WO2000015877A2 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung verschleissfester oberflächen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung verschleissfester oberflächen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000015877A2 WO2000015877A2 PCT/EP1999/006800 EP9906800W WO0015877A2 WO 2000015877 A2 WO2000015877 A2 WO 2000015877A2 EP 9906800 W EP9906800 W EP 9906800W WO 0015877 A2 WO0015877 A2 WO 0015877A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- coated
- workpiece
- flow
- bore
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/005—Apparatus specially adapted for electrolytic conversion coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/08—Electroplating with moving electrolyte e.g. jet electroplating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing wear-resistant, coated surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a device for producing wear-resistant, coated surfaces according to the preamble of claim 6.
- Methods and devices of the type mentioned here serve, for example, to provide an oxide layer on a surface consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, for example a bore surface.
- the workpiece is connected to the positive pole of a voltage source, thus forming the anode.
- a lead plate connected to the negative pole forms the cathode, which is inserted into the hole.
- An electrolyte, here dilute sulfuric acid, is introduced into the chamber delimited by the workpiece and the cathode.
- the chamber has an inlet and an outlet and the electrolyte flows through it in one direction.
- the layer thickness of the aluminum oxide layer is different over the surface to be coated, that is to say that the layer thickness of the oxide layer is greater on one side of the workpiece than on the other side.
- a method having the features of claim 1 is proposed.
- This is characterized in that the flow direction of the electrolyte is reversed at least once during the coating process.
- a targeted influence on the layer thickness distribution and the desired nominal dimensions is possible, that is to say that the thickness of the wear-resistant layer produced by the electrolysis can be adjusted.
- This can influence the shape of the surface to be coated, for example the conicity of a bore or the flatness of a plate.
- An embodiment of the method is particularly preferred in which at least the surface to be coated consists of aluminum or is an aluminum alloy and that an oxide layer forms thereon, which is also referred to as an anodized layer.
- This form of electrolysis is also referred to as anodizing or anodizing, in which the workpiece to be coated serve as an anode and, for example, a lead plate as cathode, which are introduced into or adjoin a reaction space.
- An electrolyte for example dilute sulfuric acid, flows through the reaction chamber.
- the anodized layer produced by anodizing is hard and very resistant to chemical influences.
- the surface to be coated is curved, in particular cylindrical, or flat.
- the shape and / or its nominal size can be influenced both in the case of curved and flat surfaces.
- the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous in the coating of a through or blind bore, the dimensional and shape accuracy of which places high demands, such as, for example, a bore for a valve piston of a delivery device used in a vehicle.
- a bore has a conical shape instead of a cylindrical one, which can be compensated for or eliminated by coating the surface by deliberately reversing the flow direction of the electrolyte.
- a device which has the features of claim 6.
- This comprises a reaction space connected to at least two connecting lines, of which a first connecting line serves as an inlet and a second connecting line serves as an outlet for an electrolyte which can be transported by means of a conveying device.
- the workpiece to be coated or the at least one surface is introduced into the reaction space, or at least brought into contact with the electrolyte. It is also possible for the workpiece to delimit or form part of the reaction space.
- a workpiece with a bore to be coated.
- An electrode is inserted into the hole whose surface is to be coated.
- At least one anode and one cathode are located in the reaction space or the workpiece is connected to one of the two poles of a voltage source and thus forms the anode or the cathode.
- the device is characterized in that a switching device, for example a directional control valve, is provided in the flow path of the electrolyte, with the aid of which the inlet and outlet can be interchanged.
- the inflow and the outflows are connected to the reaction space at a distance from one another such that the electrolyte preferably flows past the entire surface, or at least a large part of the surface to be coated.
- Figure 1 is a schematic schematic diagram of an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- Figures each a part of a workpiece 2A to 2C in the region of a bore
- Figures each a perspective view 3A and 3B of another embodiment of the device.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of a device 1 for producing wear-resistant, coated surfaces, here a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical blind hole 5 which is introduced into a workpiece 3.
- a rod-shaped electrode 7 connected to a voltage source (not shown) is inserted into the blind hole 5 , which has a first, larger-diameter longitudinal section 9 and a second, smaller-diameter longitudinal section 11.
- the diameter of the electrode 7 in the loading rich of the first longitudinal section 9 corresponds essentially to the diameter of the blind hole 5, while the diameter of the second longitudinal section 11 is smaller than that of the blind hole, so that an annular space is formed between the blind hole 5 and the electrode 7 in the region of the second longitudinal section 11.
- a circumferential recess is made in the outer circumferential surface of the electrode 7, in which a seal 13 is arranged, by means of which the blind bore 5 is sealed from the surroundings.
- the opening of the blind bore 5 is thus closed by the electrode 7, which creates a closed chamber which forms a reaction space.
- a first connecting line 17 In the area of the first longitudinal section 9, two further through bores 19, which are arranged at a distance from the longitudinal central axis 14, are made in the electrode 7 and are connected to a second connecting line 21.
- the connecting lines 17, 21 are connected to a switching device, which is formed here by a 4/2-way valve 23.
- a return line 27 leading directly to a container 25 for an electrolyte and a delivery line 29 likewise connected to the container 25 are connected to the directional valve 23.
- a conveying device formed here by a pump 31 which conveys the electrolyte from the container 25 sucks in and conveys to the blind bore 5 via the delivery line 29, the directional control valve 23 and one of the connecting lines 17, 21.
- the structure and function of a 4/2-way valve 23 is known per se, so that this is not described in detail.
- the structural design of the switching device formed here purely by way of example by a directional control valve can be varied. It is important that the flow direction of the electrolyte in the reaction space can be reversed with the help of the switching device.
- the workpiece 3 consists of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and that the device 1 serves for hard anodizing the surface of the blind bore 5.
- the workpiece 3 serves as an anode and for this purpose is connected to the positive pole of the voltage source, while the electrode 7 protruding into the blind hole 5, for example consisting of lead, is connected to the negative pole of the voltage source, that is to say serves as a cathode .
- Diluted sulfuric acid for example, can be used as the electrolyte in this process.
- the electrolyte sucked out of the container 25 by means of the pump 31 is conveyed via the delivery line 29, the first connecting line 17 and the one in the middle area in the electrode 7 attached through-opening 15 in those bounded by the blind bore 5 and the electrode 7 and closed off from the environment Annulus introduced.
- the electrolyte emerging directly from the through hole 15 above the bottom of the blind hole 5 flows along the electrode 7 or the hole surface in the direction of the blind hole opening closed by the first longitudinal section 9 of the electrode 7 and is via the two through holes 19, the second connecting line 21 and the return line 27 is returned to the container 25.
- the directional control valve 23 is shifted manually or automatically into its second functional position.
- the flow direction of the electrolyte is reversed, that is to say the connecting line 17 is connected to the return line 27 and the second connecting line 21 to the delivery line 29.
- the pumped from the tank 31 electrolyte now enters through the through holes 19 in the blind hole 5, flows along the surface of the hole towards the bottom of the blind hole and is via the through hole 15 in the electrode 7, the first connecting line 17 and the Return line 27 returned to the container 25.
- the at least one reversal of the direction of flow of the electrolyte during the coating process at a defined point in time means that the oxide layer has a smaller thickness at the end of the bore with the smaller diameter than at the other end with the larger diameter .
- the taper of the bore which is, for example, 6 .mu.m with a length of the bore of 40 mm to 50 mm, can be compensated for so that the bore has a cylindrical shape after the coating process.
- the determination of the times for the individual flow directions can be done both mathematically and empirically by comparing the diameter of the bore before and after the hard coating process.
- a method for determining the time of reversal of the flow direction or the duration of the individual flow directions is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2C, which each show a part of a workpiece 3 in the area of a through bore 35.
- the through bore 35 is shown in FIG. 2A after its production and before hard anodizing and in FIG. 2C after hard anodizing.
- FIG. 2B shows the through hole 35 with its desired nominal diameter and circular cylindrical shape.
- a device not shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, the structure of which differs from that described with reference to FIG. 1 in that the one with the return line leading to the container and the one with the Pump connected delivery line connected connecting lines, which form the inlet and outlet for the electrolyte, are each connected to an opening of the through hole 35.
- the through bore 35 has a conical shape after its manufacture, that is to say the diameter of the through bore in the region of its openings is different.
- One diameter is marked with 0 1vor and the other with 0 2vor .
- K is an empirically or arithmetically determinable constant or a parameter.
- the actual diameters 0 1nach and 0 2nach are determined.
- the times for the individual flow directions are determined or calculated from the difference from 0 before -0 after .
- the diameter difference between 0 1nach and 0 2nach is smaller than before the coating process; the taper is thus largely balanced in this embodiment.
- the taper can be at least better compensated for by the method described above than is possible by the known manufacturing method, also referred to as the dallic method.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B each show a perspective view of part of a further exemplary embodiment of the device 1, in which the workpiece 3 is a plate, the flat or substantially flat surface of which is to be provided with an oxide layer.
- the tubular electrode 7 forming the cathode is held vertically or essentially vertically and at a distance from the workpiece 3, which is located in a reaction space, for example in a bath, through which an electrolyte can flow.
- the liquid electrolyte for example sulfuric acid
- Figure 3A the liquid electrolyte
- the electrolyte essentially strikes the center of the plate and flows from there, as indicated by arrows 37, in the direction of the side edge of the workpiece 3.
- the flow direction of the electrolyte is reversed, so that it flows from the side edge of the plate-shaped workpiece 3 in the middle thereof and is returned to the container via the passage opening in the electrode 7.
- the adjustable time duration of the individual flow directions can influence the shape of the flat surface of the workpiece 3 and the layer thickness can be set both in the edge area and in the central area of the workpiece 3. This can compensate for unevenness on the surface to be coated.
- reaction space is understood to mean both a closed chamber and a bath.
- the thickness of the layer produced in the coating process can be influenced both with curved and with flat surfaces using the method described above. By controlling the layer thickness distribution, it is also possible to influence the shape of the coated surface in a targeted manner.
- the design of the device for producing coated surfaces for example the shape of the cathode which forms during hard anodizing Electrode, the inlet and outlet connection for the electrolyte and the like is adapted to the shape of the surface to be coated and / or the workpiece.
- the exact layer thickness distribution means that post-processing of the coated surface in order to obtain a desired shape and / or an exact dimension can be dispensed with, since in many cases these parameters can be set with sufficient precision by precisely controlling the duration of the flow directions of the electrolyte.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000570396A JP4472183B2 (ja) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-09-14 | 耐摩耗性表面の製造のための方法 |
GB0108763A GB2359824B (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-09-14 | Process for the production of wear-resistant surfaces |
DE19981820T DE19981820D2 (de) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-09-14 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung verschleissfester Oberflächen |
EP99969127A EP1115913B1 (de) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-09-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung verschleissfester oberflächen |
US09/787,045 US6896786B1 (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-09-14 | Method and device for producing wear resisting surfaces |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19842284.9 | 1998-09-16 | ||
DE19842284A DE19842284A1 (de) | 1998-09-16 | 1998-09-16 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung verschleißfester Oberflächen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000015877A2 true WO2000015877A2 (de) | 2000-03-23 |
WO2000015877A3 WO2000015877A3 (de) | 2000-08-17 |
Family
ID=7881081
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/006800 WO2000015877A2 (de) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-09-14 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung verschleissfester oberflächen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6896786B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1115913B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4472183B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19842284A1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2359824B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000015877A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003066381A (ja) | 2001-05-23 | 2003-03-05 | Novartis Ag | 流体で物品を処理するためのシステム及び方法 |
EP1655091A1 (de) * | 2004-11-09 | 2006-05-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Bearbeitung eines Bauteils und ein Bauteil mit Durchgangsloch |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1909870A1 (de) * | 1969-02-27 | 1970-09-10 | Degussa | Verfahren zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Metallen auf poroese Formkoerper |
DE4337724A1 (de) * | 1993-11-05 | 1995-05-11 | Hoellmueller Maschbau H | Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung der Wandung von Bohrungen in elektrischen Leiterplatten oder Multilayern |
US5792265A (en) * | 1993-07-15 | 1998-08-11 | Mahle Gmbh | Device and process for producing reinforcing layers on cylinder running surfaces of internal combustion engines and the like |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5293636A (en) * | 1976-02-02 | 1977-08-06 | Suzuki Motor Co | Method of composite plating inner surfaces of cylinder |
DE4201466A1 (de) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-07-22 | Mahle Gmbh | Vorrichtung sowie verfahren zur herstellung von bewehrungsschichten auf zylinderlaufflaechen von verbrennungsmotoren u. dgl. |
US6261433B1 (en) * | 1998-04-21 | 2001-07-17 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Electro-chemical deposition system and method of electroplating on substrates |
-
1998
- 1998-09-16 DE DE19842284A patent/DE19842284A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-09-14 GB GB0108763A patent/GB2359824B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-14 JP JP2000570396A patent/JP4472183B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-14 EP EP99969127A patent/EP1115913B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-14 DE DE19981820T patent/DE19981820D2/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-09-14 US US09/787,045 patent/US6896786B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-14 WO PCT/EP1999/006800 patent/WO2000015877A2/de active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1909870A1 (de) * | 1969-02-27 | 1970-09-10 | Degussa | Verfahren zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Metallen auf poroese Formkoerper |
US5792265A (en) * | 1993-07-15 | 1998-08-11 | Mahle Gmbh | Device and process for producing reinforcing layers on cylinder running surfaces of internal combustion engines and the like |
DE4337724A1 (de) * | 1993-11-05 | 1995-05-11 | Hoellmueller Maschbau H | Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung der Wandung von Bohrungen in elektrischen Leiterplatten oder Multilayern |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 197737 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class M11, AN 1977-65991Y XP002138977 & JP 52 093636 A (SUZUKI MOTOR CO LTD), 6. August 1977 (1977-08-06) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6896786B1 (en) | 2005-05-24 |
EP1115913A2 (de) | 2001-07-18 |
GB0108763D0 (en) | 2001-05-30 |
JP4472183B2 (ja) | 2010-06-02 |
DE19981820D2 (de) | 2001-07-26 |
WO2000015877A3 (de) | 2000-08-17 |
EP1115913B1 (de) | 2003-03-05 |
JP2002525428A (ja) | 2002-08-13 |
GB2359824A (en) | 2001-09-05 |
GB2359824B (en) | 2003-08-06 |
DE19842284A1 (de) | 2000-03-30 |
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