WO2000030720A1 - Method of operating progressive reel slot machines and device therefor - Google Patents

Method of operating progressive reel slot machines and device therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000030720A1
WO2000030720A1 PCT/US1999/027263 US9927263W WO0030720A1 WO 2000030720 A1 WO2000030720 A1 WO 2000030720A1 US 9927263 W US9927263 W US 9927263W WO 0030720 A1 WO0030720 A1 WO 0030720A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
progressive
column
return
symbols
array
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/027263
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Frank Abramopoulos
Jennifer Spano
Original Assignee
Frank Abramopoulos
Jennifer Spano
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Frank Abramopoulos, Jennifer Spano filed Critical Frank Abramopoulos
Priority to AU16280/00A priority Critical patent/AU1628000A/en
Publication of WO2000030720A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000030720A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
    • G07F17/3225—Data transfer within a gaming system, e.g. data sent between gaming machines and users
    • G07F17/3227—Configuring a gaming machine, e.g. downloading personal settings, selecting working parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06G—ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
    • G06G1/00—Hand manipulated computing devices
    • G06G1/0005—Hand manipulated computing devices characterised by a specific application
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
    • G07F17/3244—Payment aspects of a gaming system, e.g. payment schemes, setting payout ratio, bonus or consolation prizes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
    • G07F17/3244—Payment aspects of a gaming system, e.g. payment schemes, setting payout ratio, bonus or consolation prizes
    • G07F17/3258—Cumulative reward schemes, e.g. jackpots

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to the field of progressive gaming machines, and in particular to the operation of progressive reel slot machines.
  • Gaming machines and "reel” slot machines in particular, have been an important, profitable and entertaining part of the gaming industry since its inception.
  • the profitability of a gaming machine is partly determined by the "return" of the machine, which, from a casino's (or other operator's) perspective is typically fixed. Therefore, to increase profits, a commercial gaming machine operator usually must increase the amount of gaming activity (or "play") its machines attract. Operators have found that increasing the attraction of and interaction with gaming machines, as well as the entertainment value of the gaming machines, increases gaming activity. Thus, operators are continually striving, and competing with one another, to increase the attraction, interactivity and entertainment value of their gaming machines, including progressive reel slot machines.
  • Reel slot machines are distinguished from other gaming machines with coin “slots" in that reel slot machines have a number of physical (or sometimes virtual) spinning reels with symbols (e.g., diamonds, oranges, etc.).
  • Reel slot machines have a number of predetermined winning combinations which payout a certain amount when the combination appears on the "pay line”.
  • the probabilities of hitting the jackpot and the lesser-paying winning combinations are fixed.
  • the probability of hitting a lower-paying winning combination is greater than the probability of hitting a higher-paying winning combination.
  • the "expected return" to the player of a reel slot machine having a predetermined jackpot amount is fixed.
  • the jackpot of a progressive reel slot machine increases with the amount of play the machine has received since the last payout of the progressive jackpot.
  • the progressive jackpot is increased by a relatively small percentage of each bet (e.g., 1%). This is called the "progressive increment".
  • the probability of hitting the progressive jackpot is fixed and is determined by the manufacturer or operator of the machine.
  • the "current expected return" from the player's perspective
  • the return of a progressive reel slot machine can be calculated if all of the critical parameters are known (such as the probability of hitting the progressive jackpot).
  • casinos and other operators of progressive reel slot machines closely guard such information.
  • the invention comprises a method of operating progressive reel slot machines which allows players to determine the current expected progressive return of a given machine so that they can choose which machine they wish to play. Players will be attracted to such machines because they will be able to determine the current expected progressive return. The steps involved in determining the current expected progressive return will increase the interactivity of the players with the gaming machines. The process will entertain the players because they will have an active role in determining the return they receive for their bet.
  • the operator Since the return of the progressive reel slot machine, from the operator's perspective, is fixed and does not change with respect to the amount of the progressive jackpot, the operator is not concerned with which machine, out of a group of its otherwise equivalent progressive reel slot machines, is played.
  • the operator benefits by the increase in traffic and the overall increase in play of the group of machines.
  • the player benefits by being able to choose his/her expected return and by the increase in entertainment value of the gaming machine.
  • the method involves publishing (or posting), preferably on the machine itself, information to allow the player to calculate the current expected return of the machine.
  • the amount of the progressive jackpot is typically displayed on the machine.
  • the qualifying or “maximum” bet required to qualify for the progressive jackpot is typically shown on the machine.
  • the additional information required to determine the current expected progressive return of the machine is: (1) the probability of hitting the progressive jackpot, and (2) either (a) the "truncated return” of the slot machine (defined in the detailed description of the invention), or (b) the "flat return” of the slot machine (also defined below) and the minimum “reset” value of the progressive jackpot.
  • critical parameters can be combined and/or encoded to limit the disclosure of the critical parameters of the machine, or can be in "raw” form.
  • the players are provided with a device to calculate the current expected progressive return based on the published critical parameters.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the card member of the slide rule calculator
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the middle sleeve of the slide rule calculator
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the outer sleeve of the slide rule calculator.
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of slide rule calculator.
  • the expected return (from the player's perspective) of a "flat" (i.e., non- progressive) reel slot machine can be calculated if the probabilities and payouts of all the winning combinations are known. Since the probabilities and payouts are fixed, the expected return of a flat reel slot machine is fixed.
  • the expected return Rn at of a flat reel slot machine can be expressed as: n
  • R ⁇ at is the expected return of the flat reel slot machine, expressed as a percentage
  • Pi is the probability of hitting the ith winning combination, expressed as a percentage
  • Wj is the payout for hitting the ith winning combination, expressed as a multiple of the bet
  • n is the number of winning combinations.
  • returns and probabilities are intended to be expressed as percentages, throughout this disclosure. However, it can be appreciated that returns and probabilities can be expressed in decimal form.
  • Rpr 0g ( P ) is the current expected progressive return of a progressive reel slot machine, from the player's perspective; is the probability of hitting the progressive jackpot, expressed as a percentage;
  • J p is the current amount of the progressive jackpot, expressed as a multiple of the qualifying bet D; p, is the probability of hitting the ith winning combination, expressed as a percentage; w, is the payout for hitting the ith winning combination, expressed as a multiple of the qualifying bet D; and n is the total number of winning combinations (including the jackpot).
  • the current expected progressive return Rpr 0g (P) can be expressed as:
  • Rp rog (P) is the current expected progressive return of a progressive reel slot machine, from the player's perspective; is the probability of hitting the progressive jackpot, expressed as a percentage;
  • J p is the current amount of the progressive jackpot, expressed as a multiple of the qualifying bet D;
  • R T is the truncated return as defined with respect to equation [2].
  • the current expected progressive return, from the player's perspective, of a progressive reel slot machine Rpr 0g (P) can also be expressed as:
  • Rp rog ( P ) is the current expected progressive return of a progressive reel slot machine, from the player's perspective m is the probability of hitting the progressive jackpot
  • J d is the current amount of the progressive jackpot, in, e.g., dollars
  • R T is the truncated return, as defined above with respect to equation [2].
  • flat return R 0 will be used herein to mean the return of the progressive reel slot machine, from the player's perspective, when the jackpot is at the reset (or minimum) value J 0 .
  • flat return R G can be expressed as:
  • R 0 is the flat return of a progressive reel slot machine; is the probability of hitting the jackpot, expressed as a percentage;
  • Rp ro g(P) is the current expected progressive return of a progressive reel slot machine, from the player's perspective; is the probability of hitting the progressive jackpot, expressed as a percentage; J p is the current amount of the progressive jackpot, expressed as a multiple of the qualifying bet D; J 0 is the amount of the reset value of the jackpot; and R 0 is the flat return as defined in equation [5].
  • the current expected progressive return of a progressive reel slot machine at any given point in time can be determined by knowing: (1) the probability of hitting the progressive jackpot, (2) the amount of the progressive jackpot, (3) the amount of the qualifying bet, and (4) either (a) the "truncated return” of the progressive reel slot machine, or (b) the "flat return” and the reset amount of the jackpot.
  • casinos and other operators of progressive reel slot machines have heretofore had a strict policy of not disclosing such information.
  • the return of a progressive reel slot machine, as viewed from an operator's perspective, is not the same as that viewed from a player's perspective.
  • the expected progressive return, from an operator's perspective is fixed. This is because operators consider the money contributed to and accumulated in the progressive jackpot to be the "player's money".
  • Rprog( ⁇ ) is equal to the flat return of the machine Ro , plus the progressive increment u (referred to in the Background of the Invention), which can be expressed as:
  • Rp r0g ( ⁇ ) i the expected return of a progressive reel slot machine, from an operator's perspective
  • R o the flat return
  • u the progressive increment
  • the invention comprises posting or publishing, preferably on the progressive reel slot machine itself, information related to the following critical parameters: (1) the probability of hitting the progressive jackpot, (2) the amount of the progressive jackpot, (3) the amount of the qualifying bet, and (4) either (a) the truncated return of the progressive reel slot machine, or (b) the flat return and the reset value of the jackpot.
  • the player is provided with the equations and/or means to calculate the current expected progressive return given the posted information.
  • the calculating means can employ one of the above equations [3], [4], or [6], or an equivalent method.
  • the use of the method can be limited to certain establishments and/or to "authorized” or "selected” players who are in possession of the means to calculate/decode the current progressive expected return.
  • the (fixed) probability of hitting the progressive jackpot can be divided by the (also fixed) amount of the qualifying bet D to produce the "m" value of equation [4].
  • This "m" value, and the truncated return R ⁇ can be posted on the progressive reel slot machine along with the amount of the current progressive jackpot Ja.
  • a player using a calculating means employing equation [4] would be able to determine the current expected progressive return of the machine given the "m" value and the truncated return.
  • the probability of hitting the progressive jackpot ⁇ (expressed as a percentage) is usually much less than one hundred (usually between 0.01% and 0.1%) .
  • the qualifying bet D is usually a small integer (usually between 0.5 and 25).
  • an (encoded) letter or symbol can replace the "m" value of a particular progressive reel slot machine or a symbol, either of which corresponds to a letter or symbol associated with a calculating procedure or means.
  • the "m" value can be replaced by a number ⁇ equal to the logarithm of the "m” value based on a small number "a”, such as:
  • a is a constant equal to, for example, 10 ; and m is the probability of hitting the progressive jackpot ⁇ (expressed as a percentage) divided by the qualifying bet D.
  • the "m” value of a particular machine can be better represented by the " ⁇ " value, which can be an integer from, for example, 0 to 50.
  • the truncated and flat returns of progressive reel slot machines typically vary between about 80% and 99%. Similar to the "m" value, the truncated return R ⁇ (or the flat return R o ) can be posted in raw form or symbolic/encoded form on the progressive reel slot machine.
  • the published critical parameters can be presented in encoded form by any suitable manner.
  • the encoded parameters can be presented as a continuous string such that one part of the string represents one parameter (e.g., the "m" value or flat return R 0 ) and another part of the string represents another parameter (e.g., the truncated return R T or the reset value of the jackpot J 0 ).
  • the encoding may be such that the entire string encodes, in combined form, two or more parameters of the machine.
  • two or more of the above parameters could be encoded according to a suitable encryption or encoding method into a single code, which can be decoded by a device or method designed to decode such an encryption or encoding method.
  • the players are preferably provided with a calculating means designed to use one of the above equations (or a variation thereof).
  • the calculating means can be in the form of an inexpensive electronic calculating device pre-programmed with one of the above equations (or an equivalent thereof), which device is designed to accept input in the predetermined, posted form.
  • the electronic calculating device is preferably designed to be used exclusively for the purposes of determining the current expected progressive return of progressive reel slot machines.
  • individual operators can encode the posted information and design the programming of the electronic calculator device such that the a particular type of device must be used at their facilities.
  • the calculating means can be in the form of a slide rule employing one of the above equations (or an equivalent).
  • the slide rule has an inner card 10, a middle sleeve 12 and an outer sleeve 14.
  • the inner card 10 includes a first column 16 of " ⁇ " values representing various "m” values m ⁇ , which "m" values are equal to the probability of hitting the progressive jackpot ( , expressed as a percentage), divided by the qualifying bet D.
  • the numbers in the first column 16 are arranged in ascending sequence, equally spaced from top to bottom, with the represented values increasing in an exponential series.
  • the inner card 10 also includes an array (columns and rows) of numbers 18 representing the current expected return of the progressive slot machine, from the player's perspective Rpr 0g (P)-
  • the array of numbers is spaced a distance away from the first column 16 of numbers and the rows of the array are aligned with the numbers in the first column 16.
  • the middle sleeve 12 of the device slides over the inner card 10 and contains a first (small) window 20 which is aligned with the column 16 of " ⁇ " values on the inner card, and is sized to expose only one of the " ⁇ " values at a time.
  • Adjacent the first window 20 is a second column of numbers 22 representing various dollar amounts of the current progressive jackpot, J d .
  • One of the numbers of the second column 22 is aligned with the first window 20 and the numbers are equally spaced apart a distance equal to that between the numbers of the first column of numbers 16 and between the rows of the array 18 on the inner card 10.
  • the numbers of the second column 22 increase from top to bottom in an exponential series, using the same base number as that for the "m” and " ⁇ ” values.
  • the middle sleeve 12 also includes a second (large) window 24 which preferably has a length and width equal to the length and width of the array of numbers 18 on the inner card 10.
  • the second window 24 is preferably located to expose the entire array of numbers 18 on the inner card 10 when the first number of the first column 16 on the inner card 10 is aligned with the first (small) window 20 in the middle sleeve 12.
  • the outer sleeve 14 slides over the middle sleeve 12 and includes an elongated, longitudinally-extending window 26.
  • the longitudinally-extending window 26 is aligned to overlap the first window 20 in the middle sleeve 12, such that the first window 20 and the number exposed therein remain visible as the inner card 10 and middle sleeve 12 slide relative to the outer sleeve 14.
  • the outer sleeve 14 also includes an elongated, laterally-extending window 28 which has a length equal to the distance sufficient to expose at least one row of the column of numbers 22 on the middle sleeve 12 and an entire row of numbers of the array 18 on the inner card.
  • the laterally-extending window 28 is preferably sized to expose only one row of each of the column of numbers 22 on the middle sleeve 12 and the array 18 on the inner card 10.
  • the outer sleeve 14 also preferably includes indicia (i.e., J d , b 0 , bi, b 2 ... b n ), located above the laterally-extending window 28 to indicate that the numbers represent the current dollar amount of the progressive jackpot and the current expected progressive return for several preselected values of the truncated return of the progressive slot machines.
  • the middle sleeve 12 preferably includes a top thumb notch 30 through which a top edge 32 of the inner card 10 is exposed.
  • the outer sleeve 14 includes both top and bottom thumb notches 34, 36. The inner card 10 is exposed through the top notch 34 of the outer sleeve, and the bottom edge 38 of the middle sleeve 12 is exposed through the bottom thumb notch 36 of the outers sleeve 14.
  • a player would be required to approach the machine to read the displayed information. He or she would then adjust the sleeves of the slide rule to "calculate" the current expected progressive return. Based on the number produced, the player could then choose to play the machine at that time, or decide to search for a machine with a better return.
  • the player would move the inner card 10 relative to the middle sleeve 12 such that the appropriate "m” value (e.g., "12" shown) is visible through the first window 20.
  • the player would grasp the top edge 32 of the inner card 10 through the top thumb notch 34 and the (only) thumb notch 30 in the middle sleeve.
  • the player moves the outer sleeve 14 relative to the middle sleeve 12 and the inner card 10 such that the appropriate current dollar amount of the progressive jackpot (e.g. $32,000) is visible through the laterally-extending window 28 in the outer sleeve 14.
  • the player would grasp the bottom edge 38 of the middle sleeve through the bottom thumb notch 36 of the outer sleeve 14.
  • the current expected progressive return is thus either 91.0%, 92.0%, 93.0%, 94.0%, 95.0%, or 96.0%, depending on the published truncated return of the progressive reel slot machine.
  • the publishing or posting of the critical parameters, in raw or encoded form, will increase player attraction to and interaction with the progressive reel slot machines. This will enhance the entertainment value of the machines and increase gaming activity.
  • the increase in gaming activity benefits the machine operators, which depend on such activity.
  • the method benefits the players by providing enhanced entertainment value and the ability to choose the return received for each bet.
PCT/US1999/027263 1998-11-19 1999-11-18 Method of operating progressive reel slot machines and device therefor WO2000030720A1 (en)

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AU16280/00A AU1628000A (en) 1998-11-19 1999-11-18 Method of operating progressive reel slot machines and device therefor

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US09/196,418 US6283473B1 (en) 1998-11-19 1998-11-19 Method of operating progressive reel slot machines and device therefor
US09/196,418 1998-11-19

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US20010003710A1 (en) 2001-06-14
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US6283473B1 (en) 2001-09-04

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