WO2000011234A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschichtung von hochtemperaturbauteilen mittels plasmaspritzens - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschichtung von hochtemperaturbauteilen mittels plasmaspritzens Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000011234A1 WO2000011234A1 PCT/DE1999/002381 DE9902381W WO0011234A1 WO 2000011234 A1 WO2000011234 A1 WO 2000011234A1 DE 9902381 W DE9902381 W DE 9902381W WO 0011234 A1 WO0011234 A1 WO 0011234A1
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- Prior art keywords
- component
- temperature
- infrared camera
- temperature distribution
- surface area
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
- B05B12/12—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature position or movement of the target relative to the spray apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
- B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
- B05B7/226—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material being originally a particulate material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for coating high-temperature components by means of plasma spraying, in particular gas turbine components, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to a coating device with an infrared camera, according to the preamble of claim 14.
- VPS vacuum plasma spraying
- LPPS low pressure plasma spraying
- atmospheric plasma spraying a method for atmospheric plasma spraying
- a coating is produced in that a very hot plasma jet is directed onto the substrate to be coated while supplying material to be applied.
- the coating material is usually in the form of powder or wire and is used during the
- Metal powder and ceramic powder in a wide variety of mixtures and particle sizes can be used as long as the starting material has a defined melting point.
- an MCrAlY layer is used to coat gas turbine blades with a hot gas corrosion layer, where M is a placeholder for the metals Ni and Co.
- the type and quality of the layer is influenced, among other things, by the pore content, the oxide and nitride content and by its adhesion properties. In addition to the roughness of the surface, important liability mechanisms are the mutual diffusion of the different materials or chemical reactions. It is often necessary to apply an adhesion promoter layer before applying the actual protective layer, especially when different coefficients of thermal expansion have to be compensated for.
- Non-destructive tests e.g. can be supplied by ultrasound or infrared technology. It is often disadvantageous in the case of the first-mentioned methods that the examination instruments touch the surface of the workpiece, so that the possible uses e.g. limited to certain component geometries. Furthermore, errors often occur due to surface contamination, unevenness or other surface anomalies.
- the examination of the component consists of a large-area, averaging observation.
- infrared technologies are based on the fact that any matter, correlated with the temperature of the component, absorbs and emits electromagnetic radiation, which is registered by infrared detectors.
- the infrared methods can be used quickly and flexibly and can be connected to control systems without problems.
- a device and a method for examining the thickness and the defects of the coating by means of an infrared technique is described in GB 2 220 065.
- the coated component is illuminated by a short infrared pulse and the beam response is registered by an infrared camera.
- the area to be examined is illuminated more homogeneously than in the method described above. It is disadvantageous, among other things, that at higher process temperatures the infrared radiation of the heated component and the flash lamp are poorly separable for a detection and evaluation provided in the measuring method.
- control procedures outlined above, and others, are generally performed after the coating is completed. However, it is desirable to carry out online checks already during the coating in order to intervene in a controlling manner if necessary or to regulate the process on the basis of the results. In addition, an associated control and regulation of the process parameters during the
- the surface temperature of the component to be coated is of fundamental importance for the formation of the various protective functions of the coating.
- the MCrAlY layers mentioned above achieve their protective function, for example, through the formation of aluminum oxide or chromium oxide layers. This in particular prevents an oxidation attack in the base material.
- the oxide layers are designed differently depending on the surface temperature of the component. According to the latest results, the surface temperature of the substrate and the temperature gradient on the component surface are of increasing importance for the adhesion of various metal-ceramic layers in the plasma spraying process (see, for example, Proc. Int. Therm. Spr. Conf. 1998, Nice, France, p. 1555 ff.).
- pyrometers are often used to measure the temperature at a freely definable point on the surface of the component.
- these only provide point measurements and there is a risk that the pyrometric temperature measurement will be carried out at different locations on the blade surface if the blade moves during the process control.
- the temperature measured in this way is therefore subject to large, incalculable fluctuations.
- the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 / an apparatus according to claim 14.
- an infrared camera By measuring the heat distribution of a surface area of the component using an infrared camera in the sense of the present invention, a flat overview of the component surface is possible in real time.
- a measurement of the heat radiation with an infrared camera is already used, for example, in the above-mentioned known method according to US Pat. No. 5,047,612 for checking the powder application during the plasma coating.
- the determination of the exact absolute temperature distribution of the entire component surface or of selected, predetermined sections of the component surface is carried out precisely and as a function of time.
- An infrared camera according to the invention corresponds to an infrared-sensitive CCD field with optics for imaging the component on the CCD field and intensity or frequency-dependent evaluation devices.
- the temperature distribution is determined from the heat distribution by comparing the thermal radiation of the component surface measured with the infrared camera with the radiation reference means. What is essential for the present invention is an adjustment of the heat distribution or the temperature distribution determined therefrom by measuring the heat distribution or the temperature distribution by means of an adjustable method parameter. By setting the process parameter, the surface temperature is corrected for its absolute size in order to reach a threshold temperature.
- the radiation reference means is brought to a temperature which can be set as required by a heater and which is precisely determined by a temperature control element.
- the thermal images of the radiation reference means recorded with the camera can be easily, e.g. by
- color comparisons can be made "by eye" with a high sensitivity.
- a simple, quick and reliable check criterion for exceeding or falling below the threshold temperature is already provided by a visual comparison of the heat radiation recordings of the component and the radiation reference element .
- an evaluation using EDP can also be used sensibly, e.g. an electronic color value or intensity comparison.
- the process offers reproducible results and ensures exact and variable control of the adhesion properties of the layer to be applied even during the coating process. Due to the clarity, the temperatures can even be set by hand while maintaining accuracy and reproducibility. The large spatial accuracy or the very good resolution has an advantageous effect, particularly in the case of complex surface areas to be coated.
- the process parameter to set a temperature distribution in the surface area of the component at which predetermined temperature differences and / or temperature gradients are not exceeded.
- Inhomogeneities in the temperature distribution in particular strong local fluctuations, that is to say large temperature gradients, can lead to reduced adhesion of the coating despite a generally very high average temperature.
- Temperature gradients can e.g. due to uneven heating or changing component properties, such as different thicknesses of the material.
- the detection of the heat radiation by means of an infrared camera can also make temporal fluctuations in the temperature distribution, which result, for example, from fluctuations in the output of the heating source, visible, in situ and with the highest temporal resolution, e.g. 10-50 frames / sec.
- the parameter is advantageously set on the basis of empirical values or measured values and by coordination with the measured, time-dependent temperature distribution.
- the threshold temperature is advantageously set with a view to optimum adhesion of the coating to the component and / or the temperature differences and / or temperature gradients are permitted for the same purpose only within predetermined limits.
- Different materials in particular material combinations of layer material and substrate material, make it necessary to reach different threshold temperatures when adjusting the temperature distribution of the surface areas of the components, which is possible by changing the setting of the process parameter.
- a flexible, quick and precise setting of the threshold temperature can be achieved as required by setting the parameter m as a function of the measured temperature distribution.
- By controlling the process parameter it is possible to react individually to the temperature fluctuations and the limits of temperature differences necessary for the adhesion of the coating can be observed.
- component and material characteristic parameters for process control and control by hand or by means of EDP support.
- the influence of different material thicknesses for example due to the changes in the thermal conductivity of the components, can also be taken into account.
- the threshold temperatures and thus the coating temperatures can be adapted quickly and individually by stored, material-specific parameters of the process parameters.
- a predetermined threshold temperature be set in each case on several areas of the surface of the component. Especially in areas of the component that are particularly stressed in later use, for example exposed to the hottest and strongest currents and mechanical loads Parts of gas turbines need to ensure optimal adhesion to ensure functionality.
- the present invention always makes it possible to meet these requirements as required.
- a jet used to heat the component can be guided over certain, faster cooling points, as required.
- a simultaneous control is given by observation and control with the infrared camera practically at any time.
- the process parameter is regulated by comparing the temperature distribution of the surface area of the component with a target temperature distribution. If certain temperature distributions have proven to be particularly advantageous during test measurements and test runs, but also during the actual coating, it is desirable to be able to use this for subsequent coatings. A constant temperature distribution with temperatures higher than the threshold temperature may also have proven to be useful. The temperature distribution is then set in the sense of this constant temperature for the entire surface. This can be done quickly by hand. The setting of a temperature distribution can also be done by using stored and checked variables of the process parameter in a control loop after comparison with the temperature distribution of the component surface supplied by the infrared camera.
- the component is advantageously preheated and / or heated with a plasma jet during plasma spraying, and a parameter of the plasma jet is set as a process parameter.
- the adhesion of the layer to the base material is positively influenced by a high preheating temperature.
- the preheating temperature is decisive for the adhesion of not only the first, but also all later layers applied to it, since these can only adhere as well as the first.
- a temperature comparable to the preheating temperature The temperature should also be maintained during plasma spraying and can advantageously be achieved by heating with the plasma jet. Heating with the plasma jet, for example, compared with a differential resistance heater, ensures that essentially the outer layers important for the coating are warmed up.
- the component material which may not be able to withstand the high temperatures for a long time, is only minimally damaged.
- the surface can be cleaned with the plasma jet under certain polarity of the component, which is explained in more detail below, which in turn improves the adhesion.
- it can easily happen that there are stronger gradients in the temperature distribution which counteract good adhesion.
- it is therefore advantageous to have the entire component in view by using the infrared camera and to be able to regulate the process parameters accordingly.
- the two processes of heating and coating which often overlap in an uncontrollable manner during the plasma coating process, can be monitored and regulated separately from one another by the method presented.
- the power of the plasma jet can be regulated as required by setting its process parameters. This enables a quick reaction to the temperature distribution results obtained from the infrared camera. With the same travel path or the same scanning method of the beam on the component surface, good reproducibility of the method can be ensured by storing and evaluating the data for the plasma beam. This ensures better quality of the layers and increased productivity.
- Beam source of the plasma beam can be set. This size can be controlled with little effort and enables precise Adjustment of the energy input of the plasma jet into the surface of the component according to the specified temperature distribution.
- the position of the component can be changed relative to the plasma jet, and the temperature distribution of the surface area of the component can be determined in different relative positions to the plasma jet. In this way it is possible to carry out an individual check of the various surface areas of the component without having to remove the component.
- the different component positions can be saved. This enables a reproducible assignment of the component position to a size of the process parameter. In order to achieve a benefit for other components of the same shape and type, it makes sense to use stored data, e.g. Starting point or assignment of the component position to regulate the process parameter for each component in the series.
- the component can be rotated with the optimal alignment of the axis of rotation of the component to the infrared camera.
- This control function can take the form of short-term measurements, i.e. be carried out separately for each surface area taking into account the rotational speed.
- the spatial resolution is very precise.
- the process parameters can be adjusted to suit the surface conditions in order to reach the threshold temperature.
- the present plasma spraying device preferably comprises a holding device for the continuous rotation of the component about its longitudinal axis.
- This type of rotation can be carried out in a stable manner and ensures the greatest possible effectiveness with regard to the coating speed and a uniform layer application.
- special conditions are advantageously set for the angular relationships of the axis of rotation to the plasma beam and camera alignment.
- the solid angle in which the plasma radiation is reflected overlaps with the viewing angle of the infrared camera. This setting would result in an overexposure of the entire image essentially by the direct or reflected radiation of the plasma beam.
- the infrared camera is therefore arranged outside the solid angle of the reflection of the plasma beam.
- the temperature distribution of the surface area of the component is advantageously determined as a function of time and the process parameters are set in accordance with the temporal behavior of the temperature distribution.
- the infrared camera enables the entire temperature distribution to be registered in one step.
- the changes in position of the component relative to the plasma jet on the one hand and a process parameter for plasma spraying on the other hand can be coordinated with one another in accordance with the temperature distribution in such a way that temperature gradients of the surface of the component are reduced.
- the process parameter can be set so that less energy is transferred per surface element. This can be done, for example, by moving the plasma jet faster relative to the component surface. The energy transfer per unit of time remains the same, but is distributed more evenly. This reduces the temperature gradients. On the other hand, too little energy transfer can also cause the surface temperature to drop too much. Then the power of the plasma jet can be increased. To achieve a high-quality surface layer, it is necessary to precisely coordinate the various positions of the component and the changes to the parameters in accordance with the temperature distribution determined.
- the triggering is carried out with a time interval of a quarter of a revolution duration or an integer multiple thereof. This ensures that either the front or the back of the component or the sides of the component are examined.
- the two sides can have different shapes, for example in the case of a turbine blade and material thickness of the component material and therefore store the energy input of the plasma beam to different extents. So there are different forms of temperature gradients, which may require an adjustment of the process parameter of the plasma jet.
- the object directed to a coating device for high-temperature components by means of plasma spraying is achieved by a device according to claim 14.
- the radiation reference means can be heated independently of the heating device for plasma spraying. This enables the material of the radiation reference means e.g. is heated completely and in particular uniformly by inductive heating or direct heating, for example resistance heating. This provides an important prerequisite for a correct, surface-independent comparison of the temperatures of the reference agent and the component to be coated.
- the temperature of the radiation reference means can advantageously be measured with a thermocouple.
- measured values are obtained that are independent of surface properties.
- the measurement with the thermocouple or another independent temperature measuring element provides reliable values of the absolute temperature after calibration, which can be used for a comparison with the results of the heat radiation measurements of the component using the infrared camera.
- the radiation reference means be arranged in the measuring field of the camera inside the chamber next to the component to be coated.
- This enables simultaneous detection of the radiation reference means and the component to be coated by the infrared camera.
- This can be particularly advantageous in the case of rapidly changing radiation conditions and reflections, which can influence nisse.
- Acquisition in the same measuring field enables measurement under the same ambient conditions, which is particularly advantageous in the case of rotated or displaced components, because of the rapidly changing visible surfaces.
- the ambient conditions are also significantly influenced by soiling from the coating material on the observation window or by the infrared components in the radiation of the plasma beam. It is therefore particularly advantageous to ensure that the measurement results are unadulterated by placing the radiation reference means inside the coating chamber.
- the camera is arranged and designed in such a way that at least the entire surface of a turbo shop facing it can be detected.
- a turbo shop facing it can be detected.
- the particular arrangement of the camera of the present invention enables this without problems. It is particularly advantageous here that the temperature distributions of edge regions or regions with small radii of curvature, such as those that occur in turbine blades in the region of the blade ends, are easy to carry out and regulate. This is important because additional strong mechanical and thermal loads act on the coating in use compared to flat surface areas.
- the infrared camera is attached to one end of an outwardly projecting nozzle of the coating chamber.
- a glass window attached to the end of the nozzle and providing an insight into the coating chamber, which is provided with a seal to ensure a good vacuum, is very little contaminated by process dust in this way.
- the proposed device reduces the frequency for maintenance and cleaning of the equipment. It is beneficial for infrared camera recordings if the nozzle has a conical see shape with a wide, free opening angle area. This shape is then adapted to the field of view of the infrared camera and enables optimal recordings of the component.
- the glass window advantageously consists of a special glass with a transmission adapted to the measuring range of the camera for wavelengths between 2-5 ⁇ m.
- This measuring range corresponds to the infrared radiation range in which a large proportion of the radiation from the component surface is emitted.
- This area of the radiation can be distinguished sufficiently well from the overlapping, broadband infrared portion of the plasma beam.
- the investigated wavelength range of 2-5 ⁇ m is far from the maximum of the temperature radiation of the plasma beam and has a lower intensity in comparison to the other radiation regions of the plasma beam. This is particularly important in the present online controls of the coating in order to obtain an unadulterated, well-resolved and unambiguous representation of the temperature distribution of the surface of the component.
- the glass window advantageously consists of sapphire glass.
- This type of glass which contains AI 2 O, has optimal transmission properties in the desired area.
- the glass is commercially available and can be functionally adapted to the device according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for coating by means of plasma spraying with a coating chamber and infrared camera
- 2a shows a simplified, graphic representation of a recording of a heat distribution with an infrared camera
- 2b shows a simplified, graphic representation of a temperature distribution, determined from a heat distribution
- FIG. 5 shows a representation to explain a triggered recording sequence of the infrared camera with a rotating component.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically and not to scale a basic structure of a coating device 1 for carrying out a plasma spraying process.
- the coating device 1 has a coating chamber 17 with a suction nozzle 18 which is connected to a vacuum device, not shown.
- a plasma spray device 16 is arranged within the coating chamber 17.
- the plasma jet 12 generated by the plasma spray device 16 is directed onto a component 10 to be coated which is arranged in the coating chamber 17.
- the schematic structure of the plasma spray device 16 is shown in FIG. 4.
- the plasma jet 12 enables both the heating of the component 10 and a coating with a powder load 95.
- the components 10 to be coated are essentially high-temperature components for the use of gas turbines, for example turbine blades or combustion chamber linings.
- the complex geometries as shown here by way of example, result in inhomogeneities in the heating and thus in the heat radiation distribution 30 of surface areas 40 of a component 10 to be coated.
- a moving device for two perpendicular directions 101 or a rotating device 100 enables all those to be coated to be reached Surface areas 40 of the component 10, so that the plasma jet 12 does not have to be deflected over wide surface areas 40.
- Each surface area 40 of the component 10, including the narrow sides can be quickly approached by rotating or moving in directions perpendicular to one another.
- the position of the plasma jet 12 relative to the component surface 40 can be changed by moving the position of the plasma spray device 16.
- the beam cone can also cover the entire, facing surface of the component 10.
- An example of a picture 25 with the infrared camera 20 is shown in FIG. 2a.
- the infrared camera 20 is attached to a glass window 19 which is attached to a nozzle 11, which in turn is attached to the coating chamber 17.
- the nozzle 11 prevents the glass window 19 and thus the view of the infrared camera 20 from being heavily contaminated by process dust.
- the angle of the viewing area 29 of the infrared camera 20 and the opening angle of the conically shaped nozzle 11 are matched to one another.
- the infrared camera 20 is arranged on the coating chamber 17 in such a way that reflections of the radiation from the plasma beam 12 on the component surface do not capture the infrared camera 20. It must also be ensured that a complete image of the heat radiation distribution 30 of the component 10 m in all positions can be determined with the infrared camera 20. For this purpose, an angle adjustment is to be carried out so that the component 10 is always in the viewing area 29 of the infrared camera 20 and at the same time the solid angle swept by the viewing area 29 of the infrared camera 20 is preferably outside the solid angle of the reflection of the plasma beam 12.
- a radiation reference means 60 is arranged next to the component 10 to be coated.
- both the component 10 and the radiation reference means 60 are located in the viewing area 29 of the infrared camera 20 at the same time, the heat radiation distributions 30 of the two can be detected simultaneously by means of a recording 25.
- the radiation reference means 60 is heated by a heater 61 which is independent of the heating of the component 10 and its temperature is determined by a thermocouple 62. This temperature is used as the reference temperature TR for determining the temperatures of the heat radiation distribution 30 of the surface area 40 of the component 10.
- FIG. 1 shows the schematic sequence of the measuring, converting and regulating process for the temperature control of the surface area 40 of the component 10.
- the heat radiation distribution 30 of the surface area 40 and the radiation reference means 60 recorded by the infrared camera 20 and the temperature TR of the radiation reference means 60 measured by the thermocouple 62 are fed to the converter 31. From this, the latter determines the absolute temperature distribution 70 of the examined component surface 40 and feeds this to the control device 32.
- the control device 32 determines, depending on zugebowter Sollemperaturverotti T as n (x, y)
- the infrared camera 20 can, for example, also have an internal radiation reference means, that is to say inside the infrared camera 20, with which a temperature determination and assignment can also be carried out.
- the temperature determination by means of a radiation reference means 60 within the coating chamber 17 is preferable, because measurement errors that arise due to the plasma sputtering process are present at the same time with a simultaneous recording 25 of the component 10 and the radiation reference means 60 m and can thus be neglected or averaged out time-dependent increase in the degree of contamination of the glass window 19 caused by process dust.
- the glass window 19 preferably contains Al 2 O 3 .
- This type of glass also called sapphire glass, has good transmission properties in the range of electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between 2-5 ⁇ m, which corresponds to the measuring range of the infrared camera 20. This is necessary for the precise, distinctive characterization of the radiating surface area 40 of the component 10, since the plasma beam 12 represents a very broadband radiation source which can be superimposed on the radiation of the component, as shown above. If the radiation in the infrared range caused by the plasma beam 12 is too intense, suitable filters or other optics are connected upstream of the infrared camera 20.
- the high-temperature component 10 on the surface area 40 is brought to a predetermined preheating temperature, the threshold temperature T s , in order to ensure better adhesion of the coating 15 to be applied.
- This preheating or heating during the coating process is preferably carried out with the “pure” plasma jet 12 without powder load 95.
- a plurality of surface areas 40 can also be brought at least locally to predetermined threshold temperatures T s .
- a target temperature distribution Tsoll (x, y) in the surface area 40 the method presented p sets the method parameter p of the plasma spraying process in accordance with the determined temperature distribution 70. It is also an attitude a target temperature distribution Tsoll (x, y) is possible, which can be obtained, for example, from material and component-specific measured values.
- FIG. 2a shows a schematic drawing of a recording 25 of a heat radiation distribution 30 of a surface area 40 of a heated component 10 and of a radiation reference means 60, which was determined with an infrared camera 20.
- the differently hatched areas indicate different levels of heat radiation or differences in the frequency distributions.
- FIG. 2 b shows a schematic temperature distribution 70, which is obtained by evaluating the recording 25 of the heat distribution 30 of a surface area 40 of the component 10 and of the radiation reference means 60 with the infrared camera 20.
- predetermined, maximum temperature differences 1 -T 2 and temperature gradients T as low as possible should preferably be maintained.
- This setting can be made by hand or with an electronic regulating or control device.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a typical layer structure.
- a first layer 15a is applied to a component 10 using the VPS method, for example a CoCrAlY corrosion protection layer.
- a Y-stabilized ZrO 2 layer 15b (ZrO 2 + Y 2 O 3 ) serving as a thermal insulation layer is then applied.
- a roughened, clean surface of the component 10 is an important requirement.
- the component 10 can be cleaned by sputtering with negative polarity of the component 10.
- matched coefficients of thermal expansion are the
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a plasma beam source 13, a
- Conversion device 31 for converting the thermal radiation distribution 30 of the component 10 registered by the infrared camera 20 to the temperature distribution 70 and a control device 32 for setting up the plasma beam source 13 are represented by the process parameter p in accordance with the temperature distribution 70 and the target temperature distribution Tsoll (x, y).
- the plasma jet source 13 consists of two as nozzles shaped electrodes - negatively polarized cathode 8 and positively polarized anode 9 - with a high voltage u and a working gas as atmosphere. Due to high wall temperatures (approx. 3000K) at cathode 8, thermal field emission of electrons sets in. The plasma electrons are accelerated in the direction of the anode 9 by the E field.
- the working gas is heated by the arc discharge and ionized by the impact of atoms which are more than the free ion-neutral particle exchange distance from the cathode 8.
- a local arc discharge 12 'with the arc current i occurs within the electrode nozzle.
- the plasma jet 12 is de-energized. This plasma jet 12 is used for coating while supplying powder load 95 to be applied. A reduction in the supplied plasma gas flow f leads to an increase in the temperature of the plasma while the electrical power supplied remains the same.
- the stability of the arc discharge 12 'affects the entire plasma spraying process. Fluctuations in the plasma generation have a direct effect on the condition of the outflowing plasma jet 12, and thus, inter alia, also to the temperature distribution 70 of the surface area 40 of the component 10 to be coated.
- the process parameter p which is changed in the process for setting the desired temperature distribution in accordance with the determined temperature distribution 70, is, as shown above, preferably the arc current i of the arc discharge. This can be done with not very complex circuit keep constant.
- the variables responsible for a good coating quality, such as jet temperature, intensity, and homogeneity, as well as melting of the powder load 95 to be applied, depend, however, in a complex manner on the various other process parameters p required for setting the plasma jet 12.
- the voltage u mentioned above can be changed by changing the voltage between the electrodes or the emission of the electrons from the cathode 8 by increasing the heating power at the cathode 8.
- the process parameters p are not final, all process parameters p that influence the temperature distribution 70 of the component 10 can be set.
- a triggering e.g. a coordination of the recordings 25 of the infrared camera 20 with the rotation of the component 10 is shown.
- the recordings 25 of the infrared camera 20 are indicated by a displacement of the infrared camera 20 over a time line t.
- a more complex component 10 is in each case n 90 ° about its axis of rotation 105.
- the recordings 25 of the infrared camera 20 have a preferred time interval ⁇ t of integer multiples n of a quarter or eighth of the time duration t u of a complete one
- a time-dependent setting of the process parameter p can also be useful in order to achieve a slower setting of the desired temperature distribution Tsoll (x, y), for example in order to increase the occurrence of thermal stresses avoid and not to change the surface properties of the component 10.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002340930A CA2340930A1 (en) | 1998-08-18 | 1999-08-03 | Method and device for coating high temperature components by means of plasma spraying |
US09/763,081 US6537605B1 (en) | 1998-08-18 | 1999-08-03 | Method and device for coating high temperature components by means of plasma spraying |
JP2000566484A JP2002523623A (ja) | 1998-08-18 | 1999-08-03 | プラズマ溶射による高温構造部材の被覆方法及び被覆設備 |
DE59901219T DE59901219D1 (de) | 1998-08-18 | 1999-08-03 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschichtung von hochtemperaturbauteilen mittels plasmaspritzens |
EP99952248A EP1115894B1 (de) | 1998-08-18 | 1999-08-03 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschichtung von hochtemperaturbauteilen mittels plasmaspritzens |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19837400A DE19837400C1 (de) | 1998-08-18 | 1998-08-18 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung von Hochtemperaturbauteilen mittels Plasmaspritzens |
DE19837400.3 | 1998-08-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000011234A1 true WO2000011234A1 (de) | 2000-03-02 |
Family
ID=7877888
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1999/002381 WO2000011234A1 (de) | 1998-08-18 | 1999-08-03 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschichtung von hochtemperaturbauteilen mittels plasmaspritzens |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6537605B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1115894B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002523623A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2340930A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19837400C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000011234A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002070773A1 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2002-09-12 | Isis Innovation Limited | Control of deposition and other processes |
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US10060830B2 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2018-08-28 | United Technologies Corporation | In-situ system and method of determining coating integrity of turbomachinery components |
CN104175701A (zh) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-12-03 | 深圳市固诺泰科技有限公司 | 一种显示屏的粘接方法和设备 |
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US20190033138A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | United Technologies Corporation | Processes and tooling for temperature controlled plasma spray coating |
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US10908106B2 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2021-02-02 | General Electric Company | Coating analysis system |
JP7170974B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-18 | 2022-11-15 | 株式会社サタケ | 溶射装置 |
CN115350833B (zh) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-01-20 | 二重(德阳)重型装备有限公司 | 锻造喷涂检测方法及喷涂方法 |
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- 1999-08-03 JP JP2000566484A patent/JP2002523623A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-08-03 EP EP99952248A patent/EP1115894B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-03 CA CA002340930A patent/CA2340930A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002070773A1 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2002-09-12 | Isis Innovation Limited | Control of deposition and other processes |
US7290589B2 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2007-11-06 | Isis Innovation Limited | Control of deposition and other processes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2340930A1 (en) | 2000-03-02 |
DE59901219D1 (de) | 2002-05-16 |
EP1115894A1 (de) | 2001-07-18 |
JP2002523623A (ja) | 2002-07-30 |
DE19837400C1 (de) | 1999-11-18 |
EP1115894B1 (de) | 2002-04-10 |
US6537605B1 (en) | 2003-03-25 |
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