able conventionally to perform the descrambling by whatever algorithm is associated with the scrambling technique.
  • the chroma component e.g., Cr, Cb
  • the chroma component are baseband signals just as is the luma component. As such they can be modified or added to in the same ways as can the luma component. In particular, they contain VBI and HBI portions; while they do not normally include sync pulses as such, nothing says they could not have pulses added.
  • chrominance components could also have high frequency components added in a manner as shown in Fig. 7A.
  • Another method of conveying data in a "hidden" (non- recordable) manner is to modulate the position of the conventional sync pulse edges over time.
  • Most digital video recorders do not record the horizontal synchronization signals; instead, they extract low frequency timing information from them and regenerate and reinsert it upon playback. Creation of a phase modulated synchronization signal allows for information to be conveyed across the transmission media which is not recorded by the recording device. (This is the method of the above-referenced co-pending application of Ryan, et al . )
  • Fig. 8A shows a conventional tri- level sync pulse for HDTV, as also shown in Fig. 2.
  • the sync pulse of Fig. 8A is modified in accordance with this disclosure so that the rising edge of the modified tri -level sync pulse remains in the same nominal position, while the falling edges that precede it and follow it are modulated - advanced in time.
  • the two falling edges at the modified sync pulse are delayed in time.
  • a code system of this type can convey, using the modulated edge positions, the descrambling key to a suitable decoder to allow descrambling of the accompanying video signals, or to convey other information, using the differences between these types of sync pulses. That is, the modulated edge positions represent the descrambling key value. This is the sync edge modulation technique disclosed in the above-referenced patent application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
  • Television Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant de modifier un signal vidéo pour acheminer avec lui des données codées décelables au niveau d'un récepteur conforme (18), mais sans enregistrement par un enregistreur vidéo classique (13). Une application consiste à acheminer une clé de désembrouillage pour empêcher l'enregistrement utile (mais pas la visualisation) d'un signal de télévision embrouillé, étant donné que la clé ne sera pas enregistrée.
PCT/US2000/001964 1999-01-26 2000-01-25 Procede et dispositif permettant d'acheminer des donnees avec un signal video de maniere a ne pas enregistrer les donnees WO2000044167A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000595487A JP3676679B2 (ja) 1999-01-26 2000-01-25 データが記録されないようにビデオ信号でデータを転送するための方法及び装置
EP00904592A EP1147664A4 (fr) 1999-01-26 2000-01-25 Procede et dispositif permettant d'acheminer des donnees avec un signal video de maniere a ne pas enregistrer les donnees
AU26323/00A AU2632300A (en) 1999-01-26 2000-01-25 Method and apparatus for carrying data with a video signal so that the data is not recorded

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11727399P 1999-01-26 1999-01-26
US60/117,273 1999-01-26

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WO2000044167A1 true WO2000044167A1 (fr) 2000-07-27

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PCT/US2000/001964 WO2000044167A1 (fr) 1999-01-26 2000-01-25 Procede et dispositif permettant d'acheminer des donnees avec un signal video de maniere a ne pas enregistrer les donnees

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EP (1) EP1147664A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP3676679B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2632300A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000044167A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7784103B2 (en) * 2004-10-19 2010-08-24 Rovi Solutions Corporation Method and apparatus for storing copy protection information separately from protected content

Citations (4)

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EP0843472A1 (fr) 1996-11-19 1998-05-20 Sony Corporation Procédé de transmission d'information, procédé d'interdiction de duplication d'information, dispositif d'interdiction de duplication d'information, et moyen d'enregistrement d'information
US5778140A (en) 1992-07-28 1998-07-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Video signal processing apparatus
WO1998034401A2 (fr) 1997-02-04 1998-08-06 Macrovision Corporation Procede et appareil de modification de l'enveloppe d'un signal de porteuse h.f. pour en retirer les signaux de protection contre la copie
US6542609B1 (en) 1999-01-15 2003-04-01 Macrovision Corporation Method and apparatus for scrambling a high definition television signal

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EP0413752A4 (en) * 1988-04-29 1992-04-22 Scientific Atlanta, Inc. In-band controller

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5778140A (en) 1992-07-28 1998-07-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Video signal processing apparatus
EP0843472A1 (fr) 1996-11-19 1998-05-20 Sony Corporation Procédé de transmission d'information, procédé d'interdiction de duplication d'information, dispositif d'interdiction de duplication d'information, et moyen d'enregistrement d'information
WO1998034401A2 (fr) 1997-02-04 1998-08-06 Macrovision Corporation Procede et appareil de modification de l'enveloppe d'un signal de porteuse h.f. pour en retirer les signaux de protection contre la copie
US6542609B1 (en) 1999-01-15 2003-04-01 Macrovision Corporation Method and apparatus for scrambling a high definition television signal

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Title
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JP3676679B2 (ja) 2005-07-27
AU2632300A (en) 2000-08-07
EP1147664A4 (fr) 2003-06-25
EP1147664A1 (fr) 2001-10-24
JP2002535929A (ja) 2002-10-22

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