WO1999062959A1 - Procede de polymerisation - Google Patents
Procede de polymerisation Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999062959A1 WO1999062959A1 PCT/JP1999/002926 JP9902926W WO9962959A1 WO 1999062959 A1 WO1999062959 A1 WO 1999062959A1 JP 9902926 W JP9902926 W JP 9902926W WO 9962959 A1 WO9962959 A1 WO 9962959A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling atom transfer radical polymerization.
- Living radical polymerization is a radical polymerization in which the activity of the polymerization terminal is maintained without loss.
- living polymerization refers to polymerization in which the terminal is always active.However, in general, pseudo-living polymerization in which the terminal is inactivated and the activated one is in equilibrium is also used. included. The definition in the present invention is also the latter.
- various groups have been actively studying living radical polymerization. Examples thereof include those using a radical scavenger such as a cobalt borfurin complex (J. Am. Chem. Soc.
- Atom transfer radical polymerization generally uses an organic halide or a sulfonyl halide compound as an initiator, and uses a group 7, 8, 9, 10, 10 or 11 element as a central metal in the periodic table. It is polymerized using a metal complex as a catalyst.
- the polymerization rate is generally very high, and radical polymerization is liable to cause a termination reaction such as force coupling between radicals.
- the polymerization proceeds in a living manner and the molecular weight distribution is narrow (MwZMn l. 1-1.5) A polymer is obtained, and the molecular weight can be freely controlled by the charging ratio of the monomer and the initiator.
- the term “molecular weight distribution” refers to a value of a ratio of a weight average molecular weight and a number average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography.
- Some catalysts used for atom transfer radical polymerization completely dissolve in the polymerization system and become homogeneous, but many are not completely dissolved and are used in a heterogeneous system.
- the polymerization system is usually heterogeneous.
- As a device for making this a homogeneous system there is a method of substituting an alkyl group on the pyridine ring of biviridyl, and it has been reported that substituting a 1-butylpentyl group or the like results in a uniform system.
- aliphatic polyamines such as pentamethylethylentriamine, which are inexpensive and industrially available, are also effective ligands in place of the biviridyl ligands.
- this ligand is used, the polymerization system is not completely homogeneous.
- the initiation of atom transfer radical polymerization is carried out by mixing a solvent for a monomer Z catalyst and finally adding an initiator.
- a liquid initiator When a liquid initiator is used, it can be easily added by a syringe or the like, and even when it is a solid, it can be dissolved in a solvent and added in the same manner. Since the polymerization is started immediately after the initiator is added, it is necessary to add the initiator at once to obtain a polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution. However, when the initiator is added all at once and the polymerization is started immediately, a large amount of heat tends to be generated. This heat is very dangerous when scaling up.
- the polymerization activity at the growth terminal is maintained from the beginning to the end of the polymerization, and as a result, the polymerization rate has an almost linear relationship with the monomer concentration.
- the amount of monomer polymerized per unit time is the largest in the initial stage, and gradually decreases as the monomer is consumed. I will do it.
- a similar problem occurs in the semi-batch polymerization method in which monomers are added sequentially or continuously afterwards. is there.
- the growth terminal and the concentration of the catalyst are the highest in the initial stage, and are diluted by the accumulation of the produced polymer.
- the amount of monomer polymerized per unit time is the largest in the initial stage and decreases gradually as in the batch method. Since the amount of monomer to be polymerized per unit time determines the calorific value, in industrial polymerization, it is very important to control and stabilize this calorific value.
- a large amount of heat is usually generated in the early stage for the above-mentioned reason, and this is an obstacle to scale-up and structural control of the product.
- the present invention solves problems such as difficulty in adjusting the polymerization rate due to the sedimentation of the catalyst and the change in the amount of the catalyst in atom transfer radical polymerization, in which terminal halogen groups remain at a high rate, and provides easy and safe polymerization It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for initiating the polymerization, a method for controlling the polymerization rate, and a method for improving the polymerization method. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention is characterized in that the atom transfer radical polymerization of a vinyl monomer is performed under at least one condition selected from the group consisting of the following (1), (2), (3) and (4). It is a polymerization method.
- Atom transfer radical polymerization involves an equilibrium reaction consisting of an initiator, a growth terminal, and a transition metal complex catalyst.Basically, a radical is generated at the growth terminal, and the radical is polymerized. Radical polymerization. Generally, industrially, radical polymerization is carried out in water, such as emulsion polymerization or dispersion polymerization. As can be seen, water is not affected. The literature and patents show that emulsion polymerization / dispersion polymerization is also possible in atom transfer radical polymerization. Furthermore, although there is a statement that adding water to the polymerization system is not a problem, there is no report that water should not be added.
- the success or failure of the polymerization control is usually judged based on the number average molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution, and the remaining ratio of the terminal group is hardly quantified, and is hardly discussed.
- Bulk polymerization is also possible for atom transfer radical polymerization.In the literature etc., examples using distilled monomers are also disclosed, but the total water content and terminal group residual ratio including catalyst and initiator are also disclosed. Is not mentioned, especially when a solvent is used.
- nitrile compounds has the effect of improving catalyst diffusivity due to the coordination force of the transition metal compound.
- the above effects obtained by the present invention are different from the effects obtained by using only a polar solvent.
- the use of a polar solvent generally improves the solubility of the catalyst.However, when the amount of the solvent is reduced, the polarity of the entire system decreases, the solubility decreases, and the reaction rate decreases. (Macromolecules, 1998, 31, 1, 1535).
- the addition of the nitrile compound of the present invention is effective even with a small amount of addition, and does not merely improve the solubility of the catalyst, but rather enhances the catalyst wall which becomes a heterogeneous system.
- this technology uses a metal complex before addition of a ligand in the polymerization initiation by adding a catalyst ligand described below. -It is also effective in increasing the diffusivity of salt.
- the metal complex (salt) before the addition of the ligand often has poorer solubility and diffusivity than the metal complex serving as the catalyst, and the metal complex (salt) before the addition of the ligand is the inner wall. If the ligand is fixed, complex formation may not be possible immediately even if the ligand is added. In order to prevent this, it is effective to add the nitrile compound described above.
- a method of changing the catalyst activity a method of adding a catalyst and a method of adding a ligand of a transition metal complex to be a catalyst in the same manner as in the above-described initiation reaction are proposed.
- the transition metal complex serving as the catalyst of the present invention a copper complex is preferable, and as a solvent or an additive, it is preferable to add a complex which forms a complex with the transition metal but has no catalytic activity.
- FIG. 1 is a graph of the amount of monomer added, the amount remaining, and the amount consumed in Example 7 over time.
- FIG. 2 is a graph of the amount of monomer added, the amount remaining, and the amount of consumption in Example 8 versus time.
- FIG. 3 is a graph of the amount of monomer added, the amount remaining, and the amount of consumption in Comparative Example 4 with respect to time.
- the “living radical polymerization method” is a radical polymerization method that is difficult to control because the polymerization rate is high and the termination reaction due to coupling between radicals is likely to occur. However, the termination reaction hardly occurs and the molecular weight distribution is narrow ( (MwZMn is about 1.1 to 1.5) A polymer can be obtained, and the molecular weight can be freely controlled by the charging ratio of the monomer and the initiator.
- the "living radical polymerization method” can obtain a polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution and a low viscosity, and can introduce a monomer having a specific functional group into almost any position of the polymer. It is more preferable as a method for producing the vinyl polymer having the specific functional group.
- the "atom transfer radical polymerization method” in which an organic halide or a sulfonyl halide compound is used as an initiator and a vinyl monomer is polymerized using a transition metal complex as a catalyst is the above-mentioned "living radical polymerization method".
- the vinyl polymer having a specific functional group has a halogen, etc. at the terminal that is relatively advantageous for the functional group conversion reaction, and has a high degree of freedom in designing initiators and catalysts. It is more preferable as a method for producing the above.
- WO 96Z30421 in addition to the above-mentioned documents, for example, WO 96Z30421, WO 97-18247, WO 98 01480, WO 98Z40415, JP 9-208616, JP-A-8-41117 is an example.
- a general initiator for free radical polymerization such as peroxide and copper (II) "Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization" in which a complex in a high oxidation state of a conventional atom transfer radical polymerization catalyst such as described above is combined is also included in atom transfer radical polymerization.
- the vinyl monomer used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and various types can be used.
- these preferable monomers may be copolymerized with other monomers. In such a case, it is preferable that these preferable monomers are contained in a weight ratio of 40% or more.
- an organic halide eg, an ester compound having a halogen at the ⁇ -position or a compound having a halogen at the benzyl position
- a sulfonyl halide compound is generally used as an initiator.
- a group instead of halogen may be used.
- C 6 H 5 is a phenyl group
- X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, X Is chlorine, bromine, or iodine)
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- X is chlorine, bromine or iodine
- an organic halide or a sulfonyl halide compound having a functional group other than the functional group that initiates the polymerization can also be used.
- a vinyl polymer having a functional group at one main chain terminal and a halogen group at the other main chain terminal is produced.
- a functional group include an alkenyl group, a crosslinkable silyl group, a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, an amino group, and an amide group.
- the organic halide having an alkenyl group is not limited, and examples thereof include those having a structure represented by the general formula (1).
- R 3 is hydrogen or a methyl group
- R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen or a monovalent alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, or mutually linked at the other end.
- R 6 is one C (O) O— (ester group), — C ( ⁇ )-(keto group), or o_, m—, p-phenylene group
- R 7 is a direct bond, Or a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may contain one or more ether bonds, where X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine
- R 4 and R 5 include hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, and hexyl.
- R 4 and R 5 may be linked at the other end to form a cyclic skeleton.
- X is chlorine, bromine or iodine
- n represents an integer of 0 ⁇ 20
- m CH CH 2
- X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine
- n is an integer of 1 to 20
- m is an integer of 0 to 20.
- X is chlorine, bromine or iodine
- n represents 0 to 20 integer,
- o m, p -XCH 2 -C 6 H 4 - (CH 2) n - O- (CH 2)
- m - CH CH 2, o , m, p- CH 3 C (H) (X) - C 6 H 4 - (CH 2) n -
- n _CH CH 2 ,
- X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine
- n is an integer of 0 to 20
- Examples of the organic halide having an alkenyl group further include a compound represented by the general formula (2).
- H 2 C C (R 3 ) — R 6 _C (R 4 ) (X) — R 8 -R 5 (2)
- R 8 is a direct bond, — C ( ⁇ ) 0- (ester group), —C (O) — (keto group ) Or or o-, m-, p-phenylene group)
- R 6 is a direct bond or a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (which may contain one or more ether bonds). If the bond is a direct bond, the halogen-bonded carbon Is a halogenated arylated compound. In this case, since the carbon-halogen bond is activated by the adjacent vinyl group, it is not necessary to have a C ( ⁇ ) ⁇ group or a phenylene group as R 8. Good.
- R 8 is preferably a C ( ⁇ ) ⁇ group, a C (O) group, or a phenylene group in order to activate a carbon-halogen bond.
- X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine
- R is an alkyl group, aryl group, or aralkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine
- n is an integer of 0 to 20.
- the organic halide having a crosslinkable silyl group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those having a structure represented by the general formula (3).
- R 9 and R 1 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, Or (R ') 3 S
- R ' is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and three R's may be the same or different), and represents a triorganosiloxy group represented by And, when R 9 or R 1 Q there are two or more, they may be the same or may be made different.
- Y represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group, and when two or more Ys are present, they may be the same or different.
- a indicates 0, 1, 2, or 3
- b indicates 0, 1, or 2.
- m is an integer from 0 to 19. However, it satisfies that a + mb ⁇ l)
- X is chlorine, bromine, iodine
- n is an integer of 0 to 20,
- X is chlorine, bromine, iodine, n is an integer of 1-20, m is an integer of 0-20)
- organic halide having a crosslinkable silyl group examples include those having a structure represented by the general formula (4).
- X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine
- R is an alkyl group, aryl group, or aralkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the organic halide having a hydroxyl group or the sulfonyl halide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following.
- X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine
- R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, and n is an integer of 1 to 20).
- the halide or the sulfonyl halide compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following.
- X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine
- R is a hydrogen atom or carbon
- the alkyl halide, aryl group, aralkyl group, and n are an integer of 1 to 20.
- the organic halide having the epoxy group or the sulfonyl halide compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following. Is done.
- X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine
- R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group
- n is an integer of 1 to 20.
- R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- C 6 H 4 represents a phenylene group; n is 0
- X represents chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
- R represents an alkyl group, the number 6 to 20 Ariru group carbon or carbon atoms? Represents a ⁇ 20 Ararukiru group.
- C 6 H 4 is phenylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- N is 0 Represents an integer of up to 20.
- X represents chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
- the transition metal complex used as a catalyst for atom transfer radical polymerization is not particularly limited, and those described in PCTZ US 96/17780 can be used. You. Of these, complexes of zero-valent copper, monovalent copper, divalent ruthenium, divalent iron or divalent nickel are preferable. Of these, copper complexes are preferred. Specific examples of monovalent copper compounds include cuprous chloride, cuprous bromide, cuprous iodide, cuprous cyanide, cuprous oxide, cuprous perchlorate, etc. is there. Moreover, divalent salts of ruthenium tris triphenyl phosphine complex (RuC 1 2 (PPh 3) 3) is also preferable as a catalyst.
- RuC 1 2 (PPh 3) 3 divalent salts of ruthenium tris triphenyl phosphine complex
- ruthenium compound When a ruthenium compound is used as a catalyst, aluminum alkoxides are added as an activator. Furthermore, divalent Bisutori phenylpropyl phosphine complexes of iron (F e C l 2 (PPh 3) 2), 2 -valent piston riff enyl phosphine complexes of nickel (N i C 1 2 (PP h 3) 2), and , divalent bis tributylphosphine complex nickel (N i B r 2 (PBu 3) 2) are also good suitable as a catalyst.
- the ligand described in PCTZUS 96/17780 can be used as the ligand.
- amine-based ligands are preferred, and preferably bipyridyl compounds such as 2,2′-biviridyl and derivatives thereof, 1,10-phenanthroline and derivatives thereof, hexamethyltriethylenetetraamine, It is a ligand such as an aliphatic amine such as bispicolylamine, trialkylamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, penmethylmethylethylenetriamine, or hexamethyl (2-aminoethyl) amine.
- polyamine compounds in particular, aliphatic polyamines such as penmethylmethylethylenetriamine and hexamethyl (2-aminoethyl) amine are preferred.
- a copper compound is used as a catalyst.
- a polyamine compound, a pyridine compound, or an aliphatic amine compound is used as the ligand in this case, it is preferable that these ligands have three or more amino groups.
- the amino group in the present invention represents a group having a nitrogen-carbon atom bond, and among these, a group in which a nitrogen atom is bonded only to a carbon atom and Z or a hydrogen atom is preferable.
- the disappearance of the terminal octalogene group is also affected by the basicity in the polymerization system, so when amines, especially aliphatic amines are used as ligands, The effect of the present invention is great.
- the catalyst may be added to the polymerization apparatus in the form of a complex having catalytic activity, or it may be added before the catalyst.
- -It is permissible to mix and complex the precursor transition metal compound and the ligand in a polymerization apparatus.
- this complexing operation involves adding an initiator. Done before.
- the ligand is added to the polymerization system after the addition of the initiator, and is complexed with a transition metal compound which is a precursor of the catalyst, thereby exhibiting catalytic activity and initiating polymerization. And Z or controlling the catalytic activity.
- the conventional method for initiating atom transfer radical polymerization in which an initiator is added after the formation of the complex also requires the complex precursor transition metal compound and the nitrile-based compound to be used. It is preferable to mix the complex before the ligand, because the dispersibility of the complex is enhanced.
- the amount of ligand used as described above is determined by the number of transition metal coordination sites and the number of ligand coordinating groups under ordinary conditions of atom transfer radical polymerization, and is almost equal. It is set as follows. For example, the amount of 2,2'-bipyridyl and its derivative added to CuBr is usually twice the molar ratio, and that of pennomethylethylenamine is one-fold.
- the polymerization is initiated by adding a ligand, and when the catalyst activity is controlled by adding a ligand or a ligand, the metal atom is not particularly limited, but the metal atom is added to the ligand. The excess is preferred.
- the ratio between the coordination site and the coordinating group is preferably at least 1.2 times, more preferably at least 1.4 times, particularly preferably at least 1.6 times, particularly preferably at least 2 times. It is.
- a similar effect can be obtained by using a transition metal complex in which a nitrile compound is coordinated from the beginning as the transition metal compound of the catalyst precursor instead of adding the nitrile compound.
- a complex is not particularly limited.However, a transition metal compound is added to a state in which the nitrile compound is present in excess to coordinate the nitrile compound, and the excess nitrile compound is removed.
- Examples of the complex obtained by In addition, CuBr (NC-R) n, CuC1 (NC-R) n (where R is a monovalent organic group such as methyl, and n is an integer of 1 or more) are also exemplified. .
- the polymerization of the present invention can be carried out without a solvent or in various solvents.
- solvent for example, hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and toluene; ether solvents such as getyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, diphenyl ether, anisol and dimethoxybenzene; halogens such as methylene chloride, chloroform and benzene.
- Hydrocarbonated solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone; Alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol; Examples include nitrile solvents such as tolyl, propionitrile, and benzonitrile; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; and carbonate solvents such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- aprotic solvents are preferred.
- a highly polar solvent generally has a high water absorption and tends to have a fast terminal elimination reaction
- the polymerization under dehydration conditions of the present invention is more effective.
- a solvent having a relative dielectric constant of 10 or more at 25 ° C. is used as a reference.
- the nitrile compound proposed to be used as an additive in the present invention may be used as a solvent.
- the substantial dehydration condition of the present invention is preferably such that the water content is 100 ppm or less in the whole polymerization system, more preferably 300 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 5 ppm or less. 0 ppm or less.
- the viewpoint of the ratio of the terminal halogen groups to the water content is also important, and the water content is equal to or less than the terminal halogen groups. It is more preferably at most 50%, particularly preferably at most 10%.
- the nitrile compound used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but the following compounds are exemplified. Acetonitrile, propionitrile, petyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, noreronitrile, isovaleronitrile, 2-methylvaleronitrile, trimethylacetonitrile, hexanenitrile, 4-methylvaleronitrile, heptyl cyanide, octyl cyanide, octyl cyanide, octyl cyanide, octyl cyanide Cyanide, Penyu Decannitrile, Stearonitrile, Malononitrile, Succinonitrile, Glutaronitrile, 2-Methyldalonitrile, 1,4-Dicianobutane, 1,5-Dicyanopentane, 1,6-Dicyanohexane, Azelanitritol, sebaconitrile, 1,1,3,3—saturated aliphatic nitrile
- the amount of the nitrile compound added to the polymerization system is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and further preferably 10% or less by volume ratio of the whole polymerization system. , And particularly preferably 5% or less.
- the amount of addition may be specified by the molar ratio with the transition metal atom. Although not particularly limited, it is preferably at least 4 times, at most 100 times, more preferably at most 30 times, particularly preferably at most 10 times, to the transition metal atom. If it is less than 4 times, the effect may not be sufficient.
- the method of controlling the catalytic activity of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a method of additionally adding the complex itself as a catalyst after the initiation of polymerization, and a method of forming a complex with a ligand to become a catalyst, A method in which a metal compound with no or low catalytic activity is added to the system in the initial stage in excess of the ligand, and then the ligand is added later. That is, a method of controlling the polymerization rate by additionally adding a ligand of the metal complex of the polymerization catalyst after the initiation of the polymerization, thereby changing the activity of the catalyst during the polymerization. Of these, the latter is preferred, although not limited.
- the latter is preferred because the catalyst complex is often heterogeneous and can be difficult to control and add.
- the catalyst complex and the ligand may be added alone or in the form of a solution or dispersion of an appropriate solvent.
- the timing of adding these compounds is not particularly limited. It may be added continuously, or may be added in portions.
- the amount to be added is not particularly limited, but when a ligand is added, even if it is added beyond coordination saturation with respect to the catalytic metal atom, no further improvement in activity can be expected.
- the metal compound is in excess with respect to the final amount of the ligand added. Although the metal compound may be added later, it is preferable in terms of the process to add a necessary whole amount from the beginning.
- the polymerization rate generally has a linear relationship to the amount of catalyst, a linear relationship to the amount of growing ends, and a linear relationship to the amount of monomers. Is believed to be. Therefore, although not particularly limited, for example, in a batch polymerization, when the polymerization amount of the monomer per unit time is to be constant, the amount of the catalyst is adjusted so that the product of the remaining amount of the monomer and the amount of the active catalyst is constant. It will be good if it adjusts.
- the total volume increases with the addition of monomers, and the concentration of the catalyst and the growth terminal decreases.
- the final polymerization rate becomes favorable so that the final polymerization rate becomes favorable.
- the required amount of catalyst is calculated so that the product of the catalyst concentration and the growth terminal concentration at this time is equal to the product of the catalyst concentration and the growth terminal concentration at each point during the monomer addition. It is possible that
- the polymerization is not particularly limited, but can be carried out in the range of 0 to 200, and preferably in the range of room temperature to 15 Ot :.
- the polymerization atmosphere is not particularly limited, but is preferably an oxygen-free atmosphere. Radicals are affected by oxygen, and in the presence of oxygen, the catalyst is oxidized and becomes active. May lose.
- the polymerization mixture is well stirred.
- the catalytic metal complex or ligand is added, sufficient stirring is preferable for prompt and uniform diffusion.
- the polymerization method can be applied to batch polymerization, semi-batch polymerization in which a monomer is added, continuous polymerization, and the like.
- the method of the present invention has an effect of giving a polymer in which a terminal halogen group remains at a high rate.
- the fact that the terminal halogen group remains at a high rate generally means that the residual rate of the halogen group is at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 80%.
- the residual ratio of the terminal halogen group often becomes a problem when the polymerization rate of the monomer is high.
- the polymerization rate (the amount of monomer polymerized per unit time) is sufficiently fast, and the disappearance of the terminal group, which is a competitive reaction, is not so conspicuous, but when the polymerization rate increases, the polymerization rate increases.
- the disappearance of the terminal group becomes conspicuous.
- the number average molecular weight, the molecular weight distribution, etc. are not so greatly affected, and are often overlooked.
- the method of the present invention is more effective at a high polymerization rate, and preferably has a monomer polymerization rate of 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more in terms of moles.
- a polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution represented by a ratio of a weight average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography to a number average molecular weight is generally obtained.
- the molecular weight distribution is generally less than 1.8, preferably less than 1.5, more preferably less than 1.2, particularly preferably less than 1.15.
- the method of the present invention can be used not only for polymerization at a laboratory level but also for a larger scale.
- the volume of the entire polymerization system is 1 L or more, and It is preferably at least 10 L, particularly preferably at least 1000 L.
- These four conditions found by the present invention; (1) substantially dehydration conditions, and / or (2) in the presence of a nitrile compound, and Z or (3) a polymerization catalyst ligand Addition to initiate polymerization, and Z or (4) Controlling the polymerization rate by changing the activity of the catalyst during polymerization are effective methods for controlling atom transfer radical polymerization by themselves. Each has a close involvement, and combining them can have a greater effect.
- the polymer having a high rate of halogen groups at the terminal produced by the method of the present invention can be introduced as it is or by introducing various functional groups such as hydroxyl group, alkenyl group and silyl group by various conversion reactions, It can be used for compositions and the like.
- number average molecular weight and “molecular weight distribution (ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight)” were calculated by a standard polystyrene conversion method using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). However, a polystyrene cross-linked gel was used as the GPC column, and chromatoform was used as the GPC solvent. The water content in the system was measured by Karl Fischer titration. The amount of terminal functional groups was determined using — NMR.
- the reaction mixture was treated with activated alumina to remove the catalyst, the solvent and residual monomers were distilled off by heating under reduced pressure.
- the sample obtained after 300 minutes had a conversion of 67%, the number average molecular weight of the produced polymer was 1,600,000 by GPC measurement (polystyrene conversion), and the molecular weight distribution was 1.10.
- the residual ratio of the functional group based on the initiator was 0.8.
- the final product had a polymerization rate of 84%, a number average molecular weight of 211,500, a molecular weight distribution of 1.12, and a functional group residual rate of 0.7.
- the amount of water contained in this polymerization system was 14% (120 ppm) with respect to the terminal.
- the polymerization rate was 84%
- the number average molecular weight was 4,700
- the molecular weight distribution was 1.40
- the residual ratio of functional groups was 1.90.
- the final product has a conversion of 99%, a number average molecular weight of 5,400 and a molecular weight distribution of 1.3.
- the residual ratio of the functional groups was 1.73.
- Figure 1 shows a graph of the amount of monomer added, the amount remaining, and the amount consumed, versus time. It is evident that butyl acrylate was consumed with the addition and that the remaining amount was well controlled.
- the number average molecular weight based on polystyrene by gel permeation chromatography of the product increased as set in proportion to the amount of monomer consumed.
- the remaining amount was 1.8 per molecule.
- the highest internal temperature throughout the polymerization was +4 bath temperature, which, combined with the above results, clearly indicates that the polymerization rate was very well controlled.
- the number average molecular weight based on polystyrene by gel permeation chromatography of the product increased as set in proportion to the amount of monomer consumed.
- the polymerization scale was larger than that of Example 7, the internal temperature was maintained at +8 or lower bath temperature throughout the entire polymerization, and it was clear that the polymerization rate was very well controlled in conjunction with the above results. is there.
- the reaction mixture showed no catalyst adhesion to the vessel wall until the end, and was agitated by stirring. One diffusion was maintained.
- Ethyl) amine (16 wL, 0.0699 mmo 1) was added in small portions. After 310 minutes, heating was stopped. At this time, the consumption rate of butyl acrylate was 93.6% based on GC measurement. After the mixture was diluted with toluene and treated with activated alumina, volatiles were distilled off by heating under reduced pressure to obtain a colorless and transparent polymer. According to GPC measurement (in terms of polystyrene) of the obtained polymer, the number average molecular weight was 12,100, the weight average molecular weight was 13,400, the molecular weight distribution was 1.10, and the bromine group introduction ratio based on the number average molecular weight was 1.99. .
- Cuprous bromide (35.3 g, 0.246 mol) and acetonitrile (47 OmL) were charged into a 10 L glass reaction vessel under a nitrogen atmosphere, and heated at 70 for 60 minutes. To this was added butyl acrylate (94 OmL, 6.56 mol), and the mixture was further stirred for 60 minutes. When pentamethylethylene triamine (2.0 OmL, 9.58 mmo 1) was added thereto, a mild exotherm of the reaction solution was observed, and polymerization was started. After 55 minutes, butyl acrylate (3.76 L, 26.2 mol) was added over 260 minutes. During this time, while monitoring the reaction by sampling the reaction solution, pen-methylmethylentriamine (5.0 OmL, 24. Ommoi) was added little by little.
- pen-methylmethylentriamine 5.0 OmL, 24. Ommoi
- Cuprous bromide (41.9 g, 0.293 mol 1) and acetonitrile (559 mL) were charged into a 1 OL glass reaction vessel under a nitrogen atmosphere, and heated at 70 for 45 minutes.
- butyl acrylate (1.12 L, 7.8 Omo 1) was added, and the mixture was further heated for 40 minutes.
- pentamethylethylene triamine (4.0 OmL, 1 When 2 mmo 1) was added, heat generation of the reaction solution was observed. Heating and stirring were continued at 70, and after 60 minutes, butyl acrylate (4.47 L, 31.2 mol) was added over 190 minutes.
- the volatile components were distilled off by heating under reduced pressure to obtain a pale yellow polymer.
- GPC measurement in terms of polystyrene
- the number average molecular weight was 1,400
- the weight average molecular weight was 18,800
- the molecular weight distribution was 1.34
- the alkenyl group introduction ratio based on the number average molecular weight was 2.49. .
- a vinyl polymer having a terminal halogen group remaining at a high rate by atom transfer radical polymerization can be obtained.
- the catalyst can be uniformly dispersed by stirring without adhering to the vessel wall, and the reaction can be easily controlled at the time of scale-up of the polymer.
- atom transfer In radical polymerization the polymerization rate can be arbitrarily adjusted during the polymerization reaction, and the amount of heat generated can be controlled.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002333926A CA2333926A1 (en) | 1998-06-01 | 1999-06-01 | Method to control atom transfer radical polymerization |
DE69925121T DE69925121T2 (de) | 1998-06-01 | 1999-06-01 | Polymerisationsverfahren |
US09/701,701 US6458903B1 (en) | 1998-06-01 | 1999-06-01 | Polymerization method |
EP99922632A EP1090930B1 (en) | 1998-06-01 | 1999-06-01 | Polymerization method |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
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JP15157398 | 1998-06-01 | ||
JP10/151572 | 1998-06-01 | ||
JP10/151573 | 1998-06-01 | ||
JP15157298 | 1998-06-01 | ||
JP10/172957 | 1998-06-19 | ||
JP17295798 | 1998-06-19 |
Publications (1)
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WO1999062959A1 true WO1999062959A1 (fr) | 1999-12-09 |
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PCT/JP1999/002926 WO1999062959A1 (fr) | 1998-06-01 | 1999-06-01 | Procede de polymerisation |
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US (1) | US6458903B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1090930B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP2008297558A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1243027C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2333926A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69925121T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999062959A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003085004A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-08 | 2003-10-16 | Kaneka Corporation | Polymeres de vinyle et leurs procedes de production |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2000044796A1 (fr) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-03 | Kaneka Corporation | Polymere, procede de preparation du polymere, et composition durcissable contenant le polymere |
SE0202016D0 (sv) * | 2002-06-27 | 2002-06-27 | Amersham Biosciences Ab | Polymeric Support Having Novel Pore Structures |
WO2004026883A1 (ja) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-04-01 | Chisso Corporation | ケイ素化合物 |
US20040265734A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2004-12-30 | Wang Yueh | Photoresist performance through control of polymer characteristics |
GB0801119D0 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2008-02-27 | Barry Callebaut Ag | Composition |
JP5841054B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-10 | 2016-01-06 | 株式会社カネカ | (メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法 |
EP2857425B1 (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2020-10-14 | LG Chem, Ltd. | Method for preparing polymer and polymer prepared thereby |
US9006362B2 (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2015-04-14 | Henkel IP & Holding GmbH | Controlled radical polymerization of (meth)acrylate monomers |
CN104628922A (zh) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-05-20 | 青岛科技大学 | 选择性激光烧结快速成形用超高分子量聚苯乙烯制备技术 |
JP6895898B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-12 | 2021-06-30 | 株式会社クラレ | (メタ)アクリレート系重合体の製造方法 |
JP7067229B2 (ja) | 2018-04-17 | 2022-05-16 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 反応性ケイ素含有基を有するポリマーおよびその製造方法 |
Citations (2)
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JPS61174210A (ja) * | 1985-01-29 | 1986-08-05 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 含フツ素共重合体の製造方法 |
JPH02270844A (ja) * | 1988-12-31 | 1990-11-05 | Basf Ag | エチレン性不飽和の共重合可能な感放射線性有機化合物およびその製造法 |
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CA2510397C (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 2009-11-17 | Krzysztof Matyjaszewski | Novel (co)polymers and a novel polymerization process based on atom (or group) transfer radical polymerization |
US5763548A (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1998-06-09 | Carnegie-Mellon University | (Co)polymers and a novel polymerization process based on atom (or group) transfer radical polymerization |
US5807937A (en) | 1995-11-15 | 1998-09-15 | Carnegie Mellon University | Processes based on atom (or group) transfer radical polymerization and novel (co) polymers having useful structures and properties |
JP3806481B2 (ja) * | 1996-02-08 | 2006-08-09 | 株式会社カネカ | 末端にアルケニル基を有する(メタ)アクリル系重合体およびその製造方法 |
JP3806475B2 (ja) | 1996-02-08 | 2006-08-09 | 株式会社カネカ | 末端に官能基を有する(メタ)アクリル系重合体の 製造方法 |
JPH107710A (ja) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-13 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | ビニル系重合体の製造方法 |
DE69710130T2 (de) | 1996-06-26 | 2002-08-29 | Kaneka Corp., Osaka | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylpolymeren |
JPH107711A (ja) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-13 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | ビニル系重合体の製造方法 |
JP3587418B2 (ja) * | 1996-06-26 | 2004-11-10 | 株式会社カネカ | ビニル系重合体の製造方法 |
US5789487A (en) | 1996-07-10 | 1998-08-04 | Carnegie-Mellon University | Preparation of novel homo- and copolymers using atom transfer radical polymerization |
TW593347B (en) | 1997-03-11 | 2004-06-21 | Univ Carnegie Mellon | Improvements in atom or group transfer radical polymerization |
JP4850988B2 (ja) * | 1998-06-01 | 2012-01-11 | 株式会社カネカ | 重合方法 |
-
1999
- 1999-06-01 DE DE69925121T patent/DE69925121T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-01 CN CNB99806873XA patent/CN1243027C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-01 EP EP99922632A patent/EP1090930B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-01 US US09/701,701 patent/US6458903B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-01 WO PCT/JP1999/002926 patent/WO1999062959A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1999-06-01 CA CA002333926A patent/CA2333926A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2008
- 2008-08-11 JP JP2008207083A patent/JP2008297558A/ja active Pending
- 2008-08-11 JP JP2008207095A patent/JP5038255B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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JPS61174210A (ja) * | 1985-01-29 | 1986-08-05 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 含フツ素共重合体の製造方法 |
JPH02270844A (ja) * | 1988-12-31 | 1990-11-05 | Basf Ag | エチレン性不飽和の共重合可能な感放射線性有機化合物およびその製造法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1090930A4 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003085004A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-08 | 2003-10-16 | Kaneka Corporation | Polymeres de vinyle et leurs procedes de production |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69925121T2 (de) | 2006-01-19 |
JP2008297558A (ja) | 2008-12-11 |
EP1090930B1 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
EP1090930A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 |
JP2008266658A (ja) | 2008-11-06 |
CN1303396A (zh) | 2001-07-11 |
US6458903B1 (en) | 2002-10-01 |
CA2333926A1 (en) | 1999-12-09 |
JP5038255B2 (ja) | 2012-10-03 |
EP1090930A4 (en) | 2002-03-06 |
DE69925121D1 (de) | 2005-06-09 |
CN1243027C (zh) | 2006-02-22 |
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