Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/34—Alcohols
  • A61K8/345—Alcohols containing more than one hydroxy group
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/43—Guanidines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments

Definitions

• the present invention relates to stable coatings for delivering chlorhexidine gluconate.
• Chlorhexidine digluconate (commonly known as "chlorhexidine gluconate”) is an antimicrobial that is useful for various applications, particularly in the oral environment. Specifically, chlorhexidine gluconate in dental rinses has been clinically proven to reduce gingival inflammation and bleeding. The disadvantages to delivering chlorhexidine gluconate in a rinse are bad taste and staining. Chlorhexidine gluconate is known to decompose to form para- chloroaniline, which is highly toxic.
• Hill (U.S. 5,098,711 ; WO 95/30404; U.S. 5,165,913; U.S. 4,911,927) describes floss coating compositions with chlorhexidine gluconate.
• the compositions of Hill contain a surfactant and a coating substance that is insoluble in the surfactant.
• the compositions may contain a humectant like glycerin or polyethylene glycol.
• chlorhexidine gluconate is formed in situ by heating gluconic acid and chlorhexidine free base at high temperature.
• Simionato et al (AU 9,464,534) describes putting chemotherapeutic agents in a floss coating composition that contains an emulsifiable wax.
• Bowen (U.S. 5,603,921) describes dental floss coating compositions that contain chlorhexidine gluconate and a 2/1 ratio of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350/ PEG 1000, which are solids at room temperature.
• the coating comprises chlorhexidine gluconate and a Solubilizing Glycol.
• the coating additionally comprises a modulus-enhancing component to give proper handling properties.
• the coating does not contain more than 200 ppm of para-chloroaniline after four weeks at 45° C.
• CHG chlorhexidine gluconate
• PCA para-chloroaniline
• Non-aqueous coatings of the present invention provide significant advantages in the delivery of CHG. Because the coating does nor contain water, it is more shelf-stable for longer term storage since there is no water loss or requirement for special packaging to retain water in the coating.
• Coated CHG delivery devices of the present invention are useful particularly for delivering chlorhexidine gluconate interproximally and subgingivally, where it is needed to treat gingivitis. Site specific delivery of chlorhexidine gluconate from a device, as in the present invention, minimizes the discomfort associated with the bad taste of chlorhexidine gluconate and reduces tooth staining by reducing contact of the chlorhexidine gluconate with the facial tooth surfaces.
• the device of the present invention is any device suitable for physical delivery of CHG to the oral environment, and most preferably a device suitable for delivery to interproximal and subgingival surfaces of the oral environment.
• Such devices include dental floss, dental picks, and dental tape.
• the device may be a dental packing material, such as a fiber.
• Other embodiments include periodontal membranes.
• Dental floss coated with the compositions of the present invention is highly advantageous, because it slips easily between the teeth and yet is easy to hold in the user's hands.
• the coating of the present invention comprises chlorhexidine gluconate.
• CHG may be commercially obtained from many manufacturers, but typically only in an aqueous format. It is important to properly handle aqueous CHG, particularly as to exposure to high temperatures, to retain stability when formulating the non- aqueous compositions of the present invention, as will be described in more detail below.
• the coating of the present invention comprises between about 0.1% and 15% of CHG by weight. More preferably, the coating comprises 0.5- 10%, and most preferably, the coating comprises 1-5% of CHG by weight.
• a "Solubilizing Glycol" is a glycol that provides a clear solution when mixed with CHG in the glycol/CHG ratio to be used in the ultimate coating composition. This evaluation of solution clarity is made to a mixture containing only CHG, glycol and any residual water, after water has been removed to a level less than about 10% and the solution is at room temperature (about 21° C). It is understood that mechanical mixing under heat as high as 100°C may be employed to mix the CHG with the glycol, but that the evaluation will be made after the solution has cooled and allowed to stand for 60 minutes.
• glycols capable of dissolving and stabilizing chlorhexidine gluconate are glycerin, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol (preferably of molecular weight between about 200 and 600), polyglycerols (e.g. triglycerol, hexaglycerol and decaglycerol), and propylene glycol. These glycols may be used separately or in combination. It will be recognized that while individual glycols may not provide the desired clear liquid, mixtures of glycols may be suitable to be collectively used as the Solubilizing Glycol. Solubilizing Glycol is preferably present in the coating in an amount such that the ratio of Solubilizing Glycol to chlorhexidine gluconate by weight is 0.2- 200.
• the ratio of Solubilizing Glycol to chlorhexidine gluconate by weight is 0.5-7, and most preferably, the ratio is 1-5.
• the modulus-enhancing component is any material that provides the desired final modulus properties for the coating, such that it will have the proper tackiness and material delivery properties of a coating.
• the coefficient of dynamic friction (ASTM D3247) is preferably less than 2.0 and more preferably less than 1.0.
• the elastic modulus, G' should be greater than 10,000 and preferably greater than 100,000 dynes/cm 2 at a frequency of 1 rad/sec and at room temperature.
• the ratio of the viscous modulus, G", to G' (or tan delta) should be less than 0.8 and preferably less than 0.5 at a frequency of 1 rad/sec and at room temperature.
• modulus enhancing components include surfactants that contain both (a) hydrophilic group(s) capable of dispersing chlorhexidine gluconate and a glycol, and (b) an alkyl group(s). Preferably the alkyl group makes up 3 to 75% by weight of the modulus-enhancing component , aud more preferably 5 to 60 wt.%.
• preferred surfactants include poiyglyceryl alkyl esters and ethers, ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol alkyl esters, and polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or esters. These surfactants may act to bind individual fibers of a dental floss together, or may help in the formulation process to assist in making certain ingredients compatible in the overall coating formulation.
• Surfactants may be particularly beneficial in assisting wax to be compatible with the rest of the coating composition.
• Alternative modulus enhancing components include waxes, poly-n-vinyl pyrrolidone, crystalline fatty alcohols, paraffins, polyethylene oxides having molecular weight greater than about 900, hydroxypropyl cellulose and cellulose derivatives.
• these materials are soluble in or emulsifiable with glycerin.
• Wax is particularly preferred in the tooth floss embodiment when it may be desirable to help bind the floss fibers together and to improve the floss handling characteristics. Examples of waxes are microcrystalline wax and beeswax.
• floss coatings may be formulated such that the fibers are not bound together.
• compositions of the present invention may additionally comprise appropriate adjuvants such as colorants, stabilizers, preservatives, flavorants, sweeteners, additional medicaments (such as fluoride and desensitizers), cleansers and the like.
• appropriate adjuvants such as colorants, stabilizers, preservatives, flavorants, sweeteners, additional medicaments (such as fluoride and desensitizers), cleansers and the like.
• Salts, acids, and bases that are not to be present in the compositions of the present invention are limited in amount such that they cannot interact with more than 50% of the CHG in the device.
• the coating has less than 0.50 molar equivalents of deleterious quantities of salts, acids, and bases that would react with chlorhexidine gluconate based on the amount of chlorhexidine gluconate in the composition.
• no more than 0.10 molar equivalents of salts, acids, or bases based on the amount of CHG are in the formulation. More preferably no more than 0.01 molar equivalents, and most preferably no more than 0.001 molar equivalents of salts, acids, or bases based on the amount of CHG are in the formulation.
• salts, acids, and bases that are not to be present in the compositions of the present invention include water soluble or emulsifiable species of the following: carboxylic acids and polycarboxyhc acids and their salts (with the exception of gluconic acid and its salts), sulfates, sulfonates, phosphates, phosphonates, acetates, sulfosuccinates, including anionic surfactants utilizing these as hydrophilic groups.
• Halides, nitrates, hydroxides, carbonates, oxalates, thiocyanates, sulfides, chromates, arsenates, cyanides, chlorates, and iodate salts are also a potential concern.
• the pH of the composition be maintained between 5 and 8 to provide a more stable system. Due to the anhydrous nature of the material of this invention a convenient method for assessing the relevant pH of the compositions is to dissolve or suspend the material at a 5 to 10% weight basis in pH neutral water and measure the resulting pH.
• the stable coating composition of the present invention is made by first mixing aqueous chlorhexidine gluconate with a glycol and optionally with the modulus-enhancing component to form a mixture that is substantially free of deleterious quantities of salts, acids, and bases that would react with the chlorhexidine gluconate. Water is then removed at a temperature less than 100° C, more preferably less than 80° C and most preferably less than 60° C. Preferably, the water removal operation is conducted under vacuum. The composition is then ready for final formulation (if not all materials in the final formulation have not already been added) and coating on the device. Alternatively, the removal of water may be undertaken after coating a water-containing formulation on the device.
• the aqueous chlorhexidine gluconate may be freeze-dried, thereby removing substantially all water from chlorhexidine gluconate in a rapid manner.
• the thus freeze-dried chlorhexidine gluconate may then be mixed with glycol.
• the modulus-enhancing component and/or other desired ingredients of the final formulation may be mixed at the same time as the glycol, or as a subsequent formulation operation.
• the composition is then ready for final formulation (if necessary) and coating on the device. It particularly desirable to conduct the water removal step under vacuum.
• This condition allows for use of lower temperatures than would otherwise be required, shorter times at elevated temperatures, and further may facilitate removal of undesirable volatile degradation products or impurities.
• compositions may be coated onto the intended device using appropriate coating techniques, such as dip, melt, extrusion or spray techniques.
• appropriate coating techniques such as dip, melt, extrusion or spray techniques.
• a stock solution of 2/1 glycerin/ chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was prepared by dissolving 2 parts of glycerin (Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) in 5 parts of 20 wt.% CHG in water (Medichem S.A., Barcelona, Spain). The water from this solution was removed under vacuum and at 60° C using a Rotavapor Rl 10 (Buchi, Germany).
• a stock solution of 2/1 polyethylene glycol (“PEG-400", molecular weight 400)/ chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was prepared by dissolving 2 parts of PEG- 400 (Aldrich Chemical Company) in 5 parts of 20 wt.% CHG in water. The water from this solution was removed under vacuum and at 60° C using a Rotavapor R110.
• PEG-400 polyethylene glycol
• CHG chlorhexidine gluconate
• Floss coating compositions were prepared per Table 1. All Example 1 samples were made by melting 94 parts of surfactant at approximately 50° C, and then adding and dispersing 6 parts of the 2/1 stock solution of either glycerin/ CHG or PEG-400/ CHG. Uncoated dental floss (Hi-Tech floss, Ranir-DCP Corporation, Grand Rapids, Michigan) was dip-coated into the molten CHG dispersions. The excess coating was removed with a tongue depressor while still molten.
• Uncoated dental floss Hi-Tech floss, Ranir-DCP Corporation, Grand Rapids, Michigan
• the release rate of CHG from the coated floss samples was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
• Samples were prepared by placing a 2-inch floss segment of known coating weight and into deionized water in a 2 dram vial. The vials were shaken for ten minutes on a paint shaker (Red Devil, Inc., Union, New Jersey). The floss segment was then removed from each vial, and the concentration of CHG in the water was determined per the test method summarized below. The percentage of the CHG in the floss that was released into the water was calculated from the initial coating weight and the water CHG concentration.
• Detector Diode Array at 205 nm. 3.
• Column Prodigy 5 ODS 3, 100 A pore size, 5 mm particle size, silica- based C18 column, 4.6 X 150 mm (Phenomenex, Inc., Torrance, California).
• Buffer Filter Empore filter (3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota).
• HPLC vials with caps (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania).
• CHG standards were prepared in deionized water: 0.005%, 0.003%, 0.001%, 0.0007%, and 0.0005% (w/v).
• HPLC vials were filled with the prepared samples and CHG standards. The vials were loaded into the HPLC.
• the mobile phase was prepared using the following procedure: a) Deionized water ( 1000 mL) was placed in a beaker. b) Stirring was initiated, and a pH meter was placed in the beaker for continuous measurement. c) Triethylamine (10 mL) was allocated into the beaker. d) Phosphoric acid was added dropwise until the pH was 2.5. e) The mobile phase was filtered through a 3M Empore filter. 4. HPLC test parameters: a) Flow Rate: l.O mL/min.
• Table 1 Floss Coating Compositions and CHG release rate in water.
• Floss coatings were prepared per the compositions listed in Table 2 using the following procedure. Each surfactant was melted at approximately 50° C, and then the required quantity of either the 2/1 glycerin/CHG stock solution of Example 1 or the 2/1 PEG-400/ CHG stock solution of Example 1 was added and dispersed with stirring. Uncoated Hi-Tech dental floss was dip-coated into the molten coating dispersions. The excess coating was removed with a tongue depressor while still molten.
• the release rate of CHG from the coated floss samples was measured using the following procedure.
• One inch floss segments of known coating weight were placed in individual ' dram vials with 1 mL of deionized water. The vials were shaken for ten minutes on a paint shaker. The floss segment was then removed from each vial, and the concentration of CHG in the water was determined per the HPLC test method of Example 1. The percentage of the CHG in the floss that was released into the water was calculated from the initial coating weight and the water CHG concentration.
• the test results summarized in Table 2 represent the average of three replicate measurements. The results in Table 2 show that the floss compositions of the present invention give excellent release of CHG in an aqueous environment.
• Floss coatings with the surfactant Unithox 380 were prepared per the compositions listed in Table 3.
• the required quantity of Unithox 380 was melted at approximately 50° C, and then the required quantity of one of the two glycerin/CHG stock solutions above was added and dispersed with stirring.
• the floss coatings were aged for four weeks at 45° C and then the concentration of para-chloroaniline (PCA), a by-product of CHG decomposition, was determined using the HPLC method described below. Water was used as the sample solvent in the test method to effect dissolution.
• PCA concentration results are listed in Table 3. The results show the compositions of the present invention have good stability (PCA ⁇ 200 PPM).
• Table 3 Compositions of Examples 3A-3B, and Concentration of PCA after 4 weeks at 45° C.
• Detector Diode Array at 205 nm.
• Buffer Filter 3M Empore filter.
• Ultrasonic bath with temperature control Branson 2210 (Branson Ultrasonics Corp., Danbury, Connecticut).
• chlorhexidine free base (CHFB) standards were prepared in deionized water using acetic acid to aid in dissolution: 0.01%, 0.007%, 0.005%, 0.003%, 0.001%, 0.0007 and 0.0005% (w/v).
• the samples for PCA and CHG concentration determination were prepared as follows: a) Coating samples were melted at 50° C in an ultrasonic bath and stirred to ensure homogeneity. b) The coating samples were resolidified at room temperature, and then 0.5 gms was placed in a 10 mL volumetric flasl . c) An effective solvent for each sample W f. charged to the volumetric flask to the 10 mL graduation mark. d) The volumetric flask was sonicated in the ultrasonic bath for ten minutes to effect dissolution of the floss coating in the solvent. e) The sonicated solutions were filtered with an Anotop 25 Plus syringe filter.
• HPLC vials were filled with the prepared samples and standards. The vials were loaded into the HPLC. 5.
• the mobile phase was prepared using the following procedure: a) Deionized water (1000 mL) was placed in a beaker. b) Stirring was initiated, and a pH meter was placed in the beaker for continuous measurement. c) Triethylamine (10 mL) was allocated into the beaker. d) Phosphoric acid was added dropwise until the pH was 3.0. e) The mobile phase was filtered through a 3M Empore filter. 6. HPLC test parameters: a) Flow Rate: l.O mL/min.
• the CHFB concentration in each sample solution was determined from the calibration curve.
• the CHFB solution concentration was converted to a CHG solution concentration.
• the CHG concentration in the floss coat ig was determined from the CHG solution concentration.
• the PCA concentration in the floss coating was determined from the PCA solution concentration.
• Table 4 Compositions of Examples 4A-4O, and Concentration of PCA after Aging for 12 weeks at 37° C and 45° C.
• Example 5 shows that the compositions of the present invention are more stable to CHG decomposition than the compositions of Bowen (U.S. 5,603,921).
• the compositions of Bowen contain CHG and 2/1 PEG-3350/PEG-1000.
• Comparative Example 1 of Bowen was made by melting 31.7 parts of PEG-1000 (Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan) and adding 25 parts of aqueous CHG (20 wt.%). The water from this solution was removed under vacuum at 60 ° C using a Rotavapor Rl 10. To this water-free solution was added 63.4 parts of melted PEG-3400 (Aldrich Chemical Company).
• the resultant composition of Comparative Example 1 was 5 wt.% CHG, 63.4 wt.% PEG-3350, and 31.7 wt.% PEG-1000, and was a solid at room temperature.
• the floss coating of Example 5 was made using the following procedure.
• a stock solution of 1/1 PEG-400/ CHG was prepared by dissolving 1 part of PEG- 400 in 5 parts of 20 wt.% CHG in water. The water from this solution was removed under vacuum at 60° C using a Rotavapor Rl 10.
• Ten parts of this stock solution was dispersed in 90 parts of melted Unithox 380 at approximately 50° C.
• the resultant composition of Example 5 was 5 wt.% CHG, 5 wt.% PEG-400, and 90 wt.% Unithox 380.
• Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 were aged at 45° C for four weeks, and then the coatings were analyzed for PCA concentration per the test method of Example 3. The results are listed in Table 5. The results show that the PCA concentration of Example 5 is lower than that Comparative Example 1. These results show that the compositions of the present invention are better at stabilizing CHG than those of Bowen.
• Example 5 Stability Studies of Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 : PCA after Aging at 4 weeks at 45° C.
• Table 6 Compositions of Comparative Example 2 Floss Coatings (from Hill, U.S. 5,098,711, Example 61, Table XI).
• chlorhexidine gluconate is formed in situ by preparing gluconic acid and reacting it with chlorhexidine free base.
• D-glucono-d-lactone Aldrich Chemical Company (1.09 g) was moistened with an excess of water (0.65 g) and heated to 75° C for 15 minutes in a closed vessel to convert it to gluconic acid.
• surfactant Pluronic F-127 BASF Corp., Parsippany, NJ
• Table 7 describes the quantities of chlorhexidine free base, gluconic acid and Pluronic F-127 that were combined for each Comparative Example 2A-2F.
• Pluronic F-127 was melted at 150° C, and then mixed with chlorhexidine free base (Aldrich). To this chlorhexidine free base solution was added the gluconic acid/ Pluronic F-127 mixture such that the molar ratio of gluconic acid to chlorhexidine free base was 2.25 to 1 (same as in Hill). This mixture was stirred at 150° C to effect the reaction to chlorhexidine gluconate. Hill does not specify how long to carry-out this reaction.
• each mixture was cooled to 120° C, which was determined to be the lowest temperature possible to produce a smooth melt.
• the remaining floss coating components were added per the quantities in Table 6.
• the silicone (“Dow Corning Silicone 1500", Dow Corning Corp., Midland, Michigan) was added until a thick cream was formed, after which the sorbitol and saccharin (both from Aldrich Chemical Company) were added.
• the carageenan Aldrich Chemical Company
• silica silica
• U.S. Silica, Ottawa, IL silica
• Uncoated Hi-Tech floss was dip-coated into the molten floss coatings. The excess coating was removed by passing the floss through a 0.006 inch slit die while the coating was still molten.
• Table 7 Quantities of chlorhexidine free base, gluconic acid and Pluronic F-127 that were combined for Comparative Examples 2A-2F.
• Floss coating compositions with the same concentrations of CHG as those of Comparative Example 2 were prepared per Table 8. The compositions were prepared by melting the surfactant at approximately 50° C, and then adding and dispersing the required amount of the 2/1 glycerin/ CHG stock solution of Example 1. Uncoated Hi-Tech floss was dip-coated into the molten floss coatings. The excess coating was removed by passing the floss through a 0.006 inch slit die while the coating was still molten.
• Table 8 Compositions of Examples 6A-6J
• the release rate of CHG from the coated floss samples of Example 6 and Comparative Example 2 was measured using the following procedure. Samples were prepared by placing 3 to 10 inches of floss of known coating weight and 1 mL of deionized water into a l ⁇ dram vial. The floss length used for each composition was such that if all of the initial chlorhexidine (calculated as CHFB) charged to the coating were released, the concentration in solution would be equivalent to the most concentrated CHFB standard (0.01 (w/v) %). The vials were shaken for ten minutes on a paint shaker.
• the floss was then removed from each vial, the remaining sample was filtered with an Anotop 25 Plus syringe filter, and the concentration of CHG in the water was determined per the HPLC test method of Example 3. The percentage of the CHG in the floss that was released into the water was calculated from the initial coating weight and the water CHG concentration. Each composition was tested in triplicate. The test results summarized in Table 9 represent the average of the three measurements. The compositions in Table 9 are grouped by the CHG concentration in the floss coating to facilitate comparison. The results show that the floss compositions of the present invention give better release of CHG in an aqueous environment than those of Hill.
• Example 6 and Comparative Example 2 were aged at 45° C for four weeks, and then the coatings were analyzed for PCA concentration per the test method of Example 3. The results are listed in Table 10.
• the compositions in Table 10 are grouped by the initial CHG concentration in the floss coating to facilitate comparison. For every initial CHG concentration, the PCA concentration in the floss coatings of Comparative Example 2 was significantly higher than that of the floss coatings of Example 6. These results show that the compositions of the present invention are better at stabilizing CHG than those of Hill.
• Floss coatings were prepared per the compositions listed in Table 11. Appropriate amounts (depending on compositions described in Table 11) of the surfactant Decaglyn 2-S were melted at approximately 50° C.
• the glycol/CHG solutions were added to the melted surfactants and dispersed with stirring.
• the floss coating samples were aged for four weeks at 45° C, after which the concentration of PCA was determined using the HPLC method of Example 3.
• the PCA concentration results are listed in Table 11. The results show the compositions of the present invention have good stability (PCA ⁇ 200 ppm).
• Table 11 Compositions of Examples 7A-7N, and Concentration of PCA after Aging for 4 weeks at 45° C.
• Example 8 Examples 8A-8C were prepared by melting 89.5 parts of surfactant (per
• the elastic (G') and viscous (G") modulus of Examples 71, and 8A-8C were determined using a controlled-strain rheometer ("RDA-2" from Rheometrics Scientific Inc., Piscataway, NY). Measurements were made at room temperature (25 ° C) with a parallel plate geometry (25 mm diameter, gap of 2 mm) with a strain of 0.01% and a frequency of 1 rad/sec. The results are shown in Table 12 including the ratio of G' ' to G' which is tan ⁇ . Table 12: Rheological Studies of Examples 71, and 8A-8C at Room Temperature and a Frequency of 1 rad/sec.
• Floss coatings were prepared per the compositions listed in Table 13.
• Example 9A approximately 89.5 parts of the surfactant Emerest 2715 was melted at approximately 50° C.
• Examples 9B-9G approximately 84.5 parts of the surfactant Emerest 2715 was melted at approximately 50° C.
• a 2.5/1 stock solution of glycerin CHG was prepared using the procedure described in Example 1. Approximately 10.5 parts of this stock solution was added to each of the melted surfactants and dispersed with stirring.
• Flavorants (5 parts) were added to Examples 9E-9G.
• the flavorants respectively used were SN026928 peppermint (International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., Dayton, NJ), SN026929 peppermint (International Flavors & Fragrances Inc.), SN026930 wintergreen (International Flavors & Fragrances Inc.), SN026943 peppermint (International Flavors & Fragrances Inc.), SN026944 peppermint (International Flavors & Fragrances Inc.), and PFC 9831 peppermint (Foote & Jenks, Canden, NJ).
• the floss coating samples were aged for 4 weeks at 37° C, after which the concentration of PCA was determined using the HPLC method described in Example 3.
• the PCA concentration results are listed in Table 13. The results show the compositions of the present invention have good stability. Table 13: Compositions of Examples 9A-9G, and Concentration of PCA after Aging for 4 Weeks at 37° C.

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• 1998
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