WO1999002629A1 - Graisse pour joints homocinetiques - Google Patents

Graisse pour joints homocinetiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999002629A1
WO1999002629A1 PCT/GB1998/001863 GB9801863W WO9902629A1 WO 1999002629 A1 WO1999002629 A1 WO 1999002629A1 GB 9801863 W GB9801863 W GB 9801863W WO 9902629 A1 WO9902629 A1 WO 9902629A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grease
constituents
weight
copper
oxide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1998/001863
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jisheng E
Original Assignee
Gkn Automotive Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gkn Automotive Ag filed Critical Gkn Automotive Ag
Publication of WO1999002629A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999002629A1/fr

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    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a lubricating grease which is intended primarily for use in constant velocity joints which are used in the drivelines of motor vehicles.
  • the motions of components within constant velocity joints are complex with a combination of rolling, sliding and spinning.
  • the components When the joints are under torque, the components are loaded together which can not only cause wear on the contact surfaces of the components, but also significant frictional forces between the surfaces. The wear can result in failure of the joints and the frictional forces can give rise to noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) in the driveline.
  • NVH noise, vibration and harshness
  • the greases used in constant velocity joints need not only to reduce wear, but also have to have a low co-efficient of friction to reduce the frictional forces and to reduce or prevent NVH.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a grease composition primarily for constant velocity joints which has both low wear and low friction characteristics and which is economical to produce.
  • a lubricating grease according to the invention is obtained by mixing together the following constituents:-
  • a base oil comprising one or more mineral or synthetic oils or mixtures thereof, b) a thickener,
  • X or Y represents S or O and each of R 1 to R 4 inclusive may be the same or different and each represents a primary (straight chain) or secondaiy (branched chain) alkyl group having between 3 and 20 carbon atoms,
  • some or all of the normal grease additives such as anti-wear additives, anti-oxidants, friction-modifying additives, corrosion inhibitors, tackiness agents and viscosity index improvers.
  • the powdered oxide preferably has a particle size of less than 50 ⁇ m. ticle sizes of less than 200 ⁇ m, 100% of the particles must pass through esh sieve as defined in ASTM El 1 or ISO 595. For particle sizes of less than 50 ⁇ m (45 ⁇ m), 100% of the particles must pass through a 325 mesh sieve as defined in ASTM El 1 or ISO 595.
  • the base oil preferably consists of a mixture of mineral oils and comprises 25% of naphthenic oils and 75% of paraffinic oils by weight based on the total base oil.
  • the invention is not limited to the use of mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbon oils or ester oils may be used either singly or mixed together or mixed with mineral oils.
  • the thickener may be a simple lithium soap formed from stearic acid, 12-hydroxy stearic acid or from other similar fatty acids or mixtures thereof or methyl esters of such acids.
  • a lithium complex soap may be used formed e.g. from a mixture of long chain fatty acids together with a complexing agent, e.g. a borate or one or more dicarboxylic acids.
  • a complexing agent e.g. a borate or one or more dicarboxylic acids.
  • complex lithium soaps allows the grease to operate up to a temperature of about 180°C whereas with simple lithium soaps the grease will only operate up to a temperature of about 120°C.
  • Other thickeners may be used such as simple or complex calcium, sodium, barium or aluminium soaps; clays; polymers such as polyethylenes and polytetrafluorethylenes; and urea derivatives.
  • the grease constituents may include between 0.5 to 5% by weight of a zinc dithiophosphate as an anti-wear additive which is preferably selected from the group of those represented by the following general formula:
  • each of R 5 to R 8 inclusive may be the same or different and each represents an alkyl group having 1 to 24, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms or an aiyl group having 6 to 30, preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group may be a primary or secondary.
  • the substituents R to R inclusive each represents a primary or secondary alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • potassium borate may be used as an anti-wear additive.
  • the grease constituents may also include between 0.5 and 5% by weight of a molybdenum dithiocarbamate complex which acts as a minor friction modifier.
  • the molybdenum dithiocarbamate may be in accordance with the formula: -
  • X or Y represents S or O and each of R 9 to R 12 inclusive may be the same or different and each represents a primary (straight chain) or secondary (branched chain) alkyl group having between 3 and 20 carbon atoms.
  • the grease constituents may also include between 0.10 to 5% by weight of a metal-free, sulphur-containing extreme pressure additive which may be a sulphur/phosphorus additive or one containing sulphur but no phosphorous.
  • a metal-free, sulphur-containing extreme pressure additive which may be a sulphur/phosphorus additive or one containing sulphur but no phosphorous.
  • the additive preferably contains 20-30% of an amine phosphate and 55-65% of sulphurised oil, the percentages being by weight.
  • the grease constituents may include 0.1 to 2% by weight of an anti- oxidant in the form of an amine, preferably an aromatic amine, which may be phenyl ⁇ -naphthylamine or di-phenylamine or derivatives thereof.
  • the grease may also contain a corrosion inhibitor such as a natural or synthetic petroleum sulphonate salt of an alkali, alkaline earth or transition metal, e.g. calcium petroleum sulphonate, a tackiness agent, e.g. polyisobutene, and a viscosity index improver, e.g. polymethylmethacrylate.
  • a corrosion inhibitor such as a natural or synthetic petroleum sulphonate salt of an alkali, alkaline earth or transition metal, e.g. calcium petroleum sulphonate, a tackiness agent, e.g. polyisobutene, and a viscosity index improver, e.g. polymethylmethacrylate.
  • Greases A and B Two base greases were made up according to the following compositions and are referred to herein as Greases A and B; the figures in the table are percentages by weight of the total grease.
  • the components of the base greases were as follows:
  • Base oil 25% by weight naphthenic oils and 75% by weight paraffinic oils based on the total of the base oil.
  • Molybdenum dithiophosphate Molyvan L, available from R.T. Vanderbilt Company.
  • Molybdenum dithiocarbamate Molyvan 822, available from R.T. Vanderbilt Company.
  • Zinc dithiophosphate (Lubrizol 1360, available from Lubrizol Great Britain Ltd.).
  • Anti-oxidant additive (Additin RC7130 available from Rhein Chemie).
  • Test samples were made up comprising 98% by weight of Grease A or Grease B and 2% by weight of a copper additive. This was either copper powder, cuprous oxide (copper (I) oxide), cupric oxide (copper (II) oxide) or copper (II) naphthenate. Each of the copper powder and the copper oxides had a particle size of less than 45 ⁇ m as defined above.
  • the additive was blended with the grease in a mixer until thoroughly blended and the grease was then milled to achieve homogenisation.
  • Laboratory sliding friction and wear tests are widely used in oil and grease development. These types of tests are used to mimic contact conditions between mating surfaces.
  • One apparatus for canying out such tests is the Optimol Instruments SRV (Schwingungen Reibung Verschliess) tester.
  • the test consists of an upper ball specimen reciprocating under load on a flat disc lower specimen, with the grease lubricating the contact. It is an industry standard test and is especially relevant for the testing of greases for CV Joints.
  • A is Grease A with no copper additive
  • a p0 is Grease A with 2% of powdered copper
  • a p ⁇ is Grease A with 2% of copper (I) oxide
  • a p2 is Grease A with 2% of copper (II) oxide
  • a n2 is Grease A with 2% of copper naphthenate, all the percentages being by weight of the total grease including the copper or the copper-containing additive.
  • Figure 1 shows the static and dynamic friction co-efficients measured in the SRV tests referred to above for Grease A without any additives and for the Greases A p0 , A p ⁇ , A p2 and A 1)2 .
  • a p2 i.e. Grease A with the addition of copper (II) oxide and is closely followed by Grease A p ⁇ containing the copper (I) oxide.
  • Smaller reductions in co-efficient of static friction are shown by Greases A p0 and A reputation 2 .
  • the co-efficient of dynamic friction the situation is the same as with static friction with the copper oxide powders; powdered copper gives a greater reduction in co-efficient of dynamic friction than does copper naphthenate.
  • FIG. 2 shows the wear depth measured in the SRV tests for Grease A and Greases A p0 , A pi , A p2 and A n2 . It will be seen that the wear depth using Grease A p ⁇ is considerably less than that obtained with any of the other greases and the reduction in wear depth using Grease A p ⁇ as compared with Grease A is 74%; in five out of eight tests there was no measurable wear. The reduction in wear depth using copper or copper naphthenate is about the same at 27% and the reduction in wear depth using Grease A p2 is rather less at 18% (see Figure
  • FIGs 4 and 5 show the results of tests in a constant velocity joint.
  • A shows the two dimensional profile of the virgin surface of the tracks in the outer race of a plunging tripod joint before testing.
  • B shows the wear scar depth in the tracks parallel to the direction of movement of the rollers using Grease A and
  • C shows the wear scar depth obtained using Grease A p ⁇ after the test.
  • This is shown graphically in Figure 5 where it is seen that the average wear depth of a test sample lubricated by Grease A p ⁇ is approximately a quarter of the wear depth of a test sample lubricated with Grease A.
  • the test conditions were 106 hours at a torque of 1,000 Newton metres at 160 revolutions per minute (rpm) at an installed angle of 6°. This is a high torque/low speed test.
  • Figure 6 shows the damage grades after running a plunging tripode joint in a test under the conditions referred to in relation to Figures 4 and 5.
  • the average damage grades are assessed according to the following table.
  • a damage grade of 10 is as new and at a damage grade of 1 the component is severely damaged. It will be seen that there is considerable increase in damage grades (i.e. less damage) in the parts of the joint when using Grease A p ⁇ , as compared with test using Grease A.
  • Figure 7 shows the reduction in third order axial force generated in a plunging tripode joint at different degrees of articulation when using Grease A pl as compared with Grease A.
  • the test conditions were 300 Newton metres torque at 200 rpm after running in for 20 minutes at 100 Newton metres torque at 200 rpm.
  • Figure 8 shows the effect of the addition of different percentages of copper (I) oxide to Grease A with respect to the wear depth and static and dynamic co-efficients of friction. It will be seen that with the addition of 1% by weight of the total grease of copper (I) oxide the wear depth is reduced virtually to zero. It will also be seen that an increase in the content of copper (I) oxide over about 1.5% does not make a great deal of difference to the static and dynamic co-efficients of friction. The main difference between the composition of Grease A and Grease B is that the content of molybdenum dithiophosphate in Grease B is only 2% whereas it is 3% in Grease A.
  • Figures 9 and 10 show comparative results between Greases A and B, the composition of Grease B being as set out in the above table and the composition of Grease B p ⁇ being 98% Grease B plus 2% by weight of the total grease of powdered copper (I) oxide having a particle size of less than 45 ⁇ m as defined above.
  • Grease B p] has a comparable performance to Grease A p ⁇ and Figure 1 1 shows how a cost saving can be obtained by replacing some of the molybdenum dithiophosphate with copper (I) oxide.
  • copper (I) oxide the saving on the cost of raw materials by substituting 1% of copper (I) oxide for 1% of molybdenum dithiophosphate is approximately 9% rising to about 17% if 2% of the molybdenum dithiophosphate is replaced by copper (I) oxide.
  • Sample No. 1 contained no copper, is similar in composition to Grease A described above and is included as a control sample of an acceptable non- copper-containing grease.
  • the samples of greases according to the invention are Samples 3, 4 and 6, the remaining samples are comparative examples all of which, except Sample 1, include copper or a copper-containing compound.
  • Sample 1 includes copper or a copper-containing compound.
  • Each of the samples of grease were tested for wear and friction in an SRV tester under conditions identical to those applied to Greases A and B as described above. The results of the two tests were averaged and the results are shown in Figures 12 and 13, Figure 12 shows the measured static friction for each sample and Figure 13 shows the measured wear depth for each sample.
  • the invention provides a grease, particularly but not exclusively for use in constant velocity joints, which has low wear and low friction characteristics and is economical in the cost of raw materials.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

On décrit une graisse qui s'utilise particulièrement pour lubrifier des joints homocinétiques et comprend une huile de base contenant des huiles minérales ou synthétiques ou leurs mélanges, un épaississeur, un dithiophosphate de molybdène et un oxyde cuivrique (I). En outre, cette graisse peut inclure un dithiocarbamate de molybdène, un dithiophosphate de zinc, un agent extrême-pression contenant du soufre et exempt de métaux, un amine organique et, au besoin, au moins quelques-uns des additifs usuels tels que des inhibiteurs de corrosion, des additifs antioxydants, des agents de poissage ou des améliorants d'indice de viscosité. Cette graisse est économique lorsqu'elle est utilisée dans des matières premières, et présente des caractéristiques à coefficient d'usure et de frottement réduit.
PCT/GB1998/001863 1997-07-08 1998-06-26 Graisse pour joints homocinetiques WO1999002629A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9714292.1 1997-07-08
GBGB9714292.1A GB9714292D0 (en) 1997-07-08 1997-07-08 Grease for constant-velocity joints

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999002629A1 true WO1999002629A1 (fr) 1999-01-21

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1998/001863 WO1999002629A1 (fr) 1997-07-08 1998-06-26 Graisse pour joints homocinetiques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
FR (1) FR2765886A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB9714292D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999002629A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1046700A3 (fr) * 1999-04-21 2002-02-06 Showa Shell Sekiyu Kabushiki Kaisha Composition de graisse pour joint homocinétique
US6656890B1 (en) * 1999-02-16 2003-12-02 Gkn Automotive Gmbh Grease composition for constant velocity joints
EP1724328A1 (fr) * 2004-02-27 2006-11-22 Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd. Composition de graisse pour joint à vitesse constante et joint à vitesse constante
JP2007056139A (ja) * 2005-08-24 2007-03-08 Ntn Corp 等速ジョイント用グリース組成物
WO2021052578A1 (fr) 2019-09-18 2021-03-25 Gkn Driveline International Gmbh Composition de graisse comprenant du sulfure de cuivre pour joints homocinétiques

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994011470A1 (fr) * 1992-11-14 1994-05-26 Gkn Technology Limited Graisses
DE19530504A1 (de) * 1994-08-19 1996-03-14 Gkn Automotive Ag Hochtemperaturfett auf Harnstoffbasis
EP0708172A2 (fr) * 1994-10-21 1996-04-24 Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd. Composition de graisse pour joint homocinétique
CN1124280A (zh) * 1994-12-06 1996-06-12 陈琰 一种耐极压重负荷润滑脂

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994011470A1 (fr) * 1992-11-14 1994-05-26 Gkn Technology Limited Graisses
DE19530504A1 (de) * 1994-08-19 1996-03-14 Gkn Automotive Ag Hochtemperaturfett auf Harnstoffbasis
EP0708172A2 (fr) * 1994-10-21 1996-04-24 Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd. Composition de graisse pour joint homocinétique
CN1124280A (zh) * 1994-12-06 1996-06-12 陈琰 一种耐极压重负荷润滑脂

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 9747, Derwent World Patents Index; Class E11, AN 97-504318, XP002080854 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6656890B1 (en) * 1999-02-16 2003-12-02 Gkn Automotive Gmbh Grease composition for constant velocity joints
DE10084148B4 (de) * 1999-02-16 2005-04-14 Gkn Driveline International Gmbh Schmierfettzusammensetzung für Gleichlaufgelenke
EP1046700A3 (fr) * 1999-04-21 2002-02-06 Showa Shell Sekiyu Kabushiki Kaisha Composition de graisse pour joint homocinétique
EP1724328A1 (fr) * 2004-02-27 2006-11-22 Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd. Composition de graisse pour joint à vitesse constante et joint à vitesse constante
EP1724328A4 (fr) * 2004-02-27 2010-10-27 Kyodo Yushi Composition de graisse pour joint à vitesse constante et joint à vitesse constante
US8216983B2 (en) 2004-02-27 2012-07-10 Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd. Grease composition for use in constant velocity joint and constant velocity joint
JP2007056139A (ja) * 2005-08-24 2007-03-08 Ntn Corp 等速ジョイント用グリース組成物
WO2021052578A1 (fr) 2019-09-18 2021-03-25 Gkn Driveline International Gmbh Composition de graisse comprenant du sulfure de cuivre pour joints homocinétiques
US11643613B2 (en) 2019-09-18 2023-05-09 Gkn Driveline International Gmbh Grease composition including copper sulfide for constant velocity joints

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9714292D0 (en) 1997-09-10
FR2765886A1 (fr) 1999-01-15

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