WO1999009831A1 - Procedes et compositions de protection des plantes et des cultures - Google Patents

Procedes et compositions de protection des plantes et des cultures

Info

Publication number
WO1999009831A1
WO1999009831A1 PCT/US1998/017823 US9817823W WO9909831A1 WO 1999009831 A1 WO1999009831 A1 WO 1999009831A1 US 9817823 W US9817823 W US 9817823W WO 9909831 A1 WO9909831 A1 WO 9909831A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plants
composition
molecular iodine
group
crops
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/017823
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hugo R. Naritelli
Alfonso G. Ober
Rodrigo J. Gonzalez
William H. Basinger
Original Assignee
Ajay North America
Sqm Iodo S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ajay North America, Sqm Iodo S.A. filed Critical Ajay North America
Priority to EP98943438A priority Critical patent/EP1018883A4/fr
Priority to AU91239/98A priority patent/AU9123998A/en
Priority to IL13473498A priority patent/IL134734A0/xx
Priority to BR9811401-8A priority patent/BR9811401A/pt
Publication of WO1999009831A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999009831A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/12—Iodine, e.g. iodophors; Compounds thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the use of compositions comprising molecular iodine for protecting plants and/or crops from harmful pests and to methods for use of these compositions.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide compositions and methods for the use of molecular iodine as a plant and crop protectant.
  • Iodine in commercial products is frequently complexed with added materials.
  • Iodine complexes comprise elemental iodine and a complexing agent for the iodine.
  • Iodine complexes exist in two forms: (1) ionic and (2) nonionic iodine complexes.
  • Ionic iodine complexes typically comprise elemental iodine and a complexing agent for the iodine, i.e., a type I complexing agent, e.g., a cation, or a type II complexing agent, e.g., an organic group comprising an amine.
  • Nonionic iodine complexes comprise elemental iodine and a type III complexing agent for the iodine.
  • Iodophors and starch-iodine complexes are examples of nonionic iodine complexes.
  • nonionic iodine complexes i.e., type III iodine complexes such as iodophores, e.g., elemental iodine solubilized by complexation with one or more nonionic wetting agents, may be used to protect animals against harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses.
  • iodophores e.g., elemental iodine solubilized by complexation with one or more nonionic wetting agents
  • disinfection targets the control or elimination of pathogens harmful to man or animals.
  • many of the compositions useful for disinfection are detrimental to the well-being of plants and/or crops. Therefore, disinfectants and plant (or crop) protectants cannot be used interchangeably.
  • an nonionic iodine complex when applied to a plant and/or crop, will kill pests detrimental to the plant and/or crop without harming the plant and/or crop.
  • the level of nonionic complexed iodine employed for disinfection and purification purposes as practiced in the prior art is relatively constant whereas the levels of iodine employed in the present invention for plant and/or crop protection may vary considerably to take into account many factors, e.g., the type of plant and/or crop to be protected.
  • the present invention using molecular iodine, whether complexed or not, provides methods and compositions for plant and/or crop protection against pests harmful only to plants and/or crops while simultaneously not harming the plant and/or crop.
  • methyl iodide may be applied to stored crops, such as grains, or directly to the soil as a fumigant (in a manner analogous to the use of methyl bromide) out of the planting season when the soil is idle to control or eliminate plant pathogenic organisms such as nematodes, fungi and weeds.
  • the methyl component of the methyl iodide is the active component with the iodine serving only as a convenient leaving group. For example, removal of the iodide anion from methyl iodide in the presence of sulfur results in methylation of the sulfur.
  • organic iodide In general, such treatments involve short term exposures to relatively high concentrations of an organic iodide to effect rapid pathogenic organism control or elimination. If the organic iodide is being applied to fumigate the soil, the material is applied while there are no desirable plants and/or crops present to avoid killing them.
  • organic iodides have relatively high volatility and dissipate quickly, they cannot provide long-lasting protection to plants or crops.
  • organic iodides such as methyl iodide, are highly toxic compounds capable of being absorbed into the body by inhalation and by skin contact; therefore, strict precautions to prevent human exposure are mandatory.
  • molecular iodine has neither the high volatility nor the high toxicity to humans of organic iodides.
  • Japanese patent application JP 61-183202 A discloses the spraying of an aqueous solution consisting of 1-3% citric acid and 0.2% iodine over the surface of the leaves and stems of field crops for controlling pest damage and diseases.
  • the types of crops protected and the amount of solution to be applied to the crops are not disclosed.
  • the types of pests and diseases controlled are not disclosed.
  • the citric acid is the component which is effective against bacteria and pests.
  • This reference further discloses that the effect of the iodine component is to promote the healthy growth of plants.
  • the use of molecular iodine, without a required organic acid co-additive and optionally with a carrier, for plant and/or crop protection against plant and/or crop pests has not been disclosed previously.
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for protecting an agricultural substance selected from the group consisting of plants, crops, harvested crops and mixtures thereof, from pests which are harmful to the agricultural substance.
  • the method comprises selecting a composition which comprises molecular iodine or which, upon application, generates or releases molecular iodine under conditions of normal use and applying the composition to the agricultural substance as many times as necessary per annum in an amount effective to prevent substantial damage to the agricultural substance from the pests.
  • At least one additive can be included in the composition which includes the primary active ingredient, molecular iodine, the additive being selected from the group consisting of secondary active ingredients and inert ingredients, with the proviso that the additive is not an organic acid.
  • the secondary active ingredient may be a herbicide, a fungicide, a nematicide, an insecticide or a fumigant.
  • the inert ingredient may be a fertilizer or fertilizer component, a nutrient or micronutrient, a promoter, a polyaspartate, biomass, a surfactant, an emulsifier, an oil, an odorant, a wax, a salt, a preservative or an iodide.
  • the composition may be applied by spraying.
  • the composition may be applied in various ranges depending upon the agricultural substance to which the composition is applied, climate and time of year, among other factors. At least one portion of the plant, which may consist of fruits, vegetables or flowers, may be covered before applying the composition to prevent contact with the composition.
  • wheat and citrus plants, pecan, peanut, strawberry, blackberry, blueberry, grape, citrus, banana, peach, nectarine, apple, tomato and coffee plants, pine trees, wheat, pecans, peanuts, strawberries, blackberries, blueberries, grapes, citrus fruit, bananas, peaches, nectarines, apples, tomatoes, coffee beans, flowers and softwood products may be protected from pests by application of the composition of the present invention.
  • An additional embodiment of the present invention is directed to a protectant composition for agricultural substances which comprises molecular iodine or which, upon application, generates or releases molecular iodine under conditions of normal use.
  • at least one additive can be included in the protectant composition, the additive being selected from the group consisting of secondary active ingredients and inert ingredients, with the proviso that the additive is not an organic acid.
  • the protectant composition may further comprise a carrier present in the form of a liquid or a gas.
  • the liquid carrier may be selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols, oils used in the formulation of agricultural spray emulsions and mixtures thereof.
  • the gaseous carrier may be selected from the group consisting of air, nitrogen, the inert gases and mixtures thereof.
  • the term "molecular iodine” includes both I 2 and any composition or ionic iodine complex which comprises, generates or releases I 2 .
  • the molecular iodine comprises I 2 .
  • the molecular iodine is I 2 .
  • iodine complex is defined as a complex which comprises elemental iodine and a complexing agent for the iodine. Iodine complexes consist of ionic iodine complexes and nonionic iodine complexes.
  • ionic iodine complex is defined as an ionic complex, i.e., comprising elemental iodine and a type I or a type II complexing agent for the iodine which is capable of releasing molecular iodine, i.e., iodine which is titratable with a sodium thiosulfate solution.
  • iodine complex can be generated in situ or prior to mixing with a carrier.
  • a "type I complexing agent" is represented by M*I".
  • a type I complexing agent forms an ionic iodine complex, which is inorganic and which is represented by M*I" 2n+1 , as follows:
  • M + is a cation; and n is a number such that n > 1.
  • M is selected from the group which includes Li + , Na + , K + , NH 4 + , H ⁇ 1/2 Ca 2+ , 1/2 Fe + and mixtures thereof.
  • a "type II complexing agent”, represented by [R-L]*I" is an organic iodide.
  • the positively-charged portion of the type II complexing agent comprises an amine, a sulphide or a sulfoxide, represented by R, and is substituted by a substituent L.
  • a type II complexing agent forms an ionic iodine complex, which is organic and which is represented by [R-L]*I * 2a+1 , as follows:
  • L is hydrogen or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl cation comprising from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms formed by removing an iodine anion from an alkyl iodide; and n is a number such that n > 1.
  • ionic iodine complexes are typically prepared by: (1) mixing R with an alkyl iodide (LI) and iodine, (2) mixing R with hydriodic acid and iodine, or (3) mixing R with an acid, iodide salt (MI) and iodine.
  • R is a primary, secondary or tertiary amine, a sulphide or a sulfoxide.
  • R is selected from the group which includes methyl amine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethy lenediamine , aniline, dimethyl amine, diethanolamine , cyclopentyl amine, triethyl amine, tr iethanolamine , pyridine, poly-4-vinylpyridine, piperidine, piperazine, methyl pyrrolidine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl sulf oxide and mixtures thereof .
  • L is hydrogen or a linear alkyl cation comprising from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms formed by removing an iodine anion from an alkyl iodide. Most preferably L is hydrogen.
  • nonionic iodine complex is defined as an organic complex, i.e., comprising elemental iodine and a type III complexing agent for the iodine. Iodophors and starch-iodine complexes are examples of nonionic iodine complexes.
  • a "type III complexing agent" represented by R', is an organic material capable of complexing with iodine.
  • a type III complexing agent forms a nonionic iodine complex, which is generally organic and which is represented by R'-I 2 , as follows:
  • Examples of materials useful as R' include starch, methyl amine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, aniline, dimethyl amine, diethanolamine, cyclopentyl amine, triethyl amine, triethanolamine, pyridine, poly-4- vinylpyridine, piperidine, piperazine, methyl pyrrolidine and polyvinylpyrrolidone. These nonionic complexes are typically prepared by mixing R' with iodine.
  • compositions or ionic iodine complexes may generate or release molecular iodine include but are not limited to: (1) combining an iodate with a reducing agent, (2) exposing an iodide to a source of photons, e.g., sunlight, (3) combining an iodide and an oxidizer at a pH of 7 or below, (4) further adding a catalyst to (3) , and (5) releasing iodine from an ionic iodine complex.
  • Suitable iodates include but are not limited to potassium iodate, calcium iodate, sodium iodate and iodic acid.
  • Reducing agents include but are not limited to formic acid and a combination of hydrogen and a catalyst.
  • Iodides include but are not limited to inorganic iodides, e.g., KI, Nal and HI; alkyliodides, e.g., ethyliodide; and aromatic iodides, e.g., iodobenzene.
  • Oxidizers include but are not limited to iodates, chlorates, nitrates, peroxides and oxygen.
  • Catalysts include but are not limited to molybdenum, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium and copper.
  • Complexing agents include type I complexing agents, type II complexing agents and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred type I complexing agents include Li + , Na + , IT, NH 4 + , H + , 1/2 Ca 2+ , 1/2 Fe + and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred type II complexing agents include methyl amine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, aniline, dimethyl amine, diethanolamine, cyclopentyl amine, triethyl amine, triethanolamine, pyridine, poly-4- vinylpyridine, piperidine, piperazine, methyl pyrrolidine, polyvinylpyrrolidone and mixtures thereof.
  • molecular iodine is thought to comprise the primary active ingredient of a protectant material which may be applied to or in the vicinity of plants and/or crops and thereby protect plants and/or crops from harmful pests.
  • the term "pesticide” is as defined in 40 C.F.R. ⁇ 152.3(s) (1996), i.e., any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest, or intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant or desiccant with the exception of those substances specifically exempted in 40 C.F.R. ⁇ 152.3 (s) (1 through 3) .
  • active ingredient is as defined in 40 C.F.R. ⁇ 152.3(b) (1996), i.e., any substance that will prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate any pest, or that functions as a plant regulator, defoliant or desiccant.
  • active ingredients consist of primary active ingredients and secondary active ingredients.
  • primary active ingredient refers to molecular iodine.
  • secondary active ingredient includes all active ingredients other than molecular iodine.
  • the term "pest(s)" for plants and/or crops are the pests as defined in 40 C.F.R. ⁇ 152.5 (1996), i.e., vertebrate animals other than man, any invertebrate animal, any plant growing where not wanted and any fungus, bacterium, virus or other microorganism with the exception of those specifically exempted in 40 C.F.R. ⁇ 152.5(d).
  • compositions of the present invention are effective in protecting against include, but are not limited to fungi, nematodes, bacteria and insects which are harmful to plants and/or crops. Some non-limiting particular applications for these compositions include their use to protect:
  • Mycosphaerella fijiensis (which cause the foliar fungal disease black sigatoka) ,
  • Rhizoctonia and Scletortinia - tomatoes, peppers, strawberries and white pine from Fusariu , Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fusarium Wilt) ,
  • plant is defined as any of various photosynthetic, eukaryotic multicellular organisms of the kingdom Plantae, characteristically producing embryos, containing chloroplasts, having cellulose cell walls, and lacking locomotion.
  • Plants which may be protected by the compositions of the present invention include but are not limited to grain-bearing plants, such as rice, barley and wheat plants; nut-bearing plants, such as pecan and almond trees and peanut plants; fruit-bearing plants such as citrus, banana, strawberry, blackberry and blueberry plants, peach, nectarine, pear and apple trees and grape vines; vegetable plants, such as celery, tomato, corn, potato and pepper plants; trees and, in particular, pine trees, such as the radiata pine and white pine; olive trees; oil palm trees; rubber trees; coffee plants; cotton plants; ornamental plants; flowers; and flowering, bulb producing plants.
  • the plants protected by the compositions of the present invention are wheat, pecan, peanut, strawberry, blackberry, blueberry, grape, citrus, banana, peach, nectarine, apple, tomato and coffee plants, flowers and pine trees.
  • Crop includes cultivated plant or agricultural produce. Crops may be cultivated for, e.g., food, medical or industrial use. Crops which may be protected by the compositions of the present invention include but are not limited to vegetables, e.g., tomatoes, peppers, corn, potatoes, celery; grains, e.g., rice, barley, wheat; nuts, e.g., almonds, pecans, peanuts; and fruit. Other examples of crops which may be protected by the compositions of the present invention include but are not limited to cacao, sugar cane, sugar beets, coffee beans, rubber latex, cotton and flower bulbs.
  • fruits encompasses an edible, usually sweet and fleshy, ovary of a seed-bearing plant or the spore-bearing structure of a plant that does not bear seeds. As such, fruits are a subclass of plant crops or products. Fruits which may be protected by the molecular iodine of the present invention include but are not limited to grapes, bananas, peaches, nectarines, pears, apples, citrus fruit, such as oranges, grapefruit, tangerines, lemons and limes, and berries, such as strawberries, blackberries and blueberries.
  • harvested crop is defined as any crop which has been removed from the plant from which the crop was derived.
  • Picked fruit and stored grain are examples of harvested crops.
  • the harvested crops protected by the compositions of the present invention are wheat, pecans, peanuts, strawberries, blackberries, blueberries, grapes, citrus fruit, bananas, peaches, nectarines, apples, tomatoes, coffee beans, flowers and softwood products, e.g., timber hewn from pine trees.
  • the term "agricultural substance" includes plants, crops, harvested crops and mixtures thereof.
  • the compositions of the invention comprising molecular iodine are applied at a level readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art which is sufficient to protect the plants and/or crops, i.e., to prevent substantial damage caused by harmful pests (not necessarily eliminating the pests, however) without itself causing substantial plant or crop damage.
  • the effective amount of molecular iodine applied for plant and/or crop protection is dependant upon a number of factors well known to one of ordinary skill in the art of pesticide application, e.g., upon the type of plant and/or crop, weather conditions, climate, soil and pest(s).
  • the effective amount of molecular iodine applied to plants for protection from pests harmful to such plants ranges from at least about 0.1 grams per acre of plants to about 10,000 grams per acre of plants, preferably from at least about 0.1 grams per acre to about 100 grams per acre of plants, and most preferably from at least about 1 gram per acre to about 10 grams per acre of plants.
  • the effective amount of molecular iodine applied to harvested crops, for protection of such crops from pests harmful to crops ranges from at least about 0.01 grams per metric ton of harvested crop to about 5,000 grams per metric ton of harvested crop, preferably from at least about 0.1 grams per metric ton to about 50 grams per metric ton of harvested crop, and most preferably from at least about 1 gram per metric ton to about 10 grams per metric ton of harvested crop.
  • Molecular iodine may either be used alone, e.g. in gaseous form for treating harvested grapes, or may be combined with at least one optional additive before being applied onto plants and/or crops for their protection.
  • the additive may be present, e.g., in the form of an secondary active ingredient.
  • Secondary active ingredients may be, for example, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, insecticides and fumigants.
  • Preferred secondary active ingredients include but are not limited to the herbicides BACARA and RAFT (available from Rhone Poulenc) , BRONCO, ACCORD and AVADEX (available from Monsanto) ; the fungicides FONGRAL, ARBITRE and SOLITZ (available from Rhone Poulenc) ; the insecticide FIPRONIL (available from Rhone Poulenc) ; and the fumigants chloropicrine, VAPAM and BENSAMID.
  • the optional additive may be an inert ingredient.
  • inert ingredient is as defined in 40 C.F.R. ⁇ 152.3 (m) (1996), i.e., any substance other than an active ingredient which is intentionally included in a pesticide product.
  • the inert ingredient comprises a carrier.
  • the molecular iodine is added to the carrier before application onto plants and/or crops. This serves three purposes. First, the addition of the molecular iodine to the carrier allows for a small amount of molecular iodine to be distributed over a large surface area. Second, other inert ingredients, which are beneficial to plant and crop protection or growth, can be added to the carrier and distributed along with the molecular iodine. Third, to facilitate application, the protectant composition can be prepared as a concentrate of molecular iodine, and any optional inert ingredient (s) desired, in a carrier and then further diluted before application.
  • the carrier is usually present at the highest percentage level of any of the ingredients present.
  • the carrier may be present in the form of a solid, a liquid or a gas; however, liquid and gaseous carriers are preferred.
  • Preferred gaseous carriers include but are not limited to air, nitrogen, the inert gases (i.e., helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon) and mixtures thereof.
  • a liquid carrier may be aqueous, organic, inorganic, non-ionic, cationic, anionic, or a mixture, emulsion, or suspension or any combination thereof.
  • Preferred liquid carriers include but are not limited to water, alcohols and oils used in the formulation of agricultural spray emulsions suitable for use on plants and/or crops, and mixtures thereof.
  • Some examples of liquid carriers include nonylphenol; alpha-alkyl-omega- hydroxypoly (oxoethylene) , wherein the alkyl group comprises from 12 to 15 carbon atoms; and the crop oils ORCHEX 796 and ORCHEX 692 made by Esso, an EXXON Company.
  • Inert ingredient (s) other than the carrier may also be present along with the molecular iodine and other optional additive (s).
  • These inert ingredients include but are not limited to fertilizers, fertilizer components, nutrients, micronutrients, promoters (i.e., of molecular iodine activity, such as methyl paraben and propyl paraben) , polyaspartates, bio ass, surfactants, emulsifiers, oils, odorants, waxes, salts, preservatives and iodides. It is desirable that the inert ingredient not comprise an organic acid.
  • organic acid is defined as an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound uninterrupted by heteroatoms, unsubstituted by heteroatoms and unsubstituted by functional groups other than by at least one carboxylic group, i.e., -COOH.
  • Organic acids include monocarboxylic acids, such as the alkanoic acids of molecular formula C a H 2n 0 2 and alkenoic acids of molecular formula C a H 2n .
  • dicarboxylic acids e.g., maleic acid and prostanoic acid
  • tricarboxylic acids such as citric acid
  • citric acid but not other derivatives, such as anhydrides and esters, and are further described in the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Edition, 4:814-869 (1978). While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the combination of molecular iodine with a nutrient and/or a micronutrient is thought to enhance the protective effect of the molecular iodine.
  • Preferred inert ingredients, other than carriers include but are not limited to promoters; plant nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc; emulsifiers; surfactants, for example, nonylphenol and alkyl polyglycoside oligomers, e.g. , GLUCOPON ® surfactants (available from Henkel) ; and mixtures thereof.
  • plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc
  • emulsifiers emulsifiers
  • surfactants for example, nonylphenol and alkyl polyglycoside oligomers, e.g. , GLUCOPON ® surfactants (available from Henkel) ; and mixtures thereof.
  • Molecular iodine in the form of any of the embodiments described above, may be applied to plants and/or to crops in the pre-harvest or the post-harvest stage to obtain the desired level of protection from pests.
  • application typically is accomplished by spraying the plants from the ground or from the air.
  • plant roots which are generally not exposed to receive atmospheric sprays
  • application man be made directly or indirectly, e.g., by spraying the surrounding soil with the protectant composition, thus allowing it to penetrate through the soil to reach the roots.
  • applications to plants and/or to crops may be made as many times as necessary per annum to maintain the desired level of protection from pests.
  • the effective amount of molecular iodine applied for each application may vary, as is well known to one of ordinary skill in the art of pesticide application.
  • the plant and/or crop protectant compositions of the present invention may be applied by any convenient method, for example, by using a fixed application system such as a center pivot irrigation system.
  • a fixed application system such as a center pivot irrigation system.
  • application to fields of plants and/or crops is made by air spraying, i.e., from an airplane or helicopter, or by land spraying.
  • land spraying may be carried out by using a high flotation applicator equipped with a boom, by a back-pack sprayer or by nurse trucks or tanks.
  • application may be made to plants which have their fruit(s), vegetable (s) and/or flower (s) protected, e.g., by paper or plastic bags.
  • compositions of Examples 1 and 2 are in concentrated form and require the proper 5 dilution as would be readily determinable by one of ordinary skill in this art before application to plants and/or crops.
  • phosphoric acid 100 parts potassium nitrate, 87.5 parts urea, 2 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone and 25 parts ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid chelated plant microelements (CHAMPION FOLIAR QUELATOS ® available from SQM Nitratos) are added to a carrier of 300 parts nonylphenol and 472 parts
  • composition 1 to Grape Plants The composition 1 plant and crop protectant solution was diluted as follows prior to application: 0.5 parts composition 1, 5 parts oil (ORCHEX ® ) and 30 parts water. The diluted protectant mixture was applied at a rate of 14 liter per acre to grape plants, to all portions of the plants exposed to the atmosphere, in a pre-harvest stage to protect the plants from Botritis cinerea. The effective molecular iodine coverage was 5.1 grams per acre of grape plants.
  • composition 1 to Orange Plants The composition 1 plant and crop protectant solution was diluted as follows prior to application: 0.2 parts composition 1 and 1000 parts water.
  • the diluted protectant mixture was applied at a rate of 900 liters per acre to orange trees, primarily to the leaves, fruit and stems, in the pre-harvest stage to protect the plants from Colletotrichum usae and Phytophthora spp. which cause grey rot.
  • the effective molecular iodine coverage was 4.5 grams per acre of orange plants.
  • the protectant mixture was applied at the above rate four times during the pre-harvest period. Water, without composition 1, was applied in the same manner to a control group.
  • the orange plants that were sprayed with the composition 1 protectant solution showed no signs of grey rot, however the orange plants in the control group were severely overtaken with grey rot.
  • composition 2 to Banana Plants The composition 2 plant and crop protectant solution was diluted as follows prior to application: 0.25 parts composition 2, 0.12 parts emulsifier (the nonionic emulsifier TRITON X-45 ® available from Rohm & Haas) , 12 parts oil (ORCHEX ® ) and 3 parts water.
  • the diluted protectant mixture was applied at a rate of 6.0 liters per acre to the leaves and stems of banana plants in a pre-harvest stage to protect the plants from the foliar fungal disease black sigatoka, which is caused by Mycosphaerella musicola and Mycosphaerella fijiensis.
  • any developing banana clusters were covered with bags before application of the diluted protectant 2.
  • the effective molecular iodine coverage was 2.53 grams per acre of banana plants.
  • Selected sections of banana plants were sprayed with a similar solution, the control composition, which differed only in that it contained no I 2 ; these sections were designated as the control group.
  • the protectant and control compositions were applied at the above rate to the banana plants, before and after flowering, every 15 days during the rainy season and every 21 days during the dry season.
  • the banana plants sprayed with the solution of protectant 2, containing molecular iodine showed no sign of infection by the foliar fungal disease black sigatoka. However, the banana plants in the control group were severely infested with black sigatoka.
  • composition 1 plant and crop protectant solution was diluted as follows prior to application: 0.1 parts composition 1 and 20 parts water.
  • the mixture was applied once, at the rate of 22 liters per metric ton, to harvested bananas for protection against crown rot caused by Verticillium theabro ae, Gloeosporium musarum and Fusarium.
  • the effective amount of molecular iodine applied was 2.8 grams per metric ton of bananas.
  • Control groups were sprayed with a similar solution which differed only in that it contained no I 2 . After an average of two weeks, the control groups of bananas displayed signs of crown rot however the bananas sprayed with the protectant solution 1, containing molecular iodine, were free of crown rot.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne de l'iode moléculaire ou une composition ou un complexe d'iode ionique contenant, produisant ou libérant de l'iode moléculaire, utilisés seuls ou mélangés à un support en tant qu'agents protecteurs pour les plantes et les cultures. Des ingrédients actifs secondaires, des engrais, des éléments nutritifs, des oligo-éléments, des promoteurs, des polyaspartates, de la biomasse, des tensioactifs, des émulsifiants, des huiles, des odorisants, des cires, des sels, des agents de protection, des herbicides, des fongicides, des nématicides, des insecticides, des fumigants et des iodures peuvent éventuellement être ajoutés au support pour des traitement complémentaires. L'iode moléculaire et le ou les additif(s) de traitement désiré(s) sont appliqués directement sur les plantes et/ou les cultures de manière à protéger ces dernières contre des ravageurs tels que champignons, nématodes, bactéries et insectes nuisibles.
PCT/US1998/017823 1997-08-28 1998-08-27 Procedes et compositions de protection des plantes et des cultures WO1999009831A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98943438A EP1018883A4 (fr) 1997-08-28 1998-08-27 Procedes et compositions de protection des plantes et des cultures
AU91239/98A AU9123998A (en) 1997-08-28 1998-08-27 Methods and compositions for protecting plants and crops
IL13473498A IL134734A0 (en) 1997-08-28 1998-08-27 Methods and compositions for protecting plants and crops
BR9811401-8A BR9811401A (pt) 1997-08-28 1998-08-27 Processos para proteger uma substância agrìcola contra pestes que são nocivas para a substância agrìcola e para a proteção de uma substãncia agrìcola, e, composição protetora para substâncias agrìcolas

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US91930097A 1997-08-28 1997-08-28
US08/919,300 1997-08-28

Publications (1)

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WO1999009831A1 true WO1999009831A1 (fr) 1999-03-04

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PCT/US1998/017823 WO1999009831A1 (fr) 1997-08-28 1998-08-27 Procedes et compositions de protection des plantes et des cultures

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EP (1) EP1018883A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU9123998A (fr)
BR (1) BR9811401A (fr)
IL (1) IL134734A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999009831A1 (fr)

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WO2011103617A1 (fr) * 2010-02-23 2011-09-01 Innovative Chemical Services Pty Ltd Compositions de nutriment foliaire
CN107141108A (zh) * 2017-06-14 2017-09-08 合肥助航生态农业科技有限公司 草莓叶面肥及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20160005380A (ko) 2011-09-23 2016-01-15 에이씨 이뮨 에스.에이. 백신 요법

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US2742736A (en) * 1954-07-06 1956-04-24 Grace A Mackay Treatment of citrus trees infested with nematodes
US2853416A (en) * 1955-09-19 1958-09-23 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Method of protecting plants by applying a pesticidal amount of a polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine adduct
US2853417A (en) * 1955-09-19 1958-09-23 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Method of controlling plant pests with an iodine adduct of a copolymer of nu-vinyl pyrrolidone and a polymerizable vinyl compound containing one aliphatic double bond

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EP0145223B1 (fr) * 1983-11-04 1990-02-28 Mario Flores Rivera Compositions iodophores à stabilité élevée contenant de l'iode libre, procédé pour leur préparation et leur utilisation
JPS61183202A (ja) * 1985-02-12 1986-08-15 Ichiro Yamashita 農作物病虫害に人畜無害の防除剤製法

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US608627A (en) * 1898-08-09 Compound for treating seeds
US2742736A (en) * 1954-07-06 1956-04-24 Grace A Mackay Treatment of citrus trees infested with nematodes
US2853416A (en) * 1955-09-19 1958-09-23 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Method of protecting plants by applying a pesticidal amount of a polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine adduct
US2853417A (en) * 1955-09-19 1958-09-23 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Method of controlling plant pests with an iodine adduct of a copolymer of nu-vinyl pyrrolidone and a polymerizable vinyl compound containing one aliphatic double bond

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011103617A1 (fr) * 2010-02-23 2011-09-01 Innovative Chemical Services Pty Ltd Compositions de nutriment foliaire
AU2011220317B2 (en) * 2010-02-23 2014-07-03 Innovative Chemical Services Pty Ltd Foliar nutrient compositions
US9169165B2 (en) 2010-02-23 2015-10-27 Innovative Chemical Services Pty Ltd Foliar nutrient compositions
CN107141108A (zh) * 2017-06-14 2017-09-08 合肥助航生态农业科技有限公司 草莓叶面肥及其制备方法

Also Published As

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IL134734A0 (en) 2001-04-30
EP1018883A4 (fr) 2001-05-16
AU9123998A (en) 1999-03-16
EP1018883A1 (fr) 2000-07-19
BR9811401A (pt) 2000-08-29

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