WO1999040381A1 - Generateur de particules de glace, de neige, ou nucleateur, integre dans une tete de pulverisation d'eau - Google Patents
Generateur de particules de glace, de neige, ou nucleateur, integre dans une tete de pulverisation d'eau Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999040381A1 WO1999040381A1 PCT/FR1999/000258 FR9900258W WO9940381A1 WO 1999040381 A1 WO1999040381 A1 WO 1999040381A1 FR 9900258 W FR9900258 W FR 9900258W WO 9940381 A1 WO9940381 A1 WO 9940381A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- water
- chamber
- nozzles
- nozzle
- nucleation device
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
- B05B7/0807—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
- F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
- F25C2303/048—Snow making by using means for spraying water
- F25C2303/0481—Snow making by using means for spraying water with the use of compressed air
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a generator of ice or snow particles, also called nucleation device or nucleator, integrated in a head for spraying water under pressure for the manufacture of artificial snow.
- nucleation devices are practically essential when the production of artificial snow is carried out by means of simple water spray heads, in order to carry out a sowing and a rapid production of snow, that is to say even under boundary conditions. of temperature and humidity.
- Nucleation devices are devices particularly sensitive to atmospheric conditions and in particular to freezing.
- nucleators also operate with a very low water flow rate and are generally supplied by a special circuit which regulates the flow rate and the pressure, which circuit is installed bypassing the circuit for supplying pressurized water to the different nozzles. the spray head.
- the present invention provides a nucleation device which. by its design and its association with the spray head, overcomes the drawbacks mentioned above.
- the nucleation device comprises means for injecting a small jet of water under pressure into an air stream, at high speed, with a very high air / water ratio, and the air-water mixture. takes place either internally in a mixing chamber integrated into the spray head, or externally, that is to say outside of said head, and these water injection means at least are located in said head and soak in the water circuit which continuously supplies pressure to the spray nozzle (s) and, simultaneously, said injection means.
- the air / water ratio of this nucleation device is at least equal to 200, and the injection of water into the stream of pressurized air takes place through one or more orifices of section very small, with a diameter of the order of 1 mm and less.
- This particularly small section makes it possible to achieve a significant pressure drop at the nucleator level and above all avoids any recourse to a pressure reducing system when the pressurized water comes from the supply circuit of the nozzles of the spray head.
- the pressure in this supply circuit of the nozzles can vary in significant proportions, without influencing the operation of the nucleation device.
- the nucleation device which performs an external mixing comprises an air spray nozzle which is provided with a deflector for producing a flat spectrum jet, and it comprises a nozzle or nozzle for spraying the water, the jet of which strikes the flat air flow at an angle of the order of 45 °.
- the nucleation device is in the form of a mini high-pressure snow cannon supplied with pressurized air and directly with pressurized water by means of the supply channel of the spray nozzle (s), which mini barrel is in the form of a cartridge implanted in the spray head and this cartridge extends between a channel for supplying pressurized air and the downstream external wall of said head, crossing at least one channel supplying pressurized water to one or more spray nozzles.
- the mixing chamber of the mini barrel is cylindrical in shape and its diameter is slightly greater than the diameter of the nozzle, or nozzle, at the end, which nozzle has an outlet orifice the section, which is circular or oval, has a diameter equivalent to a maximum of 10 mm.
- the orifice (s) which allow the injection of pressurized water into the mixing chamber comprise a hole opening into said chamber, the diameter of which is of the order of 1 mm and of which the length is of the same order as said diameter, which hole can be arranged in the center of a borehole or counterbore of large diameter, at least ten times the diameter of said through hole, so as to form a kind of diaphragm at the level of the entry of the water jet into said mixing chamber.
- the present invention also provides, in combination with these nucleators, a spray head whose capacities can, for example, be easily modified as required.
- the spray head with which the nucleation device is associated consists of a body which comprises at least two spray nozzles supplied separately with pressurized water, which head comprises a foot, a foot which is arranged so as to allow its attachment to a pole, which pole comprises for example several water supply conduits and possibly pressurized air, which conduits are arranged in relation to orifices arranged in said foot to supply the different nozzles of said head.
- the body of the spray head consists of a molded part of annular or other shape, made of light alloy for example, which part is provided with supply chambers for the spray nozzles of the pressurized water, which chambers are for example obtained directly by molding, each of them being supplied by means of a channel disposed at the lower part of the body so as to allow the total emptying of said chambers when the spray head is inactive , which chambers are moreover adjacent, arranged side by side, offset axially with respect to the axis of the spray jet, and they are each traversed by axial holes which make it possible to accommodate said spray nozzles in the form of cartridges, which cartridges comprise at least one orifice which opens into one of the chambers, to allow their supply of pressurized water.
- the spray head can thus include families of nozzles; each family being fed by the same room.
- the spray head comprises, upstream of the supply chambers for spraying the pressurized water nozzles, a chamber supplied with pressurized air, and the cartridge of the nucleation device passes through the various water chambers. under pressure and opens at its upstream end into said pressurized air chamber, which cartridge also comprises at least one orifice which opens into one of said pressurized water chambers, and in particular the main chamber arranged upstream from the others , to allow the injection of water into the air flow which circulates in said cartridge through the mixing chamber, and this air-water mixture is sprayed by the nucleator nozzle in the form of ice or snow.
- the spray head with incorporated nucleation device comprises at least two nozzles supplied separately by separate circuits of pressurized water, these nozzles are arranged radially on the periphery of a tubular jacket, the axis is close to vertical under normal operating conditions, which jacket contains a core which is provided with radial partitions to divide the internal space of said jacket in leaktight manner into several chambers: - a main chamber and - at least a secondary chamber which is implemented after the main chamber if necessary, which chambers serve to supply one or more nozzles, which core is provided with internal channels connected to said pressurized water circuits so as to supply each chamber.
- the upper part of the spray head comprises a cap provided with at least one nucleation device arranged next to or in the field of the nozzle (s) of the main chamber, which device is supplied with water and in pressurized air, which supply takes place, for water, via the supply channel of said main chamber, which channel passes through said cap, and the air supply takes place at by means of a specific channel arranged in the core and in the cap, in the center of the latter.
- the nucleation device is integrated radially into the head, passing through the tubular jacket and is fitted into the central core up to the pressurized air inlet channel.
- the nucleation device comprises a cartridge constituting the mixing chamber and two nozzles for spraying the air-water mixture, each nozzle being oriented parallel to the faces of the dihedrons in which, for example, the water spray nozzles are aligned. under pressure.
- the body of the nucleation device soaks in the water which circulates in the main chamber, preventing freezing and blockage of the small orifice (s) due to the permanent circulation of water in said chamber.
- the different supply channels of the chambers of said head open out at the bottom of each chamber thus allowing total emptying. of these when the installation stops.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a spray head capable of being associated with a nucleation device according to the invention
- - Figure 2 shows schematically and simply functional, a section of the body of the spray head and the implantation of a cartridge acting as a spray nozzle, supplied by the upstream chamber of said body;
- FIG. 3 shows, as in Figure 2, a schematic section of the body of the spray head with a cartridge acting as a nozzle, arranged to cooperate with the central chamber;
- FIG 4 shows as before, a cartridge acting as a spray nozzle, cooperating with the downstream chamber of the body;
- - Figure 5 shows the supply of the different chambers of the body of the spray head
- - Figure 6 shows an elevation in longitudinal and vertical section of a spray head according to a first embodiment of the nucleation device according to the invention
- FIG. 7 shows a front view of the spray head shown in Figure 6;
- - Figure 8 shows a rear view of the spray head shown in Figures 6 and 7;
- - Figure 9 shows in more detail, the nucleation device installed upstream of the body of the spray head as shown in Figures 6 to 8;
- - Figure 10 shows an alternative layout of the nucleation device in the spray head, which nucleation device is in the form of a mini snow gun of the high pressure type;
- FIG. 11 shows an alternative embodiment of the spray head according to the invention with a vertical and axial section of the nucleation device
- - Figure 12 shows in detail and enlarged, an orifice for introducing pressurized water into the mixing chamber of the nucleation device
- FIG. 17 shows a variant of the spray head shown in Figure 11, in vertical section passing through the nucleation device
- - Figure 18 shows a section along 18-18 of Figure 17;
- - Figure 19 shows a variant of a nucleation device with two nozzles, common to two rows of spray nozzles.
- the spray head can be, as shown in FIG. 1, in the form of an annular sleeve 1 carried by a base or foot 2. This head has on its downstream face 3, several orifices represented by crosses. The water which arrives under pressure at the level of these orifices is sprayed axially.
- This spray head 1 is arranged to receive at the aforementioned orifices, several families of spray nozzles such as for example family number 1 which includes the nozzles marked 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 ...
- Each family 1, 2, 3 is supplied with pressurized water in a separate manner, according to characteristics specific to each of them.
- the head 1 and in particular its body comprises several chambers as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, each of the chambers serving to supply a family or series of spray nozzles.
- FIGS. 2 to 5 show, schematically and simply functional, a section of the body of the spray head.
- This body of annular shape, FIG. 1, can just as well be rectilinear or other as for example in the shape of a tuning fork; it comprises several chambers and in particular three chambers in the examples detailed in FIGS. 2 to 5.
- the spray nozzle 11 shown in FIG. 2 is a nozzle which corresponds to family number 1. This nozzle is in communication with the chamber 5 which receives pressurized water, as shown in FIG. 5, by means of a pipe d food 15.
- each chamber 5, 6 or 7 is therefore usable for supplying the different families of nozzles.
- the chamber 5 feeds the nozzles of the family number 1.
- the cartridge 12 in fact comprises one or more orifices 21 which make it possible to put the chamber 5 in communication with the nozzle, the water being ejected through the nozzle 13.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 represent, like FIG. 2, a section of the chambers 5, 6 and 7 as well as of the nozzles 11.
- FIG. 3 shows a nozzle 11, the cartridge 12 of which has orifices 22 which enable said nozzle to be placed in communication with the chamber 6 for spraying water under pressure through the nozzle 13.
- FIG. 4 shows the nozzle 11 and in particular its cartridge 12 provided with orifices 23 which put said nozzle in communication with the chamber 7.
- FIG. 1 illustrates, for a first embodiment, a spray head which comprises a body in the form of an annular sleeve provided with a foot 2.
- the body and the foot 2 are preferably produced by molding in a single piece, of alloy lightweight.
- the chambers 5, 6 and 7 which are annular in shape, can be obtained directly by molding.
- the foot 2 comprises the channels corresponding to the pipes 15, 16 and 17 shown in FIG. 5.
- This foot 2 is also arranged so that it can be fixed for example on a pole 25 like that described in the aforementioned document FR-2,743,872.
- This pole 25 which appears in thin dashed lines in FIG. 6, comprises pipes obtained for example directly by spinning, which make it possible to supply pressurized water to the chambers of the spraying device and, in addition, thanks to a central pipe, supplying pressurized air to a nucleation device or nucleator.
- This channel 18 is used to supply pressurized air to the nucleation device 27 which is shown in section in FIG. 6 and in more detail in FIG. 9.
- This nucleation device comprises a support 29 in the form of a vertical bar centered in the median vertical plane of the spray head and fixed to the upstream inlet of said head.
- This support 29 comprises a channel 30 which is used for the passage of pressurized air and a channel 31 which is used for the passage of pressurized water, which channel 31 is supplied by means of a bypass 32 or tapping on the channel 15 supplying chamber 5 which constitutes the main bedroom.
- the channel 31 also extends to the upper part of the support 29 and it allows the supply of a particular nozzle 11 'which passes through the chambers 5, 6, 7, and the upper part of the support 29.
- This nozzle 11' is present in the form of a cartridge also mounted in leaktight manner in the body 1 and this nozzle 11 ′ is provided, at the level of the channel 31, with orifices 33 which allow the passage of the water under pressure to the nozzle of spray 13.
- a circulation of water is thus obtained in the support 29 and, as detailed below, in the nucleator 27 proper, which has the effect of avoiding freezing or even defrosting the water and / or air nozzle. of said nucleator, during the commissioning of the installation or during its operation.
- the channel 30 arranged in the support 29 is in communication with the channel 18 which conveys the air under pressure.
- Figure 9 shows in more detail, the nucleator 27 itself.
- this nucleator comprises a central nozzle 35 which sprays the air brought under pressure through the channel 30, and a nozzle 36 for spraying the water which is brought under pressure through the channel 31.
- the pressurized air arrives in a chamber 37 fitted in the support 29 and centered on the axis 9 of the spray head.
- This chamber 37 is closed by a cap 39 fixed at the rear, that is to say upstream of the support 29, and this cap supports a filter 40 which is interposed between the channel 30 and the nozzle 35.
- the nozzle 35 is mounted on a drilled block 41 which is fixed on the downstream face of the support 29.
- This block 41 has an axial cavity centered on the axis 9 to accommodate the nozzle 35 and there is a chamber 42 arranged around the nozzle 35 , substantially at mid-length, which chamber 42 communicates with channels 43 which allow a junction of the channels 31 arranged in the lower part and in the upper part of the support 29.
- These channels 43 establish a continuous circulation of water in the bored block 41, around the nozzle 36 and around the nozzle 35.
- the nozzle 35 is a nozzle of the type provided with a deflector 45 which makes it possible to obtain a flat jet.
- This flat air jet is struck by the water jet from the nozzle 36.
- This nozzle 36 is in fact placed under the nozzle 35, making an angle of the order of 45 ° with the axis 9 of the nozzle 35.
- the orifice 38 of the nozzle 36 has a very small diameter, less than 1 mm. This nozzle 36 soaks in the water which circulates to supply the nozzle 11 ′, which makes it possible to avoid freezing and blocking of the orifice 38.
- this orifice 38 by its very small size, allows to obtain a regular jet regardless of the pressure in the supply circuit of the nozzle 11 '.
- the above nucleation device is of the external mixing type, that is to say that the water and the air are mixed outside the spray head but in the central cavity 39 of the body and upstream nozzles 11.
- the ai-water mixture is carried out with a very large ratio at least equal to 200.
- FIG. 7 shows the different nozzles 11 distributed on the downstream face 3 of the body of the head as well as the nozzle 11 'disposed at the upper part in the median vertical plane.
- the jets of these different nozzles are for example flat spectrum sprinklers, arranged in planes parallel to each other so as to form strata.
- nozzle 35 placed in the center of the spraying device as well as the nozzle 36 which projects a jet of pressurized water into the air jet of the nozzle 35.
- the various nozzles 11 and the nozzle 11 ′ cause and induce an air current in the body of the head 1 and around said body, promoting the water / air mixture for the formation of snow.
- FIG. 8 shows, seen from the rear, the spray head provided with the nucleation device 27.
- the nozzle 11 ′ is also fixed by means of a screw 51 which appears in FIGS. 6 and 8.
- FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment in which the nucleator is directly integrated into the body of the spray head.
- This nucleator is in fact in the form of a particular cartridge in the form of a mini high-pressure snow cannon, placed at the upper part of the body of the head 1.
- the body further comprises chambers 5, 6 and 7 which are supplied with pressurized water, a chamber 4 arranged upstream of the preceding chambers, also of annular shape, and which is supplied with pressurized air by means of channel 18 which is fitted in foot 2 and communicates with said room 4.
- a nucleator consisting of a mini-barrel 52 and conventional spray nozzles 11 distributed over the downstream face 3 of the body of the head according to several families, each of these families being supplied by means of chambers 5, 6 or 7 as required with, of course, all the possibilities for producing a sort of mixture of nozzles.
- the nozzle or mini-barrel 52 comprises a cartridge 53 which passes tightly through the chambers 5, 6 and 7.
- This cartridge 53 is provided with an axial cavity which acts as a mixing chamber 54 and its wall is pierced with at least one orifice 55 located in the chamber 5, which chamber is supplied with water under pressure.
- the cartridge 53 thus dips in the water supplying the nozzles 11, which makes it possible to avoid freezing of the orifice (s) 55.
- the orifice (s) 55 have a cross section which corresponds to or which is even less than the circular cross section of an orifice whose diameter is of the order of 1 mm.
- the pressure drop caused by this or these orifices allows an operation of the nucleator whatever the pressure of the water in the chamber 5 in particular.
- the upstream wall of the mixing chamber 54 has orifices 56 to allow the passage of pressurized air from the chamber 4.
- the water-air mixture takes place in the chamber 54 and exits through the nozzle or nozzle 57. It is a mixture with a high air / water ratio, at least equal to 200.
- the upstream end of the cartridge 53 is in the form of a central rod 59 at the level of the channel 60 which connects the room 8 with room 54 of the mini cannon. Upstream of the rod 59, there is the assembly screw 50 'which makes it possible to fix the cartridge 53 constituting the mini-barrel 52, on the body 1 thanks to the shoulder 61 located at the downstream part of said cartridge. This shoulder is also found, identically, on the cartridges 12 detailed previously.
- the spray head shown in Figure 1 and Figure 11, is more particularly intended to be installed also at the end of a pole as in the case of the installation described in patent FR-2,743,872 of the applicant.
- a part 63 can serve as an intermediary, as shown in FIG. 11.
- This part 63 is slightly bent to give the head 1 a favorable inclination, close to the vertical, or slightly inclined to cause the water to be sprayed at an angle which favors projection over the greatest possible distance depending on needs and site.
- the head 1, FIG. 11, consists of a tubular jacket 64 and a cylindrical core 65 centered in said jacket, and whose diameter is less than that of said jacket to allow the passage of water under pressure.
- the core 65 comprises circular radial partitions which divide the internal space between the jacket 64 and said core, in several chambers.
- a main chamber 66 at the upper part of the spray head, delimited by the partitions 67 and 69 of the core 65, - an intermediate chamber 70 delimited by the partitions 69 and 71 and a lower chamber 72 delimited by the partitions 71 and 73.
- the partition 73 is located at the lower part of the core 65 and the partition 67 at the upper part.
- Each chamber supplies one or more nozzles 75 located on one or more generators of the cylindrical envelope of the jacket 64.
- the chamber 66 which constitutes the main chamber, may comprise several nozzles 75 distributed over several generators.
- the sprinklers 75 of the chambers 70 and 72 are complementary sprinklers which are used independently of those of the chamber 66, depending on the climatic conditions to increase the quantities of snow produced according to these climatic conditions.
- Each room is supplied by a channel which opens at its lower part.
- FIG. 11 the orifice 76 which opens into the chamber 66 at its lower part, that is to say at the level of the partition 69 of the core 65.
- An orifice 77 opens at the lower part of the chamber 70 at level of the partition 71, and an orifice 79 opens into the chamber 72 at the level of the partition 73.
- the seal between the jacket 64 and the various partitions 67, 69, 71 and 73 is produced by means of O-ring seals 80 arranged in the thickness of said partitions.
- the lower part of the core 65 comprises a base 81 in the form of a radial shoulder, on which the lower end 82 of the jacket 64.
- the core 65 extends above the upper end 83 of the jacket 64 and is covered by a cap 84 which is fixed by screws 85 taken in the upper cylindrical end 86 of the core 65.
- the joint plane 87 between the jacket 64 and the cap 84 is disposed between the O-ring 80 of the partition 67 and an O-ring 89 disposed in a groove arranged in the upper cylindrical end 86 of the core 65.
- the cap 84 is positioned relative to the core 65 in a precise manner either by means of an original distribution of the screws 85 and / or a centering pin 90. This position of the cap 84 makes it possible to place the shirt 64 in a precise position also by means of the centering pin 90 interposed between the two at the joint plane 87.
- the cap 84 comprises at least one nucleation device 91 which in fact acts as nucleator, for manufacturing particles of ice or snow which then will seed the various jets coming from the nozzles 75 of the spray head.
- This nucleation device 91 comprises a cylindrical cartridge-shaped body 92 inserted radially into an orifice fitted for this purpose in the cap 84, and a nozzle or nozzle 93 which is preferably oriented towards the jets of the different nozzles or nozzles 75 so to carry out the seeding.
- the cartridge 92 of the nucleation device is fixed by any appropriate means in the cap 84, by screwing for example; it will be detailed later.
- the sprinklers 75 are supplied with pressurized water from channels which bring the pressurized water into the different chambers.
- the distribution of these channels in the core 65 appears on the different sections represented in FIGS. 14 to 16 and, in dotted lines in FIG. 11.
- the nucleation device 91 which in fact constitutes a sort of mini high-pressure snow cannon with very high air / water ratio, at least equal to 200, is supplied with pressurized water by means of one of the supply channels of the rooms and in particular by means of the channel which feeds the main room 66.
- This mini cannon is also supplied with pressurized air.
- a channel 95 disposed in the center of the core 65, which extends into the cap 84, in the form of a central blind hole. This channel 95 allows the pressurized air to be brought up to the level of the nucleation device 91 and in particular to the downstream inlet of the mixing chamber of said device, detailed below.
- the chamber 66 is arranged just below the nucleation device 91; it is supplied with pressurized water by means of a channel 96 which also extends into the cap 84, which cap has an annular cavity 97 which is crossed by the cartridge 92 of the nucleation device 91.
- the channel 96 extends over the entire length of the core 65; it communicates with the annular cavity 97 arranged in the cap 84 and a second channel 99 arranged in the core 65 extends from said cavity 97 of the cap 84, to the lower part of the chamber 66, opening at the level of the orifice 76 in said chamber to supply the latter.
- the chamber 66 supplies several nozzles 75, arranged in pairs on two different generators. These nozzles 75 are aligned vertically with the nozzles arranged at the level of the other chambers 70 and 72 and also with the nucleation devices 91.
- the orifice 76 is located at the lower part of the chamber 66.
- a small channel 100 of small diameter which extends between channel 99 and channel 96, arranged in such a way that it allows total drainage of the water located in chamber 66, when the water supply is cut off.
- the diameter of this channel 100 is of the order of 1 / 5th of the diameter of the channels 96 and 99 in order to maintain a preferential circulation of the water under pressure, in the cavity 97 of the cap 84.
- FIG. 15 shows a section at the orifice 77 which allows the supply of the chamber 70 and the nozzles 75.
- This orifice 77 is supplied by means of a channel 101 which extends axially in the core 65.
- FIG. 16 corresponds to a section at the orifice 79 which is used to supply the chamber 72 and the lower nozzles 75.
- This chamber 72 is supplied by means of a channel 102 which extends parallel to the channel 101, to the channel 96 and the central channel 95 which is used for the passage of compressed air.
- the channel 102 is located under the channel 99, centered practically on the same axis.
- the lower end of the channel 99 and the upper end of the channel 102 are separated by a distance which corresponds substantially to the height of the chamber 70.
- FIG. 12 shows the detail of one of the orifices for introducing pressurized water into the cartridge 92 of the nucleation device 91.
- This cartridge 92 of tubular shape, has in its central part an axial chamber 103 which opens downstream on the side of the nozzle 93 and which is open upstream on the channel 95 in the cap 84.
- the diameter of the axial mixing chamber 103 is substantially greater than the diameter of the outlet nozzle 93.
- the pressurized water which is used to feed the main chamber 66 is introduced radially into the mixing chamber 103 by means of orifices. 94, preferably three orifices distributed over the periphery of the cartridge 92, the jets of which may be concurrent on the axis of said mixing chamber.
- orifices 94 are situated rather upstream of the mixing chamber 103.
- the external wall of the cartridge 92 is drilled radially with a first hole 104 whose diameter is less than 1 mm, and a second hole or counterbore 105 of much larger diameter.
- the diameter of the hole 105 is of the order of ten times the diameter of the hole 104.
- the length of the hole 104 is of the same order as its diameter.
- the nucleation device can have the following characteristics: for an outlet at the nozzle 93 of the order of 5.2 mm, a diameter will be adopted for the mixing chamber 103 of the order of 7 mm and each of the three orifices 104 will have a diameter of the order of
- this nucleation device 91 is similar to a mini snow cannon of the high pressure type, in which the air / water ratio is very high, at least equal to 200 and preferably much higher.
- the spray head 1 and in particular the base 106 of the core 65 is fixed by means of screws 107 on the intermediate connector 63, which connector 63 is itself fixed by means of screws not shown, on the end of the mast 25 .
- FIG. 13 shows the distribution of the screws 85 which make it possible to fix the cap 84 on the upper end of the core 65.
- the distribution of the screws is such, as indicated previously, that it imposes a precise orientation of the head relative to the core 65 and consequently, an orientation defined also for the jacket 64 which carries the nozzles 75, by means of the centering pin 90 interposed between said jacket and said core.
- FIG. 17 represents a variant of the spray head represented in FIG. 11.
- This figure 17 shows a portion of the intermediate piece 63 on which the core 65 'is fixed.
- the core 65 ' is in the form of a molded and machined part, made of light alloy, and resembles a sort of hydraulic drawer threaded in an envelope 64'.
- This envelope 64 ′ is itself made up of a molded piece of light alloy, held between the lower shoulder 81 of the core and the cap 84 ′ which is fixed by screws 85 ′ to the upper end 86 ′ of the core 85 '.
- the chambers 66, 70 and 72 are, as before, arranged between partitions. Thus we find the upper partition 67 which delimits with the partition 69, the annular chamber 66.
- the annular chamber 70 is delimited by the partition 69 and the partition 71.
- This partition 71 is interposed between the chamber 70 and the chamber 72, which annular chamber 72 is delimited at its lower part by the partition or shoulder 73.
- the partitions may have diameters which increase slightly from the end of the core to its base 81.
- These chambers are supplied as previously for the head shown in FIG. 11, by conduits which appear in thin dashed lines and which open out by means of a radial borehole at the bottom of each of said chambers. These radial boreholes are also inclined so as to allow effective and total emptying of each of the chambers to prevent freezing when the spraying stops.
- the orifice 76 which makes it possible to introduce the pressurized water into the chamber 66.
- This introduction into the chamber 66 takes place directly at the lower part without passing, as above, FIG. 11, through the cap 84.
- the chamber 70 is supplied by the orifice 77 and the chamber 72 is supplied by the orifice 79.
- This nucleation device is presented as previously in FIG. 11, in the form of a cartridge 92.
- This cartridge 92 passes through the wall of the envelope 64 ′, in a sealed manner, and it is for example screwed onto this wall; it fits into an orifice 110 arranged radially in the core 65 ', which orifice opens into the channel 95 for supplying air under pressure.
- the nucleation device is supplied with pressurized air at the upstream end of its mixing chamber 103, and the supply of pressurized water is carried out by means of one or more orifices 94 arranged in the wall cartridge 92. These orifices 94 are located in the chamber 66, supplied with pressurized water at the same time as the spray nozzles 75.
- the cartridge 92 of the nucleation device 91 soaks in the water which circulates in the chamber 66 which makes it possible to avoid the phenomena of freezing and blockage of the water injection holes in the mixing chamber 103.
- two nucleation devices 91 can be positioned, making an angle close to 90 ° between them.
- These nucleation devices are arranged at the lower part of the main chamber 66, each under a vertical row of spray nozzles 75, which nozzles are represented three in number in FIG. 17, on the same line and in the same vertical plane.
- the nucleation devices 91 serve to angularly position the casing 64 'of the spray head relative to the core 65' due to their fitting into radial cavities of the latter.
- the nozzle 93 of the nucleation device 91 is oriented like all the nozzles 75, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 109 of the head 1. It is arranged under the nozzles 75 of the main chamber 66 and not above as in the case of the head shown in Figure 11.
- FIGS. 17 and 18 show that the core 65 ′ has a countersink 111 at each of the orifices 110 in which the cartridge 92 of the nucleation devices 91 is fitted.
- FIG. 17 shows an alternative embodiment of the mounting of the nucleation device on the spray heads in the form of columns shown in FIGS. 11 and 17.
- the nucleation device 91 ' comprises a cartridge 92' which is provided with two nozzles or nozzles 93 '.
- the cartridge is centered in the median plane of the dihedron formed by the two rows of spray nozzles 75 while the nozzles 93 'are oriented parallel and respectively to each face of said dihedron.
- nucleator comprises, in this case, orifices
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (19)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69914182T DE69914182D1 (de) | 1998-02-06 | 1999-02-05 | Erzeuger für eispartikel, schneepartikel, oder wasser-luft düse integriert im wassersprühkopf |
EP99902606A EP1053440B1 (fr) | 1998-02-06 | 1999-02-05 | Generateur de particules de glace, de neige, ou nucleateur, integre dans une tete de pulverisation d'eau |
AU22841/99A AU2284199A (en) | 1998-02-06 | 1999-02-05 | Snow, ice particle generator, or nucleation device, integrated in a pressurised water spray head for making artificial snow |
AT99902606T ATE257935T1 (de) | 1998-02-06 | 1999-02-05 | Erzeuger für eispartikel, schneepartikel, oder wasser-luft düse integriert im wassersprühkopf |
US09/601,680 US6508412B1 (en) | 1998-02-06 | 1999-02-05 | Snow, ice particle generator, or nucleation device, integrated in a pressurized water spray head for making artificial snow |
JP2000530751A JP2002502951A (ja) | 1998-02-06 | 1999-02-05 | 人工雪を作る加圧水噴霧へッドに組込まれる氷または雪の粒子の発生器または核生成装置 |
CA002319692A CA2319692A1 (fr) | 1998-02-06 | 1999-02-05 | Generateur de particules de glace, de neige, ou nucleateur, integre dans une tete de pulverisation d'eau |
DE69902400T DE69902400T2 (de) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | Vielfältig gebrauchbarer sprühkopf zur herstellung von kunstschnee |
KR1020017005091A KR20010110294A (ko) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | 인공설을 만드는데 특히 유용한 다목적 분사 헤드 |
JP2000578603A JP2002528695A (ja) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | 人工雪を作るための多目的噴霧ヘッド |
CA2347990A CA2347990C (fr) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | Tete de pulverisation polyvalente utilisable notamment pour la fabrication de neige artificielle |
ES99950816T ES2178481T3 (es) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | Cabeza de pulverizacion polivalente para la fabricacion de nieve artificial. |
PCT/FR1999/002581 WO2000025072A1 (fr) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | Tete de pulverisation polyvalente utilisable notamment pour la fabrication de neige artificielle |
AU63453/99A AU6345399A (en) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | Multipurpose spray head useful in particular for making artificial snow |
US09/830,178 US6719209B1 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | Multipurpose spray head useful in particular for making artificial snow |
AT99950816T ATE221639T1 (de) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | Vielfältig gebrauchbarer sprühkopf zur herstellung von kunstschnee |
EP99950816A EP1123479B1 (fr) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | Tete de pulverisation polyvalente pour la fabrication de neige artificielle |
NO20003957A NO312380B1 (no) | 1998-02-06 | 2000-08-04 | Kjernedannerinnretning integrert i et trykkvannsspröytehode for fremstilling av kunstig sne |
NO20011973A NO313254B1 (no) | 1998-10-23 | 2001-04-20 | Sparyhode anvendbart til flere formål, spesielt til fremstilling av kunstig snö |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9801581A FR2774610B1 (fr) | 1998-02-06 | 1998-02-06 | Dispositif de pulverisation d'eau sous pression |
FR98/01581 | 1998-02-06 | ||
FR9813477A FR2784905B1 (fr) | 1998-10-23 | 1998-10-23 | Tete de pulverisation polyvalente utilisable notamment pour la fabrication de neige artificielle |
FR98/13477 | 1999-02-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999040381A1 true WO1999040381A1 (fr) | 1999-08-12 |
Family
ID=26234124
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1999/000258 WO1999040381A1 (fr) | 1998-02-06 | 1999-02-05 | Generateur de particules de glace, de neige, ou nucleateur, integre dans une tete de pulverisation d'eau |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6508412B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1053440B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002502951A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE257935T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2284199A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2319692A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69914182D1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO312380B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999040381A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4001803A1 (fr) | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-25 | Ingenierie de Loisirs | Tete de pulverisation pour produire de la neige |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2259729T3 (es) | 2001-12-11 | 2006-10-16 | Nivis Gmbh - Srl | Aparato para hacer nieve y metodo para manejar un aparato para hacer nieve. |
US20040004134A1 (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-01-08 | Santry Charles N. | Snow making apparatus |
US20040050949A1 (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2004-03-18 | Duper Herman K. | Snow making apparatus |
DE102004053984B3 (de) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-06-14 | Technoalpin Gmbh | Lanzenkopf für eine Schneelanze sowie Düsenanordnung |
WO2006076458A1 (fr) * | 2005-01-13 | 2006-07-20 | Santry Charles N | Vanne d'eau antigel pour alimentation en eau secondaire d'appareil a neige artificielle |
WO2008114286A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-16 | 2008-09-25 | Weisser Wolf S.R.L. | Tête de pulvérisati n pour la production de neige artificielle |
WO2009018319A1 (fr) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Appareil de fabrication de neige |
WO2009061722A2 (fr) * | 2007-11-05 | 2009-05-14 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Procédés de fabrication de neige |
US20100212750A1 (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2010-08-26 | Georg Fischer Llc | High Purity Water System |
EP2071258A1 (fr) | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-17 | Bächler Top Track AG | Buse de canon à neige, utilisation d'une buse de canon à neige, canon à neige, canon à ventilateur et procédé de production de cristaux de neige et de neige artificielle |
AU2009297034B2 (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2016-06-16 | Sno Tek P/L | Flat jet fluid nozzles with adjustable droplet size including fixed or variable spray angle |
US8376245B2 (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2013-02-19 | Ratnik Industries, Inc. | Snow making apparatus and method |
UA108714C2 (uk) * | 2011-10-01 | 2015-05-25 | Спосіб одержання снігу та пристрій для здійснення способу | |
CN104936703B (zh) | 2012-08-29 | 2017-08-15 | 斯诺逻辑股份有限公司 | 模块化双重矢量流体喷雾喷嘴 |
CN104903664B (zh) | 2012-08-29 | 2018-02-27 | 斯诺逻辑股份有限公司 | 单级与多级雪炮 |
CA2907404C (fr) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-10-06 | Snow Logic, Inc. | Nucleateur permettant de generer des cristaux de glace afin de faire passer des gouttelettes d'eau dans des systemes d'enneigement |
US20160290699A1 (en) * | 2015-04-06 | 2016-10-06 | Snow Logic, Inc. | Snowmaking automation system and modules |
ES1151309Y (es) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-05-17 | Mecanitzats Ramon Nuri S L | Cabezal y mástil para máquina para fabricar nieve |
US11052411B2 (en) | 2017-10-11 | 2021-07-06 | Richard Marcelin Wambsgans | Device and method to create nano-particle fluid nucleation sites in situ |
US10234186B1 (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2019-03-19 | James Chun Koh | Apparatus for manufacturing powdered ice with salinity |
US20200033041A1 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | James Chun Koh | Apparatus for making fine ice with salinity |
FR3103030B1 (fr) | 2019-11-07 | 2022-06-17 | Technoalpin France | Dispositif de pulvérisation pour la fabrication de neige artificielle et son procédé de mise en œuvre |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3829013A (en) * | 1971-11-03 | 1974-08-13 | H Ratnik | Snow making apparatus |
US3979061A (en) * | 1974-02-04 | 1976-09-07 | Kircher Everett F | Method and apparatus for making artificial snow |
EP0089590A1 (fr) * | 1982-03-22 | 1983-09-28 | Stig L. Albertsson | Appareil de production de neige |
US4593854A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1986-06-10 | Albertsson Stig L | Snow-making machine |
WO1997016686A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-30 | 1997-05-09 | Vernon Lorne Mckinney | Canon a neige pour la production de neige artificielle |
FR2743872A1 (fr) | 1996-01-22 | 1997-07-25 | York Neige | Support de buse de pulverisation |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3964682A (en) * | 1975-03-17 | 1976-06-22 | Tropeano Philip L | Method and apparatus for making snow produced by cumulative crystallization of snow particles |
US4742959A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-05-10 | Killington Ltd. | Snow gun |
US4916911A (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1990-04-17 | Dendrite Associates, Inc. | Snowmaking process and apparatus |
JPH0730984B2 (ja) * | 1988-09-30 | 1995-04-10 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 室内スキー場における造雪方法 |
US5699961A (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1997-12-23 | Ratnik Industries, Inc. | Fanless snow gun |
-
1999
- 1999-02-05 WO PCT/FR1999/000258 patent/WO1999040381A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1999-02-05 DE DE69914182T patent/DE69914182D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-05 JP JP2000530751A patent/JP2002502951A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-02-05 US US09/601,680 patent/US6508412B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-05 CA CA002319692A patent/CA2319692A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1999-02-05 AU AU22841/99A patent/AU2284199A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-02-05 AT AT99902606T patent/ATE257935T1/de active
- 1999-02-05 EP EP99902606A patent/EP1053440B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-08-04 NO NO20003957A patent/NO312380B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3829013A (en) * | 1971-11-03 | 1974-08-13 | H Ratnik | Snow making apparatus |
US3979061A (en) * | 1974-02-04 | 1976-09-07 | Kircher Everett F | Method and apparatus for making artificial snow |
EP0089590A1 (fr) * | 1982-03-22 | 1983-09-28 | Stig L. Albertsson | Appareil de production de neige |
US4593854A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1986-06-10 | Albertsson Stig L | Snow-making machine |
WO1997016686A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-30 | 1997-05-09 | Vernon Lorne Mckinney | Canon a neige pour la production de neige artificielle |
FR2743872A1 (fr) | 1996-01-22 | 1997-07-25 | York Neige | Support de buse de pulverisation |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4001803A1 (fr) | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-25 | Ingenierie de Loisirs | Tete de pulverisation pour produire de la neige |
FR3116449A1 (fr) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-27 | Ingenierie De Loisirs | Tête de pulvérisation pour produire de la neige |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20003957L (no) | 2000-10-05 |
ATE257935T1 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
CA2319692A1 (fr) | 1999-08-12 |
JP2002502951A (ja) | 2002-01-29 |
NO20003957D0 (no) | 2000-08-04 |
AU2284199A (en) | 1999-08-23 |
EP1053440A1 (fr) | 2000-11-22 |
DE69914182D1 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
US6508412B1 (en) | 2003-01-21 |
NO312380B1 (no) | 2002-04-29 |
EP1053440B1 (fr) | 2004-01-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1053440B1 (fr) | Generateur de particules de glace, de neige, ou nucleateur, integre dans une tete de pulverisation d'eau | |
EP0018280A2 (fr) | Canon à neige haute pression et batterie de tels canons à neige | |
FR2784905A1 (fr) | Tete de pulverisation polyvalente utilisable notamment pour la fabrication de neige artificielle | |
FR2481148A1 (fr) | Buse de pulverisation par atomisation | |
FR2888124A1 (fr) | Extincteur a brouillard de liquide et son utilisation | |
EP1386668B1 (fr) | Dispositif de pulvérisation d'eau sous forme d'un jet creux a paroi mince, pour la formation de neige artificielle | |
FR2594528A1 (fr) | Embout de melange de fluides pour appareil de fabrication de neige artificielle | |
EP1123479B1 (fr) | Tete de pulverisation polyvalente pour la fabrication de neige artificielle | |
EP0683886B1 (fr) | Canon a neige | |
EP1196725B1 (fr) | Dispositif d'alimentation d'un canon a neige | |
EP0037338A2 (fr) | Dispositif de transport pneumatique pour semoir monograine | |
WO2000021693A1 (fr) | Dispositif et lance agitateur hydrodynamique | |
FR2774610A1 (fr) | Dispositif de pulverisation d'eau sous pression | |
EP1114287B1 (fr) | Canon a neige | |
EP0690971A1 (fr) | Buse de pulverisation et dispositif de pulverisation d'un melange d'eau et d'air utilisant ladite buse | |
FR2461816A1 (fr) | Injecteur de combustible | |
EP0660755A1 (fr) | Appareil de pulverisation lineaire d'un liquide, notamment de refroidissement. | |
EP1145753B1 (fr) | Installation de dépoussiérage de gaz par manches, filtrantes, comportant un dispositif pneumatique de décolmatage pérodique | |
FR2892893A1 (fr) | Pulverisateur de produits de traitement sur des cultures | |
KR910006538Y1 (ko) | 농약살포용 분사기 | |
BE636040A (fr) | ||
FR2602698A1 (fr) | Generateur d'aerosol et installation pour l'etude de l'ecoulement d'un courant de gaz | |
BE389521A (fr) | ||
CH287018A (fr) | Brûleur pour combustibles liquides. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1999902606 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2319692 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2319692 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: KR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09601680 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1999902606 Country of ref document: EP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 1999902606 Country of ref document: EP |