WO1998024837A1 - Flammwidrige thermoplastische formmassen - Google Patents
Flammwidrige thermoplastische formmassen Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998024837A1 WO1998024837A1 PCT/EP1997/006421 EP9706421W WO9824837A1 WO 1998024837 A1 WO1998024837 A1 WO 1998024837A1 EP 9706421 W EP9706421 W EP 9706421W WO 9824837 A1 WO9824837 A1 WO 9824837A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/5399—Phosphorus bound to nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/04—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to rubbers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to flame-retardant thermoplastic molding compositions containing
- R represents an alkyl radical with 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom and R 1 represents an alkyl radical with 1 to 8 carbon atoms and n has the value 0, 1, 2 or 3 or methyl methacrylate or mixtures thereof and
- thermoplastic copolymer C) 1 to 97% by weight of at least one thermoplastic copolymer
- ci 50 to 95 wt .-% vinyl aromatic monomers of the general formula ⁇ or methyl methacrylate or mixtures thereof and c 2 ) 5 to 50% by weight of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride or mixtures thereof,
- the present invention relates to the use of these molding compositions for the production of moldings, films or fibers and to the moldings, films or fibers themselves. Preferred embodiments can be found in the subclaims and in the description.
- thermoplastic molding compositions are processed in a variety of ways to give molded parts with a wide range of uses. By mixing different polymer components, polymer blends can often be obtained that are easier to process and show optimized product properties. For numerous applications of molded articles made of thermoplastic molding compositions, meanwhile it is also required that they exhibit a pronounced flame-retardant behavior in the event of a fire and do not tend to drip when burning.
- the flame resistance can be tested, for example, using the UL 94 method (described, for example, in J. Troitzsch, "International Plastics Flammability Handbook", p. 346 ff., Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff, 1990), which is frequently used in the field of electrical engineering .
- Flame retardants based on phosphorus or organophosphorus compounds are well known as a constituent of polymer molding compositions, but often lead to impairment of the heat resistance.
- the invention was accordingly based on the object of flame-retardant, optionally halogen-free, thermoplastic molding compositions based on polycarbonates, polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, polymethacrylates or mixtures of the aforementioned thermoplastic polymers. to provide merisates which no longer tend to drip burning due to the addition of an effective amount of flame retardant, this addition not adversely affecting the original physical and chemical properties of the molding compositions.
- the flame-retardant thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention preferably contain the
- the sum of the% by weight of the individual components is 100.
- the molding compositions according to the invention contain in an amount of 1 to 97, preferably 3 to 92.9% by weight, based on the sum of components A to E, at least one polycarbonate, one polyamide, one polyester, one polyolefin or a polymethacrylate or a mixture of the said thermoplastic polymers.
- One or more polycarbonates are preferably used as component A).
- Suitable polycarbonates are well known. Their manufacture and properties are e.g. described in the plastic manual 3/1 "Technical thermoplastics, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyester, cellulose esters", ed. L. Bottenbruch, Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff, 1992, pp. 117-299.
- Suitable polycarbonates are, for example, those based on diphenols of the general formula ⁇
- a ' is a single bond, a Ci to C 3 alkylene, a C 2 to C 3 alkylidene, a C to Cß cycloalkylidene group, and -S- or -S0 2 - means.
- Preferred diphenols of the formula ⁇ are, for example, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A), 2,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 1, 1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane.
- Other preferred diphenols are hydroquinone or resorcinol.
- 2,2-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2,3,5 are particularly preferred -trimethylcyclohexane and 1, 1-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane.
- both homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates are suitable as component A); in addition to the bisphenol A homopolymer, the copolycarbonates of bisphenol A are preferred.
- the suitable polycarbonates can be branched in a known manner, preferably by incorporating 0.05 to 2.0 mol%, based on the sum of the diphenols used, of at least trifunctional compounds, for example those having three or more than three phenolic compounds OH groups.
- the diphenols of the general formula ⁇ are known per se or can be prepared by known processes.
- the polycarbonates can be prepared, for example, by reacting the diphenols with phosgene by the interfacial process or with phosgene by the process in a homogeneous phase (the so-called pyridine process), the molecular weight to be set in each case being achieved in a known manner by an appropriate amount of known chain terminators. (Regarding polydiorganosiloxane-containing polycarbonates, see for example DE-OS 33 34 782.)
- Suitable chain terminators are, for example, phenol, pt-butylphenol but also long-chain alkylphenols, such as 4- (1,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol, according to DE-OS 28 42 005 or monoalkylphenols or dialkylphenols with a total of 8 to 20 ° C.
- halogen-free polycarbonates are used.
- Halogen-free polycarbonates in the sense of the present invention means that the polycarbonates are composed of halogen-free diphenols, halogen-free chain terminators and optionally halogen-free branching agents, the content of minor ppm amounts of saponifiable chlorine resulting, for example, from the production of the polycarbonates with phosgene by the phase interface process. is not to be regarded as containing halogen in the sense of the invention.
- Such polycarbonates with ppm contents of saponifiable chlorine are halogen-free polycarbonates in the sense of the present invention.
- Suitable polyamides are known per se. Polyamides which have an aliphatic partially crystalline or partially aromatic and amorphous structure are preferably used in general. Likewise, polyamide blends can be used, such as those available under the trade name Ultramid ® (BASF AG).
- Suitable polyesters are also known per se and are described in the literature (Kunststoff-Handbuch 3/1 "Engineering thermoplastics, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyesters, cellulose esters", ed. L. Bottenbruch, Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff, 1992, p. 7 - 115). They are generally derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, the aromatic structure e.g. also with halogen, such as chlorine or bromine, or with straight-chain or branched alkyl groups, preferably C 1 ⁇ to C -, can be substituted.
- halogen such as chlorine or bromine
- Preferred dicarboxylic acids are naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid or dicarboxylic acids, which to a certain extent (up to 10 mol%) can be replaced by aliphatic or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids.
- a particularly suitable polymer component is e.g. Called polybutylene terephthalate.
- the viscosity number of the polyesters is generally in the range from 60 to 200 ml / g (measured in a 0.5% strength by weight solution in a phenol / o-dichlorobenzene mixture (weight ratio 1: 1 at 25 ° C.) ).
- Polyolefins are very generally polyethylene and polypropylene and copolymers based on ethylene or propylene, if appropriate also with higher ⁇ -olefins. Corresponding products are available under the names Lupolen ® and Novolen ® (BASF AG). Polymethacrylates include in particular polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and the copolymers based on methyl methacrylate with up to 40% by weight of further copolymerizable monomer. Such polymer materials are sold under the brands Fabricyl® ® (BASF AG) or Plexiglas ® (Rohm GmbH). If necessary, adhesion promoters can be used for compatibility problems with the components mentioned under A).
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- Plexiglas ® Plexiglas ®
- the molding compositions according to the invention contain as component B) from 1 to 97, preferably from 2 to 91.9% by weight, based on the sum of components A to E, of at least one graft polymer composed of
- graft base made of a rubber-elastic polymer with a glass transition temperature of below 0 ° C.
- b 2 20 to 60% by weight, preferably from 30 to 50% by weight, based on the graft polymer, of a graft pad
- Polymers whose glass transition temperature is below 0 ° C., preferably below -20 ° C., are suitable for the graft base bi. These are e.g. Natural rubber, synthetic rubber based on conjugated dienes, if desired with other copolymers, and elastomers based on C 1 -C 8 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid, which can also contain other comonomers.
- Preferred polybutadiene cf. DE-A 14 20 775 and DE-A 14 95 089
- copolymers of polybutadiene and styrene cf. GB-A 649 166 are preferred graft bases.
- Graft bases i which are constructed from are also preferred bu) 70 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 70 to 80% by weight, based on the graft base, of at least one alkyl acrylate having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, preferably n-butyl acrylate and / or 2 Ethyl hexyl acrylate, especially n-butyl acrylate as the sole alkyl acrylate,
- Suitable such bi- or polyfunctional crosslinking monomers ⁇ 3 are monomers which preferably contain two, optionally also three or more, ethylenic double bonds which are capable of copolymerization and which are not conjugated in the 1,3 positions.
- Suitable crosslinking monomers are, for example, divinylbenzene, diallyl malea, diallyl fumarate, diallyl phthalate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate or triallyl isocyanurate.
- the acrylic acid ester of tricyclodecenyl alcohol has proven to be a particularly favorable crosslinking monomer (cf. DE-A 12 60 135).
- graft pads b 2 preference is given to those in which b 2 denotes styrene or ⁇ -methylstyrene. Styrene and acrylonitrile, ⁇ -methylstyrene and acrylonitrile, styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate, styrene and maleic anhydride are used as preferred monomer mixtures.
- the graft pads can be obtained by copolymerization of components b 2 ⁇ and t> 22-.
- the graft polymer B) contains a graft base bi which is composed of polybutadiene, one speaks of ABS rubbers.
- the graft copolymerization can be carried out in solution, suspension or preferably in emulsion.
- the soft phase of the graft copolymer shows in the preferred production of the ABS rubber and the grafting in emulsion, an average particle diameter (dso value of the integral mass distribution) from 50 to 180 nm.
- the dso value can be set in the range from 200 to 500 nm by enlarging the particles, for example by agglomeration or when the emulsion is obtained by means of the seed latex method.
- the polymerizing monomers are at least partially chemically linked to the already polymerized rubber, the link probably occurring at the double bonds contained in the rubber. At least some of the monomers are thus grafted onto the rubber, that is to say bound to the rubber thread molecules by covalent bonds.
- the grafting can also be carried out in several stages by first grafting on part of the monomers forming the graft shell and then the rest.
- ASA rubbers If the graft base bi of the graft polymers B is composed of the components bn, if appropriate b ⁇ 2 and b ⁇ 3 , this is referred to as ASA rubbers. Their manufacture is known per se and is described, for example, in DE-A 28 26 925, DE-A 31 49 358 and DE-A 34 14 118.
- the graft polymer B) can be prepared, for example, by the method described in DE-PS 12 60 135.
- the graft layers of the graft polymer can be built up in one or two stages.
- the first stage In the case of a two-stage structure of the graft b 2 , the first stage generally makes up from 20 to 70% by weight, preferably from 25 to 50% by weight, based on b 2 .
- the first stage For their preparation, preferably only monoethylenically unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons b 2 ⁇ are used.
- the second stage of the graft pads generally makes up 30 to 80% by weight, in particular 50 to 75% by weight, based in each case on b 2 .
- mixtures of the monoethylenically unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons b 2 and monoethylenically unsaturated monomers b 22 mentioned are Ratio b ⁇ / b 22 of generally 90:10 to 60:40, in particular 80:20 to 70:30 applied.
- the conditions of the graft copolymerization are preferably chosen so that particle sizes of 50 to 700 nm (dso value of the integral mass distribution) result. Measures for this are known and e.g. described in DE-OS 28 26 925.
- a coarse-particle rubber dispersion can be produced directly using the seed latex process.
- the particles of the rubber are kneaded in a known manner, e.g. by agglomeration, enlarged so that the latex is bimodal (50 to 180 nm and 200 to 700 nm).
- a mixture of two graft polymers with particle diameters (dso value of the integral mass distribution) of 50 to 180 nm or 200 to 700 nm in a weight ratio of 70:30 to 30:70 is used.
- the chemical structure of the two graft polymers is preferably the same, although the shell of the coarse-particle graft polymer can in particular also be constructed in two stages.
- the molding compositions according to the invention contain as component C) from 1 to 97, preferably from 1 to 90.9% by weight, based on the sum of components A to E, of at least one copolymer
- ci 50 to 95 wt .-%, preferably from 60 to 80 wt .-%, based on ci and c 2 , vinyl aromatic monomers of the general formula ⁇ or methyl methacrylate or mixtures thereof and
- the copolymers C) are halogen-free, thermoplastic and rubber-free.
- Particularly preferred copolymers C) are those made from styrene and acrylonitrile and optionally with methyl methacrylate, from ⁇ -methylstyrene with acrylonitrile and optionally with methyl methacrylate or from styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene with acrylonitrile and optionally with Methyl methacrylate and from styrene and maleic anhydride.
- Several of the copolymers described can also be used simultaneously.
- copolymers C) are known per se and can be prepared by radical polymerization, in particular by emulsion, suspension, solution or bulk polymerization. They have average molecular weights M w (weight average) of up to 400,000 g / mol. Preferred copolymers C have average molecular weights M w in the range from 50,000 to 380,000, in particular from 70,000 to 370,000 g / mol.
- the molding compositions according to the invention contain flame retardants (component D) which consist exclusively or essentially of iminophosphoranes ( ⁇ 5 -phosphazenes). These flame retardants are present in the thermoplastic polymer molding compositions in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight, preferably in an amount of 4 to 20% by weight. Flame retardants which do not consist exclusively of iminophosphoranes are preferred. Fundamentally suitable are iminophosphoranes which belong to the general formulas
- X is hydrogen; a straight-chain or branched C ⁇ ⁇ to C 2 o- 'preferably C 3 - to Ci 2 alkyl, such as propyl, butyl, pentyl in straight-chain and branched form; Aryl, preferably unsubstituted or aromatic-aliphatic-substituted C ⁇ - to C 2 o ⁇ aryls, especially phenyl; Heteroaryl; an aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid group; a cyan group; Trialkylsilyl; represents a P (0) R 2 or P (S) R 2 group or an amine group,
- Y is an n-valent organic radical, which is C 1 -C 1 -C ⁇ , preferably C 2 -C-straight or branched alkylene units, dendrimers, aliphatic carbocycles, the rings consisting of 3 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally alkyl-substituted aromatic Intermediate links can include, the open-chain and cyclic alkylene units in the alkyl part one or more times, in any combination, with nitrogen, C (0) -R, ether, thioether, S0 2 radicals, aliphatic -, aromatic heterocycles or a cyan or isocyanate group may be substituted; Aryl; Heteroaryl, preferably heteroaromatic with
- 2, 6-disubstitution derived, for example, from pyridine, 4-phenyl- and 4-methyl-1,3,5-triazine; an aromatic mono- or Polysulfonic acid group; Amide derivatives of phosphoric, phosphoric or thiophosphoric acid; Amide derivatives of monoalkyl and monoarylphosphonic acid, monoalkyl and monoarylthiophosphonic acid and mixed-substituted compounds;
- Phenyl phenyl with a methyl group in 2-, 3- and 4-position, phenyl with two methyl groups in 2,6-, 2,5-, 2,4-, 2,3-, 3,5- and 3 , 4-position, or heteroaryl and
- n denotes integers between 2 and 1000, preferably between 2 and 10.
- Iminophosphoranes of the formulas (I) and (II) can in each case individually or in combination form the constituent D) of the thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention, in the latter case the constituents Z of (I) and (II) need not be identical. In principle, mixtures of the compounds falling under the respective formula can be used.
- Aryl generally includes C ⁇ to C o ⁇ aryl compounds such as phenyl and naphthyl; Alkylaryl compounds, such as C 1 -C 6 -alkyl-substituted phenyl, the substituents being methyl, ethyl, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene; aryl substituted with aromatic radicals, for example biphenyl; mixed aromatic-aliphatic substituted aryl, such as alkyl substituted
- Suitable heteroaryl radicals are very generally C 3 to C 20 compounds which preferably contain 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms per ring, for example pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, quinoxalinyl; alkyl-substituted heteroaryl compounds, such as Ci to C ⁇ - alkyl-substituted pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, quinoxalinyl, where the alkyl substituents can be methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and cyclohexyl and multiple substitution is not excluded; aromatic heteroaryl such as phenyltriazinyl; mixed aromatic-aliphatic substituted heteroaryl, preferably a phenyl radical with a methyl group in the 2-, 3- or 4-position or a phenyl radical with two methyl groups in 2,6-, 2,5-, 2,4-
- Substituents bonded to the Z radical via the sulfur can be used as aliphatic sulfonic acid groups, the aliphatic radical preferably being branched or straight-chain C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, for example methyl.
- Aromatic sulfonic acid groups which may be used are, for example, substituents bonded to the Z radical via the sulfur, the aromatic radical being able to use the substitution options listed above for aryl.
- the trimethylsilyl group for example, is suitable as the trialkylsilyl radical.
- P (0) R 2 - and P (S) R 2 group includes RC x - to -C 2 alkyl, aryl, O-Ci to -C 2 alkyl, O-aryl, S-Ci to -C ⁇ 2 alkyl and S-aryl.
- Suitable amine radicals are secondary or tertiary amines substituted by C 1 to C 2 alkyl or phenyl, and hydrazine derivatives.
- Suitable mixed substituted compounds Y are, for example, substituted aromatic sulfonic acids (HN-Ar-S0-NH 2 ), sulfonated heterocycles, binuclear or polynuclear heterocycles with amino substitution in the non-heterocyclic ring.
- Z, for n ⁇ 1, can denote identical or different substituents.
- Iminophosphoranes of the general formula (III) derived from carboxamides are also suitable as flame retardants D)
- Preferred flame retardants D) are mixtures which essentially contain the iminophosphoranes described and, in addition, known flame retardants or anti-dripping agents.
- the proportion of iminophosphoranes, based on D) is generally in the range up to 70% by weight, preferably in the range up to 80% by weight and in particular in the range up to 90% by weight.
- Known flame retardants include, for example, the systems described in the introduction as prior art and mixtures thereof, and also the phosphorus compounds disclosed in German patent application 196 326 75.3.
- Inorganic flame retardants based on hydroxides or carbonates, in particular magnesium, inorganic and organic boron compounds such as boric acid, sodium borate, boron oxide, sodium tetraphenyl borate and tribenzyl borate as well as nitrogen-containing flame retardants such as melamine cyanurate and ammonium polyphosphate and melamine phosphate are also suitable.
- the iminophosphoranes described can also be used in a mixture with halogen-containing flame retardants or anti-dripping agents in the plastic molding compositions described. So z. B. Teflon, whose effect as an anti-drip agent includes is known from US Pat. No. 4,107,232, can be used in addition to iminophosphoranes.
- Iminophosphoranes can also be prepared using phosphorus dihalides, such as triphenylphosphine dibromide or triphenylphosphine dichloride, if appropriate in the presence of auxiliary bases (cf. Molina et al. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 997-1018).
- auxiliary bases cf. Molina et al. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 997-1018.
- the synthesis of iminophosphoranes from primary amines using trisubstituted phosphine and chlorine or bromine is described in DE 167 02 96.
- Another approach was developed by Katritzky et al. by base treatment of 1- [ ⁇ - (phosphorus anylidenamino) alkyl] benzotriazoles (J.Org.Chem. 1994, 59, p. 2740).
- Iminophosphoranes are usually very reactive and therefore react with most reactants even under very mild conditions, which among other things. also explains the sensitivity to moisture.
- the iminophosphoranes listed here with the exception of compounds of the general formula (III), are distinguished by the fact that they are neither sensitive to moisture or aqueous media nor to heat. Rather, it is possible to incorporate the iminophosphoranes mentioned into the polymeric molding compositions under a relatively high thermal load.
- the molding compositions according to the invention can contain, as component E), from 0 to 50% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 45% by weight, based on the sum of components A to E, of additives.
- additives are understood to mean fibrous or particulate fillers, processing aids, stabilizers or antistatic agents.
- the additives which are suitable according to the invention are preferably halogen-free.
- the processing aids and stabilizers are generally used in amounts of 0.01 to 5% by weight, while reinforcing agents are generally used in amounts of 5 to 40% by weight, based in each case on the sum of components A to E.
- Carbon or glass fibers are particularly preferred as component E).
- the glass fibers used can be made of E, A or C glass and are preferably with a size, e.g. based on epoxy resin and an adhesion promoter, based on functionalized silanes. Their diameter is generally between 6 and 20 ⁇ m. Both continuous fibers (rovings) and chopped glass fibers with a length of 1 to 10 mm, preferably 3 to 6 mm, can be used.
- Fillers or reinforcing materials such as glass spheres, mineral fibers, whiskers, aluminum oxide fibers, mica, quartz powder or wollastonite can also be added.
- metal flakes metal powder, metal fibers, metal-coated fillers (eg nickel-coated glass fibers) and other additives that shield electromagnetic waves are mentioned.
- metal-coated fillers eg nickel-coated glass fibers
- Aluminum flakes into consideration; further mixing this mass with additional carbon fibers, carbon black or nickel-coated carbon fibers.
- the molding compositions according to the invention may also contain further additives which are typical and useful for polycarbonates, SAN polymers and graft copolymers based on ASA or ABS or mixtures thereof.
- additives are: dyes, pigments, antistatic agents, antioxidants and in particular the lubricants which are used for the further processing of the molding compositions, e.g. are required in the production of molded bodies or molded parts.
- Preferred lubricants include ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers, high molecular weight multicomponent esters and polyethylene waxes.
- carbon blacks or titanium dioxide can be used as pigments.
- the average particle size is generally in the range from about 50 to 400 nm, in particular from about 150 to 240 nm.
- Rutiles and anatase are used industrially, optionally with metal oxides, for example aluminum oxides, silicon oxides, oxides of Zn or Siloxanes are coated.
- Carbon blacks are to be understood as meaning microcrystalline, finely divided carbons (cf. plastic dictionary, 7th edition 1980).
- furnace blacks acetylene blacks, gas blacks and the thermal blacks obtainable by thermal production may be mentioned as suitable.
- the particle sizes are preferably in the range from approximately 0.01 to 0.1 ⁇ m and the surfaces in the range from approximately 10 2 to 10 4 m 2 / g (BET / ASTM D 3037) with DBP absorptions of approximately 10 2 to 10 3 ml / 100 g (ASTM D 2414).
- thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention are produced by mixing the components. It can be advantageous to premix individual components. Mixing the components in solution and removing the solvent is also possible.
- Suitable organic solvents for components A to D and the soluble additives in group E are, for example, chlorobenzene, mixtures of chlorobenzene and methylene chloride or Ge see from chlorobenzene and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene.
- the solvent mixtures can be evaporated, for example, in evaporation extruders.
- Dry components A, B, C, D and optionally E can be made using a wide variety of methods. However, components A, B, C, D and optionally E are preferably mixed at temperatures from 200 to 320 ° C. by extruding, kneading or rolling the components together, the components if necessary beforehand from the solution obtained in the polymerization or from the aqueous dispersion have been isolated.
- Component D can also e.g. be introduced as powder or in the form of an aqueous solution directly into the melt of components A, B, C and optionally E.
- the water is removed from the mixing device, preferably an extruder, via a degassing unit.
- Component D is preferably introduced into the melt of component C.
- tumble mixers or agitator mixers can also be mentioned, for example.
- Suitable units for melt compounding are, for example, discontinuous, heated internal kneaders with or without a ram, continuously working internal kneaders, screw kneaders with axially oscillating screws. Twin-shaft extruders and mixing mills with heated rollers.
- Single or twin-screw extruders are particularly suitable for melt extrusion.
- thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention can be processed by the known methods of thermoplastic processing, e.g. by extrusion, injection molding, calendering, blow molding, pressing or sintering. They can also be used for the production of films and semi-finished products in the deep-drawing and blowing process.
- the molding compositions according to the invention can be obtained essentially halogen-free.
- a VO classification according to the test according to UL 94 is achieved. Burning dripping occurs only to a very limited extent or no longer occurs. Extended fire times are also not observed.
- the addition of iminophosphoranes does not affect the heat resistance of the molding compositions described. These can therefore be processed thermoplastically and have good mechanical properties.
- the thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention are suitable for producing moldings, films or fibers.
- the mean particle size and the particle size distribution were determined from the integral mass distribution.
- the mean particle sizes are in all cases the weight average of the particle sizes, as determined with the aid of an analytical ultracentrifuge according to the method of W. Scholtan and H. Lange, Kolloid-Z. and Z. Polymers 250 (1972), pages 782 to 796.
- the ultracentrifuge measurement provides the integral mass distribution of the particle diameter of a sample. From this it can be seen what percentage by weight of the particles have a diameter equal to or smaller than certain sizes.
- the average particle diameter which is also referred to as d ⁇ o value of the integral mass distribution, is defined as the particle diameter at which 50 wt .-% of the particles have a diameter smaller than the diameter of which corresponds to the d 5 o ⁇ value. Likewise, 50% by weight of the particles then have a larger diameter than the dso value.
- the dso value average particle diameter
- the dio or dgo value of the integral mass distribution is defined in accordance with the dso value with the difference that they are based on 10 or 90% by weight of the particles.
- the quotient Q (dgo - dio) / dso represents a measure of the distribution width of the particle size.
- the average molecular weights were each determined by gel permeation chromatography against a polystyrene calibration curve.
- ß ⁇ 2 150 g of the polybutyl acrylate latex obtained according to ßn) were mixed with 40 g of a mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile (weight ratio 75:25) and 60 g of water and with stirring after the addition of a further 0.03 g of potassium persulfate and 0.05 g Lauroyl peroxide heated to 65 ° C for 4 hours. After the graft copolymerization had ended, the polymerization product was precipitated from the dispersion by means of calcium chloride solution at 95 ° C., washed with water and dried in a warm air stream. The degree of grafting of the graft polymer B1 was 35% and the particle size was 91 nm.
- a coarse-particle graft polymer that was produced as follows:
- ß 22 150 g of the latex prepared according to ß 2 ⁇ ) were mixed with 20 g of styrene and 60 g of water and heated with stirring after the addition of a further 0.03 g of potassium persulfate and 0.05 g of lauroyl peroxide at 65 ° C.
- the dispersion obtained in this graft copolymerization was then polymerized with 20 g of a mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile in a weight ratio of 75:25 for a further 4 hours.
- the reaction product was then precipitated from the dispersion using a calcium chloride solution at 95 ° C., separated off, washed with water and dried in a warm air stream.
- the degree of grafting of the graft polymer B2 was determined to be 35%; the average particle size of the latex particles was 510 nm.
- the average molecular weight M w was 157,000 g / mol.
- the salt which precipitated on cooling to room temperature was filtered off with suction, washed with 15 ml of chlorobenzene and 50 ml of toluene and dried in air.
- the dry product was in a 500 l four-necked flask equipped with a blade stirrer, reflux condenser and internal temperature measurement, in 100 ml of isobutanol and 100 ml
- the salt-like product was obtained as a residue insoluble in chlorobenzene and was isolated by filtration and washed with 200 ml of chlorobenzene and in portions with a total of 1 liter of petroleum ether.
- 231 g (0.46 mol) of the dry product were dissolved in 1.1 l of methanol in a 2 1 double-jacketed vessel provided with a glass stirrer, reflux condenser, thermal probe and dropping funnel, and 164 g (0.91 mol) of a 30% sodium methylate solution in methanol. After stirring for 30 minutes, the solution, likewise with stirring, was placed in 5.5 l of water (10 l beaker). The mixture was stirred for 10 min, the precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo. 142.1 g of a colorless powder were obtained.
- the respective components were mixed in a twin-screw extruder (ZSK 30 from Werner & Pfleiderer) at 250 ° C., discharged as a strand, cooled and granulated.
- the dried granulate was processed at 250 ° C into standard letters, ISO test specimens and flat bars for the UL 94 test.
- the damage work "W” was determined in accordance with DIN 53 443. For this purpose, round disks were pierced at a speed of 4.6 m / s. The damage work was determined from the force-displacement diagram. The average of 5 individual measurements is given.
- the heat resistance of the samples was determined using the Vicat B softening temperature.
- the Vicat B softening temperature was determined according to DIN 53 460, with a force of 49.05 N and a temperature increase of 50 K per hour, on standard small letters.
- the relevant fire classes were classified according to UL-94 according to the following criteria:
- the following criteria must be met in order to classify a flame-retardant thermoplastic in fire class VO: With a set of 5 samples with dimensions of 127 * 12.7 * 1.6 mm, all samples may be flamed after a period of 10 seconds after being flamed twice Do not burn an open flame (height 19 mm) for longer than 10 seconds. The sum of the afterburning times with 10 flame treatments of 5 samples must not be greater than 50 see. There must be no burning dripping, complete burning or afterglow for longer than 30 seconds. Classification VI requires that the afterburn times are not longer than 30 seconds and that the sum of the afterburn times of 10 flame treatments of 5 samples is not greater than 250 seconds. The afterglow must not last longer than 250 seconds. The other criteria are identical to those mentioned above. The fire class V2 is classified if there is a burning drip if the other criteria of the Vl classification are met.
- thermoplastic molding compositions The compositions and properties of the thermoplastic molding compositions can be found in Table 1.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP52512098A JP2001505243A (ja) | 1996-12-05 | 1997-11-18 | 難燃性熱可塑性成形用組成物 |
EP97951910A EP0942948A1 (de) | 1996-12-05 | 1997-11-18 | Flammwidrige thermoplastische formmassen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1996150563 DE19650563A1 (de) | 1996-12-05 | 1996-12-05 | Flammwidrige thermoplastische Formmassen |
DE19650563.1 | 1996-12-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1998024837A1 true WO1998024837A1 (de) | 1998-06-11 |
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ID=7813776
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP1997/006421 WO1998024837A1 (de) | 1996-12-05 | 1997-11-18 | Flammwidrige thermoplastische formmassen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0942948A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2001505243A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1239974A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19650563A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998024837A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000066661A1 (de) * | 1999-05-04 | 2000-11-09 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Mischungen, enthaltend stabilisatoren und iminophosphorane |
WO2013174791A1 (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-11-28 | Basf Se | Phosphinyliminophosphoranes as flame retardants |
US11279816B2 (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2022-03-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Flame retardants derived from biobased dicarboxylic acids |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19828539A1 (de) * | 1998-06-26 | 1999-12-30 | Bayer Ag | Flammwidrige Formmassen enthaltend Polycarbonat und Pfropfpolymerisate |
WO2003002665A1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2003-01-09 | Polyplastics Co., Ltd. | Flame-retardant resin composition |
EP1511625B2 (de) | 2002-06-07 | 2012-03-14 | KS Gleitlager GmbH | Gleitlagerverbundwerkstoff |
DE10225783A1 (de) * | 2002-06-07 | 2003-12-24 | Ks Gleitlager Gmbh | Gleitlagerverbundwerkstoff |
DE10241375A1 (de) | 2002-09-06 | 2004-03-18 | Clariant Gmbh | Granulare Flammschutzmittelzusammensetzung |
JP5056601B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-10 | 2012-10-24 | 日立電線株式会社 | ノンハロゲン難燃性熱可塑性エラストマ樹脂組成物及びその製造方法並びにこれを用いた電線・ケーブル |
US20100168317A1 (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-07-01 | Cahoon-Brister Kristen | Poly(butylene terephthalate) compositions, methods of manufacture, and articles thereof |
CN104262929B (zh) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-01-06 | 银禧工程塑料(东莞)有限公司 | 一种高频电磁波屏蔽的阻燃pc/abs复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN106336606A (zh) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-01-18 | 芜湖创科新材料科技有限公司 | 塑料建材用超耐候阻燃型asa/pmma彩色共挤料及制备方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1670296A1 (de) * | 1967-12-22 | 1971-01-28 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von substituierten Phosphiniminen und entsprechenden Amidophosphoniumhalogeniden |
EP0728811A2 (de) * | 1995-02-27 | 1996-08-28 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Hammhemmende thermoplastische Harzzusammensetzung |
-
1996
- 1996-12-05 DE DE1996150563 patent/DE19650563A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-11-18 EP EP97951910A patent/EP0942948A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-11-18 WO PCT/EP1997/006421 patent/WO1998024837A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-11-18 JP JP52512098A patent/JP2001505243A/ja active Pending
- 1997-11-18 CN CN 97180382 patent/CN1239974A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1670296A1 (de) * | 1967-12-22 | 1971-01-28 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von substituierten Phosphiniminen und entsprechenden Amidophosphoniumhalogeniden |
EP0728811A2 (de) * | 1995-02-27 | 1996-08-28 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Hammhemmende thermoplastische Harzzusammensetzung |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000066661A1 (de) * | 1999-05-04 | 2000-11-09 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Mischungen, enthaltend stabilisatoren und iminophosphorane |
WO2013174791A1 (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-11-28 | Basf Se | Phosphinyliminophosphoranes as flame retardants |
US11279816B2 (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2022-03-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Flame retardants derived from biobased dicarboxylic acids |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19650563A1 (de) | 1998-06-10 |
CN1239974A (zh) | 1999-12-29 |
EP0942948A1 (de) | 1999-09-22 |
JP2001505243A (ja) | 2001-04-17 |
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