WO1998048072A1 - Multilayered coated cutting tool - Google Patents

Multilayered coated cutting tool Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998048072A1
WO1998048072A1 PCT/SE1998/000705 SE9800705W WO9848072A1 WO 1998048072 A1 WO1998048072 A1 WO 1998048072A1 SE 9800705 W SE9800705 W SE 9800705W WO 9848072 A1 WO9848072 A1 WO 9848072A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutting tool
coating
tool according
alternating layers
resp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE1998/000705
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Torbjörn SELINDER
Christian Strondl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sandvik AB
Original Assignee
Sandvik AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandvik AB filed Critical Sandvik AB
Priority to EP98917915A priority Critical patent/EP0983393B1/en
Priority to DE69819713T priority patent/DE69819713T2/de
Priority to JP54559098A priority patent/JP2001521447A/ja
Priority to AT98917915T priority patent/ATE254191T1/de
Priority to IL13196598A priority patent/IL131965A/xx
Publication of WO1998048072A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998048072A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0635—Carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0641—Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C23C28/42—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
    • Y10T428/24975—No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cutting tool for metal machining, having a substrate of cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics or high speed steel and, on the surface of said substrate, a hard and wear resistant refractory coating deposited by Physical (PVD) or Chemical (CVD) Vapor Deposition.
  • the coating is adherently bonded to the substrate and is composed of a laminar, multilayered structure of alternating metal nitrides or carbides with individual layers, lamellae, having an aperiodic sequence of thicknesses. With this structure, it is understood that the multilayer has no superlattice repeat period.
  • Individual metal nitride or carbide layers have thicknesses in the nanometer range (nm) and the metal elements of the nitride or carbide are selected from Ti, Nb, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, Zr, Cr or W and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention relates particularly to the art of PVD coated cemented carbides or similar hard materials such as cermets, ceramics and high speed steels.
  • the method of depositing a thin refractory coating (1-20 ⁇ m) of materials like alumina (AI2O3), titanium carbide (TiC) and/or titanium nitride (TiN) onto, e.g., a cemented carbide cutting tool is a well established technology and the tool life of the coated cutting tool, when used in metal machining, is considerably prolonged. The prolonged service life of the tool may under certain conditions extend up to several 100 percent.
  • Refractory coatings known in the art comprise either a single layer or a combination of multilayers.
  • Modern commercial cutting tools are characterised by a plurality of layer combinations with double or multilayer structures.
  • the total coating thickness varies between 1 and 20 micrometers ( ⁇ ) and in the prior art, the multilayered structure is characterised in the mi crometer range ( ⁇ m) , i.e., the thickness of the individual sublayers varies between a few microns and a few tenths of a micron.
  • PVD coated commercial cutting tools of cemented carbides or high speed steels usually have a single coating of TiN, TiCN or TiAIN, but combinations thereof also exist.
  • PVD techniques capable of producing refractory thin layers on cutting tools and the most established methods are ion plating, magnetron sputtering, arc discharge evaporation and IBAD (Ion Beam Assisted Deposition) .
  • Each method has its own merits and the intrinsic properties of the produced coating such as microstructure/grain size, hardness, state of stress, cohesion and adhesion to the underlying substrate may vary depending on the particular PVD method chosen.
  • An improvement in the wear resistance or the edge integrity of a PVD coated cutting tool being used in a specific machining operation can thus be accomplished by optimizing one or several of the above mentioned properties.
  • new developments of the existing PVD techniques by, for instance, introducing unbalanced magnetrons in reactive sputtering ( S. Kadlec, J. Musil and W. -D. Munz in J. Vac . Sci . Techn . A8 (3 ) , (1990) , 1318.
  • Conventional cutting tool materials like cemented carbides consist of at least one hard metallic compound and a binder, usually cobalt (Co) , where the grain size of the hard compound, e.g. tungsten carbide (WC) , is in the 1-5 ⁇ m range.
  • Co cobalt
  • Recent developments have predicted improved tool properties in wear resistance, impact strength, hot hardness by applying tool materials based on ultrafine microstructures by using nanostructured WC-Co powders as raw materials ( L . E. McCandlish, B . H. Kear and B . K. Kim, in Nano STRUCTURED Materials VOL . 1 pp . 119-124 , 1992 ) .
  • nanocomposite nitride or carbide hard coating materials it is understood a multilayered coating where the thickness of each individual nitride (or carbide) layer is in the nanometer range, 3-100 nm or preferably 3- 20 nm. Since a certain periodicity or repeat period of, e.g., a metal nitride layer sequence is invoked, these nanoscaled, multilayer coatings have been given the generic name of "superlattice" layers. With repeat period is meant the thickness of two adjacent metalnitride layers, i.e., with different metal element in the sublayers.
  • Several of the metal nitride superlattice coatings with the metal element selected from Ti, Nb, V and Ta, grown on both single- and polycrystalline substrates have shown an enhanced hardness for a particular repeat period usually in the range 3-10 nm.
  • a cutting tool comprising a body of a hard alloy of cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics or high speed steel, onto which a wear resistant, multilayered coating has been deposited.
  • the coated tool comprises a substrate of sintered cemented carbide or a cermet, preferably of at least one metal carbide in a metal binder phase, or a ceramic body.
  • the substrate may also comprise a high speed steel alloy.
  • Said substrate may also be pre- coated with a thin single- or multilayer of TiN, TiC, TiCN or TiAIN with a thickness in the micrometer range according to prior art.
  • the coated cutting tool according to the present invention exhibits improved wear resistance and toughness properties compared to prior art tools when used for machining steel or cast iron and, in particular, stainless steel.
  • Said coating which is adherently bonded to the substrate, comprises a laminar, multilayered struc - ture of metal nitrides or carbides, preferably of binary polycrystalline nitrides, having a thickness of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ , preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ , most preferably 2 to 6 ⁇ m.
  • the binary, multilayered coating structure see Fig.
  • MX/NX/MX/NX/ the alternating layers MX and NX comprise metalnitrides or metalcarbides with the metal elements M and N selected from titanium (Ti) , niobium (Nb) , hafnium (Hf ) , vanadium (V) , tantalum (Ta) , molybdenum (Mo) , zirconium (Zr) , chromium (Cr) , aluminum (Al) or tungsten (W) and mixtures thereof, and in said coating there is no repeat period.
  • the sequence of individual MX and NX layers have thicknesses that are aperiodic essentially throughout the entire multilayer structure.
  • the minimum individual layer thickness is larger than 0.1 nm but smaller than 30 nm, preferably larger than 1 nm but smaller than 20 nm, most preferably larger than 2 nm but smaller than 15 nm.
  • the thickness of one individual layer does not depend on the thickness of an individual layer immediately beneath, nor does it bear any relation to an individual layer above said one individual layer.
  • the laminar coatings above exhibit a columnar growth mode with no or very little porosity at the grain boundaries .
  • the coatings also possess a substantial waviness in the sublayers which originates from the substrate surface roughness.
  • High magnification cross section transmission electron microscopy indicates an aperiodic structure, i.e., the sequence of layer thicknesses does not repeat itself, having relatively sharp interfaces between any two subsequent individual layers .
  • TEM transmission electron microscopy
  • the first observation, enhanced hardness in the coating, results in an increased abrasive wear resistance of the cutting edge while the second observation of numerically less intrinsic stress in the coating, provides an increased capability of absorbing stresses exerted on the cutting edge during a machining operation.
  • the laminar, nanostructured coatings can be deposited on a cemented carbide, cermet, ceramic or high speed steel substrate either by CVD or PVD techniques, preferentially by PVD techniques, by successively forming individual sublayers by vapour deposition in a vacuum chamber.
  • the aperiodic sequence of individual layer thicknesses can be fabricated by randomly open and close shutters from individual layer sources, or by randomly switching said sources on and off.
  • Electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering or cathodic arc deposition or combinations thereof, are the preferred PVD methods for depositing the nanostructured coatings.
  • Aperiodic multilayers were deposited by reactive PVD- magnetron sputtering on thread-forming turning inserts made of cemented carbide (WC-10w%Co) .
  • the two sputtering sources consisted of pure Ti and TiAl alloy, respectively, and sputtering was performed in an Ar/N2 gas mixture.
  • Cross section transmission electron microscopy investigation revealed that the individual nitride layer thicknesses ranged from 2 to 15 nm, and the total number of layers exceeded 400.
  • flank wear resistance effectively the tool service life, was improved markedly compared to both TiN and TiAIN single layer coatings having the same total thicknesses as the multilayer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
PCT/SE1998/000705 1997-04-18 1998-04-17 Multilayered coated cutting tool Ceased WO1998048072A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98917915A EP0983393B1 (en) 1997-04-18 1998-04-17 Multilayered coated cutting tool
DE69819713T DE69819713T2 (de) 1997-04-18 1998-04-17 Mehrfach beschichtetes schneidwerkzeug
JP54559098A JP2001521447A (ja) 1997-04-18 1998-04-17 多層被覆切削工具
AT98917915T ATE254191T1 (de) 1997-04-18 1998-04-17 Mehrfach beschichtetes schneidwerkzeug
IL13196598A IL131965A (en) 1997-04-18 1998-04-17 Multilayered coated cutting tool

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9701494-8 1997-04-18
SE9701494A SE518145C2 (sv) 1997-04-18 1997-04-18 Multiskiktbelagt skärverktyg

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998048072A1 true WO1998048072A1 (en) 1998-10-29

Family

ID=20406666

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1998/000705 Ceased WO1998048072A1 (en) 1997-04-18 1998-04-17 Multilayered coated cutting tool

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6103357A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0983393B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2001521447A (enExample)
AT (1) ATE254191T1 (enExample)
DE (1) DE69819713T2 (enExample)
IL (1) IL131965A (enExample)
SE (1) SE518145C2 (enExample)
WO (1) WO1998048072A1 (enExample)

Cited By (12)

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WO2001077408A1 (de) * 2000-04-06 2001-10-18 Widia Gmbh Mit multilagen-schichten beschichteter substratkörper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
EP1038989A3 (en) * 1999-03-26 2002-06-26 Sandvik Aktiebolag Coated milling insert
EP1222316B1 (en) * 1999-09-06 2004-06-16 Sandvik AB (publ) Coated cemented carbide insert
EP1454999A1 (de) * 2002-12-03 2004-09-08 HARTEC GESELLSCHAFT FUR HARTSTOFFE UND DUNNSCHICHTTECHNIK MBH & CO. KG Werkstoff oder Bauteil mit einer Metallbeschichtung
EP1795628A1 (en) * 2005-12-08 2007-06-13 Sandvik Intellectual Property AB Insert for milling of steel
EP1939328A1 (en) * 2006-12-27 2008-07-02 Sandvik Intellectual Property AB Multilayered coated cutting tool
US7521132B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2009-04-21 Ceratizit Austria Gesellschaft M.B.H. Coated tool
US8043035B2 (en) 2006-09-06 2011-10-25 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Coated drill and method of making the same
KR101461230B1 (ko) 2006-12-15 2014-11-12 산드빅 인터렉츄얼 프로퍼티 에이비 코팅된 절삭 공구
EP2247772A4 (en) * 2008-02-21 2015-07-29 Seco Tools Ab MULTILAYER COATED TOOL FOR CUTTING TOOL
EP4198169A1 (en) * 2021-12-14 2023-06-21 CERATIZIT Austria Gesellschaft m.b.H. Cutting tool

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US8455116B2 (en) * 2007-06-01 2013-06-04 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Coated cemented carbide cutting tool insert
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US20090074522A1 (en) * 2007-09-17 2009-03-19 Northwestern University Reduced-friction coatings
US7947363B2 (en) * 2007-12-14 2011-05-24 Kennametal Inc. Coated article with nanolayered coating scheme
EP2098611B1 (en) 2008-03-07 2013-02-13 Seco Tools AB Layered coated cutting tool
JP5217638B2 (ja) * 2008-05-30 2013-06-19 株式会社ニコン 摺動部材及びその製造方法、カメラボディ、カメラ用交換レンズ
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RU2478138C1 (ru) * 2011-12-02 2013-03-27 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский технологический университет "МИСиС" Способ вакуумного ионно-плазменного нанесения многослойного износостойкого покрытия для режущего инструмента
JP5783462B2 (ja) * 2011-12-09 2015-09-24 三菱マテリアル株式会社 表面被覆切削工具
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JP2001521447A (ja) 2001-11-06
US6103357A (en) 2000-08-15
IL131965A (en) 2003-07-31
SE9701494L (sv) 1999-02-19
EP0983393B1 (en) 2003-11-12
IL131965A0 (en) 2001-03-19
DE69819713D1 (de) 2003-12-18
EP0983393A1 (en) 2000-03-08
SE9701494D0 (sv) 1997-04-18
SE518145C2 (sv) 2002-09-03
ATE254191T1 (de) 2003-11-15
DE69819713T2 (de) 2004-04-15

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