WO1998052451A1 - Appareil electrique de conditionnement thermique des aliments - Google Patents
Appareil electrique de conditionnement thermique des aliments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998052451A1 WO1998052451A1 PCT/FR1998/000970 FR9800970W WO9852451A1 WO 1998052451 A1 WO1998052451 A1 WO 1998052451A1 FR 9800970 W FR9800970 W FR 9800970W WO 9852451 A1 WO9852451 A1 WO 9852451A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- transparent
- substrate
- electrical resistance
- conductive layer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J37/00—Baking; Roasting; Grilling; Frying
- A47J37/06—Roasters; Grills; Sandwich grills
- A47J37/08—Bread-toasters
- A47J37/0807—Bread-toasters with radiating heaters and reflectors
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is an electrical apparatus for thermal conditioning of food, making it possible to grill, cook, reheat or maintain food temperature, by a heating body implementing the Joule effect.
- the heating of food by electric means is spreading more and more, by microwave, by induction, or, always, by Joule effect.
- toasters or electric toasters currently used generally comprise a box open at its upper part, inside which are arranged at least a pair of parallel plates between which the bread to be toasted can be introduced. These plates generally support a set of naked resistors or included in a quartz sheath.
- the bread itself can be mounted in a vertically movable support so that the bread slices are automatically ejected from the box after a determined heating time or after a determined temperature has been reached.
- the toasting or toasting action consists of toasting the external surface of a slice of bread while the internal volume remains soft but warm.
- energy is produced by the Joule effect resulting from the passage of current through the resistors. The energy thus released is transmitted by radiation on each surface of the bread according to a factor proportional to the power four of the absolute temperature according to the laws of Stephan and Boltzman.
- the main object of the present invention is to overcome this drawback and to allow visual monitoring of the development of the bread introduced into the toaster, or of any other food treated in the same way, by increasing vision without decreasing the heating surface. . Furthermore, the reduction in the number of parts is likely to reduce the manufacturing cost and increase reliability.
- the electrical apparatus for thermal conditioning of food comprising a support frame in which is mounted at least one heating element, is characterized in that said heating element consists of an electrical resistance, connected to a current source electric, adjacent to at least one transparent substrate, thermally and mechanically resistant.
- the thermally and mechanically resistant substrate can be constituted by a monolithic glass plate or by a laminated glass plate or by a polymer plate.
- the electrical resistance can be fixed on a transparent substrate, included between two transparent substrates or be constituted by a plane conducting layer arranged on a plate.
- the electrically resistant continuous layer is advantageously a transparent oxide layer which is i-conductive in particular of tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine or of indium oxide doped with tin, the resistant layers emitting in the temperature range of said thermal conditioning, radiation whose wavelength is of the order of 7 microns.
- Glass plates coated on one side with a thin transparent electroconductive layer with low emissivity and infrared reflection exist commercially, the conductive layer generally being based on tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine, or indium oxide doped with tin, deposited in a thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 microns, for example from 0.3 to 0.4 microns.
- the surface resistivity can range from a few ⁇ / D to a few hundred ⁇ / D, for example 10 to 100 ⁇ / D.
- the conductive layer behaves like an electrical resistance whose value depends on the length / width ratio. This layer, by passing the current heats up and also heats the glass plate or more generally the substrate. It was found that the surface resistance of the glass (not coated with a layer) being of the order of 10 12 ⁇ / D, the surface emissivity on the side of the layer is 0.15 and on the opposite side of 0 , 9. A heating plate therefore emits asymmetrical radiation in the proportions of 0.9 to 0.15. According to Kirchoff's law, the radiation emitted only takes place over the wavelengths for which the glass plate has an absorption band. This band is located on wavelengths between 5 and 20 microns. The reflectivity in the infrared is 85% on the side of the layer and 4% on the opposite side. The whole glass-layer remains transparent to light
- Such glasses are produced for tin oxide layers by large glass companies such as SAINT GOBAIN. Substrates covered with layers of indium oxide are widely used in electronics. Deposits are generally carried out by methods of sputtering under vacuum or pyrolysis in the liquid or gas phase. These glasses are sold in particular for the production of glazing allowing the visible spectrum of sunlight to penetrate and reflecting, on the contrary, the infrared radiation at longer wavelengths. Such glasses are sometimes used to manufacture windshields enabling defrosting by the Joule effect at a low temperature or in the manufacture of solar cells or displays.
- the supply of current to a thin layer is advantageously carried out by two fine conductive strips arranged for example along two opposite edges of the plate and to each of which is welded a conductor connected to a voltage source.
- the resistance consists of a resistant metal wire applied to a transparent substrate or included between two transparent substrates.
- the wire is a fine wire whose arrangement is chosen so as not to substantially alter the optical density of the resulting heating element, that is to say without significantly reducing vision.
- the value of the electrical resistance of a heating element according to the invention is chosen so that the surface temperature of the heating element is between 150 and 300 ° C.
- the internal temperature must be of the order of 250 ° C. which implies that the glasses coated with thin layers must be designed in the mass or treated for their resistance to thermal shocks.
- the fact that the surface temperature of the heating element remains between 150 and 300 ° C is obviously an advantage compared to current toasters and their very high temperatures.
- the heating body can itself be made of laminated glass, the conductive layer being integrated between the two sheets. This conductive layer can, in certain cases consist of resistant wires which are sandwiched between the two layers of glass, without very considerably reducing vision.
- the heating element is a continuous layer, it is possible to protect the heating plate against the possibility of electric short circuits and, for this purpose, a layer of thermally resistant and transparent electrical insulation can be attached to the conductive layer, such as a layer of glass, silica, chromium oxide, titanium oxide.
- a second pair of plates one of the faces of which is coated with a transparent layer with low emissivity and reflecting infrared is placed parallel to the first on the side opposite the food, facing and at a distance from the element. heating.
- the purpose of these plates is to reduce energy loss to the outside and to ensure an external temperature of the device that does not present a risk for the user.
- the purpose of said reflective layer is to block the infrared radiation emitted by the heating element to the outside, said reflective layer re-emitting part of the radiation emitted towards the thin conductive layer. This helps to limit losses to the outside and to ensure the device a temperature which does not present a danger to the user.
- Said transparent layer reflecting infrared is chosen in particular from the materials mentioned above, which simplifies the construction of the device.
- the support receives at least two heating elements as defined above parallel and vertical, the toaster or toaster bread then being placed in the compartment or compartments delimited by the hot plates.
- second infrared reflecting substrates are provided, these are, of course, only associated with the extreme elements.
- the support of the toaster advantageously has an opening in its walls opposite the heating elements which can reveal all of these.
- the support can be in the form of a conventional box or in the form of a simple frame. It can be carried out with the possibility of dismantling the hotplates, making it easier to clean them, in particular in a dishwasher.
- FIG. 2 a schematic perspective view of a toaster according to one invention
- FIG. 3 a partial top view of the same toaster.
- the example which is given relates to a toaster or toaster, but the invention can be applied mutatis mutandis to other appliances for grilling, cooking, heating, reheating or maintaining food temperatures.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the invention.
- the food to be toasted here a slice of bread P, is placed between two glass slides 1a, 1b coated on the outside with conductive layers 3a, 3b, for example of tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine.
- the layers 3a, 3b are electrically connected to a source of current which may be alternating, the phenomenon brought into play being the Joule effect.
- the flow of current emits heat which toasts bread P.
- FIG 2 we see that in a box 10 are mounted different parallel plates.
- the box 10 has, in general, a "U" shape so that these two large side faces 11 (only one of which appears in the figure) are open at their upper part which can be closed by a cover (not shown) leaving a central slot 2 for introducing a piece of bread P for toasting.
- the piece of bread P appears, of course, when looking over the slit 2 but also when looking through the faces 11.
- the glass plates are coated, at the exterior, a thin conductive layer 3a and 3b respectively.
- two other plates 4a and 4b are respectively mounted which are glass plates whose surface may be greater than the surface of the conductive layers 3a and 3b to avoid any accidental electrical contact.
- the plates 4a and 4b have, on the side facing the conductive layers 3a and 3b, a reflective layer respectively 5a and 5b reflecting the infrared and intended to return, at least in part, the radiation emitted by it on the conductive layer .
- Figure 3 shows, in top view, the assembly of the plates on one side of the toaster.
- a thin conductive layer 3b for example, of tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine, or of indium oxide doped with tin.
- the thickness of layer 3b is a few tenths of a micron.
- a layer 5b reflecting the infrared, this layer 5b being turned towards the layer 3b; the distance between layers 3b and 5b is around 5 mm.
- the layer 3b has, at its two vertical ends, electrodes 6 formed by wide strips enabling an electrical voltage to be applied to each of the edges.
- the energy radiated by the layer 3b towards the inside of the toaster is of the order of 1300 watts / m 2 .
- the wavelength of the maximum radiated is 7 microns which corresponds to the absorption bands of most foods.
- the heating is controlled by a photoelectric cell disposed outside the device and directed towards the outside of the latter.
- This cell acting on the power supply, detects the change in color of the food, for example bread, during cooking.
- the present invention is also suitable for the production of transparent and aesthetic dish warmers.
- heat can be transmitted by radiation or by contact.
- at least part of the device may be opaque.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP55003398A JP2001504741A (ja) | 1997-05-16 | 1998-05-15 | 食品の熱処理用の電気装置 |
DE19880707T DE19880707T1 (de) | 1997-05-16 | 1998-05-15 | Elektrischer Apparat zum thermischen Konditionieren von Lebensmitteln |
GB9900207A GB2332349B (en) | 1997-05-16 | 1998-05-15 | Electrical apparatus for the thermal processing of foodstuff |
US09/214,926 US6125234A (en) | 1997-05-16 | 1998-05-15 | Cooking apparatus with transparent heating plates |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9706031A FR2763233B1 (fr) | 1997-05-16 | 1997-05-16 | Appareil electrique de conditionnement thermique des aliments |
FR97/06031 | 1997-05-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998052451A1 true WO1998052451A1 (fr) | 1998-11-26 |
Family
ID=9506964
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1998/000970 WO1998052451A1 (fr) | 1997-05-16 | 1998-05-15 | Appareil electrique de conditionnement thermique des aliments |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6125234A (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001504741A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE19880707T1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2763233B1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2332349B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998052451A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1089646A1 (fr) * | 1998-07-02 | 2001-04-11 | Willie H. Best | Ensemble de chauffage et appareil de cuisson |
WO2010131017A2 (fr) | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-18 | Morphy Richards Limited | Appareil de chauffage d'aliment |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6357343B1 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2002-03-19 | Nesco, Inc. | Toaster |
FR2799632B3 (fr) * | 1999-10-14 | 2001-11-23 | Hameur Sa | Grille pain |
FR2805143B1 (fr) * | 2000-02-18 | 2002-04-19 | Seb Sa | Grille-pain a parois chauffantes transparentes |
US6397732B1 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-06-04 | Dierre B. Jenkins | Toaster-being see-thru and having a plurality of different sized toast wells, one of which being adjustable |
JP2004516090A (ja) * | 2000-12-22 | 2004-06-03 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | パンをトーストする装置 |
WO2002053000A1 (fr) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-11 | Nesco, Inc. | Grille-pain |
US6639187B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2003-10-28 | Hp Intellectual Corp. | Toaster with movable food support and movable doors with windows |
GB0124190D0 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2001-11-28 | Panaghe Stylianos | Printed heating element electric toaster |
JP2003339540A (ja) * | 2002-05-30 | 2003-12-02 | Thermos Kk | 電気加熱保温容器 |
JP2005140459A (ja) * | 2003-11-10 | 2005-06-02 | Osada Giken Co Ltd | 家電用ヒーターユニット |
US7800024B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2010-09-21 | Duguay Michel A | Lithic wireless warming table and portable heaters |
US20060186106A1 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-08-24 | Neville Hugh C | Heat transfer apparatus |
US20070138167A1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-06-21 | Nitai Friedman | Heated food warmer |
TR200704620A2 (tr) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-21 | Pestgo Elektroni̇k Ve Ki̇mya Teknoloji̇si̇ Araştirma Geli̇şti̇rme Danişmanlik San. Ve Ti̇c. Ltd.Şti̇. | Sağlıklı ekonomik infrared radyant ışıma jeneratörü |
KR100980222B1 (ko) * | 2008-04-17 | 2010-09-06 | (주)미르테크 | 토스터 |
FR2942385B1 (fr) * | 2009-02-23 | 2015-06-19 | Hameur | Grille-pain. |
GB0908860D0 (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2009-07-01 | Sagentia Ltd | Iron |
CN202505082U (zh) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-10-31 | 漳州灿坤实业有限公司 | 一种面包机 |
US10168885B2 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2019-01-01 | Zymeworks Inc. | Systems and methods for making two dimensional graphs of complex molecules |
US9408497B2 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2016-08-09 | Whirlpool Corporation | Multi-functional toasting platform utilizing a coated clear-glass heating element |
EP3132654A4 (fr) * | 2014-04-16 | 2018-01-31 | Spectrum Brands, Inc. | Appareil de cuisson utilisant un élément chauffant à film mince |
AU362546S (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2015-07-14 | Richards Morphy N I Ltd | Toaster |
CN214595581U (zh) * | 2020-04-06 | 2021-11-05 | 沙克忍者运营有限责任公司 | 能定位在支撑表面上的烹饪系统 |
EP3900584B1 (fr) * | 2021-03-22 | 2023-06-07 | Walter Werkzeuge Salzburg GmbH | Rôtissoire |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3919441A (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1975-11-11 | Seinosuke Horiki | Panel-styled calorific devices and a process for manufacturing the same |
JPS5510466A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1980-01-24 | Seiko Epson Corp | Production of transparent electrically conductive film |
DE3047780A1 (de) * | 1980-12-18 | 1982-07-08 | Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Elektrisch beheiztes haushaltsgeraet |
US4713530A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-12-15 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Heating element combined glass/enamel overcoat |
US4970375A (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1990-11-13 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | High-temperature heating systems and a process for their production |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2564706A (en) * | 1946-05-02 | 1951-08-21 | Corning Glass Works | Coated resistance |
US2564677A (en) * | 1947-09-15 | 1951-08-21 | Corning Glass Works | Electrically conducting coating on glass and other ceramic bodies |
US2777044A (en) * | 1951-12-15 | 1957-01-08 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Electrical heating device |
US3737624A (en) * | 1970-09-16 | 1973-06-05 | Progressive Products Co | Electric grill with a thin-film heating element |
DE2130555A1 (de) * | 1971-06-19 | 1972-12-21 | Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh | Elektrischer Brotroester |
US4173530A (en) * | 1974-01-14 | 1979-11-06 | Otisca Industries, Ltd. | Methods of and apparatus for cleaning coal |
DE2844650A1 (de) * | 1978-10-13 | 1980-04-17 | Schickedanz Willi | Brotroester |
US4791862A (en) * | 1985-11-23 | 1988-12-20 | Robert Krups Stiftung & Co. Kg | Electric toaster |
US5119467A (en) * | 1990-08-02 | 1992-06-02 | Air-Shields, Inc. | Transparent film radiant heat source for use with incubators |
AU627997B2 (en) * | 1990-11-19 | 1992-09-03 | Breville Pty Ltd | Sandwich toaster |
FR2707858B1 (fr) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-12-15 | Dauchy Francois | Grille-pain à parois transparentes. |
FR2743287B1 (fr) * | 1996-01-10 | 1998-02-27 | Seb Sa | Appareil de grillage du type grille-pain avec controle visuel |
US5896808A (en) * | 1998-10-26 | 1999-04-27 | Graur; Walter | Portable broiler with electrically conductive lid |
-
1997
- 1997-05-16 FR FR9706031A patent/FR2763233B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-05-15 DE DE19880707T patent/DE19880707T1/de not_active Ceased
- 1998-05-15 WO PCT/FR1998/000970 patent/WO1998052451A1/fr active Application Filing
- 1998-05-15 GB GB9900207A patent/GB2332349B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-15 US US09/214,926 patent/US6125234A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-15 JP JP55003398A patent/JP2001504741A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3919441A (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1975-11-11 | Seinosuke Horiki | Panel-styled calorific devices and a process for manufacturing the same |
JPS5510466A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1980-01-24 | Seiko Epson Corp | Production of transparent electrically conductive film |
DE3047780A1 (de) * | 1980-12-18 | 1982-07-08 | Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Elektrisch beheiztes haushaltsgeraet |
US4713530A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-12-15 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Heating element combined glass/enamel overcoat |
US4970375A (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1990-11-13 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | High-temperature heating systems and a process for their production |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 004, no. 038 (C - 004) 27 March 1980 (1980-03-27) * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1089646A1 (fr) * | 1998-07-02 | 2001-04-11 | Willie H. Best | Ensemble de chauffage et appareil de cuisson |
EP1089646A4 (fr) * | 1998-07-02 | 2002-04-17 | Willie H Best | Ensemble de chauffage et appareil de cuisson |
WO2010131017A2 (fr) | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-18 | Morphy Richards Limited | Appareil de chauffage d'aliment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19880707T1 (de) | 1999-05-27 |
GB2332349B (en) | 2001-07-25 |
JP2001504741A (ja) | 2001-04-10 |
FR2763233A1 (fr) | 1998-11-20 |
GB2332349A (en) | 1999-06-16 |
GB9900207D0 (en) | 1999-02-24 |
US6125234A (en) | 2000-09-26 |
FR2763233B1 (fr) | 1999-07-16 |
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