WO2000008643A1 - Substrat pregrave pour disque magnetique, magneto-optique ou optique a transition de phase, fonctionnant par enregistrement en premiere surface dans les lands, son procede de fabrication et disque obtenu - Google Patents
Substrat pregrave pour disque magnetique, magneto-optique ou optique a transition de phase, fonctionnant par enregistrement en premiere surface dans les lands, son procede de fabrication et disque obtenu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000008643A1 WO2000008643A1 PCT/FR1998/001745 FR9801745W WO0008643A1 WO 2000008643 A1 WO2000008643 A1 WO 2000008643A1 FR 9801745 W FR9801745 W FR 9801745W WO 0008643 A1 WO0008643 A1 WO 0008643A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- optical
- surface layer
- support
- magneto
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
- G11B7/261—Preparing a master, e.g. exposing photoresist, electroforming
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B11/00—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor
- G11B11/10—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field
- G11B11/105—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field using a beam of light or a magnetic field for recording by change of magnetisation and a beam of light for reproducing, i.e. magneto-optical, e.g. light-induced thermomagnetic recording, spin magnetisation recording, Kerr or Faraday effect reproducing
- G11B11/1055—Disposition or mounting of transducers relative to record carriers
- G11B11/10576—Disposition or mounting of transducers relative to record carriers with provision for moving the transducers for maintaining alignment or spacing relative to the carrier
- G11B11/10578—Servo format, e.g. prepits, guide tracks, pilot signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/007—Arrangement of the information on the record carrier, e.g. form of tracks, actual track shape, e.g. wobbled, or cross-section, e.g. v-shaped; Sequential information structures, e.g. sectoring or header formats within a track
- G11B7/00745—Sectoring or header formats within a track
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/08—Disposition or mounting of heads or light sources relatively to record carriers
- G11B7/09—Disposition or mounting of heads or light sources relatively to record carriers with provision for moving the light beam or focus plane for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the light beam relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
- G11B7/0938—Disposition or mounting of heads or light sources relatively to record carriers with provision for moving the light beam or focus plane for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the light beam relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following servo format, e.g. guide tracks, pilot signals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/90—Magnetic feature
Definitions
- Pre-etched substrate for magnetic, magneto-optical or optical phase transition disc operating by recording on the first surface in the lands, its manufacturing process and disc obtained.
- the invention relates to a pre-etched substrate for a memory disc recordable by a constraint of the magneto-optical or magnetic type or with phase transition. This stress is applied to the first surface of the substrate and not through it as is the case in traditional optical discs. In addition, this constraint will only be applied to the parts of the substrate appearing between the pre-etched areas, these parts being often called "lands" in the state of the art. It also relates to a process for manufacturing this substrate as well as to the recordable memory disc comprising this substrate or obtained by this process.
- recordable memory disks or floppy disks are widely used, for example, in the computer field as computer hard disks.
- These discs or floppy disks operate in first surface recording mode and are magnetic discs with optical guided assistance also called optical assisted magnetic discs, magneto-optical discs with optical guided assistance or phase transition optical discs. They are generally composed of a support comprising a peformatting signal and of a mono- or multilayer structure constituting the recordable memory and deposited on this support, after the etching of the preformatting in the support.
- the monolayer or multilayer structure of the recordable memory comprises a layer in which the information to be stored is recorded.
- the recording in the recordable layer is done by direct application, on the first surface, that is to say without passing through the support, of the appropriate stress.
- This constraint can be either a magnetic field, or a thermal energy provided by a light beam, or a combination of a magnetic field and a thermal energy.
- information is recorded in the recordable layer by creating zones in which the magnetic field is oriented differently (inverted) compared to the magnetic field of other zones and, in discs phase transition optics, the recording is carried out by creating zones in which the material constituting the recordable layer has undergone a phase transformation, that is to say has passed either from an amorphous structure to a crystalline structure, either from a crystal structure to an amorphous structure.
- the information is then read by detecting either different magnetic fields or differences reflectivity due to the change in structure of the material, respectively.
- the recordable layer is made of a hard magnetic material or capable of phase transitions.
- This type of disc makes it possible to achieve very large storage capacities but their performance is still limited by the alteration of the signal / noise ratio of the read signal of the preformate, also called C / N ratio, generated by the deposition of the or layers constituting the recordable memory, on the preformate etched at the start of the substrate manufacturing cycle.
- the invention aims to overcome this problem by proposing a recordable memory disc of the magneto-optical, magnetic or optical phase transition type having a signal / noise ratio of the read signal of the improved preformate and which is simpler and more simple to manufacture. economical than discs of this type currently manufactured.
- the invention provides a pre-etched substrate for a memory disc recordable by a constraint of the magneto-optical or magnetic or optical phase transition type which comprises (a) a support having on its surface a layer of a reflective material and making it possible to obtain an optically polished surface, (b) on this layer of reflective material a monolayer or multilayer structure comprising at least one layer which can be recorded by applying a magnetic, magneto type stress on the first surface of the substrate -optical or phase transition optics, the reflective material layer and the absorbent pads mono- or multi structure comprising a succession of grooves and / or pits representing a preformat signal and extending from the surface of the more than 1 • outermost layer of the structure or mono- multi-layers up to a predetermined depth of the layer of reflective material less than the thickness of this layer of reflective material, and (c) optionally a protective layer deposited on and completely covering the last layer of the mono structure - or multi-layers, the side walls of the grooves and / or micro-cuvettes
- the support and the layer of reflective material and making it possible to obtain a surface with optical polish are composed of different materials.
- the support could for example be made of glass or aluminum and the layer of reflective material and making it possible to obtain an optically polished surface could for example be made of nickel, or brass, or aluminum, or chromium or titanium nitride. .
- the support and the layer of reflective material are made of the same material.
- the support and the layer of reflective material form a single piece.
- An example of a material which can be used in this second embodiment is aluminum.
- exemplary materials constituting said at least one recordable layer are Ag-In-Sb-Te, Tb-Fe-Co, Tb-Fe-Cr, Tb-Fe-Co-Cr, Tb-Ge-Sb, Tb-Ge-In, Tb-Ge-Ag, Fe-Cr, Fe-Co or their alloys and mixtures.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a pre-etched substrate which comprises:
- a step carried out in the first place of depositing a mono- or multi-layer structure comprising at least one layer which can be recorded by application to the first surface of the substrate of a stress of the magnetic, magneto-optical or optical transition type phase, on the surface layer of a reflective material and making it possible to obtain an optical polish of a support
- a step carried out in the second place of etching a succession of grooves and / or microcuvettes representing a signal of preformatting in the monolayer or multilayer structure and in the surface layer of a reflective material, the etching extending from the outermost layer of the monolayer or multilayer structure to a predetermined depth of the surface of reflective material less than the thickness of this surface layer of reflective material
- an optional step, last performed of depositing a layer protection (11) on the surface of the last layer of the monolayer or multilayer structure.
- the step of etching the succession of microcuvettes and / or grooves representing a preformatting signal comprises the steps of:
- the support consists of a material different from that of the surface layer made of a reflective material.
- the support may be made of glass or aluminum and the surface layer of nickel, or of brass, or of aluminum, or of chromium, or of titanium ni ride.
- the support of the surface layer of reflective material are made of the same material.
- the support and the surface layer form a single piece.
- An example of a material which can be used in these two cases is aluminum.
- the invention also encompasses the magneto-optical, magnetic or optical phase transition disk which comprises the substrate pre-etched according to the invention or manufactured by the method of the invention.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view of a pre-etched substrate according to the prior art
- - Figure 2 shows an enlarged sectional view of a pre-etched and recorded substrate of the prior art, that is to say a magneto-optical, magnetic or optical phase transition disc, of the art anterior;
- - Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of an unetched, unregistered substrate according to the invention;
- FIG. 4 shows an enlarged sectional view of a pre-etched substrate according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows an enlarged sectional view of a pre-etched substrate recorded according to the invention, that is to say a memory disc recordable by a constraint of the magnetic, magneto-optical or optical type with phase transition according to l invention
- FIG. 6 shows an enlarged sectional view of a pre-etched substrate recorded according to the invention and comprising a protective layer.
- the prior art method for manufacturing a pre-etched substrate consists in etching, by any suitable means, in the surface layer denoted 2, in FIG. 1, of a support denoted 1 in FIG. 1, the desired preformatting signal;
- This preformatting signal makes it possible to ensure tracking, that is to say the tracking, centering and guiding of the reading laser beam, and possibly may contain address and clock information.
- the surface layer 2 of the support 1 comprises a succession of grooves and / or microcuvettes or pits denoted 7 in FIG. 1 representing the desired preformatting signal and a succession of flat areas or lands denoted 6 in FIG. 1.
- the surface layer 2 is made of a reflective material and making it possible to obtain a surface with optical polish.
- the layer 2 will have the function of making it possible to obtain this surface state but will also always have to perform the function of desired reflectivity.
- the layer 2 may be deposited, after etching, on the support 1, in which case the layer 2 will be as thin as possible.
- the surface layer 2 will be present or absent and will be deposited before or after etching.
- the first manufacturing step consists in etching the preformate in the support 1 or the surface layer 2 of this support 1, if the latter is present.
- the second step of the method of the prior art consists in depositing the mono- or multi-layer structure comprising at least one recordable layer denoted 4 in FIG. 1.
- a first and optional barrier layer 3 is deposited on the surface layer 2 of the support 1 comprising the successions of pits 7 and lands 6, then layer 4 is deposited which is the recordable layer proper on this barrier layer 3.
- a second and optional barrier layer 5 is then deposited on the free surface of layer 4.
- a distinctive characteristic of the pre-etched substrate of the prior art is that the external walls noted 8 in FIG. 1 of the grooves and / or microcuvettes 7 are made of the material constituting the last deposited layer of the monolayer or multilayer structure, here the material constituting layer 5, in contrast to the pre-etched substrate of the invention, as will be seen below.
- the information to be stored is then recorded in the recordable layer 4 by application of the appropriate stress through the support 1, and in the zones denoted 6 ′ of the recordable layer 4 in FIG. 2 and corresponding to the lands 6 support 1.
- the recording of the information in the recordable layer 4 is not done through the substrate, that is to say a recording on the first surface.
- the method of manufacturing a pre-etched substrate according to the invention consists, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, of depositing first and in a first step the various layers 3, 4 and 5 defined above, on the surface layer 2 of a reflective material and making it possible to obtain an optical surface polish, then after this deposition only, to etch the succession of microcuvettes and / or grooves 7 representing the desired preformatting signal.
- the walls denoted 8 of the grooves and / or microcuvettes 7, these walls 8 passing through the layers 2, 3, 4 and 5, consist solely of each of the materials constituting the layers 2, 3 , 4 and 5, in these layers 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively.
- the surface layer 2 is only present if the reflectivity and / or the surface condition of the support 1 are not satisfactory.
- the surface layer 2 therefore here also has the function of bringing the desired reflectivity and surface condition to the support 1.
- the preformatting signal is etched in the layers 3, 4 and 5 and in the surface layer 2 of the support 1, by formation of a succession of pits 7 representing this preformatting and lands signal 6.
- the depth of the pits 7 is less than the thickness of the layers 2, 3, 4 and 5. This means that the pits 7 and lands 6 are formed only and in a single operation in layers 2, 3, 4 and 5.
- the etching of the preformate is not deformed by the subsequent deposition of the layers constituting the mono- or multi-layer structure, as in the prior art.
- This direct etching in these different layers provides a substantial advantage: the signal-to-noise reading ratio of the preformate is substantially improved.
- An additional advantage of this manufacturing process is its simplification compared to the process of the prior art: with this process the different successive layers 2, 3, 4 and 5 are deposited with better homogeneity because they are each deposited on flat surfaces.
- yet another advantage of the method for manufacturing the pre-etched substrate of the invention and the pre-etched substrate itself is that they are more economical to implement and to manufacture, respectively. Indeed, in the case where the surface layer 2 is a layer distinct from the support 1, and if a bad recording of the preformatting signal is carried out, only the layers 3, 4, 5 and possibly 2 are to be eliminated, which means that one can simply redeposit on the support 1 a new succession of layers as defined above and proceed to a new etching and / or a new recording. This process is therefore more economical in the event of an incident, since the production of the support 1 represents the most expensive element during the production of a pre-etched substrate.
- the information to be stored is then recorded in the recordable layer as illustrated in FIG. 5, that is to say on the first surface of the substrate and as in the prior art.
- the information to be stored in the recordable layer 4 is recorded in the lands 6 of the recordable layer 4.
- the recordable layer 4 may be made of any suitable material.
- suitable materials are Ag-ln-Sb-Te, Tb-Fe-Co, Tb-Fe-Cr, Tb-Fe-Co-Cr, Tb-Ge-Sb, Tb-Ge-In, Tb- Ge-Ag, Fe-Cr, Fe-Co or their alloys and mixtures.
- the support 1 will be made of a material different from the surface layer 2.
- the surface layer 2 may, for example be made of glass or aluminum and the surface layer 2 may, for example be made of nickel, or of brass, or of aluminum, or of chromium, or of titanium nitride.
- the support 1 will be made of the same material as the surface layer 2 but the surface layer 2 will have been deposited on the support 1, for example by chemical coating or by spraying, to give the support 1 l 'desired surface finish.
- the support 1 when the support 1 is made of the same material as the surface layer 2 and this material is reflective and makes it possible to obtain the desired surface state, the support 1 and the surface layer 2 form a single piece. In all cases, the depth of the grooves and / or microcuvettes in the surface layer 2 (independent or forming an integral part of the support 1) will be less than the thickness of this surface layer 2.
- the actual etching of the preformate can be carried out by any suitable means but in particular by the following process:
- a layer of photosensitive resin is deposited on the last layer 5 furthest from said support 1.
- the preformatting signal is recorded, in the form of a latent image, in this layer of photosensitive resin either by the passing of a light beam modulated as a function of the preformatting signal, or, and preferably, by exposure to the photosensitive resin through a mask.
- this mask can be a holographic mask.
- the zones of exposed photosensitive resin are eliminated by any appropriate means, which leads to the creation of a series of grooves and / or microcuvettes in the layer of photosensitive resin.
- these grooves and / or microcuvettes are transferred, for example by chemical etching, in the underlying layers, into the reflective surface layer 2, if present, or the support 1, if the surface layer 2 is part integral with the support 1 but at a depth less than the thickness of the surface layer 2 or of the support 1.
- the residual photosensitive resin is eliminated by any appropriate means.
- the pre-etched substrate of the invention and its manufacturing method are not applicable for the manufacture of traditional optical discs due, inter alia, to the position of the reflective layer 6 which makes the etching of the preformat invisible to through the support 1 when the latter is transparent.
- the substrate of the invention has been described as comprising barrier layers 3 and 5, it may comprise only a recordable layer 4 or also comprise other layers, as required.
- An example of such an optional additional layer is a so-called substrate protection layer, as shown in FIG. 6 where this protection layer is denoted 11, and which has the function of protecting the substrate against any external aggression of the type exposed to the atmosphere, scratch, etc.
- This layer 11 will be made of any material that is neutral with respect to the recordable layer 4 and the tracking laser.
- This additional layer 11 will be deposited before the actual recording of the information to be stored in the recordable layer 4, and this step is part of the process for manufacturing the substrate of the invention.
- the thickness of this layer 11 can equally be such that the layer 11 will take the form of microcuvettes and / or grooves 7, or such that the layer 11 will completely fill these microcuvettes and / or grooves 7, that is to say will encapsulate the substrate.
- the support 1 may be made of any suitable material provided that it allows to obtain the necessary surface finish.
- the recordable layer 4 may be composed of other materials than those mentioned above and which make it possible to obtain a recordable memory as defined in the invention.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/744,935 US6620480B1 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 1998-08-05 | Pre-engraved substrate for magnetic, magneto-optical, or phase transition optical disc |
EP98941545A EP1103047A1 (fr) | 1998-08-05 | 1998-08-05 | Substrat pregrave pour disque magnetique, magneto-optique ou optique a transition de phase, fonctionnant par enregistrement en premiere surface dans les lands, son procede de fabrication et disque obtenu |
PCT/FR1998/001745 WO2000008643A1 (fr) | 1998-08-05 | 1998-08-05 | Substrat pregrave pour disque magnetique, magneto-optique ou optique a transition de phase, fonctionnant par enregistrement en premiere surface dans les lands, son procede de fabrication et disque obtenu |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1998/001745 WO2000008643A1 (fr) | 1998-08-05 | 1998-08-05 | Substrat pregrave pour disque magnetique, magneto-optique ou optique a transition de phase, fonctionnant par enregistrement en premiere surface dans les lands, son procede de fabrication et disque obtenu |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000008643A1 true WO2000008643A1 (fr) | 2000-02-17 |
Family
ID=9522937
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1998/001745 WO2000008643A1 (fr) | 1998-08-05 | 1998-08-05 | Substrat pregrave pour disque magnetique, magneto-optique ou optique a transition de phase, fonctionnant par enregistrement en premiere surface dans les lands, son procede de fabrication et disque obtenu |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6620480B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1103047A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000008643A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3924301B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-01 | 2007-06-06 | Tdk株式会社 | 磁気記録媒体及び磁気記録再生装置 |
US20070147348A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-06-28 | Tingting Lu | Methods, systems, and computer program products for providing location information for VoIP emergency calling |
US7719793B2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2010-05-18 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V. | Circumferentially patterned disk for longitudinal and perpendicular recording |
AU2008219354B2 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2014-02-13 | Viavi Solutions Inc. | Anisotropic magnetic flakes |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2726116A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-21 | 1996-04-26 | Atg Cygnet | Disque optique reinscriptible preformate, et procede de fabrication |
DE19542022A1 (de) * | 1994-11-14 | 1996-05-15 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Antistatische Hartbeschichtung, die ein fluorierte Seitengruppen umfassendes Polymer einschließt |
EP0724259A2 (fr) * | 1995-01-27 | 1996-07-31 | Nec Corporation | Milieu d'enregistrement optique d'information et procédé d'enregistrement, lecture et effacement optique d'information |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2511147B2 (ja) * | 1989-07-06 | 1996-06-26 | パイオニア株式会社 | 光ディスク |
JP3241560B2 (ja) * | 1995-02-24 | 2001-12-25 | ソニー株式会社 | 光学記録媒体及びその製造方法 |
FR2754576B1 (fr) | 1996-10-16 | 1998-11-27 | Rapid Sa | Ecrou a montage par clippage sur un profile |
-
1998
- 1998-08-05 WO PCT/FR1998/001745 patent/WO2000008643A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-08-05 EP EP98941545A patent/EP1103047A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-08-05 US US09/744,935 patent/US6620480B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2726116A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-21 | 1996-04-26 | Atg Cygnet | Disque optique reinscriptible preformate, et procede de fabrication |
DE19542022A1 (de) * | 1994-11-14 | 1996-05-15 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Antistatische Hartbeschichtung, die ein fluorierte Seitengruppen umfassendes Polymer einschließt |
EP0724259A2 (fr) * | 1995-01-27 | 1996-07-31 | Nec Corporation | Milieu d'enregistrement optique d'information et procédé d'enregistrement, lecture et effacement optique d'information |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1103047A1 (fr) | 2001-05-30 |
US6620480B1 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
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