Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
  • C07D295/096—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms separated by carbocyclic rings or by carbon chains interrupted by carbocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives

Definitions

• This invention relates to the dimesylate salt of cis-1-(3-ethoxyphenyl)-1-(4- phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-methyl-cyclohexane (compound I) which selectively binds to mammalian Neuropeptide Y receptors.
• This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising compound I. It further relates to the use of compound I and compositions containing compound I in treating physiological disorders associated with an excess of neuropeptide Y, especially eating disorders and certain cardiovascular diseases.
• Neuropeptide Y a peptide first isolated in 1982, is widely distributed in the central and peripheral neurons and is responsible for a multitude of biological effects in the brain and the periphery.
• Various animal studies have shown that activation of Neuropeptide Y receptors is related to vasoconstriction, Wahlestedt et al., Regul. Peptides, 13: 307-318 (1986), McCauley and Westfall, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 261: 863-868 (1992), and Grundemar et al., Br. J. Pharmacol.
• Compounds that interact with NPY1 receptors and inhibit the activity of neuropeptide Y at those receptors are useful in treating physiological disorders associated with an excess of neuropeptide Y such as eating disorders, for example, obesity and bulimia, and certain cardiovascular diseases, for example, hypertension.
• compositions comprising compound I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• this invention comprises polymorph A and polymorph B of compound I.
• Salts of cis-1-(3-ethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-methyl- cyclohexane are readily prepared by dissolving the free base in an organic solvent such as acetone or ethylacetate or a mixture of solvents. A stoichiometric amount of the counter, ion is added. Precipitation of the salt occurs quickly and the initial precipitate is then redissolved and reprecipitated.
• Previously known salts of cis-1-(3-ethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)- 4-methyl-cyclohexane have been found to be insoluble and/or of poor chemical stability.
• the fumarate salt has low solubility (40 ⁇ g/ml) in water and low bioavailability in dogs (2% - 18%).
• the dihydrochloride has good water solubility (1 mg/ml) and bioavailability in dogs (75%), but was found to be unstable in the solid state.
• the dimesylate salt (compound I) has a solubility of 31 mg/ml, good stability and bioavailability; these superior properties make it useful for pharmaceutical applications.
• Two polymorphs of the dimesylate salt have been discovered and characterized.
• Form A proved to be the preferred form.
• the use of acetone as an isolation solvent usually precipitates either form B or a mixture of forms B and A. Both forms have unique X-ray diffraction patterns and melting points.
• the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) of form B reveals a melt onset at 145°C followed by a recrystallization of the melt to form A and a final melt of form A at 164.7°C. These events were confirmed using fusion microscopy.
• Compounds A and B have the x-ray diffraction d-spacing as shown in Table 1 and 2.
• the compound I is an effective neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonist, it is of value in the treatment of a wide variety of clinical conditions which are characterized by the presence of an excess of neuropeptide Y.
• the invention provides methods for the treatment or prevention of a physiological disorder associated with an excess of neuropeptide Y, which method comprises administering to a mammal in need of said treatment an effective amount of compound I.
• physiological disorder associated with an excess of neuropeptide Y encompasses those disorders associated with an inappropriate stimulation of neuropeptide Y receptors, regardless of the actual amount of neuropeptide Y present in the locale.
• physiological disorders may include: disorders or diseases pertaining to the heart, blood vessels or the renal system, such as vasospasm, heart failure, shock, cardiac hypertrophy increased blood pressure, angina, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, arrhythmia, peripheral vascular disease, and abnormal renal conditions such as impaired flow of fluid, abnormal mass transport, or renal failure; conditions related to increased sympathetic nerve activity for example, during or after coronary artery surgery, and operations and surgery in the gastrointestinal tract; cerebral diseases and diseases related to the central nervous system, such as cerebral infarction, neurodegeneration, epilepsy, stroke, and conditions related to stroke, cerebral vasospasm and hemorrhage, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and dementia; conditions related to pain or nociception; diseases related to abnormal gastrointestinal motility and secretion, such as different forms of ileus, urinary incontinence, and Crohn's disease; abnormal drink and food intake disorders, such as obesity, anorexia, bulimia, and metabolic disorders; diseases related to sexual dysfunction and reproductive disorders; conditions
• compound I is indicated by the following assay for human NPY1 receptor activity.
• Membrane Preparation Baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells expressing recombinant human NPY Y1 receptors were harvested at 42-48 hours at which time batches of 500 mL of cell suspension were pelleted by centrifugation. Each pellet was resuspended in 30 mL of lysis buffer (10 mM HEPES, 250 mM sucrose, 0.5 ⁇ g/ml leupeptin, 2 ⁇ g/ml Aprotonin, 200 ⁇ M PMSF and 2.5 mM EDTA, pH 7.4) and gently homogenized by 50 strokes using a Dounce homogenizer. The homogenate was centrifuged at 4°C for 10 minutes at 536 x g to pellet the nuclei.
• lysis buffer 10 mM HEPES, 250 mM sucrose, 0.5 ⁇ g/ml leupeptin, 2 ⁇ g/ml Aprotonin, 200 ⁇ M PMSF and 2.5 mM EDTA, pH 7.4
• Membranes (5 ⁇ g) were added to siliconized (Sigmacote, Sigma) polypropylene tubes in addition to 0.050 nM [ 125 l]PYY(porcine) for competition analysis or 0.010- 0.500 nM [ 125 I]PYY (porcine) for saturation analysis.
• GTP was added at a final concentration of 100 ⁇ M.
• Cold displacers were added at concentrations ranging from 10 "12 M to 10 "6 M to yield a final volume of 0.250 mL. Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of 1 ⁇ M NPY(human) and accounted for less than 10% of total binding.
• Compound I may be administered orally, topically, parenterally, by inhalation or spray or rectally in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles.
• parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques.
• a pharmaceutical formulation comprising compound I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the pharmaceutical compositions containing compound I may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsion, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs.
• compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations.
• Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets.
• excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc.
• the tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period.
• a time delay- material such as glyceryl monosterate or glyceryl distearate may be employed.
• Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.
• an inert solid diluent for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin
• water or an oil medium for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.
• Aqueous suspensions contain the active material in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions.
• excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydropropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally- occurring phosphatide, for example, lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
• the aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl, or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.
• Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredients in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin.
• the oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide palatable oral preparations. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
• Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present.
• Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions.
• the oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquid paraffin or mixtures of these.
• Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol, anhydrides, for example sorbitan monoleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoleate.
• the emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents. Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose.
• Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above.
• the sterile injectable preparation may also be sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parentally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
• the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
• sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
• compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
• suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
• Such materials are cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols.
• Compound I may be administered parenterally in a sterile medium. The drug, depending on the vehicle and concentration used, can either be suspended or dissolved in the vehicle.
• adjuvants such as local anesthetics, preservatives and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle.
• Dosage levels of the order of from about 0.1 mg to about 140 mg per kilogram of body weight per day are useful in the treatment of the above-indicated conditions (about 0.5 mg to about 7 g per patient per day).
• the amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. Dosage unit forms will generally contain between from about 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient.
• Phenylpiperazine (37 ml, 40 g, 245 mmol) was suspended in 300 ml water. The pH was adjusted to between 3 and 4 using 10% HCl and 25% NaOH. 4-Methyl cyclohexanone (30 ml, 27 g, 244 mmol) was added followed by KCN (16 g, 245 mmol). The mixture was stirred 15 hours at room temperature during which time the product solidified. The product was collected by filtration, washed with water, triturated with 2-propanol, filtered, then dried in the vacuum oven overnight at 50°C to give 58 g (84% yield) of the desired product as a roughly 2:1 mixture of diastereomers.
• Dimesylate salt of cis-1-(3-ethoxyphenyl,-1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl.-4-mevhyl- cyclohexane A 6 g portion of the product of Example 1 was charged to 90 ml of acetone producing a clear solution. 2.3 ml (3.55 eq) of methanesulfonic acid was added. Crystallization commenced immediately. The resulting slurry was stirred under ambient conditions over night. The product was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo at 45°C. The weight yield was 7.3 g, 97.3%. This material was shown to be Form B by DSC and x-ray diffraction.
• Conversion to Form A Form B may be converted to Form A in either isopropanol or ethyl acetate under ambient conditions for 72 hours or more efficiently in the following manner.
• a 5 g portion of Form B was charged to 150 ml of ethyl acetate.
• the slurry was then heated to reflux for 15 minutes. The heat was removed and the slurry was allowed to cool to ambient over about 1 hour.
• the slurry was granulated under ambient conditions for 2 hours and the product collected by filtration. The weight yield was 4.41 g, 88.2%. This material was shown to be Form A by DSC and X-ray diffraction.

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• 1997
  • 1997-11-18 PA PA19978441701A patent/PA8441701A1/es unknown
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