WO1999064313A1 - Capuchon de distribution pour des recipients de produits liquides ou semi-liquides - Google Patents

Capuchon de distribution pour des recipients de produits liquides ou semi-liquides Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999064313A1
WO1999064313A1 PCT/IT1999/000105 IT9900105W WO9964313A1 WO 1999064313 A1 WO1999064313 A1 WO 1999064313A1 IT 9900105 W IT9900105 W IT 9900105W WO 9964313 A1 WO9964313 A1 WO 9964313A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capsule
diaphragm
container
lid
mouth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT1999/000105
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Emilio Morini
Original Assignee
Bormioli Rocco & Figlio S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bormioli Rocco & Figlio S.P.A. filed Critical Bormioli Rocco & Figlio S.P.A.
Priority to AU35333/99A priority Critical patent/AU3533399A/en
Publication of WO1999064313A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999064313A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/20—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge
    • B65D47/2018—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge comprising a valve or like element which is opened or closed by deformation of the container or closure
    • B65D47/2056—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge comprising a valve or like element which is opened or closed by deformation of the container or closure lift valve type
    • B65D47/2081—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge comprising a valve or like element which is opened or closed by deformation of the container or closure lift valve type in which the deformation raises or lowers the valve port
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2401/00—Tamper-indicating means
    • B65D2401/15—Tearable part of the closure

Definitions

  • a Dispenser Capsule for Containers of Liquid or Semiliquid Products A Dispenser Capsule for Containers of Liquid or Semiliquid Products.
  • the invention relates to a dispenser capsule for containers of liquid or semiliquid products.
  • the invention can be used in a dispenser for very dense liquids, such as shampoo, soap or liquid detergent, contained in a flagon with flexible walls, in which the product is dispensed in small doses by manually pressing the walls themselves.
  • very dense liquids such as shampoo, soap or liquid detergent
  • a dispenser capsule of a type comprising a deformable diaphragm which closes the upper mouth of a container and which exhibits a hole through which the product can exit from the container.
  • the diaphragm can be deformed outwardly of the container, generally following a manual pressure on the flexible walls of the container. This pressure is normally exerted in order to cause the liquid to exit from the container.
  • a capsule of this type is already known in the prior art, in which the diaphragm is made of an elastomer material and the hole in the diaphragm is obtained by making two crossed cuts. When the flexible walls of the container are not pressed, the diaphragm has a non-deformed configuration, convex internalwise of the container.
  • the hole is completely closed, since the lips of the cuts meet perfectly and form a seal.
  • the product can be dispensed by exerting a sufficient pressure on the flexible walls of the container, until the diaphragm suddenly pops out causing the opening of the cuts and thus exit of the product through the hole in the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm returns elastically into the initial configuration, with the hole closed.
  • the capsule will be frequently opened and closed to dispense small amounts of liquid.
  • a drawback of known capsules is that they do not guarantee against accidental exit of small quantities of product, due to various causes, such as: unintentional crushing of the flexible walls of the container; keeping the container neck-down for long periods; wear on the lips of the cross-cuts, and others.
  • a further drawback of known capsules is their relatively costly and complicated manufacturing process, especially bearing in mind the cost of the elastomer the diaphragm is made of, as well as the need for a mechanical operation to be made on the elastomer, namely in order to make the cross-cuts.
  • the main aim of the present invention is to obviate the above-mentioned drawbacks in the prior art by providing a dispenser capsule able to guarantee an effective seal against undesired seeping of product from the container.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that it provides a constructionally simple and economical capsule.
  • the capsule guarantees effective seal while using relatively cheap materials to make the diaphragm. Further, there is no need to perform mechanical operations on the diaphragm to make the hole through which the product is dispensed.
  • a further advantage is to provide a capsule which is very practical to use and gives rapid results.
  • figure 1A is a vertical-plane section of a first embodiment of the capsule of the invention, applied on the mouth of a container and illustrated in a closed configuration
  • figure IB is the capsule of figure 1A, with the lid raised and in an open configuration in which the product can be dispensed
  • figure 2A is a vertical-plane section of a second embodiment of the capsule, applied on the mouth of a container and illustrated in a closed configuration
  • figure 2B is the capsule of figure 2A, with the lid raised and in an open configuration in which the product can be dispensed
  • figure 3 A is a vertical-plane section of a third embodiment of the capsule of the invention, applied on the mouth of a container and illustrated in a closed configuration
  • figure 3B is the capsule of figure 3A, with the lid raised and in an open configuration in which the product can be dispensed
  • figure 4 is a vertical-plane section of a first embodiment of the capsule of the invention, applied on the mouth of a container and illustrated in a closed configuration
  • 1 denotes in its entirety a dispenser capsule applied on a container 2 exhibiting an upper mouth 3.
  • the container 2 and the capsule 1 together make up an assembly destined to contain a relatively dense liquid or semi-liquid product, such as shampoo, liquid soap and the like.
  • the container 2 is preferably provided with flexible walls; dispensing the liquid is done by squeezing the walls.
  • Both the container 2 and the capsule 1 are preferably made of plastic.
  • the capsule 1 comprises a deformable diaphragm 4 which closes the mouth 3 and exhibits a hole 5 through which the product can exit from the container 2.
  • the diaphragm 4 can be made of plastic, such as for example polyethylene, and can be produced by pressing.
  • the hole 5 is obtained during the pressing process so there is no need for subsequent mechanical operations.
  • the diaphragm 4 can assume a position in which it is deformed in an upwards direction, i.e. towards the outside of the container 2. In this deformed configuration, illustrated in figure IB, the diaphragm is slightly convex upwards.
  • the diaphragm 4 is constrained to a rigid body, applied on the mouth 3 of the container 2 and having a lateral skirt 6 coupled to the mouth by means of a screw connection.
  • the capsule 1 also comprises a fixed obturator 7 arranged below the diaphragm 4, for closing the hole 5.
  • the obturator 7 is connected solidly to the rigid body by a joint element with openings 8 enabling the product to pass through.
  • the joint element can be made, for example, using a perforated diaphragm, or a plurality of radial ribbings, or some other like solution.
  • the obturator 7 comprises a hollow body, elongate in a vertical direction, superiorly closed and having a lower end to which an end of the joint element with openings 8 is attached.
  • the obturator 7 comprises an annular sealing zone 7a which the edge of the diaphragm 4 can seal against.
  • the obturator 7 further exhibits a protuberance 7b which is raised centrally from the annular sealing zone 7a. The protuberance slightly narrows in an upwards direction.
  • the diaphragm 4 When the diaphragm 4 is not deformed externalwise, it contacting interacts with the fixed obturator 7 so as to close the hole 5 (see figure 1A). When the diaphragm 4 assumes the deformed position shown in figure IB, it is raised from the obturator 7 so as to open the hole 5 and allow the product to flow out.
  • the diaphragm 4 comprises a peripheral part 4a coupled to an annular lip 9 made in a single piece with the rigid body and predisposed above the part of the rigid body exhibiting the skirt 6.
  • the annular relief 9, which projects upwardly, is joint-coupled in a recess afforded on the peripheral part 4a of the diaphragm 4.
  • the diaphragm 4 further comprises an intermediate part 4b, substantially truncoconical in shape with its diameter decreasing as it progresses upwardly, and a central part 4c bearing the hole 5, which central part 4c has a relatively large surface that is more susceptible than the other parts to deformation.
  • the truncoconical intermediate part 4b has a larger-diameter bottom end connected to the peripheral part 4a and a smaller-diameter upper end connected to the periphery of the central part 4c.
  • the capsule 1 comprises a lid 10 which is removably positionable on the container 2 in a position in which it covers the diaphragm 4 and interacts with the obturator 7 to sealingly close the hole 5 (figure 1 A).
  • the lid 10 exhibits a closing element 11, preferably annular, which projects towards the bottom from the internal surface of the lid 10 itself.
  • the closing element 11 presses the edge of the diaphragm 4 delimiting the hole 5 against the obturator 7, as illustrated in figure 1A.
  • the hole 5 is closed, as it is obstructed by the closing element 11 which prevents the diaphragm 4 from being raised.
  • the surface of the lid 10 situated internally of the closing element 11 interacts contactingly with the truncoconical protuberance 7b of the obturator.
  • the lid 10 is applied on the container 2 by means of a removable coupling comprising an annular rib 12, projecting from the inside surface of the lid 10, which lodges just below the lower end of the lateral skirt 6 of the rigid body.
  • FIGS 2A and 2B illustrate a second embodiment of the invention, which comprises various elements which are basically the same as in the first embodiment, which elements retain the reference numbers used in the relative figures.
  • the lid 10 is coupled to the skirt 6 by a screw-coupling.
  • a security tear- off strip 13 is connected to the lower end of the lid 10 by easy-break ribbings.
  • the strip 13, which exhibits an annular rib 14 couplable below the skirt 6 (see figure 2A), will detach on first unscrewing of the lid 10, as shown in figure 2B.
  • the skirt 6 of the rigid body is coupled on the mouth 3 by means of a rib 15 projecting inwardly, which joints just below a corresponding projection on the mouth 3.
  • FIG. 3 A and 3B illustrate a third embodiment of the invention, which comprises various elements which are the same as in the first and second embodiments, and which retain the same reference numbers.
  • the skirt 6 is constrained to the mouth 3 as in the embodiment of figures 2 A and 2B.
  • the lid 10 functions as a security device discouraging children from trying to open the capsule.
  • the anti-intrusion lid 10 is coupled to the mouth 3 by a bayonet-type joint-coupling in which one or more teeth 17 can be inserted in relative seatings 18 afforded on a flanged part of the mouth 3.
  • the engaging and disengaging of the lid 10 are done by rotating the lid 10 itself. Raising the lid 10 and therefore the opening of the capsule are possible only when the teeth 17 are aligned with corresponding seatings 18.
  • FIGS 4A and 4B illustrate a fourth embodiment of the invention, which comprises various elements basically the same as in the first embodiment, which elements retain the reference numbers used in the relative figures.
  • the skirt 6 is constrained to the mouth 3, for example by a solid connection such as the ones illustrated in figures 2A, 2B, 3 A and 3B.
  • the lid 10 exhibits an end 19 which is hinged to a tubular support 20 constrained to the mouth 3 and at least another end 21 which is couplable, through a removable joint, to the support 20 itself. Applying and removing the lid 10 is done simply by rotating it about the hinged end 19.
  • the tubular support 20 is mounted on the mouth 3, for example through an annular rib 22 which lodges below the lower end of the skirt 6.
  • the skirt 6 and the tubular support 20 would be a single piece bearing the lid 10 and shaped so as to surround the mouth 3.
  • the lid 10 can be positioned (figures IB, 2B, 3B and 4B) in such a way that the hole 5 is closed between the obturator 7, located below the diaphragm 4, and the closing element 11, located there-above.
  • the lid 10 when mounted on the container 2, interacts contactingly with the diaphragm 4 so as to sealingly close the hole 5.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capuchon de distribution (1) qui recouvre un récipient (2). Ce dernier est pourvu d'une ouverture (3) et de parois liquides sur lesquelles il suffit d'appuyer pour assurer la distribution d'un produit liquide. Une membrane pouvant être déformée (4) referme l'ouverture (3). Cette membrane présente un orifice (5) par lequel le produit peut être distribué à partir du récipient (2). Un obturateur fixe (7) est prédisposé au-dessous de la membrane (4). Un couvercle (10) peut être positionné sur le récipient (2) de telle sorte que l'orifice (5) est fermé de manière étanche entre le couvercle (10) et l'obturateur (7). Pour distribuer le produit, le couvercle (10) se soulève, et les parois du récipient (2) sont comprimées pour amener la membrane (4) à se soulever de l'obturateur (7). Le capuchon (1) et le récipient (2) se présentent sous forme d'un emballage qui est particulièrement approprié pour renfermer un produit liquide ou semi-liquide tel que du shampooing, un détergent liquide ou similaire.
PCT/IT1999/000105 1998-06-12 1999-04-23 Capuchon de distribution pour des recipients de produits liquides ou semi-liquides WO1999064313A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU35333/99A AU3533399A (en) 1998-06-12 1999-04-23 A dispenser capsule for containers of liquid or semiliquid products

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1998MO000129A IT1305478B1 (it) 1998-06-12 1998-06-12 Capsula erogatrice per contenitori di prodotti liquidi o semiliquidi
ITMO98A000129 1998-06-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999064313A1 true WO1999064313A1 (fr) 1999-12-16

Family

ID=11386669

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IT1999/000105 WO1999064313A1 (fr) 1998-06-12 1999-04-23 Capuchon de distribution pour des recipients de produits liquides ou semi-liquides

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU3533399A (fr)
IT (1) IT1305478B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999064313A1 (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2846945A1 (fr) * 2002-11-04 2004-05-14 Owens Illinois Closure Inc Dispositif de fermeture pour distribution de fluide a fermeture automatique.
EP1429970A2 (fr) * 2001-08-31 2004-06-23 Sonoco Development, Inc. Soupape souple par pression
DE10303605A1 (de) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-19 Gaplast Gmbh Einwegventileinrichtung
FR2857887A1 (fr) * 2003-07-21 2005-01-28 Rexam Services Embout surmoule pour distributeur de produits cosmetiques et son procede de fabrication
EP1834890A1 (fr) * 2006-03-14 2007-09-19 Young Kwang Byun Conteneur en forme de tube pour articles cosmétiques pour décharger une cosmétique en forme de crème
FR2937018A1 (fr) * 2008-10-15 2010-04-16 Rexam Pharma La Verpilliere Dispositif de distribution de liquide muni d'un organe d'etancheite deplacable sous l'effet de la pression d'un utilisateur
EP2702893A1 (fr) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-05 Kao Germany GmbH Soupape, cuvette pour recevoir et/ou mélanger des fluides, utilisation d'une cuvette et procédé pour recevoir et/ou mélanger des fluides
KR101395878B1 (ko) 2013-12-30 2014-05-16 배창국 2중 플라스틱용기 캡조립체
FR3014086A1 (fr) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-05 Albea Le Treport Systeme de distribution d’un produit fluide contenu dans un recipient
WO2015088848A1 (fr) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-18 Amneal Pharmaceuticals Llc Applicateur pour appliquer un fluide sur une surface
EP2923964A1 (fr) * 2014-03-25 2015-09-30 Albéa le Tréport Système de distribution d'un produit fluide conditionné dans un réservoir
WO2015149160A1 (fr) * 2014-04-04 2015-10-08 Isλmi Vision Inc. Fermetures à valve
EP3564147A1 (fr) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-06 Aptar Radolfzell GmbH Distributeur de liquide pourvu d'un réservoir à liquide compressible
WO2020249403A1 (fr) * 2019-06-13 2020-12-17 B. Braun Melsungen Ag Récipient de dosage pour des matières sous forme de gel ou pâteuses, en particulier pour des gels médicaux pour les plaies
EP4242130A3 (fr) * 2019-08-15 2023-10-11 Obrist Closures Switzerland GmbH Bouchon

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3618825A (en) * 1969-12-15 1971-11-09 Robert E Clarke Closure for dispensing spout
US4349134A (en) * 1980-09-09 1982-09-14 Ahk Alkohol Handelskontor Gmbh Valved, resilient-walled container for safely dispensing flammable liquids
US4699300A (en) * 1985-10-25 1987-10-13 Blake William S Two piece dispensing closure with positive shutoff
US4798311A (en) * 1984-08-23 1989-01-17 Hafina Treufinanz Ag Container provided with a closure
WO1995026306A1 (fr) * 1994-03-25 1995-10-05 S Design Udo Suffa Gmbh Dispositif de fermeture

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3618825A (en) * 1969-12-15 1971-11-09 Robert E Clarke Closure for dispensing spout
US4349134A (en) * 1980-09-09 1982-09-14 Ahk Alkohol Handelskontor Gmbh Valved, resilient-walled container for safely dispensing flammable liquids
US4798311A (en) * 1984-08-23 1989-01-17 Hafina Treufinanz Ag Container provided with a closure
US4699300A (en) * 1985-10-25 1987-10-13 Blake William S Two piece dispensing closure with positive shutoff
WO1995026306A1 (fr) * 1994-03-25 1995-10-05 S Design Udo Suffa Gmbh Dispositif de fermeture

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1429970A4 (fr) * 2001-08-31 2009-03-18 Sonoco Dev Inc Soupape souple par pression
EP1429970A2 (fr) * 2001-08-31 2004-06-23 Sonoco Development, Inc. Soupape souple par pression
FR2846945A1 (fr) * 2002-11-04 2004-05-14 Owens Illinois Closure Inc Dispositif de fermeture pour distribution de fluide a fermeture automatique.
DE10303605A1 (de) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-19 Gaplast Gmbh Einwegventileinrichtung
FR2857887A1 (fr) * 2003-07-21 2005-01-28 Rexam Services Embout surmoule pour distributeur de produits cosmetiques et son procede de fabrication
WO2005018374A1 (fr) * 2003-07-21 2005-03-03 Rexam Services Embout surmoule pour distributeur de produits liquides et son procede de fabrication
EP1834890A1 (fr) * 2006-03-14 2007-09-19 Young Kwang Byun Conteneur en forme de tube pour articles cosmétiques pour décharger une cosmétique en forme de crème
FR2937018A1 (fr) * 2008-10-15 2010-04-16 Rexam Pharma La Verpilliere Dispositif de distribution de liquide muni d'un organe d'etancheite deplacable sous l'effet de la pression d'un utilisateur
US8794490B2 (en) 2008-10-15 2014-08-05 Rexam Healthcare La Verpilliere Liquid dispensing device equipped with a sealing component moveable under the effect of pressure by a user
EP2702893A1 (fr) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-05 Kao Germany GmbH Soupape, cuvette pour recevoir et/ou mélanger des fluides, utilisation d'une cuvette et procédé pour recevoir et/ou mélanger des fluides
WO2014033226A1 (fr) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-06 Kao Germany Gmbh Vanne, cuve destinée à recevoir et/ou à mélanger des fluides, utilisation d'une cuve et procédé permettant de recevoir et/ou de mélanger des fluides
US9924773B2 (en) 2012-08-31 2018-03-27 Kao Germany Gmbh Valve, bowl for receiving and/or mixing fluids, use of a bowl and method for receiving and/or mixing fluids
EP2881334B1 (fr) 2013-12-04 2016-10-12 Albéa le Tréport Système de distribution d'un produit fluide contenu dans un récipient
FR3014086A1 (fr) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-05 Albea Le Treport Systeme de distribution d’un produit fluide contenu dans un recipient
EP2881334A1 (fr) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-10 Albéa le Tréport Système de distribution d'un produit fluide contenu dans un récipient
US10052467B2 (en) 2013-12-09 2018-08-21 Amneal Pharmaceuticals Llc Applicator for applying a fluid to a surface
US9227044B2 (en) 2013-12-09 2016-01-05 Amneal Pharmaceuticals Llc Applicator for applying a fluid to a surface
WO2015088848A1 (fr) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-18 Amneal Pharmaceuticals Llc Applicateur pour appliquer un fluide sur une surface
CN105848706A (zh) * 2013-12-09 2016-08-10 阿姆内尔医药品有限责任公司 用于向表面涂敷流体的涂敷器
KR101395878B1 (ko) 2013-12-30 2014-05-16 배창국 2중 플라스틱용기 캡조립체
EP2923964A1 (fr) * 2014-03-25 2015-09-30 Albéa le Tréport Système de distribution d'un produit fluide conditionné dans un réservoir
US9757749B2 (en) 2014-03-25 2017-09-12 Albea Le Treport System for distributing a fluid product which is packaged in a tank
CN104960751A (zh) * 2014-03-25 2015-10-07 阿贝尔勒特雷波尔公司 用于分配封装在罐体中的流体产品的系统
FR3019067A1 (fr) * 2014-03-25 2015-10-02 Albea Le Treport Systeme de distribution d'un produit fluide conditionne dans un reservoir
WO2015149160A1 (fr) * 2014-04-04 2015-10-08 Isλmi Vision Inc. Fermetures à valve
WO2019211032A1 (fr) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-07 Aptar Radolfzell Gmbh Distributeur de liquide comprenant un réservoir de liquide pouvant être compressé
EP3564147A1 (fr) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-06 Aptar Radolfzell GmbH Distributeur de liquide pourvu d'un réservoir à liquide compressible
CN112041237A (zh) * 2018-05-03 2020-12-04 阿普塔尔拉多尔夫策尔有限责任公司 具有能挤压的液体储存器的液体分配器
KR20210008012A (ko) * 2018-05-03 2021-01-20 압타르 라돌프쩰 게엠베하 압축성 액체 저장용기를 가진 액체 디스펜서
US11661244B2 (en) 2018-05-03 2023-05-30 Aptar Radolfzell Gmbh Liquid dispenser having compressible liquid store
KR102563087B1 (ko) * 2018-05-03 2023-08-02 압타르 라돌프?f 게엠베하 압축성 액체 저장용기를 가진 액체 디스펜서
WO2020249403A1 (fr) * 2019-06-13 2020-12-17 B. Braun Melsungen Ag Récipient de dosage pour des matières sous forme de gel ou pâteuses, en particulier pour des gels médicaux pour les plaies
EP4242130A3 (fr) * 2019-08-15 2023-10-11 Obrist Closures Switzerland GmbH Bouchon

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3533399A (en) 1999-12-30
ITMO980129A1 (it) 1999-12-12
IT1305478B1 (it) 2001-05-09

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