WO1999051271A2 - Formulations de cosolvants - Google Patents

Formulations de cosolvants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999051271A2
WO1999051271A2 PCT/US1999/006196 US9906196W WO9951271A2 WO 1999051271 A2 WO1999051271 A2 WO 1999051271A2 US 9906196 W US9906196 W US 9906196W WO 9951271 A2 WO9951271 A2 WO 9951271A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
ethanol
present
paracalcin
formulations
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/006196
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1999051271A3 (fr
Inventor
Lukchiu Li
Edward A. Pec
Daniel H. Robinson
Dennis A. Stephens
Kathee Jantzi
Thomas B. May
John P. Oberdier
Original Assignee
Abbott Laboratories
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
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Application filed by Abbott Laboratories filed Critical Abbott Laboratories
Priority to DE69920201T priority Critical patent/DE69920201T2/de
Priority to AT99914970T priority patent/ATE275974T1/de
Priority to EP99914970A priority patent/EP1073467B1/fr
Priority to AU33598/99A priority patent/AU758989B2/en
Priority to CA002326198A priority patent/CA2326198C/fr
Priority to JP2000542041A priority patent/JP4664499B2/ja
Publication of WO1999051271A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999051271A2/fr
Publication of WO1999051271A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999051271A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cosolvent formulations for therapeutic agents, the formulations having a synergistic preservative effect.
  • buffers and chelating agents have been implicated in imparting aluminum levels in products to in excess of 3.5 parts per million at the expiration date of the product. It would be particularly advantageous to minimize aluminum levels in formulations for parenteral administration for patients on dialysis to minimize the risk of aluminum accumulation as these patients may develop osteomalacia. Potential adverse effects of EDTA may also include nephrotoxicity and renal tubular necrosis. Furthermore, EDTA is a chelating agent that is not an approved excipient in some international markets, such as Japan.
  • the present invention provides a formulation that overcomes these and other problems associated with pharmaceutical formulations.
  • the present invention provides a formulation that requires no antioxidant, contains no additives that would lead to an increase in the levels of aluminum in the formulation, and may be terminally sterilized. It has also been surprisingly discovered that the novel formulations of the invention provide a synergistic preservative effect that could not be predicted from the anti-microbial effect of the alcohol and gylcol derivative as individual agents.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic agent and an organic solvent selected from low molecular weight alcohols and glycol derivatives.
  • the formulations of the invention provide a synergistic preservative effect.
  • the term "synergistic preservative effect” means a preservative effect that is not additive, as would be predicted from the individual effect of each agent, but is instead gives a level of preservation which is above that which would be predicted, i.e., is synergistic.
  • the preservative effect is measured following the guidelines of USP 23.
  • compositions comprising vitamin D compounds, ethanol and propylene glycol (PG). More preferred are compositions comprising paracalcin, ethanol, propylene glycol and further comprising water. Most preferred are compositions comprising paracalcin, 20% (v/v) ethanol, 30% (v/v) PG, and 50% (v/v) water.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides a solution that is suitable to provide a synergistic preservative effect to therapeutic agents dissolved therein.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides terminally sterilized formulations of the present invention.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a formulation which provides a final dosage form of paracalcin which contains 5 ⁇ g/ml paracalcin, ethanol, propylene glycol, and water.
  • Figure 1 shows the preservative effectiveness of a 20% (v/v) ethanol solution.
  • Figure 2 shows the preservative effectiveness of a 30% (v/v) propylene glycol solution.
  • Figure 3 shows the predicted preservative effectiveness of a 20% (v/v) ethanol/30% (v/v) propylene glycol solution.
  • Figure 4 shows the actual preservative effectiveness of a 20% (v/v) ethanol/30% (v/v) propylene glycol solution.
  • Figure 5 shows the preservative effectiveness of a 30% (v/v) ethanol/20% (v/v) propylene glycol solution.
  • Figure 6 shows the preservative effectiveness of a 40% (v/v) ethanol/10% (v/v) propylene glycol solution.
  • the present invention provides a self-preserved, stable, formulation of a therapeutic agent in a cosolvent formulation.
  • the therapeutic agent which can be utilized with the formulations of the present invention may be selected from the entire range of biologically and/or pharmacologically active substances which lack adequate solubility in aqueous systems, that is, agents which lack adequate solubility in water to yield an effective therapeutic dose.
  • the precise biological activity of the substance is immaterial so long as the substance can be dissolved in the present formulations. More preferred are agents which are soluble at less than 1 ⁇ g/ml in water.
  • Preferred agents of this subclass are vitamin D compounds, for example, calcitriol and paracalcin.
  • vitamin D compound means vitamin D and its derivatives.
  • Exemplary vitamin D compounds are 19-nor-1 ⁇ ,3 ⁇ ,25-trihydroxy-9,10- secoergosta-5,7(E),22(E)-triene (generic name paracalcin) and 1 ⁇ , 25 - dihydroxycholecalciferol (generic name calcitriol).
  • low molecular weight alcohol means an aliphatic alcohol of from 1 to 5 carbons, e.g., ethanol, propanol, butanol, etc. Ethanol is listed on the
  • FDA United States Food and Drug Administration's
  • glycol derivative refers to liquid or solid compounds e.g., glycerin, as well as polymers of glycol, e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG) and propylene glycol (PG).
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • PG propylene glycol
  • Preferred for parenteral administration are liquid polymers, typically having molecular weight less than 1 ,000.
  • the most preferred glycol derivative is PG.
  • the organic solvent may comprise up to 100% of the excipient in the compositions of the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the clinical arts that the amount of organic solvent in the preferred parenteral formulations of the invention should be kept to a minimum. At the same time the requirements of manufacturing and required dosage ranges must be considered to ensure adequate solubility of the vitamin D compound in the present formulations.
  • the amount of low molecular weight alcohol may range from zero to one
  • the preferred range is about 15 to about 50% with the preferred alcohol being ethanol.
  • the therapeutic agent is paracalcin, the most preferred are solutions containing 20% ethanol.
  • the amount of glycol derivative may also vary from zero to 100%. The preferred range is about 15 to about 35%.
  • the preferred glycol derivative is propylene glycol at 30%.
  • the total amount of organic solvent comprises less than 100% of the volume, the remainder can be made up with water.
  • the preferred amount of water is 50%.
  • the most preferred formulation of the present invention contains about 15 to about 50% ethanol, about 15 to about 50% PG, and the balance, if needed, water.
  • the amount of the therapeutic agent in the formulations of the invention is dependent merely on the solubility of the agent in the excipients of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can, without undue experimentation, determine the solubility of any therapeutic agent in the compositions described herein.
  • the amount of the therapeutic agent is not critical to the present invention and may be varied so as to obtain an amount of the agent that is effective to achieve the desired therapeutic response for a particular patient, composition, and mode of administration.
  • the selected dosage level will depend on the activity of the therapeutic agent, the route of administration, the severity of the condition being treated and the condition and prior medical history of the patient being treated.
  • the preferred therapeutic dose for the preferred vitamin D compounds is between about 2 and about 10 ⁇ g/ml, 5 ⁇ g/ml being most preferred.
  • the cosolvent formulations of the present invention provide certain advantages over prior art formulations.
  • the formulations of the present invention are more readily manufactured, both in ease of manufacture and in the omission of steps to prevent peroxide formation in the resulting formulation, and may be more readily tolerated by patients for whom excess lipid exposure is a concern.
  • the formulations of the present invention omit the use of surfactants, which can cause irritation at the site of injection in some patients.
  • the formulations of the present invention also avoid the use of buffering agents in order to control the pH of the solution. This is an additional advantage in manufacturing and provides a further advantage of avoiding the source of aluminum in the finished formulation.
  • the present formulations do not suffer from discoloration due to the use of antioxidants, as such excipients are not required.
  • buffers, surfactants and additional excipients may be added to the present formulation, such additional components are not critical to achieve the self-preserving feature or to maintain the stability of the therapeutic agents therein.
  • a further advantage of the formulations of the present invention is that the formulations may be terminally sterilized.
  • terminal sterilization generally includes, but is not intended to be limited to, autoclaving, gamma radiation and electron beam sterilization techniques.
  • terminal sterilization will primarily refer to autoclaving processes.
  • aseptic fill techniques may also be employed, however, terminal sterilization is preferred.
  • Terminal sterilization provides greater sterility assurance level (SAL) (10" 6) than that of aseptic filling (10"3).
  • SAL sterility assurance level
  • terminal sterilization of the formulations of the present invention sterilized by autoclaving, imparts a 10 ⁇ fold increase in SAL of the final product over aseptic filling techniques.
  • Parenteral products manufactured having a high SAL reduce patient exposure to potential infections.
  • the formulations of the present invention provide yet another advantage over prior art formulations. Ethanol is well known for being a bactericidal and fungicidal agent, although ordinary use would involve ethanol at a concentration in excess of 70%.
  • Ethanol is not used as a preservative per the definition of USP 23 and is not listed as preservative in any drug formulation listed in Physicians Desk Reference (1995).
  • Propylene glycol has been defined as a true preservative and at least one formulation has used this solvent at a concentration of 3%.
  • combinations of these preferred solvents provide an antimicrobial effect greater than that which would be predicted from the additive effect of the solvents.
  • the synergistic effect is observed with respect to at least three of the organisms that are used in the well-recognized test USP 23.
  • a further advantage provided by the formulations of the present invention is in the ability to package therapeutic agents in packaging, e.g., vials, which are suitable for multiple use.
  • a paracalcin formulation for parenteral administration may be supplied in a sterile unit dose flint glass vial or ampoule of 1 , 2, or 5 ml.
  • the dosage forms are stable for extended periods and can be stored at temperatures of from about 15° to 30° C.
  • Each 1 ml of solution preferably contains 5 ⁇ g of paracalcin, .2 ml ethanol, .3 ml PG, and water for injection q.s. It is understood by those skilled in the art that all components of the present formulations are of a pharmaceutically acceptable grade and quality.
  • Ampoules or vials containing the formulations of the present invention may be aseptically filled using a series of filters to assure a sterility assurance level (SAL) of 1 X 10 -3. More preferably, ampoules or vials containing the formulations of the present invention may be filled and then terminally sterilized to provide a SAL of 1 X 10 _ 6.
  • a solution of a formulation of the present invention may be filtered, using a 0.45 micrometer ( ⁇ m) or finer membrane filter (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA. 01730), into ampoules.
  • the containers may be sealed and terminally sterilized. Terminal sterilization of the final product may be done under conditions that are suitable to maintain the stability of the product.
  • the formulations are terminally sterilized at an F 0 of about 8 to about 18.
  • F 0 means the integrated lethality or equivalent minutes at 121 .1 1 ° C and is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a F 0 of 8 denotes a sterilization cycle run at 121.11 ° C, with saturated steam for 8 minutes
  • a F 0 of 18 denotes a cycle at 121 .1 1 ° C, with saturated steam for 18 minutes.
  • Example 1 Solubility of paracalcin in a cosolvent system An adequate amount of paracalcin was weighed and added to 10 ml of cosolvent contained in a 10 ml stoppered glass test tube. Two samples were prepared for each cosolvent composition. The test tubes containing samples were shaken in a 25°C reciprocal shaking water bath at 100 rpm. Upon complete dissolution, an aliquot was filtered through a 0.45 micron syringe filter and the filtrate diluted 1 :1 with 50% methanol. The resulting diluted material was measured for the content of paracalcin. Table 1 shows the results of concentration of paracalcin in the listed cosolvent systems. TABLE 1
  • Example 2 Stability of paracalcin in a cosolvent formulation Samples of paracalcin (5 ⁇ g/ml) in 20% ethanol/ 30% propylene glycol/50% water were prepared for stability testing. In an appropriate vessel, water for injection to approximately 30% of final volume is added. Propylene glycol is added to the vessel with mixing. In a separate container, the specified amount of paracalcin is dissolved in a portion of the ethanol (190 proof non-beverage), which is obtained from the total volume of ethanol specified for the batch, and added to the vessel with mixing. An additional aliquot of the batch ethanol is used to rinse the container and the rinsing solution is added to the vessel with mixing. The remaining alcohol is added to the vessel with mixing. Q.s. with water for injection to final volume and mix for approximately 30 minutes. The solution is filtered through a 0.45 micron membrane and dispensed into ampuls. Each ampul is flame sealed and autoclaved to F 0 16.
  • a second set of ampuls are stored at 40°C and tested at 1 , 2, and 3 months.
  • a final set are stored at 30°C and tested at 1 , 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months.
  • the USP test organisms include the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Eschehchia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a yeast (Candida albicans), and a mold (Aspergillus niger).
  • the bacteria In order to meet the criteria of the USP 23 preservative effectiveness test, the bacteria must demonstrate a 90% (1 logarithmic) reduction at Day 7 and a 99.9% (3 logarithmic) reduction at Day 14 from the initial inoculum level.
  • the yeast and mold must not increase from the initial inoculum level.
  • the initial inoculum level can either be calculated by knowing the stock culture concentration or by using a buffer control instead of the test solution.
  • Figure 4 shows the unexpected result of the actual preserving effect that a combination of 20% ethanol and 30% propylene glycol is not additive, but is synergistic.
  • the mold, A. niger is completely killed, i.e., the number of microorganisms remaining is below the detection limits of the assay, by the cosolvent within the 7 days.
  • the addition of paracalcin to the 20% ethanol/30% PG formulation has no effect on the preservative effect of the formulation (data not shown).
  • Figures 5 and 6 demonstrate that the ratio of ethanol and PG is not critical to the self-preserving properties of this cosolvent formulation.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
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  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à des formulations pharmaceutiques stables d'un agent thérapeutique, d'un alcool à faible poids moléculaire et d'un dérivé de glycol. Des formulations préférées contiennent le composé 19-nor-1α,3β,25-trihydroxy-9,10-sécoergosta-5,7(E),22(E)-triène.
PCT/US1999/006196 1998-04-08 1999-03-22 Formulations de cosolvants WO1999051271A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69920201T DE69920201T2 (de) 1998-04-08 1999-03-22 Zusammensetzungen enthaltend glykolderivate, alkohole und vitamin d
AT99914970T ATE275974T1 (de) 1998-04-08 1999-03-22 Zusammensetzungen enthaltend glykolderivate, alkohole und vitamin d
EP99914970A EP1073467B1 (fr) 1998-04-08 1999-03-22 Formulations de co-solvants contenant de vitamin d
AU33598/99A AU758989B2 (en) 1998-04-08 1999-03-22 Cosolvent formulations
CA002326198A CA2326198C (fr) 1998-04-08 1999-03-22 Formulations de cosolvants
JP2000542041A JP4664499B2 (ja) 1998-04-08 1999-03-22 共溶媒処方物

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/057,143 US6136799A (en) 1998-04-08 1998-04-08 Cosolvent formulations
US09/057,143 1998-04-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999051271A2 true WO1999051271A2 (fr) 1999-10-14
WO1999051271A3 WO1999051271A3 (fr) 1999-11-18

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Country Status (11)

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US (2) US6136799A (fr)
EP (1) EP1073467B1 (fr)
JP (4) JP4664499B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE275974T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU758989B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2326198C (fr)
DE (1) DE69920201T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK1073467T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2229693T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT1073467E (fr)
WO (1) WO1999051271A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

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WO2007011951A2 (fr) * 2005-07-18 2007-01-25 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Preparation de paricalcitol
WO2007133747A3 (fr) * 2006-05-15 2008-03-27 Wisconsin Alumni Res Found ADMINISTRATION PULMONAIRE DE LA 1α,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMINE D3 AVEC COADMINISTRATION DE PARATHORMONE OU DE CALCITONINE
EP2545940A1 (fr) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-16 hameln rds gmbh Préparations parentérales
US8541399B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2013-09-24 Resolution Chemicals Limited Solvent-based sterilisation of pharmaceuticals

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US6136799A (en) * 1998-04-08 2000-10-24 Abbott Laboratories Cosolvent formulations
CA2427825A1 (fr) * 2000-11-07 2002-05-16 North Carolina State University Promoteur de la putrescine-n-methyltransferase
WO2003047595A1 (fr) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-12 Novacea, Inc. Compositions pharmaceutiques comprenant des composes actifs de vitamine d
US20040058895A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-03-25 Bone Care International, Inc. Multi-use vessels for vitamin D formulations
US7148211B2 (en) * 2002-09-18 2006-12-12 Genzyme Corporation Formulation for lipophilic agents
US20040053895A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-03-18 Bone Care International, Inc. Multi-use vessels for vitamin D formulations
US20050026877A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-02-03 Novacea, Inc. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising active vitamin D compounds
US20050020546A1 (en) * 2003-06-11 2005-01-27 Novacea, Inc. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising active vitamin D compounds
US20060189586A1 (en) * 2003-06-11 2006-08-24 Cleland Jeffrey L Pharmaceutical compositions comprising active vitamin D compounds
US20050148557A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2005-07-07 Jin Tian Use of Vitamin Ds to treat kidney disease
US20060009425A1 (en) * 2004-05-28 2006-01-12 Leticia Delgado-Herrera Oral formulations of paricalcitol
US20070166187A1 (en) * 2006-01-18 2007-07-19 Song Jing F Stabilization of paricalcitol using chlorobutyl or chlorinated butyl stoppers
US20100075933A1 (en) * 2008-07-28 2010-03-25 Sunita Vijay Shelke Injectable compositions of vitamin d compounds
US20110033529A1 (en) * 2009-08-06 2011-02-10 Durga Prasad Samantaray Oral pharmaceutical paricalcitol formulations
NZ703347A (en) 2012-06-29 2016-05-27 Wisconsin Alumni Res Found Use of 2-methylene-19-nor-(20s)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism
ES2698403T3 (es) * 2012-12-27 2019-02-04 Pharmathen Sa Composición farmacéutica inyectable estable de agonista de receptor de vitamina D y proceso para su preparación
US10369161B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2019-08-06 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Use of 2-methylene-19-NOR-(20S)-1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to treat primary hyperparathyroidism
US9539264B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2017-01-10 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Use of 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients previously treated with calcimimetics
CN106265492B (zh) * 2015-06-04 2020-12-11 成都国为生物医药有限公司 一种含有帕立骨化醇的药物组合物及其制备方法
WO2018044468A1 (fr) 2016-08-30 2018-03-08 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation COMBINAISON D'UNE FAIBLE DOSE DE 2-MÉTHYLÈNE-19-NOR-(20S)-1α,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMINE D3 ET D'AGENTS CALCIMIMÉTIQUES POUR TRAITER UNE HYPERPARATHYROÏDIE SECONDAIRE

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WO1999051271A3 (fr) 1999-11-18
CA2326198A1 (fr) 1999-10-14
DE69920201T2 (de) 2005-09-29
US6136799A (en) 2000-10-24
DK1073467T3 (da) 2005-01-03
EP1073467A2 (fr) 2001-02-07
AU758989B2 (en) 2003-04-03
JP2014129360A (ja) 2014-07-10
JP2016053046A (ja) 2016-04-14
PT1073467E (pt) 2004-12-31
JP2011037860A (ja) 2011-02-24
JP2002510652A (ja) 2002-04-09
JP4664499B2 (ja) 2011-04-06
US6361758B1 (en) 2002-03-26
AU3359899A (en) 1999-10-25
JP5887368B2 (ja) 2016-03-16
CA2326198C (fr) 2009-06-09
ES2229693T3 (es) 2005-04-16
ATE275974T1 (de) 2004-10-15
EP1073467B1 (fr) 2004-09-15
DE69920201D1 (de) 2004-10-21
JP5548079B2 (ja) 2014-07-16

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