WO1998017597A1 - Carbide material and tools including such material - Google Patents

Carbide material and tools including such material Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998017597A1
WO1998017597A1 PCT/GB1997/002872 GB9702872W WO9817597A1 WO 1998017597 A1 WO1998017597 A1 WO 1998017597A1 GB 9702872 W GB9702872 W GB 9702872W WO 9817597 A1 WO9817597 A1 WO 9817597A1
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Prior art keywords
carbide
ceramic material
cutting
mixture
tool
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PCT/GB1997/002872
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French (fr)
Inventor
John James Saveker
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John James Saveker
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9621851.6A external-priority patent/GB9621851D0/en
Application filed by John James Saveker filed Critical John James Saveker
Priority to AU47132/97A priority Critical patent/AU4713297A/en
Publication of WO1998017597A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998017597A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
    • C04B35/6455—Hot isostatic pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C04B35/5607—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides
    • C04B35/5626—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides based on tungsten carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3804—Borides
    • C04B2235/3813—Refractory metal borides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3817—Carbides
    • C04B2235/3839—Refractory metal carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3817—Carbides
    • C04B2235/3839—Refractory metal carbides
    • C04B2235/3843—Titanium carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3852—Nitrides, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride, magnesium nitride
    • C04B2235/3886—Refractory metal nitrides, e.g. vanadium nitride, tungsten nitride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3891—Silicides, e.g. molybdenum disilicide, iron silicide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
    • C04B2235/405—Iron group metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mixtures of tungsten carbide with other ceramic materials and their use in cutting or other machining tools, and in various forms of wear tools.
  • steel itself can be substantially improved in hardness and durability by incorporation into the mixture of a ceramic such as zirconium oxide, titanium diboride, titanium nitride or titanium carbide. It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved cutting tool, an improved wear resistant surface and also to provide an improved material for use as a cutting tool and as a wear surface.
  • a ceramic such as zirconium oxide, titanium diboride, titanium nitride or titanium carbide.
  • a material for cutting and wear resistant surfaces comprising a compacted and sintered mixture of tungsten carbide and a second ceramic material, said second ceramic material comprising at least one of a carbide, nitride, boride, or suicide of a Group IVA or VA transition metal.
  • the second ceramic material is HfB 2 , TaB, Ta&, TiB 2 , ZrB 2 , (Ti,Zr)B 2 , HfC, ZrC, (Ta,Ti)C, HfN, NbN, (Ta,Ti)N, (Ti,Zr)N, ZrN, TiC, TaC, NbC, VC, or any mixture thereof.
  • the second ceramic material may advantageously be titanium diboride, hafnium carbide, or a mixture thereof.
  • the second ceramic material is present in the proportion of between 0.01 to 5 wt % , optimally in the range 0.01 to 0.7 wt%
  • the particle size of the tungsten carbide may be between 0.5 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m, optionally between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size of the second ceramic material may be between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.5 ⁇ m and 4 ⁇ m.
  • Powdered steel may be included in the mixture.
  • a cutting tool comprising at least one cutting edge formed by a compacted and sintered mixture of tungsten carbide and a second ceramic material.
  • the second ceramic material is HfB 2 , TaB, TaB 2 , TiB 2 , ZrB 2 , (Ti,Zr)B 2 , HfC, ZrC, (Ta,Ti)C, HfN, NbN, (Ta,Ti)N, (Ti,Zr)N, ZrN, TiC, TaC, NbC, VC or any mixture thereof.
  • the second ceramic material is present in the proportion of between 0.01 to 5 wt %, optimally in the range 0.01 to 0.7 wt %.
  • the particle size of the tungsten carbide may be between 0.5 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m, optionally between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size of the second ceramic material may be between 0.5 ⁇ m and lO ⁇ m, preferably between 0.5 ⁇ m and 4 ⁇ m.
  • Powdered steel may be included in the mixture.
  • a method of producing a material for a cutting or wear resistant tool comprising the steps of mixing powdered tungsten carbide with a second powdered ceramic material, and sintering the resultant powder.
  • a high speed cutting tool comprising a steel core zone and a peripheral zone containing carbide material, in which the particle dimensions of the steel core particles and the carbide cutting zone particles are so arranged as to give a compatible interface which will bond even under high stress loads.
  • the material of the steel core zone may comprise a ceramic material, optionally in an amount of 0.001 to 5wt%.
  • the ceramic material may be present in an amount of 0.001 to 1.5wt%
  • a wear resistant tool comprising a steel core zone and a peripheral zone containing carbide material, in which the particle dimensions of the steel core particles and the carbide cutting zone particles are so arranged as to give a compatible interface which will bond even under high stress loads.
  • the material of the invention finds use as a cutting or milling tool, or surface thereof, or as a wear resistant tool, such as a roller, die, (including progression tools for use in can forming), tape or paper slitting discs, nail dies, plungers and sleeves for use in the petrochemical industries, and tool or product rest guides.
  • the material may also be produced in rod, plate or strip form for use in any one of the above or an appropriate industry.
  • the composition includes 5 to 95 wt% tungsten carbide, 0.5 to 20 wt% cobalt (as binder) and 0.01 to 5 wt% other transition metal ceramic.
  • It may also comprise powdered steel, added prior to the sintering stage.
  • the tungsten carbide having a particle size between less than l ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m is mixed with the ceramic having a particle size between less than l ⁇ m and 4 ⁇ m, and the mixture sintered at a temperature of 850°C to 1600°C under a pressure of 300 to 1500 MPa for a period of one minute to one hour.
  • the second ceramic material may be any one or more of the following compounds, which are transition metal borides, carbides, silicides and nitrides :
  • MMC metal matrix composite
  • Preferred compounds are HfB 2 , TaB, TaB 2 , TiB 2 , ZrB 2 , (Ti,Zr)B 2 , HfC, ZrC, (Ta,Ti)C, HfN, NbN, (Ta,Ti)N, (Ti,Zr)N, ZrN, TiC, TaC, NbC, VC or any mixture thereof.
  • Hafnium carbide is a prime contender for the creation of a new generation of metal matrix composite (MMC) cutting tool materials based on a matrix of hot isostatically pressed cutting tool materials incorporating hard, particulate ceramic additions.
  • MMC metal matrix composite
  • Hafnium carbide is a group IVB carbide, having a cubic crystal lattice.
  • Hafnium carbide possesses a combination of physical properties which make it attractive for cutting tool applications; a high hardness of 2900HV and a high melting point of 3890°C. According to the data available, this is the highest melting point of any transition metal carbide.
  • the cutting tool performance of this composite material is superior to other similar MMC based on high speed steel with particulate ceramic additions.
  • 0.2wt% titanium diboride of particle size approximately 1.3 ⁇ m was mixed with tungsten carbide of K40 grade, and sintered.
  • the resultant material had a hardness of 3350 VPN (as against the hardness of tungsten carbide of 2500 VPN) and was effectively equivalent to tungsten carbide of K20 grade. It is thought that this may be due to the small particles of titanium diboride filling at least some of the interstices between the larger particles of tungsten carbide.

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Abstract

The material for cutting a wear resistent surface comprises a compacted and sintered mixture of tungsten carbide and a second ceramic material comprising at least one of a carbide, nitride, boride, or silicide of a Group IVA, or VA transition metal. The preferred second ceramic material is HfB2, TaB, TaB2, TiB2, ZrB2, (Ti,Zr)B2, HfC, ZrC, (Ta,Ti)C, HfN, NbN, (Ta,Ti)N, (Ti,Zr)N, ZrN, TiC, TaC, NbC, VC or any mixture thereof. It is present in the proportion of between 0.01 to 5 wt.%, optimally in the range 0.01 to 0.7 wt.%.

Description

CARBIDE MATERIAL AND TOOLS INCLUDING SUCH MATERIAL
The present invention relates to mixtures of tungsten carbide with other ceramic materials and their use in cutting or other machining tools, and in various forms of wear tools.
It is known to make high speed and other cutting tools from materials such as carbide containing steel, or from other steels. However, the high speed at which such tools operate, which may be 20,000rpm, causes a high degree of wear at the cutting edges of the tool. Attempts have been made to overcome this problem by making the tool purely of tungsten carbide or some other hard carbide material. However, this is expensive and usually the core of the tool is made of some cheaper material bonded to an outer carbide containing cutting edge. This is not always a satisfactory solution since, unless the core and the outer cutting surfaces are compatible, the forces exerted at the boundary interface therebetween may cause relative slippage to occur.
It is also known to provide wear surfaces for cutting, stamping, drawing, vehicle braking, rolling and the like.
It has also been found that steel itself can be substantially improved in hardness and durability by incorporation into the mixture of a ceramic such as zirconium oxide, titanium diboride, titanium nitride or titanium carbide. It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved cutting tool, an improved wear resistant surface and also to provide an improved material for use as a cutting tool and as a wear surface.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a material for cutting and wear resistant surfaces comprising a compacted and sintered mixture of tungsten carbide and a second ceramic material, said second ceramic material comprising at least one of a carbide, nitride, boride, or suicide of a Group IVA or VA transition metal.
Preferably the second ceramic material is HfB2, TaB, Ta&, TiB2, ZrB2, (Ti,Zr)B2, HfC, ZrC, (Ta,Ti)C, HfN, NbN, (Ta,Ti)N, (Ti,Zr)N, ZrN, TiC, TaC, NbC, VC, or any mixture thereof.
The second ceramic material may advantageously be titanium diboride, hafnium carbide, or a mixture thereof.
Advantageously the second ceramic material is present in the proportion of between 0.01 to 5 wt % , optimally in the range 0.01 to 0.7 wt%
The particle size of the tungsten carbide may be between 0.5μm and 150μm, optionally between 0.5μm and 10μm.
In this case, the particle size of the second ceramic material may be between 0.5μm and 10μm, preferably between 0.5μm and 4μm.
Powdered steel may be included in the mixture.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a cutting tool comprising at least one cutting edge formed by a compacted and sintered mixture of tungsten carbide and a second ceramic material.
Preferably the second ceramic material is HfB2, TaB, TaB2, TiB2, ZrB2, (Ti,Zr)B2, HfC, ZrC, (Ta,Ti)C, HfN, NbN, (Ta,Ti)N, (Ti,Zr)N, ZrN, TiC, TaC, NbC, VC or any mixture thereof.
Advantageously the second ceramic material is present in the proportion of between 0.01 to 5 wt %, optimally in the range 0.01 to 0.7 wt %.
The particle size of the tungsten carbide may be between 0.5μm and 150μm, optionally between 0.5μm and 10μm.
In this case, the particle size of the second ceramic material may be between 0.5μm and lOμm, preferably between 0.5μm and 4μm.
Powdered steel may be included in the mixture.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a material for a cutting or wear resistant tool comprising the steps of mixing powdered tungsten carbide with a second powdered ceramic material, and sintering the resultant powder.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high speed cutting tool comprising a steel core zone and a peripheral zone containing carbide material, in which the particle dimensions of the steel core particles and the carbide cutting zone particles are so arranged as to give a compatible interface which will bond even under high stress loads.
The material of the steel core zone may comprise a ceramic material, optionally in an amount of 0.001 to 5wt%.
Such a tool may be useful where continuous cutting is undertaken. When the tool is to be used only intermittently, the ceramic material may be present in an amount of 0.001 to 1.5wt%
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wear resistant tool comprising a steel core zone and a peripheral zone containing carbide material, in which the particle dimensions of the steel core particles and the carbide cutting zone particles are so arranged as to give a compatible interface which will bond even under high stress loads.
The material of the invention finds use as a cutting or milling tool, or surface thereof, or as a wear resistant tool, such as a roller, die, (including progression tools for use in can forming), tape or paper slitting discs, nail dies, plungers and sleeves for use in the petrochemical industries, and tool or product rest guides. The material may also be produced in rod, plate or strip form for use in any one of the above or an appropriate industry.
The composition includes 5 to 95 wt% tungsten carbide, 0.5 to 20 wt% cobalt (as binder) and 0.01 to 5 wt% other transition metal ceramic.
It may also comprise powdered steel, added prior to the sintering stage.
The tungsten carbide having a particle size between less than lμm and 8μm is mixed with the ceramic having a particle size between less than lμm and 4μm, and the mixture sintered at a temperature of 850°C to 1600°C under a pressure of 300 to 1500 MPa for a period of one minute to one hour.
The second ceramic material may be any one or more of the following compounds, which are transition metal borides, carbides, silicides and nitrides :
(i) HfB2, NbB2, TaB. Ta&, TiB2, ZrB2 and (Ti,Zr)B2
(ii) HfC, ZrC, Ta2C, (Ta,Ti)C, (Ti,Nb)C, (Ti,V)C, (Ta,Nb)C, and (Ta,V)C
(iii) HfN, NbN, TaN, T^N, (Ta,Ti)N, (Ti,Zr)N and ZrN
(iv) V3Si, NbSi2, ZrSi2, TaSi2, TiSi2, Ti5Si3, and TiSi
As such they are prime contenders for the creation of a new generation of metal matrix composite (MMC) cutting tool materials based on a matrix of hot isostatically pressed cutting tool materials incorporating hard, particulate ceramic additions. These compounds are group IVB and VB carbides, nitrides, borides and suicides, having cubic, hep, tetragonal or monoclinic crystal lattices.
Their position in the periodic table, crystal structure and limited mutual solubility for carbides indicate that they have potential for incorporation in cutting materials. The above compounds possess a combination of physical properties which make them attractive for cutting tool applications; high hardnesses of up to 8370HV and high melting points of up to 3890°C.
Preferred compounds are HfB2, TaB, TaB2, TiB2, ZrB2, (Ti,Zr)B2, HfC, ZrC, (Ta,Ti)C, HfN, NbN, (Ta,Ti)N, (Ti,Zr)N, ZrN, TiC, TaC, NbC, VC or any mixture thereof.
Hafnium carbide is a prime contender for the creation of a new generation of metal matrix composite (MMC) cutting tool materials based on a matrix of hot isostatically pressed cutting tool materials incorporating hard, particulate ceramic additions. Hafnium carbide is a group IVB carbide, having a cubic crystal lattice. Hafnium carbide possesses a combination of physical properties which make it attractive for cutting tool applications; a high hardness of 2900HV and a high melting point of 3890°C. According to the data available, this is the highest melting point of any transition metal carbide. Besides producing an adequate microstructure and showing an acceptable secondary hardening response, the cutting tool performance of this composite material is superior to other similar MMC based on high speed steel with particulate ceramic additions.
The invention will be more particularly described by way of example.
Example
0.2wt% titanium diboride of particle size approximately 1.3μm was mixed with tungsten carbide of K40 grade, and sintered.
The resultant material had a hardness of 3350 VPN (as against the hardness of tungsten carbide of 2500 VPN) and was effectively equivalent to tungsten carbide of K20 grade. It is thought that this may be due to the small particles of titanium diboride filling at least some of the interstices between the larger particles of tungsten carbide.
One further reason for the extended life of cutting tools utilising mixtures of tungsten carbide and a second ceramic such as titanium diboride or hafnium carbide is that the second ceramic acts to dissipate heat generated at the cutting edges.

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. A material for cutting and wear resistant surfaces comprising a compacted and sintered mixture of tungsten carbide and a second ceramic material, said second ceramic material comprising at least one of a carbide, nitride, boride, or silicide of a Group IVA or VA transition metal.
2. A material as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the second ceramic material is HfB2, TaB, TaB2, TiB2, ZrB2, (Ti,Zr)B2, HfC, ZrC, (Ta,Ti)C, HfN, NbN, (Ta,Ti)N, (Ti,Zr)N, ZrN, TiC, TaC, NbC, VC or any mixture thereof.
3. A material as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the second ceramic material is titanium diboride, hafnium carbide or a mixture thereof.
4. A material as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the second ceramic material is present in the proportion of between 0.01 to 5 wt %, optimally in the range 0.01 to 0.7 wt %.
5. A material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the particle size of the tungsten carbide is between 0.5μm and 150μm, preferably between 0.5μm and lOμm.
6. A material as claimed in Claim 5, wherein the particle size of the second ceramic material is between 0.5μm and 10μm, preferably between 0.5μm and 4μm.
7. A material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mixture further comprises powdered steel.
8. A cutting tool comprising at least one cutting edge formed by a material as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims.
9. A wear resistant or high speed cutting tool comprising a steel core zone and a peripheral zone containing carbide material as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, in which the particle dimensions of the steel core particles and the carbide cutting zone particles are so arranged as to give a compatible interface which will bond even under high stress loads.
10. A tool as claimed in Claim 9, wherein the material of the steel core zone comprises a ceramic material, in an amount of 0.001 to 5 wt % , preferably in an amount of 0.001 to 1.5 wt %.
11. A method of producing a material for a cutting or wear resistant tool- comprising the steps of mixing powdered tungsten carbide with a second powdered ceramic material, and sintering the resultant powder.
PCT/GB1997/002872 1996-10-21 1997-10-17 Carbide material and tools including such material WO1998017597A1 (en)

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GBGB9621851.6A GB9621851D0 (en) 1996-07-16 1996-10-21 Improved carbide material and apparatus including such material
GB9621851.6 1996-10-21

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WO1998017597A1 true WO1998017597A1 (en) 1998-04-30

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WO2007029017A1 (en) * 2005-09-08 2007-03-15 John James Saveker Composite cutting tools, wear resistant bodies and finished products
CN105154743A (en) * 2015-08-21 2015-12-16 上海海事大学 WC/Co-ZrB2 hard alloy and preparation method thereof
CN106987749A (en) * 2015-08-21 2017-07-28 上海海事大学 A kind of WC/Co-TiB2Hard alloy and preparation method thereof

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JPS5016730B1 (en) * 1969-11-14 1975-06-16
JPS61124548A (en) * 1984-11-20 1986-06-12 Hitachi Metals Ltd Ultrafine particle sintered hard alloy
JPH02190439A (en) * 1989-01-13 1990-07-26 Kobe Steel Ltd Sintered hard alloy and cutting tool

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JPS61124548A (en) * 1984-11-20 1986-06-12 Hitachi Metals Ltd Ultrafine particle sintered hard alloy
JPH02190439A (en) * 1989-01-13 1990-07-26 Kobe Steel Ltd Sintered hard alloy and cutting tool

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007029017A1 (en) * 2005-09-08 2007-03-15 John James Saveker Composite cutting tools, wear resistant bodies and finished products
CN105154743A (en) * 2015-08-21 2015-12-16 上海海事大学 WC/Co-ZrB2 hard alloy and preparation method thereof
CN106987749A (en) * 2015-08-21 2017-07-28 上海海事大学 A kind of WC/Co-TiB2Hard alloy and preparation method thereof

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