WO1999059472A1 - Systeme de transmission d'images video sur un reseau informatique, a destination d'un appareil de reception distant - Google Patents

Systeme de transmission d'images video sur un reseau informatique, a destination d'un appareil de reception distant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999059472A1
WO1999059472A1 PCT/US1999/010894 US9910894W WO9959472A1 WO 1999059472 A1 WO1999059472 A1 WO 1999059472A1 US 9910894 W US9910894 W US 9910894W WO 9959472 A1 WO9959472 A1 WO 9959472A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
line number
stream
data structure
transmitter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/010894
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vince Michael Figuredo
Kendyl A. Roman
Paul R. Raposa
Richard Scott Neale
Cyrus Javad Hoomani
Thomas Joseph Broadbent
Original Assignee
Intracom Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intracom Corporation filed Critical Intracom Corporation
Priority to AU39992/99A priority Critical patent/AU3999299A/en
Publication of WO1999059472A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999059472A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
    • H04N21/658—Transmission by the client directed to the server
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/637—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components
    • H04N21/6377—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components directed to server

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of communications systems. More particularly, this invention relates to the field of video communications systems.
  • Ultrasounds, sonograms, echocardiograms, and angioplastigrams are just a few modern tools developed to accurately diagnose patients with coronary problems, kidney stones, tumors, and other diseases without conducting risky and expensive exploratory surgeries. These tools are especially useful because they have the capability of being more accurate than exploratory surgeries and do not pose an additional risk to patients.
  • ultrasounds, sonograms, echocardiograms, and angioplastigrams these tools are in widespread use in many hospitals, clinics, testing facilities, and individual doctors' offices. Many doctors primarily base their diagnosis on the results from ultrasounds, sonograms, echocardiograms, and angioplastigrams.
  • an error in administering an ultrasound, sonogram, echocardiogram, and angioplastigram can lead to a wrong diagnosis.
  • a wrong diagnosis can be catastrophic for the patient.
  • the patient can potentially fail to receive needed medical treatment and/or be unnecessarily treated. Whether needed medical treatment is withheld or unnecessary medical treatment is given due to an erroneous test result from an ultrasound, sonogram, echocardiogram, or angioplastigram, the patient unnecessarily suffers.
  • ultrasounds, sonograms, echocardiograms, and angioplastigrams are extremely useful tools to diagnose ailments in patients, any of these tools administered in an imprecise manner or in a wrong location will most likely produce a wrong result. This wrong result typically leads to the wrong diagnosis.
  • Learning proper techniques and procedures in order to produce a correct result from an ultrasound, sonogram, echocardiogram, or angioplastigram requires extensive specialized training and many years of medical training. People who possess such specialized knowledge in administering ultrasounds, sonograms, echocardiograms, and angioplastigrams are in short supply and only administer a fraction of these tests which are performed each year. Instead, technicians with limited medical knowledge and limited training typically administer these tests. By not properly administering these tests, the results are often times inaccurate and lead to the wrong diagnosis. Furthermore, the tests are typically performed and later reviewed by the doctor after the patient has left the technician's office.
  • a method of and apparatus for transmitting video images preferably allows a specially trained individual to remotely supervise, instruct, and observe administration of medical tests conducted at remote locations.
  • This apparatus preferably includes a source device, a transmitting device, and at least one remote receiving device.
  • the transmitting device and the remote receiving device communicate over a network such as the Internet Protocol network.
  • the transmitting device and the receiving device communicate over any appropriate data network.
  • the transmitting device transmits the video images to the remote receiving device either for live display through the source device or for pre-recorded display through a video recorder device.
  • the remote receiving device is also capable of communicating with the transmitting device while simultaneously receiving video images.
  • the source device is preferably a medical test device such as an ultrasound, a sonogram, an echocardiogram, an angioplastigram, and the like.
  • This medical test device preferably generates video images for the transmitting device.
  • the transmitting device captures the video images in real-time from the source device and compresses these video images utilizing a compression algorithm prior to transmitting data representing the video images to the remote receiving device.
  • Remote users utilizing the remote receiving devices are capable of remotely controlling a number of parameters relating to the source device and the transmitting device. Such parameters include image quality, storage of the video images on the transmitting device, manipulating and controlling the source device, and the like.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a data flow diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 A illustrates software code utilized during a compression process of the present invention.
  • Figure 3B illustrates a look-up table representing the software code utilized during the compression process of the present invention.
  • Figure 4A illustrates a flow chart showing the steps involved in the compression process within a compressor of the preferred embodiment.
  • Figure 4B illustrates a representative video image and a corresponding stream of pixels.
  • Figure 5A illustrates a data structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5B illustrates the data structure configured to transmit a repeat command for the preferred embodiment.
  • Figure 5C illustrates the data structure for the preferred embodiment configured to transmit a line number which represents a pixel illumination intensity level.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a sample data stream representing video pixels and a corresponding compressed data stream.
  • Figure 7 illustrates software code utilized during a decompression process of the present invention.
  • Figure 8A illustrates a flow chart showing the steps for transmitting a stream of video images in real-time.
  • Figure 8B illustrates a flow chart showing the steps for transmitting a pre-recorded stream of video images.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a flow chart showing the steps involved during the decompression process of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 illustrates an uncompressed data stream, a corresponding compressed data stream, and a corresponding converted data stream of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a video system 100 according to the present invention for transmitting video images from one location to another.
  • the video system 100 preferably includes a video source 101, a video cassette recorder 102, a transmitter 103, a recorded video device 104, a computer network 105, a plurality of receivers 106, and data links 110, 115, 120, and 125.
  • the video source 101 includes the video cassette recorder 102 and is coupled to the transmitter 103 via the data link 110.
  • the data link 110 is preferably a Super-Video (S-Video) connection.
  • the transmitter 103 is also preferably coupled to the recorded video device 104 and the computer network 105 via the data links 115 and 120, respectively.
  • the plurality of receivers 106 are coupled to the computer network 105 via the data links 125.
  • Each of the plurality of receivers 106 are preferably a computer system having a display, central processing unit, and input device.
  • the data links 125 preferably link each of the plurality of receivers 106 to the computer network 105.
  • the data links 125 include any appropriate connection to the computer network 105 including Tl communication lines, DSL links, cellular links, microwave transmission, land lines, twisted pair cable, and the like.
  • the video system 100 shown in Figure 1 is merely illustrative and is only meant to show the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transmitter 103 is included within the computer network 105 and functions as a server within the computer network 105.
  • the video source 101 preferably provides the video system 100 with at least one video image.
  • the video source 101 is capable of providing either a real-time video image or a pre-recorded video image.
  • the video source 101 preferably includes a real-time input device 130.
  • This real-time input device 130 is preferably a medical measurement device such as an ultrasound, sonogram, echocardiogram, angioplastigram, and the like.
  • this real-time input device 130 is preferably a medical measurement device such as an ultrasound, sonogram, echocardiogram, angioplastigram, and the like.
  • this real-time input device 130 is preferably a medical measurement device such as an ultrasound, sonogram, echocardiogram, angioplastigram, and the like.
  • this real-time input device is preferably a medical measurement device such as an ultrasound, sonogram, echocardiogram, angioplastigram, and the like.
  • the pre-recorded video image is preferably provided by the video cassette recorder 102.
  • the video cassette recorder 102 is configured to record the realtime video images produced by the real-time input device 130 and play these pre-recorded video images at a later time.
  • the video cassette recorder 102 is also preferably configured to accept and play a pre-recorded video cassette tape.
  • the video source 101 is preferably configured to transfer the video image to the transmitter 103 via the data link 110.
  • the recorded video device 104 is preferably coupled to the transmitter 103 via the data link 115.
  • the recorded video device 104 stores video images received by the transmitter 103 for playback at a later time.
  • the recorded video device 104 allows the transmitter 103 to distribute these video images to the plurality of receivers 106 at a later time.
  • the recorded video device 104 also preferably serves as a mass storage device to store data that is unrelated to the video images.
  • the transmitter 103 preferably controls the flow of video images from both the video source 101 and the recorded video component 104 over the computer network 105 to any number of the plurality of receivers 106.
  • the transmitter 103 compresses the video images prior to transmission to one of the plurality of receivers 106, as will be described in detail below.
  • the transmitter 103 preferably monitors and selectively establishes connections with the computer network 105 over the data link 120.
  • the computer network 105 is preferably an Internet Protocol network. In alternate embodiments, the computer network 105 is any appropriate data network.
  • the computer network 105 is configured to transmit information between the plurality of receivers 106 and the transmitter 103 via the data links 125 and 120, respectively.
  • the plurality of receivers 106 are preferably configured to selectively receive a stream of video images from the transmitter 103 via the data link 120, the computer network 105, and the appropriate data link 125.
  • at least one of the plurality of receivers 106 is programmed to receive the stream of video images from the transmitter 103. Accordingly, only the selected ones of the plurality of receivers 106 are capable of receiving the stream of video images from the transmitter 103.
  • the selected ones of the plurality of receivers 106 are also capable of transmitting instructions to the transmitter 103 via the data link 125, the computer network 105, and the data link 120.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a data path diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a video system 200 which is similar to the video system 100 shown in Figure 1.
  • the video system 200 preferably includes a transmitter 201, a video source 203, and a plurality of receivers 206.
  • the video system 200 shown in Figure 2 is merely illustrative and is meant to show the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In alternate embodiments, additional components such as transmitters, video sources, and receivers are included without departing from the spirit and scope of the video system 200.
  • the video source 203 is coupled to the transmitter 201 via a data link 250.
  • the video source 203 is preferably configured to supply the transmitter 201, through a video image capture device 202, with a stream of video images through the data link 250.
  • the transmitter 201 preferably includes the video image capture device 202, a video server 212, a video controller 209, a listener device 213, a recorded video transmitter 215, and a plurality of socket handlers 214.
  • the video image capture device 202 also preferably includes a plurality of video settings 211 configured by the user.
  • the video image capture device 202 receives a stream of video images from the video source 203 and then transmits this stream of video images to the video server 212 via a data link 251.
  • the plurality of video settings 211 preferably allow adjustments to be made for modifying the stream of video images received by the video server 212. Examples of adjustments included within the plurality of video settings 211 include brightness, contrast, hue, and the like.
  • the video server 212 preferably includes a compressor 204 and a buffer 223. As the stream of video images are received by the video server 212, the compressor 204 is configured to compress the stream of video images thereby creating a compressed stream of video images. As this compressed stream of video images is generated, the compressor 204 transmits each data block into the buffer 223.
  • the compressed stream of video images is transmitted to one or more of the plurality of receivers 206.
  • the compressor 204 preferably utilizes a lossless compression algorithm to form the compressed stream of video images, as will be discussed in detail below.
  • the compressor 204 preferably includes a buffer 222 for use with the compression algorithm.
  • the compressor 204 utilizes a lossy algorithmic system to compress the flow of video images.
  • the video recorder 210 is capable of storing the stream of video images received by the transmitter 201 for transmission to one or more of the plurality of receivers 206 at a later time.
  • the stream of video images is compressed by the compressor 204 before being stored by the video recorder 210.
  • the transmitter preferably transmits the compressed stream of video images through the listener device 213.
  • the listener device 213 is preferably configured to couple to the video server
  • the listener device 213 is also coupled to the plurality of socket handlers 214 via the data links 253 and monitors the plurality of socket handlers 214 for any connection requests.
  • the listener device 213 Upon receiving a connection from appropriate ones of the plurality of receivers 206 through a socket handler 214, the listener device 213 preferably informs the video server 212 via the data link 252.
  • one of the plurality of socket handlers 214 couples to each of the appropriate ones of the plurality of receivers 206.
  • the connection(s) between the plurality of socket handlers 214 and the appropriate ones of the plurality of receivers 206 is (are) preferably formed through the computer network 105 ( Figure 1).
  • the video recorder 210 preferably stores the stream of video images.
  • the video recorder 210 preferably includes an edit list 211 and is coupled to the video server 212 through a data link 256.
  • the video recorder 210 is also coupled to a recorded video transmitter 215 through a data link 257.
  • the video recorder 210 is preferably configured to control the initiation and termination of storing the stream of video images in response to instructions received by the video controller 209.
  • the recorded video device 208 is preferably a storage device coupled to the video recorder 210 and configured to store the stream of video images.
  • the recorded video device 208 allows the video system 200 to save the stream of video images originating from the video source 203 and allows the video system 200 to transmit this saved stream of video images to appropriate ones of the plurality of receivers
  • the recorded video device 208 is preferably coupled to the recorded video transmitter 215 and configured to transmit the saved stream of video images from the transmitter 201 to the appropriate ones of the plurality of receivers 206 over the appropriate recorded video pipe(s) 216.
  • the plurality of receivers 206 preferably reside in a remote location relative to the transmitter 201.
  • the plurality of receivers 206 selectively receive the flow of video images from the transmitter 201 and also selectively respond to the transmitter 201 with instructions.
  • Each of the plurality of receivers 206 preferably includes a video controller 207, a video client 217, and a video play device 219.
  • the video controller 207 preferably communicates with the video controller 209 of the transmitter 201 via a data link 220.
  • the video controller 207 relays information regarding the frame size, frame rate, compression algorithm, and other parameters being transmitted to the video controller
  • a user interfacing with one of the plurality of receivers 206 is able to modify the frame size, frame rate, compression algorithm, and other parameters of the incoming stream of video images to one of the plurality of receivers 206. Since the plurality of receivers 206 and the transmitter 201 are preferably located in remote locations, by interfacing with the video controller 207, the user is able to remotely control video parameters such as frame size, frame rate, compression algorithm, and the like which are included within the video settings 211 at the transmitter 201.
  • the video client 217 in the receiver 206 When receiving the compressed stream of video images in real-time from the video server 212 in the transmitter 201, the video client 217 in the receiver 206 preferably receives the compressed stream of video images.
  • the video client 217 preferably includes a decompressor 218 which is configured to decompress the compressed stream of video images to form a representation of the original, uncompressed stream of video images.
  • the decompressor 2118 After the compressed stream of video images is processed by the decompressor 218, the resulting stream of video images is ready to be displayed.
  • the decompressor 218 preferably includes a buffer 221 which is utilized with the decompression process.
  • the video play device 219 When receiving the stored stream of video data at a later time from the recorded video device 208 in the transmitter 201, the video play device 219 preferably receives the stored stream of video data and allows the representative stream of video images to be displayed. Before being displayed, the stored stream of video data is decompressed by the decompressor 218 in order to form a representation of the original, uncompressed stream of video images.
  • the transmitter 201 acts as a server that is connected to an appropriate data network.
  • each of the plurality of receivers 206 individually acts as a stand-alone computer system connected to the data network.
  • the transmitter 201 selectively enables a data stream of video images to be transmitted to an appropriate one or more of the plurality of receivers 206.
  • the receiver 206 logs onto the computer network 105 ( Figure 1)
  • the computer network 105 is the Internet Protocol network.
  • the computer network 105 is any appropriate data network. Typically, in the preferred embodiment, this log on is accomplished by connecting through an Internet service provider.
  • a connection between the transmitter 201 and the particular receiver 206 is preferably established through the computer network 105 ( Figure 1).
  • the particular receiver 206 preferably communicates with the transmitter 201 over the computer network 105 and furnishes a user identification, a password, or another form of identification and verification.
  • the transmitter 201 identifies the particular receiver 206 as an approved user, the transmitter 201 allows the data stream of video images to be transmitted to the particular receiver 206.
  • the transmitter 201 is capable of simultaneously transmitting the data stream of video images to multiple receivers 206.
  • Figure 8A illustrates a flow chart showing the steps involved when transmitting a stream of video images in real-time from the transmitter 201 ( Figure 2) to one or more of the plurality of receivers 206.
  • the steps 800-825 preferably occur within the transmitter 201 ( Figure 2).
  • the steps 830-840 preferably occur within one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2).
  • the process of transmitting the stream of video images from the transmitter 201 to one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2) begins at the step 800.
  • the stream of video images from the video source 203 are captured in the video image capture device 202 ( Figure 2) in the step 805.
  • the stream of video images, captured by the video image capture device 202 is compressed by the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) within the video server 212 ( Figure 2).
  • a connection between one of the plurality of socket handlers 214 ( Figure 2) and one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2) is initiated.
  • the connection between the transmitter 201 ( Figure 2) and one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2) is confirmed by the listener device 213 ( Figure 2).
  • the compressed stream of video images is transmitted to an appropriate one or more of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2) in the step 825.
  • the appropriate one or more of the plurality of receivers 206 receives the compressed stream of video images from the transmitter 201.
  • the compressed stream of video images is decompressed by the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2).
  • the stream of video images is displayed for the user by one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2) in the step 840.
  • Figure 8B illustrates a flow chart showing the steps involved when transmitting a stream of pre-recorded video images from the transmitter 201 to one of the plurality of receivers 206.
  • the steps 850-870 preferably occur within the transmitter 201 ( Figure 2).
  • the steps 875-885 preferably occur within one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2).
  • the process of transmitting the pre-recorded stream of video images to one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2) begins at the step 850.
  • the stream of video images are captured in the video image capture device 202 ( Figure 2) in the step 855.
  • the stream of video images are then compressed by the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) within the video server 212 ( Figure 2).
  • the compressed stream of video images is stored within the recorded video device 208 ( Figure 2), thus forming a pre-recorded and compressed stream of video images.
  • This pre-recorded and compressed stream of video images is capable of being stored indefinitely and transmitted to one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2) at any time.
  • the step 870 represents the steps 815, 820, and 825 from Figure 8A, and is utilized to transmit the pre-recorded and compressed stream of video images to one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2).
  • a resulting connection between one of the plurality of socket handlers 214 ( Figure 2) and one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2) is initiated in the step 870.
  • the connection between the transmitter 201 ( Figure 2) and one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2) is confirmed by the listener device 213 ( Figure 2).
  • the pre-recorded and compressed stream of video images is also transmitted to one or more of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2) in the step 870.
  • the appropriate one or more of the plurality of receivers 206 receives the pre-recorded and compressed stream of video images.
  • the pre-recorded and compressed stream of video images is decompressed by the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2).
  • the stream of video images is then displayed to the user by one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2) in the step 885.
  • Figure 3 A illustrates software code which is preferably utilized to perform compression of a stream of video data within the compressor 204 ( Figure 2).
  • This software code includes a lookup table 310 with storage locations representing illumination intensity values from 0 to 255. Each representative storage location includes a line number from 0 to 31 which is indexed to a decompression lookup table.
  • the compression lookup table 310 allows an eight bit entry representing values from 0 to 255 to be compressed into a five bit value. When provided with an illumination intensity value, the line number stored in the corresponding location within the compression lookup table 310 is read and provided as the compressed five bit illumination intensity value. Documentation 320 is utilized to more clearly illustrate the function of each line contained within the compression lookup table 310.
  • the line number zero stored at the storage location corresponding to this illumination intensity value is read from the compression lookup table 310.
  • any illumination intensity value between zero to four has a corresponding five bit line number of zero (on a scale of 0 to 31).
  • the line number ten stored at the storage location corresponding to this illumination intensity value is read from the compression lookup table 310.
  • the compression lookup table 310 is utilized to compress the eight bit illumination intensity value into a corresponding five bit line number value between 0 and 31.
  • This compression process is preferably optimized to compress data representing a stream of video images which originates from the video source 203 ( Figure 2) and is received by the transmitter 201 ( Figure 2).
  • this data representing the stream of video images is transmitted in terms of a stream of pixel data.
  • a predetermined number of pixels represent each video image.
  • each pixel is represented by illumination intensity values relating to a red scale, a green scale, and a blue scale.
  • Each of the red scale, green scale and blue scale have illumination intensity values which range from 0 to 255. For each pixel, the illumination intensity value of zero represents a fully off state, and the illumination intensity value of "255" represents a fully on state.
  • each pixel within the black and white image has the same illumination intensity value for the red, green, and blue scales.
  • the stream of video images are displayed as black and white images which are defined by a gray-scale having 256 shades of gray. This optimizes the compression of the video data and recognizes that full color is not necessary for good quality video images from the medical measurement devices utilized with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Because only black and white images are utilized, the compression process preferably utilizes the intensity values for only the blue scale to represent each pixel. These illumination intensity values are modified within the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) before being transmitted to one of the plurality of receivers 206 ( Figure 2) or stored in the video recorder 210, as described above. Alternatively, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, full color is achieved by separately compressing and transmitting the red, green, and blue values.
  • the intensity values for the red and green scales are neither compressed nor transmitted.
  • the red scale and the green scale values for a particular pixel are generated from the blue scale value.
  • Alternate embodiments of the present invention are capable of utilizing either the green scale or the red scale value to represent each pixel. Further, alternate embodiments utilizing video images displayed in color compress and transmit the red scale, green scale, and blue scale value.
  • FIG. 3B illustrates a lookup table 350.
  • This look-up table 350 shows a logical representation of the compression process according to the compression lookup table 310 shown in Figure 3A, for illustrative purposes only.
  • the lookup table 350 classifies an eight bit illumination intensity value for a pixel into an appropriate level within a reduced level index representing the five bit line number. There are preferably 32 levels within this reduced level index, from 0 to 31 which are represented by the rows 0 to 31 on the left of the table 350. Each line number corresponds with one of the levels within the reduced level index.
  • the lookup table 350 also includes 10 columns which are represented by letters "A" through "J". The entries within columns "A” through “I” represent the illumination intensity value for the pixel and correspond to the storage locations within the lookup table 350.
  • Each of the illumination intensity values are compressed into the line number of the row on which the illumination intensity value is found within the table 350.
  • the entries within the column "J" represent an average illumination intensity level associated with each line number, which will be discussed below in relation to the decompression lookup table. This average illumination intensity level falls within a range of a lowest and highest illumination intensity value within the particular row.
  • the line number 20 is provided as the compressed value from the compression lookup table. Any pixel having an illumination intensity value between 162 and 169 corresponds to the line number 20 in the lookup table 350. Accordingly, for pixels having illumination intensity values between and including 162 and
  • the five bit line number 20 is provided as the compressed value, which is either stored by the recorded video device 208 or transmitted by the transmitter 201 to one or more of the receivers 206.
  • Figure 5 A illustrates a data structure 500 having 8 bits of storage.
  • An identification bit 510 is preferably a leading bit within the data structure 500. This identification bit 510 signals whether the particular data structure contains a line number representing the illumination intensity level or a repeat value representing a number of times to repeat an illumination intensity value of a prior pixel.
  • the data structure 500 is used to carry both compressed line number values and the repeat value for compressed strings of similar pixels.
  • Figure 5B illustrates a data structure 525 used to transmit the repeat value, which has a specific configuration of the data structure 500 ( Figure 5 A).
  • the identification bit 510 includes a value corresponding to a logical one. The number of times to repeat is preferably stored in the seven remaining bits 530.
  • the decompressor 218 Figure 2
  • the repeat counter value is limited to a value of 127 which is the maximum number capable of being expressed by seven bits.
  • the repeat counter value can be represented by any appropriate number of bits.
  • Figure 5C illustrates a data structure 550 used to transmit a line number, which has a specific configuration of the data structure 500 ( Figure 5A).
  • the identification bit 510 includes a value corresponding to a logical zero.
  • the data structure 550 is configured to transmit the line number which represents the illumination intensity level of the pixel.
  • the bits 565 and 570 are unused.
  • the bits 575-595 represent the five bit line number corresponding to the illumination intensity value from the compression lookup table 310 ( Figure 3 A).
  • the decompressor 218 Figure 218
  • Figure 218 recognizes that information held in the five bits 575-595 represents the line number corresponding to the illumination intensity value of a pixel in the data stream.
  • Figure 4A shows a flow chart which illustrates the compression process utilized by the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) when compressing a stream of video data.
  • Figure 4B illustrates a representative video image 400 and a corresponding stream of pixel data 405 representing the video image 400.
  • the pixel data is transmitted in an order representing pixels from left to right on each horizontal line, successively, from top to bottom of the video image.
  • pixels "C" and "D" are considered consecutive pixels within the stream of pixels 405.
  • This compression process begins at the start step 402, clearing the buffer 222 ( Figure 2) and resetting the repeat counter value to zero.
  • an illumination intensity value representing a current pixel is received.
  • a current line number from the lookup table 310 ( Figure 3 A) is obtained for the pixel data corresponding to the current illumination intensity value for the pixel.
  • the previous line number is preferably stored in the buffer 222 ( Figure 2). If the previous line number is not stored in the buffer 222 ( Figure 2), then the current line number and the previous line number cannot be the same.
  • the repeat counter value is incremented by one, at the step 410. It is then determined whether the repeat counter value is equal to a value of 127, at the step 412. If the repeat counter value is equal to a value of 127, then, at the step 414, the repeat counter value is transmitted out of the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) and into the buffer 223 ( Figure 2) within a data structure that is similar to the data structure
  • the repeat counter value is reset to a value of zero after being transmitted in the data structure. If the repeat counter is not equal to the value of 127, the process then proceeds directly to the step 416.
  • the repeat counter value is transmitted out of the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) and into the buffer 223 ( Figure 2) within a data structure that is similar to the data structure 525 ( Figure 5B). Additionally, at the step 422, the repeat counter value is reset to a value of zero after being transmitted in the data structure.
  • the line number representing the current illumination intensity value is transmitted out of the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) and into the buffer 223 ( Figure 2), at the step 424, within a data structure that is similar to the data structure 550 ( Figure 5C). Additionally, after the current line number is transmitted, the current line number is stored in the buffer 222 ( Figure 2) as the previous line number, at the step 424. After the step 424 is completed, the process proceeds to the step 416.
  • step 416 it is determined whether there is any additional pixel data corresponding to additional pixels. If there is additional pixel data, then the compression process loops back to the step 404 to receive and process the data representing the next pixel. If there is no additional pixel data, then the process proceeds to the step 418. At the step 418, it is determined whether the repeat counter value is equal to a value of zero. If the repeat counter value is equal to the value of zero, then the process proceeds to the ending step 428. If the repeat counter value is not equal to the value of zero, then, at the step 426, the repeat counter value is transmitted out of the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) and into the buffer 223 ( Figure 2) within a data structure that is similar to the data structure 525 ( Figure 5B). Additionally in the step 426, the repeat counter value is reset to a value of zero after being transmitted in the data structure. After the step 426, then the process proceeds to the ending step 428.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a sample uncompressed illumination intensity data stream 610 including data blocks 620, 622, 624, 626, 628, 630, and 632.
  • Each block includes pixel data representing an illumination intensity value of a corresponding pixel in this uncompressed data stream 610.
  • this illumination intensity level is the blue scale value for the particular represented pixel.
  • a compressed illumination intensity data stream 640 includes data structures 650, 652, 654, and 656.
  • the compressed data stream 640 represents the uncompressed data stream 610 with four data structures. Similar to the illumination intensity data structure 550 ( Figure 5C), the data structures 650, 654, and 656 represent the illumination intensity value of the pixels associated with the data blocks 620, 630, and 632, respectively.
  • a segment 651 of the data structure 650 contains a five bit line number having a value of zero.
  • the segments 655 and 657 contain five bit line numbers having values of two and ten, respectively.
  • the data structure 652 represents the illumination intensities of the pixels associated with the data blocks 622, 624, 626, and 628.
  • a segment 653 stores the seven bit repeat counter value of four which is the number of times the line number of the prior pixel 620 is repeated.
  • Figure 7 illustrates software code utilized to decompress a compressed stream of data. This software code includes a decompression lookup table 700 which is utilized within the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2). The decompression lookup table 700 is indexed to provide an output average illumination intensity value corresponding to the received line number from the compression lookup table 310.
  • This decompression lookup table 700 transforms the line number representing the illumination intensity for the stream of pixels which was previously processed by the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) back into a converted illumination intensity data stream having thirty-two levels of illumination intensity. Similar to the compression lookup table 310 ( Figure 3 A), the decompression lookup table 700 utilizes thirty-two levels wherein each level represents the particular line number. For each received line number, the decompression lookup table 700 provides an output average illumination intensity value for a red scale illumination intensity value 710, a green scale illumination intensity value 720, and a blue scale illumination intensity value 730. Preferably, these output average illumination intensity values are all equal, thereby providing a gray scale image.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a flow chart which shows the preferred decompression process utilized by the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2) to decompress a compressed stream of data.
  • This decompression process begins at a start step 900 and proceeds to the step 902.
  • a stream of compressed data which was compressed by the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) and includes data representing the illumination intensity of a plurality of pixels waits to be received.
  • the stream of compressed data contains a plurality of data structures which resemble the data structure 500 ( Figure 5A).
  • the next data structure in the stream of compressed data is received as a present data structure.
  • the identification bit within the present data structure received by the step 902 is detected.
  • the step 906 it is determined if the identification bit which was detected at the step 904 has a value of logical zero or logical one. If the identification bit has a value of logical one, then the present data structure contains a repeat counter value and is decoded at the step 912. If the identification bit has a value of logical zero, then the present data structure contains a line number and is decoded at the step 908. At the step 912, the repeat counter value is read from the present data structure.
  • the repeat counter value stores the number of times to repeat the line number associated with the illumination intensity values of the prior pixel.
  • a particular number of pixels corresponding to a number stored as the repeat counter value is generated with the illumination intensity values of the prior pixel.
  • the illumination intensity value of the prior pixel is stored in the buffer 221 ( Figure 2) within the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2). For example, if the repeat counter value is five, then five pixels are generated with the illumination intensity values of the prior pixel at the step 914.
  • the line number is read from the present data structure. The line number corresponds to a row within the decompression lookup table 700 ( Figure 7) which includes the illumination intensity values for the pixel.
  • a pixel is generated having illumination intensity values which correspond to the line number read from the step 908. Additionally, the illumination intensity values are also stored in the buffer 221 ( Figure 2) within the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2). For example, if the line number within the present data structure has a value of two, then according to the decompression lookup table 700 ( Figure 7), the illumination intensity values for the red, green, and blue values of the pixel are sixteen.
  • the illumination intensity values are determined at the step 910 or the step 914, it is determined, at the step 916, if there are additional data structures within the compressed stream of data currently being received. If there are additional data structures, then this process loops back to the step 902 where the next data structure is received, and the process begins again. If there are not additional data structures, then this process ends at the step 918.
  • the compression process as described above and illustrated in the flow chart shown in Figure 4A is embodied and executed within the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) utilizing the compression lookup table 310 ( Figure 3 A).
  • Each illumination intensity value in the uncompressed stream of data is transformed by the compressor 204
  • Figure 2 into a five bit line number having 32 possible levels.
  • This line number represents the illumination intensity value having one of 32 possible levels for a corresponding pixel.
  • each of the 32 line numbers represents a specific range of illumination intensity values.
  • the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) also stores the number of consecutive times a prior line number is repeated as a repeat counter. The compressor 204 ( Figure 2) then replaces the repeated line number(s) with a single repeat data structure which contains the repeat counter. The compressor 204 ( Figure 2) produces a compressed stream of data including line number data structures and repeat data structures, as appropriate.
  • the decompression process as described in detail above and illustrated in the flow chart shown in Figure 9 is embodied and executed within the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2) which utilizes the decompression lookup table 700 ( Figure 7).
  • the compressed stream of data is processed by the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2) to transform a combination of line numbers and repeat values into a decompressed stream of illumination intensity values corresponding to the original stream of pixels.
  • the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2) receives a particular line number, the line number is converted into appropriate illumination intensity values for the corresponding pixel in terms of the red scale, green scale, and blue scale through the decompression lookup table 700 ( Figure 7).
  • the appropriate illumination intensity values are placed in the converted stream of illumination intensity values.
  • the decompressor 218 When receiving a particular repeat command from the compressed stream of data, the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2) generates an appropriate number of illumination intensity values, representing a number of pixels, in response to the repeat counter, having the same illumination intensity values as the most recent illumination intensity value in the converted stream of illumination intensity values. Each of the appropriate number of illumination intensity values is placed in the converted stream of illumination intensity values. After the decompression process, the converted stream of illumination intensity values include a plurality of illumination intensity values which closely approximates the plurality of illumination intensity values within the uncompressed stream of data.
  • sample data streams illustrating the compression and the decompression process of the present invention are shown.
  • the sample data streams include an uncompressed data stream 1000, a compressed data stream 1020, and a decompressed data stream 1050.
  • the uncompressed data stream 1000 includes seven pixel data blocks 1002 through 1014 wherein each of these pixel data blocks represents the illumination intensity value of the particular pixel.
  • the compressed data stream 1020 includes four data blocks 1022-1028 which are generated by the compressor 204 ( Figure 2) and represent the uncompressed data stream 1000.
  • the decompressed data stream 1050 is generated from the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2) and includes seven pixel data blocks 1052-1064 each representing the average illumination intensity value of the particular pixel.
  • the compressor 204 receives the uncompressed data stream 1000.
  • the pixel data blocks 1002, 1004, 1006, 1008, 1010, 1012, and 1014 store the illumination intensity values "22", “24", “21 “, “28”, “27”, “113", and “15”, respectively.
  • the step 404 Figure 4A
  • the pixel data block 1002 is received.
  • the current line number for the pixel data block 1002 has a value of three, corresponding to the value stored within the storage location in the lookup table 310, representing the illumination intensity value "22." Since the pixel data block 1002 is the first pixel data block within the uncompressed data stream 1000, the current line number is not the same as the previous line number, and the repeat counter value is equal to a value of zero. Accordingly, in the step 424 ( Figure 4A), the current line number having the value of three is transmitted into the buffer 223 ( Figure 2) and is represented as a data structure 1022 in the compressed data stream 1020 which is similar to the data structure 550 ( Figure 5C).
  • the current line number is stored as the previous line number in the buffer 222 ( Figure 2).
  • the process loops back to the step 404 ( Figure 4A).
  • the pixel data block 1004 is received.
  • the current line number for the pixel data block 1004 has the value of three, corresponding to the value stored within the storage location in the lookup table 310, representing the illumination intensity value "24.”
  • the current line number value is determined to be the same as the previous line number value.
  • the repeat counter value is increased from zero to one, at the step 410 ( Figure 4A). Since the repeat counter value is not equal to 127, the process proceeds to the step 416 ( Figure 4A). Next, since the pixel data blocks 1006 through 1014 remain waiting to be processed, the process loops back to the step 404 ( Figure 4A). In the step 404 ( Figure 4A), the pixel data block 1006 is received. Next in the step
  • the current line number for the pixel data block 1006 has the value of three, corresponding to the value stored within the storage location in the lookup table 310, representing the illumination intensity value "21.”
  • the current line number value is determined to be the same as the previous line number value.
  • the repeat counter value is increased from one to two, at the step 410 ( Figure 4A).
  • the pixel data block 1008 is received.
  • the current line number for the pixel data block 1008 has the value of three, corresponding to the value stored within the storage location in the lookup table 310, representing the illumination intensity value "28.”
  • the current line number value is determined to be the same as the previous line number value.
  • the repeat counter value is increased from two to three, at the step 410 ( Figure 4A). Since the repeat counter value is not equal to 127, the process proceeds to the step 416
  • the pixel data block 1010 is received.
  • the current line number for the pixel data block 1010 has the value of three, corresponding to the value stored within the storage location in the lookup table 310, representing the illumination intensity value "27.”
  • the current line number value is determined to be the same as the previous line number value.
  • the repeat counter value is increased from three to four, at the step 410 ( Figure 4A). Since the repeat counter value is not equal to 127, the process proceeds to the step 416
  • the pixel data block 1012 is received.
  • the current line number for the pixel data block 1012 has a value of fourteen, corresponding to the value stored within the storage location in the lookup table
  • the process proceeds to the step 420 ( Figure 4A).
  • the repeat counter value of four is transmitted into the buffer 223 ( Figure 2) and is represented as a data structure 1024 in the compressed data stream 1020 which is similar to the data structure 525 ( Figure 5B).
  • the current line number having the value of fourteen is transmitted into the buffer 223 ( Figure 2) and is represented as a data structure 1026 in the compressed data stream 1020 which is similar to the data structure 550 ( Figure 5C).
  • the current line number is stored as the previous line number in the buffer 222 ( Figure 2). Further, the repeat counter value is reset back to the value of zero.
  • the process loops back to the step 404. In the step 404 ( Figure 4A), the pixel data block 1014 is received. Next in the step
  • the current line number for the pixel data block 1014 has a value of two, corresponding to the value stored within the storage location in the lookup table 310, representing the illumination intensity value "15.”
  • the process proceeds to the step 420 ( Figure 4A).
  • the step 420 Figure 4A
  • the repeat counter value is equal to zero.
  • the current line number having the value of two is transmitted into the buffer 223 ( Figure 2) and is represented as a data structure 1028 in the compressed data stream 1020 which is similar to the data structure 550 ( Figure 5C).
  • the uncompressed data stream 1000 has been converted into the compressed data stream 1020.
  • the compressed data stream 1020 includes four bytes of data instead of the seven bytes of data included within the uncompressed data stream 1000.
  • the decompressor 218 When the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2) receives the compressed data stream 1020, it then generates the decompressed data stream 1050.
  • the data structure 1022 is received as described in the step 902 ( Figure 9).
  • the identification bit 1030 is determined to have a value of logical zero, in the steps 904 and 906 ( Figure 9), representing that the data structure 1022 is carrying a line number.
  • the line number value of three is read from the segment 1032 in the step 908 ( Figure 9). According to the lookup table 700 ( Figure 7), the line number value of three corresponds to an average illumination intensity value of twenty-four.
  • the decompressor 218 ( Figure 2) then generates the block 1052 which is encoded with the average illumination intensity value of twenty four and saves the illumination intensity value of twenty-four in the buffer 221 ( Figure 2), at the step 910 ( Figure 9).
  • the data block 1024 is the next data structure in the step 916 ( Figure 9). Accordingly, the process loops back to the step 902 ( Figure 9).
  • the data structure 1024 is received.
  • the identification bit 1034 is determined to have a value of logical one, in the steps 904 and 906 ( Figure 9), representing that the data structure 1024 is carrying a repeat counter value.
  • a repeat counter value of four is read from the segment 1036, in the step 912 ( Figure 9).
  • the decompressor 218 Figure 2) then reads the average illumination intensity value stored in the buffer 221 ( Figure 2) and generates four blocks 1054, 1056, 1058, and 1060 each having the average illumination intensity values of twenty- four.
  • the data structure 1026 is the next data structure in the step 916 ( Figure 9). Accordingly, the process loops back to the step 902 ( Figure 9).
  • the data structure 1026 is received.
  • the identification bit 1038 is determined to have a value of logical zero, in the steps 904 and 906 ( Figure 9), representing that the data structure 1026 is carrying a line number.
  • the line number of fourteen is read from the segment 1040, in the step 908 ( Figure 9).
  • the line number value of fourteen corresponds to an average illumination intensity value of "115.”
  • the decompressor 218 Figure 2) then generates the block 1062 which is encoded with the average illumination intensity value of "115” and saves the illumination intensity value of "115" in the buffer 221 ( Figure 2), at the step 910 ( Figure 9).
  • the data block 1028 is the next data structure in the step 916 ( Figure 9). Accordingly, the process loops back to the step 902 ( Figure 9).
  • the data structure 1028 is received.
  • the identification bit 1042 is determined to have a value of logical zero, in the steps 904 and 906 ( Figure 9), representing that the data structure 1028 is carrying a line number.
  • the line number of two is read from the segment 1044, in the step 908
  • the decoding table 700 decodes the average illumination value for the blue scale and automatically sets the same illumination intensity for both the red and green scales.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant de transmettre des images vidéo, de préférence sous la responsabilité d'une personne spécialement formée qui, à distance, supervise, conseille et observe la conduite de tests médicaux en des emplacements distants. Le dispositif considéré (100) comprend de préférence un appareil source (101), un appareil de transmission (103), et au moins un appareil de réception distant (106). De préférence, l'appareil de transmission et l'appareil de réception distant communiquent sur un réseau du type réseau à protocole Internet. Selon une variante, l'appareil de transmission (103) et l'appareil de réception (106) communiquent via tel ou tel réseau de données approprié. L'appareil de transmission transmet les images vidéo à l'appareil de réception distant, soit pour affichage en direct via l'appareil source (101), soit aux fins d'affichage avec préenregistrement sur un magnétoscope (102). L'appareil de réception distant (106) peut communiquer avec l'appareil de transmission (103) tout en recevant simultanément les images vidéo.
PCT/US1999/010894 1998-05-18 1999-05-17 Systeme de transmission d'images video sur un reseau informatique, a destination d'un appareil de reception distant WO1999059472A1 (fr)

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US7257158B1 (en) 1998-05-18 2007-08-14 Kendyl A. Román System for transmitting video images over a computer network to a remote receiver
US8416847B2 (en) 1998-12-21 2013-04-09 Zin Stai Pte. In, Llc Separate plane compression using plurality of compression methods including ZLN and ZLD methods
US7233619B1 (en) 1998-12-21 2007-06-19 Roman Kendyl A Variable general purpose compression for video images (ZLN)
US8290034B2 (en) 1998-12-21 2012-10-16 Zin Stai Pte. In, Llc Video transmission and display including bit-wise sub-sampling video compression
US8170095B2 (en) 1998-12-21 2012-05-01 Zin Stai Pte. In, Llc Faster image processing
US8068544B2 (en) 1998-12-21 2011-11-29 Zin Stai Pte. In, Llc Compression with doppler enhancement
US7991052B2 (en) 1998-12-21 2011-08-02 Zin Stai Pte. In, Llc Variable general purpose compression for video images (ZLN)
US8537898B2 (en) 1998-12-21 2013-09-17 Zin Stai Pte. In, Llc Compression with doppler enhancement
US7016417B1 (en) 1998-12-23 2006-03-21 Kendyl A. Roman General purpose compression for video images (RHN)
US8004572B2 (en) 1999-05-17 2011-08-23 Zin Stai Pte. In, Llc System for transmitting a video stream over a computer network to a remote receiver
US11547382B2 (en) 1999-06-22 2023-01-10 Teratech Corporation Networked ultrasound system and method for imaging a medical procedure using an invasive probe
US9402601B1 (en) 1999-06-22 2016-08-02 Teratech Corporation Methods for controlling an ultrasound imaging procedure and providing ultrasound images to an external non-ultrasound application via a network
US6969352B2 (en) 1999-06-22 2005-11-29 Teratech Corporation Ultrasound probe with integrated electronics
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US7698653B2 (en) 1999-11-04 2010-04-13 Roman Kendyl A Graphical user interface including zoom control box representing image and magnification of displayed image
US6803931B1 (en) 1999-11-04 2004-10-12 Kendyl A. Roman Graphical user interface including zoom control box representing image and magnification of displayed image
US7191462B1 (en) 1999-11-08 2007-03-13 Kendyl A. Román System for transmitting video images over a computer network to a remote receiver
US7671864B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2010-03-02 Roman Kendyl A Faster image processing
GB2361374A (en) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-17 Anil Kumar Gupta Ophthalmic dispensing via the internet
US7430608B2 (en) 2001-12-04 2008-09-30 Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. System for processing data acquired from multiple medical devices
US10556062B2 (en) 2002-01-29 2020-02-11 Baxter International Inc. Electronic medication order transfer and processing methods and apparatus
US10173008B2 (en) 2002-01-29 2019-01-08 Baxter International Inc. System and method for communicating with a dialysis machine through a network
WO2003079038A3 (fr) * 2002-03-11 2004-02-26 Teratech Corp Sonde a ultrasons a electronique integree
WO2003079038A2 (fr) * 2002-03-11 2003-09-25 Teratech Corporation Sonde a ultrasons a electronique integree
US10095840B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2018-10-09 Baxter International Inc. System and method for performing renal therapy at a home or dwelling of a patient
US10224117B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2019-03-05 Baxter International Inc. Home therapy machine allowing patient device program selection
US10068061B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2018-09-04 Baxter International Inc. Home therapy entry, modification, and reporting system
US10061899B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2018-08-28 Baxter International Inc. Home therapy machine
US10347374B2 (en) 2008-10-13 2019-07-09 Baxter Corporation Englewood Medication preparation system
US10089443B2 (en) 2012-05-15 2018-10-02 Baxter International Inc. Home medical device systems and methods for therapy prescription and tracking, servicing and inventory
US10646405B2 (en) 2012-10-26 2020-05-12 Baxter Corporation Englewood Work station for medical dose preparation system
US10971257B2 (en) 2012-10-26 2021-04-06 Baxter Corporation Englewood Image acquisition for medical dose preparation system
US11367533B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2022-06-21 Baxter Corporation Englewood Managed medical information exchange
US11107574B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2021-08-31 Baxter Corporation Englewood Management of medication preparation with formulary management
US11575673B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2023-02-07 Baxter Corporation Englewood Central user management in a distributed healthcare information management system
US10818387B2 (en) 2014-12-05 2020-10-27 Baxter Corporation Englewood Dose preparation data analytics
US11948112B2 (en) 2015-03-03 2024-04-02 Baxter Corporation Engelwood Pharmacy workflow management with integrated alerts

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