WO1999006322A1 - Solar-powered water desalinisation plant - Google Patents

Solar-powered water desalinisation plant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999006322A1
WO1999006322A1 PCT/EP1998/004696 EP9804696W WO9906322A1 WO 1999006322 A1 WO1999006322 A1 WO 1999006322A1 EP 9804696 W EP9804696 W EP 9804696W WO 9906322 A1 WO9906322 A1 WO 9906322A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
salt water
water
solar radiation
desalination plant
plant according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/004696
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sergio Brandolisio
Original Assignee
O.M.L. S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by O.M.L. S.R.L. filed Critical O.M.L. S.R.L.
Priority to AU92551/98A priority Critical patent/AU9255198A/en
Priority to EP98945099A priority patent/EP0999996A1/en
Publication of WO1999006322A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999006322A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0005—Evaporating devices suitable for floating on water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
    • B01D3/343—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas
    • B01D3/346—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas the gas being used for removing vapours, e.g. transport gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water-powered desalination plant operated according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a system of the type mentioned above, with which the problems mentioned above are overcome, and which is particularly simple in construction, requires almost no maintenance, requires little space and can achieve a high fresh water yield.
  • FIG. 1 shows a water desalination plant according to the invention in a schematic sectional view
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged schematic sectional view of a floating body of the water desalination plant according to FIG. 1.
  • the invention aims to allow only the surface of the salt water to evaporate or evaporate in order to largely avoid incrustation and stone formation and to reduce maintenance to a minimum. This is achieved with very high temperatures on the surface of the salt water and with a suitable transport gas for transporting the generated water vapor to a heat exchanger.
  • Floating bodies 5 which are designed as black, approximately pill-shaped islands floating on the surface 35, are used for the evaporation or evaporation of a surface 35 of the salt water.
  • These floating bodies 5 are made, for example, of carbon or of metal such as stainless steel, copper, sintered metal and the like, and they are blackened in a known manner, for example by burnishing.
  • the floats 5 are, as explained further below, heated with radiation concentrators and are flowed through by the transport gas previously heated with other radiation concentrators.
  • the transport gas emerging from the floating bodies 5 is transported through the installation using a chimney effect, in order to subsequently carry the steam along with it, in particular via a heat exchanger 15 to be cooled and to release condensed fresh water.
  • salt water for example sea water
  • a salt water tank 19 which is connected via a connecting pipe 12 to an evaporation container, generally designated 1, in order to supply it with the salt water.
  • the prevailing convection and the chimney effect and the corresponding suction of the transport gas cause a certain negative pressure with respect to the interior of the floating bodies 5, which causes the transport gas to escape from the floating bodies 5.
  • the evaporation container 1 has an inclined bottom 29 and an approximately bell-shaped wall 11 which is thermally insulated at a certain height (for example up to approximately 200 mm above the salt water level). Above its thermally insulated part, the wall 11, which is laterally oriented there, merges into a chamber 4 which encloses the evaporation container 1 approximately cylindrically and thus forms part of the wall thereof. Above that Above the chamber 4, the wall 11 merges laterally and then at the top into a sub-region that is permeable to solar radiation, in particular heat radiation from the sun S, which extends to an axial hood 9a and consists of a hood 10 made of glass or synthetic glass. At the most favorable upper points of the hood 10, Fresnel lenses 8 are distributed radially symmetrically around the hood 9a for concentrating the solar radiation.
  • the excess salt water runs back over an overflow 26 via a gutter 25 to where it was taken, for example into the sea.
  • the concentrated brine is likewise conveyed back via the drainage channel 25 via an opening 23, for example at a lowermost point of the evaporation container 1. Since water continuously runs onto the drainage channel 25 via the overflow 26, incrustation and stone formation is prevented at the brine concentrate opening 23.
  • the solar radiation is combined with one or more radiation concentrators or several parabolic mirrors and / or deflecting mirrors 6 and 7 are focused and reflected on the floating bodies 5 floating on the salt water.
  • the Fresnel lenses 8 attached to the hood 10 focus the light onto the floating bodies 5, which at least on their upper side behave almost as optical black bodies.
  • the floating bodies 5 On their underside, the floating bodies 5 have a bottom 34 with radially symmetrical, spherically shaped bulges 37. When the floating body 5 is floating on the salt water, these bulges 37 are partly below and partly above the surface 35 of the salt water. The floating bodies 5 thus conduct the concentrated heat through their base 34 to the surface 35 of the salt water and thus cause the latter to evaporate or evaporate. The shape of the bulges 37 ensures the buoyancy of the floating bodies 5.
  • air is used as a suitable transport gas in the training example described; however, any inert gas could also be used.
  • the transport gas first enters a heating element 2 at a gas inlet 33.
  • the heating element 2 is a serpentine, ascending glass tube filled with black porous material on the inside. Solar radiation is directed onto the heating element 2 with the aid of approximately parabolic cylindrical radiation concentrators 27 in order to heat up the transport gas carried therein.
  • the heated transport gas is fed to chamber 4 via a feed line 3.
  • the chamber 4 is connected via flexible lines 28 to a gas inlet connector 36 of a float 5.
  • the transport gas passing through the floating bodies 5 undergoes further heating therein and then exits at gas outlet openings 31 which are attached to the bottom 34 of the floating bodies 5 just above their waterline, ie above the surface 35 of the salt water in the immediate vicinity thereof.
  • the hot transport gas leaves water on the surface 35 of the salt water. Evaporate or evaporate water vapor that is carried along by the transport gas.
  • the flexible conduits 28 also hold the floats 5 within the evaporation container 1 at a suitable location under the Fresnel lenses 8 in a manner which allows the floats 5 to follow the movements of the surface 35 of the salt water if necessary.
  • the mixture 21 of transport gas and water vapor discharged from the evaporation container 1 via a discharge line 9 is cooled for the first time on cooler tubes 13, which lead through the salt water tank 19 into thermal contact with the cold salt water located therein.
  • the gas mixture 21 is cooled further when it exits the cooler tubes 13 and then enters the deflection tubes 14, which are in the free atmosphere and lead to the heat exchanger 15.
  • the heat exchanger 15 is arranged on the inclined bottom 29 of the evaporation container 1 in order to serve to preheat the salt water therein, with which the gas mixture 21 is cooled even further.
  • the removed transport gas still contains noticeable amounts of water vapor, the latter is condensed with the aid of fillers 30 provided in the lower part of the chimney 18 at its large contact surface and recovered as water which flows back to the water tank 16 via the air suction line 17.
  • the condensed fresh water 22 collected in the water tank 16 can be removed via an outlet connection 32 in order to be transported to a consumer.
  • the water desalination plant according to the invention can be operated exclusively with solar energy and can be used, in particular, for the evaporation of salt water present as sea water, salt water or brine in order to produce fresh water, for example as drinking water in the hotel industry or as process water for irrigating desert areas in the vicinity Sea or lake is consumed (if used as drinking water, the addition of minerals may be recommended).
  • the thermal energy required to evaporate the salt water is obtained from solar energy.
  • the salt water in the system is conveyed by a pump device that is operated electrically and can also obtain the required electrical energy from solar energy via solar cells. However, it may be expedient to obtain the electrical energy required by the pumps from an electrical network.

Abstract

Solar radiation is able to permeate a wall (11) of an evaporation tank (1) containing salt water via the surface (35) of the salt water. Floating elements (5) which absorb solar radiation float in said evaporation tank (1) in areas of the surface (35) of the salt water and are struck by directed solar radiation. A device for focusing solar radiation on said areas of the surface (35) of the salt water may have Fresnel lenses (8) and/or radiation concentrators with parabolic reflectors (6) and passive reflectors (7). The floating elements (5) can be hollow and roughly pill-shaped and can be fixed flexibly to the wall (11) of the evaporation tank (1). The floating elements (5) can have a base (34) with cambered sections (37) on their underside, said cambered sections being arranged so that they are radially symmetrical. The cambered sections (37) lie partly above and partly below the surface (35) of the salt water and have gas outlet openings (31) close to said surface (35). The floating elements (5) can be connected to a heating element (2) by means of gas inlet connection pieces (36) and a flexible line (38) in order to heat the gas using the solar radiation striking said floating elements (5), and can be connected in parallel in groups. The group which is series-connected with the heating element (2) is optionally interconnected via a chamber (4) in which the evaporation tank (1) is partially enclosed.

Description

Mit Sonnenenergie betriebene WasserentsalzungsanlageWater desalination plant powered by solar energy
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung betrifft eine mit Sonnenenergie betriebene Wasserentsalzungsanlage ge äss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a water-powered desalination plant operated according to the preamble of claim 1.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Aus DE-19508242 ist eine gattungsgemässe Anlage bekannt, die ein Membransystem für die Aufnahme des zurückbleibenden Salzes sowie eine druckabhängige regelbare Absperreinrichtung aufweist. Diese Anlage weist auch eine Leiteinrichtung mit engen Kanälen für das Salzwasser auf, die zur Erhitzung des Salzwassers durch Sonnenenergie dient. In einer solchen Anlage verursacht das zurückbleibende Salz an den vorstehend genannten Elementen Probleme mit der Verkrustung durch rücklösbare Rückstände, insbesondere Steinsalz, und mit der Steinbildung durch unlösliche Rückstände, insbesondere Kesselstein.From DE-19508242 a generic system is known which has a membrane system for the absorption of the remaining salt and a pressure-dependent, controllable shut-off device. This system also has a guide device with narrow channels for the salt water, which is used to heat the salt water by solar energy. In such a plant, the remaining salt on the above-mentioned elements causes problems with the incrustation due to removable residues, in particular rock salt, and with the formation of stones due to insoluble residues, in particular scale.
Aus DE-3331775 ist eine gattungsgemässe Anlage bekannt, bei welcher das Konzentrat unterhalb der Lösungssättigung bleibt. Die Variation der Dichte des zur verdunstenden Salzwassers wird zur Steuerung des Durchflusses herangezogen. Auch diese Anlage weist zur Erhitzung des Salzwassers durch Sonnenenergie eine Leiteinrichtung mit engen Kanälen für das Salzwasser auf, die zu Problemen mit der Verkrustung und der Steinbildung führt.From DE-3331775 a generic plant is known in which the concentrate remains below the solution saturation. The variation in the density of the salt water to be evaporated is used to control the flow. This system also has a guide device with narrow channels for the salt water to heat the salt water by solar energy, which leads to problems with incrustation and stone formation.
Aus DE-4239636 ist eine mit Sonnenenergie betriebene Wasserentsalzungsanlage bekannt, bei welcher die Sonnenenergie das Salzwasser durch direkte Einstrahlung nach ihrem Durchgang durch eine einseitig licht- und wärmedurchlässige Abdeckung erhitzt. Bei dieser Anlage ist nachteilig, dass die Wasseroberfläche und das Wasser für die Sonnenstrahlung Absorptionseigenschaften aufweist, die von den optimalen Eigenschaften eines optischen Schwarzen Körpers weit enfernt sind, so dass eine sehr grosse Verdunstungsfläche benötigt wird, um ein annehmbare Süsswasserausbeute zu erzielen.From DE-4239636 a water desalination plant operated with solar energy is known, in which the solar energy heats the salt water by direct irradiation after it has passed through a cover that is permeable to light and heat on one side. A disadvantage of this system is that the Water surface and the water for solar radiation has absorption properties that are far removed from the optimal properties of an optical black body, so that a very large evaporation surface is required to achieve an acceptable fresh water yield.
Dieses Problem der sehr grosse Verdunstungsfläche wird in DE-4403592 angesprochen und durch Oberflächenvergrosserung mit Hilfe von saugfähigen faserigen oder porösen Elementen gelöst, auf denen das zu verdunstende Salzwasser rieselt, was jedoch zu den vorstehend genannten Problemen mit der Verkrustung und der Steinbildung zurückführt.This problem of the very large evaporation surface is addressed in DE-4403592 and solved by surface enlargement with the aid of absorbent fibrous or porous elements on which the salt water to be evaporated trickles, which, however, leads to the above-mentioned problems with incrustation and stone formation.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Anlage eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, mit welcher die im vorstehenden genannten Probleme überwunden werden, und welche insbesondere einfach in der Konstruktion ist, nahezu keine Wartung benötigt, mit geringem Platzbedarf auskommt und eine hohe Süsswasserausbeute erzielen lässt.The object of the invention is to provide a system of the type mentioned above, with which the problems mentioned above are overcome, and which is particularly simple in construction, requires almost no maintenance, requires little space and can achieve a high fresh water yield.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer erfindungsgemässen Wasserentsalzungsanlage durch die in Anspruch 1 definierte Kombination von Merkmalen gelöst.This object is achieved in a water desalination plant according to the invention by the combination of features defined in claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Ausbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert.Advantageous developments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine erfindungsgemässe Wasserentsalzungsanlage in schematischer Schnittansicht; und Fig. 2 eine vergrösserte schematische Schnittansicht eines Schwimmkörpers der Wasserentsalzungsanlage gemäss Fig. 1.1 shows a water desalination plant according to the invention in a schematic sectional view; and FIG. 2 shows an enlarged schematic sectional view of a floating body of the water desalination plant according to FIG. 1.
In den beiden Figuren werden einander entsprechende Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet.In the two figures, parts which correspond to one another are designated by the same reference symbols.
Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay of carrying out the invention
Die erfindungsgemässe Wasserentsalzungsanlage wird im nachstehenden anhand eines als besonders günstig angesehenen Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben, wobei zu verstehen ist, dass die Erfindung nicht auf dieses Ausführungsbeispiel zu beschränken ist.The water desalination plant according to the invention is described below on the basis of an embodiment which is regarded as particularly favorable, it being understood that the invention is not to be restricted to this embodiment.
Die Erfindung zielt darauf hin, lediglich die Oberfläche des Salzwassers verdunsten oder verdampfen zu lassen, um Ver- krustungen und Steinbildung weitestgehend zu vermeiden und die Wartung auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren. Erreicht wird dies mit sehr hohen Temperaturen an der Oberfläche des Salzwassers und mit einem geeigneten Transportgas zum Transport des erzeugten Wasserdampfes zu einem Wärmeaustauscher.The invention aims to allow only the surface of the salt water to evaporate or evaporate in order to largely avoid incrustation and stone formation and to reduce maintenance to a minimum. This is achieved with very high temperatures on the surface of the salt water and with a suitable transport gas for transporting the generated water vapor to a heat exchanger.
Zur Verdunstung oder Verdampfung einer Oberfläche 35 des Salzwassers dienen Schwimmkörper 5, die als schwarze, in etwa pillenförmige, auf der Oberfläche 35 schwimmende Inseln ausgebildet sind. Diese Schwimmkörper 5 sind beispielsweise aus Kohlenstoff oder aus Metall wie Edelstahl, Kupfer, Sintermetall und dergleichen, und sie werden auf bekannte Weise geschwärzt, beispielsweise durch Brünieren.Floating bodies 5, which are designed as black, approximately pill-shaped islands floating on the surface 35, are used for the evaporation or evaporation of a surface 35 of the salt water. These floating bodies 5 are made, for example, of carbon or of metal such as stainless steel, copper, sintered metal and the like, and they are blackened in a known manner, for example by burnishing.
Die Schwimmkörper 5 werden, wie weiter unten erläutert, mit Strahlungskonzentratoren aufgeheizt und sind vom zuvor mit anderen Strahlungskonzentratoren aufgeheizten Transportgas durchflössen. Das aus den Schwimmkörpern 5 austretende Transportgas wird unter Ausnutzung eines Kamineffekts durch die Anlage transportiert, um anschliessend mit dem mitgeführten Wasserdampf insbesondere über einen Wärmeaustauscher 15 abgekühlt zu werden und kondensiertes Süsswasser abzugeben.The floats 5 are, as explained further below, heated with radiation concentrators and are flowed through by the transport gas previously heated with other radiation concentrators. The transport gas emerging from the floating bodies 5 is transported through the installation using a chimney effect, in order to subsequently carry the steam along with it, in particular via a heat exchanger 15 to be cooled and to release condensed fresh water.
Über eine Pumpe 20 wird Salzwasser, beispielsweise Meerwasser, in einen Salzwassertank 19 gepumpt, der über ein Verbindungsrohr 12 mit einem allgemein mit 1 bezeichneten Verdunstungsbehälter verbunden ist, um diesen mit dem Salzwasser zu speisen.Via a pump 20, salt water, for example sea water, is pumped into a salt water tank 19, which is connected via a connecting pipe 12 to an evaporation container, generally designated 1, in order to supply it with the salt water.
Im Verdunstungsbehälter 1 verursachen die darin herrschende Konvektion sowie der Kamineffekt und die entsprechende Absaugung des Transportgases einen gewissen Unterdruck gegenüber dem Innern der Schwimmkörper 5, was den Austritt des Transportgases aus den Schwimmkörpern 5 herbeiführt.In the evaporation container 1, the prevailing convection and the chimney effect and the corresponding suction of the transport gas cause a certain negative pressure with respect to the interior of the floating bodies 5, which causes the transport gas to escape from the floating bodies 5.
Der Verdunstungsbehälter 1 hat einen schrägen Boden 29 und eine etwa glockenförmige Wandung 11, die auf einer gewissen Höhe (beispielsweise bis zu etwa 200 mm über dem Salzwasserspiegel) wärmegedämmt ist. Oberhalb ihres wärmegedämmten Teiles geht die dort noch seitlich orientierte Wandung 11 in eine Kammer 4 über, die den Verdunstungsbehälter 1 etwa zylindrisch umschliesst und somit einen Teil dessen Wandung bildet. Darüber d.h. oberhalb der Kammer 4 geht die Wandung 11 seitlich und dann oben in einen für Sonnenstrahlung, insbesondere für Wärmestrahlung der Sonne S durchlässigen Teilbereich über, der sich bis zu einer axialen Abzugshaube 9a erstreckt und aus einer Haube 10 aus Glas oder Kunstglas besteht. An den günstigsten oberen Stellen der Haube 10 sind, zur Konzentration der Sonnenstrahlung, Fresnel-Linsen 8 radialsymmetrisch um die Abzugshaube 9a verteilt.The evaporation container 1 has an inclined bottom 29 and an approximately bell-shaped wall 11 which is thermally insulated at a certain height (for example up to approximately 200 mm above the salt water level). Above its thermally insulated part, the wall 11, which is laterally oriented there, merges into a chamber 4 which encloses the evaporation container 1 approximately cylindrically and thus forms part of the wall thereof. Above that Above the chamber 4, the wall 11 merges laterally and then at the top into a sub-region that is permeable to solar radiation, in particular heat radiation from the sun S, which extends to an axial hood 9a and consists of a hood 10 made of glass or synthetic glass. At the most favorable upper points of the hood 10, Fresnel lenses 8 are distributed radially symmetrically around the hood 9a for concentrating the solar radiation.
Das überschüssige Salzwasser läuft an einem Überlauf 26 über eine Ablaufrinne 25 etwa dorthin zurück, wo es entnommen wurde, beispielsweise ins Meer. Über eine Öffnung 23 etwa an einer untersten Stelle des Verdunstungsbehälters 1 wird die aufkonzentrierte Sole ebenfalls über die Ablaufrinne 25 zurückbefördert. Da über den Überlauf 26 ständig Wasser auf die Ablaufrinne 25 nachläuft, wird an der Solekonzentrat-Öffnung 23 Verkrustung und Steinbildung verhindert.The excess salt water runs back over an overflow 26 via a gutter 25 to where it was taken, for example into the sea. The concentrated brine is likewise conveyed back via the drainage channel 25 via an opening 23, for example at a lowermost point of the evaporation container 1. Since water continuously runs onto the drainage channel 25 via the overflow 26, incrustation and stone formation is prevented at the brine concentrate opening 23.
Zur Aufheizung des Salzwassers wird die Sonnenstrahlung über einen oder mehrere Strahlungskonzentratoren mit einem oder mehreren Parabolspiegeln und/oder Umlenkspiegeln 6 und 7 auf die auf dem Salzwasser schwimmenden Schwimmkörper 5 gebündelt und reflektiert. Ebenfalls bündeln die auf der Haube 10 angebrachten Fresnel-Linsen 8 das Licht auf die Schwimmkörper 5, die sich zumindest an ihrer Oberseite nahezu als optische Schwarze Körper verhalten. An ihrer Unterseite weisen die Schwimmkörper 5 einen Boden 34 mit radialsymmetrisch angeordneten, ballig geformten Ausbuchtungen 37 auf. Diese Ausbuchtungen 37 liegen bei auf dem Salzwasser schwimmendem Schwimmkörper 5 teilweise unter und teilweise über der Oberfläche 35 des Salzwassers. Die Schwimmkörper 5 leiten somit die aufkonzentrierte Hitze über ihren Boden 34 an die Oberfläche 35 des Salzwassers weiter und bringen letzteres so zum Verdunsten oder Verdampfen. Die Form der Ausbuchtungen 37 gewährleistet die Schwimmfähigkeit der Schwimmkörper 5.To heat the salt water, the solar radiation is combined with one or more radiation concentrators or several parabolic mirrors and / or deflecting mirrors 6 and 7 are focused and reflected on the floating bodies 5 floating on the salt water. Likewise, the Fresnel lenses 8 attached to the hood 10 focus the light onto the floating bodies 5, which at least on their upper side behave almost as optical black bodies. On their underside, the floating bodies 5 have a bottom 34 with radially symmetrical, spherically shaped bulges 37. When the floating body 5 is floating on the salt water, these bulges 37 are partly below and partly above the surface 35 of the salt water. The floating bodies 5 thus conduct the concentrated heat through their base 34 to the surface 35 of the salt water and thus cause the latter to evaporate or evaporate. The shape of the bulges 37 ensures the buoyancy of the floating bodies 5.
Zur Weiterleitung des Wasserdampfes wird als geeignetes Transportgas im beschriebenen Ausbildungsbeispiel Luft verwendet; es könnte aber auch ein beliebiges inertes Gas verwendet werden.To transfer the water vapor, air is used as a suitable transport gas in the training example described; however, any inert gas could also be used.
Das Transportgas tritt zunächst in ein Heizelement 2 bei einem Gaseintritt 33 ein. Im beschriebenen Ausbildungsbeispiel ist das Heizelement 2 ein schlangenförmiges, aufsteigendes und innen mit schwarzem porösen Material gefülltes Glasrohr. Auf das Heizelement 2 wird Sonnenstrahlung mit Hilfe von etwa parabolzylindrischen Strahlungskonzentratoren 27 gerichtet, um das darin geführte Transportgas aufzuheizen.The transport gas first enters a heating element 2 at a gas inlet 33. In the exemplary embodiment described, the heating element 2 is a serpentine, ascending glass tube filled with black porous material on the inside. Solar radiation is directed onto the heating element 2 with the aid of approximately parabolic cylindrical radiation concentrators 27 in order to heat up the transport gas carried therein.
Das aufgeheizte Transportgas wird über eine Zufuhrleitung 3 zur Kammer 4 geführt. Im Innern des Verdunstungsbehälters 1 ist die Kammer 4 über flexible Leitungen 28 mit je einem Gaseintrittstutzen 36 eines Schwimmkörpers 5 verbunden. Das die Schwimmkörper 5 passierende Transportgas erfährt darin eine weitere Aufheizung und tritt dann an Gasaustrittsöffnungen 31 aus, die am Boden 34 der Schwimmkörper 5 knapp über deren Wasserlinie d.h. über der Oberfläche 35 des Salzwassers in unmittelbarer Nähe davon angebracht sind. Das heisse Transportgas lässt an der Oberfläche 35 des Salzwassers Was- serdampf verdunsten oder verdampfen, der vom Transportgas mitgenommen wird.The heated transport gas is fed to chamber 4 via a feed line 3. Inside the evaporation container 1, the chamber 4 is connected via flexible lines 28 to a gas inlet connector 36 of a float 5. The transport gas passing through the floating bodies 5 undergoes further heating therein and then exits at gas outlet openings 31 which are attached to the bottom 34 of the floating bodies 5 just above their waterline, ie above the surface 35 of the salt water in the immediate vicinity thereof. The hot transport gas leaves water on the surface 35 of the salt water. Evaporate or evaporate water vapor that is carried along by the transport gas.
Die flexible Leitungen 28 halten auch die Schwimmkörper 5 innerhalb des Verdunstungsbehälters 1 an geeigneter Stelle unter den Fresnel-Linsen 8 auf eine Weise, die den Schwimmkörpern 5 erlaubt, gegebenenfalls den Bewegungen der Oberfläche 35 des Salzwassers zu folgen.The flexible conduits 28 also hold the floats 5 within the evaporation container 1 at a suitable location under the Fresnel lenses 8 in a manner which allows the floats 5 to follow the movements of the surface 35 of the salt water if necessary.
Das über eine Abzugsleitung 9 aus dem Verdunstungsbehälter 1 abgeführte Gemisch 21 von Transportgas und Wasserdampf erfährt seine erste Abkühlung an Kühlerrohren 13, die durch den Salzwassertank 19 in thermischen Kontakt mit dem darin befindlichen kalten Salzwasser führen. Das Gasgemisch 21 erfährt eine weitere Abkühlung bei seinem Austritt aus den Kühlerrohren 13 und seinem anschliessenden Eintritt in Umlenkrohre 14, die sich an der freien Atmosphäre befinden und zum Wärmeaustauscher 15 führen. Seinerseits ist der Wärmeaustauscher 15 am schrägen Boden 29 des Verdunstungsbehälters 1 angeordnet, um zur Vorwärmung des darin befindlichen Salzwassers zu dienen, womit das Gasgemisch 21 eine noch weitere Abkühlung erfährt.The mixture 21 of transport gas and water vapor discharged from the evaporation container 1 via a discharge line 9 is cooled for the first time on cooler tubes 13, which lead through the salt water tank 19 into thermal contact with the cold salt water located therein. The gas mixture 21 is cooled further when it exits the cooler tubes 13 and then enters the deflection tubes 14, which are in the free atmosphere and lead to the heat exchanger 15. For its part, the heat exchanger 15 is arranged on the inclined bottom 29 of the evaporation container 1 in order to serve to preheat the salt water therein, with which the gas mixture 21 is cooled even further.
Infolge der Abkühlung des Gasgemisches 21 entstehen darin Wassertropfen 24, die in einem unter dem Verdunstungsbehälter 1 befindlichen Wassertank 16 gesammelt werden. Das mittlerweile abgekühlte Transportgas wird über eine Luftabsaugleitung 17 zu einem Kamin 18 abgeführt. Die beschriebene Strömung des Transportgases wird durch die Sogwirkung dieses Kamins 18 gewährleistet.As a result of the cooling of the gas mixture 21, water drops 24 arise therein, which are collected in a water tank 16 located under the evaporation container 1. The now cooled transport gas is discharged to a chimney 18 via an air suction line 17. The described flow of the transport gas is ensured by the suction effect of this chimney 18.
Sollte das abgeführte Transportgas noch merkliche Mengen Wasserdampf enthalten, so wird letzterer mit Hilfe von im unteren Teil des Kamins 18 vorgesehenen Füllkörpern 30 an deren grosser Kontaktfläche kondensiert und als Wasser zurückgewonnen, das über die Luftabsaugleitung 17 zum Wassertank 16 zurückfliesst .If the removed transport gas still contains noticeable amounts of water vapor, the latter is condensed with the aid of fillers 30 provided in the lower part of the chimney 18 at its large contact surface and recovered as water which flows back to the water tank 16 via the air suction line 17.
Daraus ist das kondensierte und im Wassertank 16 gesammelte Süsswasser 22 über einen Austrittstutzen 32 entnehmbar, um zu einem Verbraucher transportiert zu werden. Gewerbliche AnwendbarkeitFrom this, the condensed fresh water 22 collected in the water tank 16 can be removed via an outlet connection 32 in order to be transported to a consumer. Industrial applicability
Die erfindungsgemässe Wasserentsalzungsanlage kann aus- schliesslich mit Sonnenenergie betrieben werden und ist insbesondere zur Verdunstung von als Meerwasser, Salzseewasser oder Sole vorliegendes Salzwasser verwendbar, um Süsswasser zu produzieren, das beispielsweise als Trinkwasser in der Hotellerie oder als Brauchwasser zur Bewässerung von Wüstengebieten in der Nähe eines Meeres oder Sees verbraucht wird (Bei der Verwendung als Trinkwasser empfiehlt sich gegebenenfalls der Zusatz von Mineralien) .The water desalination plant according to the invention can be operated exclusively with solar energy and can be used, in particular, for the evaporation of salt water present as sea water, salt water or brine in order to produce fresh water, for example as drinking water in the hotel industry or as process water for irrigating desert areas in the vicinity Sea or lake is consumed (if used as drinking water, the addition of minerals may be recommended).
Die zur Verdunstung des Salzwassers benötigte thermische Energie wird aus der Sonnenenergie bezogen. Die Förderung des Salzwassers in der Anlage erfolgt durch eine Pumpeneinrichtung, die elektrisch betrieben wird und die benötigte elektrische Energie über Solarzellen ebenfalls aus der Sonnenenergie beziehen kann. Es kann allerdings zweckmässig sein, die von den Pumpen benötigte elektrische Energie von einem elektrischen Netz zu beziehen. The thermal energy required to evaporate the salt water is obtained from solar energy. The salt water in the system is conveyed by a pump device that is operated electrically and can also obtain the required electrical energy from solar energy via solar cells. However, it may be expedient to obtain the electrical energy required by the pumps from an electrical network.
LISTE DER BEZÜGSZEICHENLIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
S SonneS sun
1 Verdunstungsbehälter1 evaporation tank
2 Heizelement (Glasrohr)2 heating element (glass tube)
3 Zufuhrleitung (Transportgas)3 supply line (transport gas)
4 Kammer am Verdunstungsbehälter4 chamber on the evaporation tank
5 Schwimmkörper5 floats
6 Parabolspiegel6 parabolic mirrors
7 Umlenkspiegel7 deflecting mirror
8 Fresnel-linse8 Fresnel lens
9 Abzugsleitung (Transportgas/Wasserdampf) 9a Abzugshaube9 Extraction line (transport gas / water vapor) 9a extraction hood
10 Glashaube10 glass hood
11 Wandung11 wall
12 Verbindungsrohr12 connecting pipe
13 Kühlerrohr13 radiator pipe
14 Umlenkrohr14 deflecting tube
15 Wärmeaustauscher15 heat exchangers
16 Wassertank16 water tank
17 Luftabsaugleitung17 Air extraction line
18 Kamin18 fireplace
19 Salzwassertank19 salt water tank
20 Salzwasserpumpe20 salt water pump
21 Gasgemisch (Transportgas/Wasserdampf)21 gas mixture (transport gas / water vapor)
22 Gesammeltes Süsswasser22 Fresh water collected
23 Solekonzentrat-Öffnung23 Brine concentrate opening
24 Wassertropfen24 drops of water
25 Ablaufrinne25 drainage channel
26 Salzwasserüberlauf26 salt water overflow
27 Strahlungskonzentrator27 radiation concentrator
28 Flexible Leitung28 Flexible line
29 Boden des Verdunstungsbehälters29 Bottom of the evaporative canister
30 Füllkörper30 packing
31 Gasaustrittsöffnungen Austrittstutzen Gaseintritt Boden des Schwimmkörpers Oberfläche des Salzwassers Gaseintrittstutzen Noppen am Schwimmkörper-Boden 31 gas outlets Outlet connector gas inlet bottom of the float surface of the salt water Gas inlet connector studs on the bottom of the float

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS
1. Mit Sonnenenergie betriebene Wasserentsalzungsanlage mit einem Salzwasser enthaltenden Verdunstungsbehälter und einer Einrichtung zur Konzentration von auftre fender Sonnenstrahlung auf zumindest einen Bereich einer Oberfläche des Salzwassers im Verdunstungsbehälter, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdunstungsbehälter (1) eine Wandung (11) aufweist, die zumindest in einem Teilbereich (10) davon, der über der Oberfläche (35) des Salzwassers liegt, für Sonnenstrahlung durchlässig ist und zumindest ein Sonnenstrahlung absorbierender Schwimmkörper (5) im Verdunstungsbehälter (1) in einem Bereich der Oberfläche (35) des Salzwassers, auf den gebündelte Sonnenstrahlung auftrifft, auf dem Salzwasser schwimmend angeordnet ist.1. Solar-powered water desalination plant with an evaporation tank containing salt water and a device for concentrating incident solar radiation on at least one area of a surface of the salt water in the evaporation tank, characterized in that the evaporation tank (1) has a wall (11) that at least in a partial area (10) thereof, which lies above the surface (35) of the salt water, is permeable to solar radiation and at least one floating body (5) absorbing solar radiation in the evaporation container (1) in a region of the surface (35) of the salt water, onto which bundles Sun radiation strikes, on which salt water is arranged floating.
2. Wasserentsalzungsanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwimmkörper (5) an der Wandung (11) des Verdunstungsbehälters (1) flexibel gehalten ist.2. Water desalination plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the floating body (5) on the wall (11) of the evaporation container (1) is kept flexible.
3. Wasserentsalzungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder3. Water desalination plant according to one of claims 1 or
2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung zur Konzentration von auftreffender Sonnenstrahlung zumindest eine Fresnel-Linse (8) aufweist.2, characterized in that the device for concentrating incident solar radiation has at least one Fresnel lens (8).
4. Wasserentsalzungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis4. Water desalination plant according to one of claims 1 to
3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung zur Konzentration von auftreffender Sonnenstrahlung zumindest einen Strahlungskonzentrator mit Parabolspiegel (6) und Umlenkspiegel (7) aufweist.3, characterized in that the device for concentrating incident solar radiation has at least one radiation concentrator with parabolic mirror (6) and deflecting mirror (7).
5. Wasserentsalzungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwimmkörper (5) hohl und in etwa pillenförmig ausgebildet ist. 5. Water desalination plant according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the floating body (5) is hollow and approximately pill-shaped.
6. Wasserentsalzungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis6. Water desalination plant according to one of claims 1 to
5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwimmkörper (5) an seiner Unterseite einen Boden (34) mit radialsymmetrisch angeordneten, ballig geformten Ausbuchtungen (37) aufweist, die bei auf dem Salzwasser schwimmendem Schwimmkörper (5) teilweise über und teilweise unter der Oberfläche (35) des Salzwassers liegen.5, characterized in that the floating body (5) has on its underside a bottom (34) with radially symmetrically arranged, spherically shaped bulges (37) which partially float above and partly below the surface (35) when floating on the salt water ) of the salt water.
7. Wasserentsalzungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis7. Water desalination plant according to one of claims 1 to
6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwimmkörper (5) an seiner Oberseite einen axialen Gaseintrittstutzen (36) und an in Nähe der Oberfläche (35) des Salzwassers befindlichen Teilen der Ausbuchtungen (37) Gasaustrittsöffnungen (31) aufweist.6, characterized in that the floating body (5) has an axial gas inlet connection (36) on its upper side and gas outlet openings (31) on parts of the bulges (37) located near the surface (35) of the salt water.
8. Wasserentsalzungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis8. Water desalination plant according to one of claims 1 to
7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwimmkörper (5) über seinen Gaseintrittstutzen (36) und eine flexible Leitung (28) an ein Heizelement (2) zur Erhitzung von Gas durch auf das Heizelement (2) auftreffende Sonnenstrahlung angeschlossen ist.7, characterized in that the floating body (5) is connected via its gas inlet connection (36) and a flexible line (28) to a heating element (2) for heating gas by solar radiation impinging on the heating element (2).
9. Wasserentsalzungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis9. Water desalination plant according to one of claims 1 to
8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Verdunstungsbehälter (1) mehrere Schwimmkörper (5) auf dem Salzwasser schwimmend angeordnet und in bezug auf den Durchfluss von erhitztem Gas gruppenweise parallelgeschaltet sind, während die Gruppe von parallelgeschalteten Schwimmkörpern (5) in Reihenschaltung mit dem Heizelement (2) geschaltet ist.8, characterized in that in the evaporation container (1) a plurality of floating bodies (5) floating on the salt water and are connected in parallel in groups with respect to the flow of heated gas, while the group of floating bodies (5) connected in parallel in series with the heating element (2 ) is switched.
10. Wasserentsalzungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis10. Water desalination plant according to one of claims 1 to
9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Reihenschaltung zwischen dem Heizelement (2) und der Gruppe von parallelgeschalteten Schwimmkörpern (5) eine den Verdunstungsbehälter (1) umschliessende und einen Teil dessen Wandung (11) bildende Kammer (4) zwischengeschaltet ist. 9, characterized in that in the series connection between the heating element (2) and the group of floating bodies (5) connected in parallel, a chamber (4) enclosing the evaporation container (1) and forming part of its wall (11) is interposed.
PCT/EP1998/004696 1997-07-30 1998-07-27 Solar-powered water desalinisation plant WO1999006322A1 (en)

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WO2004048272A1 (en) * 2002-11-28 2004-06-10 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Enhancing water evaporation
WO2005108299A1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2005-11-17 Hayden John Stein A floating cover system for a body of liquid
DE102004008163A1 (en) * 2004-01-29 2005-12-29 Siegfried Rampelt Plant for distillation of liquids, especially seawater, has accumulating folding tube and float, whereby folding tube is collapsible and locked fluid in it can be transported from the deep through constricted pipes
DE102005039050A1 (en) * 2005-08-18 2007-03-01 Envia Infra Gmbh Steam condenser for pipework has container with lower air feed with hood and infill support grid and upper steam distributor with ejector nozzle and steam outlet pipe
AU2003283126B2 (en) * 2002-11-28 2009-09-10 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Enhancing water evaporation
WO2012082364A1 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 William Marsh Rice University Distilling a chemical mixture using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex for heating
US20120155841A1 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 William Marsh Rice University Generating a heated fluid using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex
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US9032731B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2015-05-19 William Marsh Rice University Cooling systems and hybrid A/C systems using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex
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WO2004048272A1 (en) * 2002-11-28 2004-06-10 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Enhancing water evaporation
AU2003283126B2 (en) * 2002-11-28 2009-09-10 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Enhancing water evaporation
DE102004008163A1 (en) * 2004-01-29 2005-12-29 Siegfried Rampelt Plant for distillation of liquids, especially seawater, has accumulating folding tube and float, whereby folding tube is collapsible and locked fluid in it can be transported from the deep through constricted pipes
WO2005108299A1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2005-11-17 Hayden John Stein A floating cover system for a body of liquid
DE102005039050A1 (en) * 2005-08-18 2007-03-01 Envia Infra Gmbh Steam condenser for pipework has container with lower air feed with hood and infill support grid and upper steam distributor with ejector nozzle and steam outlet pipe
DE102005039050B4 (en) * 2005-08-18 2008-12-04 Envia Infra Gmbh condensate cooler
GB2472590B (en) * 2009-08-11 2013-06-12 Rosemary Jones A concentrated solar boiling water lid and container
US9739473B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2017-08-22 William Marsh Rice University Electricity generation using electromagnetic radiation
US20120155841A1 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 William Marsh Rice University Generating a heated fluid using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex
WO2012082364A1 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 William Marsh Rice University Distilling a chemical mixture using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex for heating
US9032731B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2015-05-19 William Marsh Rice University Cooling systems and hybrid A/C systems using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex
US9222665B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2015-12-29 William Marsh Rice University Waste remediation
US9545458B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2017-01-17 Willam Marsh Rice University Waste remediation
US9863662B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2018-01-09 William Marsh Rice University Generating a heated fluid using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex
DE102013003935A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-11 Claude Mohadjer Solar seawater desalination plant
CN104828889A (en) * 2015-04-21 2015-08-12 沈阳化工大学 Simple seawater desalting device
ITUA20162850A1 (en) * 2016-04-04 2017-10-04 Stefano Oppo PRODUCTION OF PURE AND DRINKING WATER
WO2017175104A1 (en) * 2016-04-04 2017-10-12 Oppo Stefano Solar and wind energy water purifier
CN106225256A (en) * 2016-08-01 2016-12-14 浙江大学 Outer solidifying formula lens light gathering hot vaporizer

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