WO1998012277A1 - Melange frigorigene a base de propane - Google Patents
Melange frigorigene a base de propane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998012277A1 WO1998012277A1 PCT/FR1997/001595 FR9701595W WO9812277A1 WO 1998012277 A1 WO1998012277 A1 WO 1998012277A1 FR 9701595 W FR9701595 W FR 9701595W WO 9812277 A1 WO9812277 A1 WO 9812277A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- propane
- mixture
- fluids
- temperature
- flammability
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures
- C09K2205/43—Type R22
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a propane-based refrigerant mixture intended to replace difluorohydrochloromethane (HCFC-22 or R22 according to the designation of ASHRAE, American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air conditioning Engineer) in refrigeration and air conditioning installations.
- HCFC-22 or R22 difluorohydrochloromethane
- HCFCs hydrochlorofluorocarbon
- HCFC-22 or R22 difluorohydrochloromethane
- HCFC-22 or R22 difluorohydrochloromethane
- HCFC-22 or R22 difluorohydrochloromethane
- R22 represents in quantities, half of the fluids used in the sectors which concern it, or approximately 15,500 tonnes, in France.
- R22 is used in competition with ammonia, a highly toxic fluid, the use of which will be subject to new restrictions.
- chemists offer synthetic fluids, essentially based on mixtures. Reference may be made, for example, to documents FR-A-2 722 794, 2707 629, 2 654 427 or 2 658 508.
- Natural fluids such as propane, 1-isobutane, and ammonia, on the other hand, are excellent refrigerants, having high performance, and excellent compatibility with the oils currently used in compressors. Their major drawback lies in their toxicity, for ammonia, and their flammability for hydrocarbons.
- the object of the invention is to provide a new refrigerant mixture which does not have the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the invention proposes to use a “natural” fluid, propane (C 3 H ⁇ ), which is pondered to be a good thermodynamic fluid, compatible with the components and with the lubricants, and to reduce the risks associated with its flammability.
- propane C 3 H ⁇
- the invention achieves its object thanks to a binary azeotropic or quasiazeotropic mixture of propane (R290) and of a second constituent chosen from 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFR 134a or R 134a) or R22 itself .
- R134a (1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane) has been used for a few years to replace R12 (dichlorodifluoromethane). It turns out to be reliable in installations. It is produced in industrial quantities, at prices acceptable to the industry. It is considered to be harmless to the ozone layer.
- an azeotropic mixture exists for approximately 45% in propane and 55% of R134a (by mass), that is to say a minimum temperature sliding for the range between at least 40 ° C and the critical temperature exists for this composition.
- the properties of the mixture are still quasi-azeotropic for compositions containing by mass from 35% to 58% of propane and from 65% to 42% of R134a.
- the critical temperature of these mixtures is of the order of 82/85 ° C, and the corresponding critical pressure is of the order of
- FIG. 1 shows the temperature /% mixture curve of a propane / Rl34a mixture established at 1 bar and reveals azeotropy well for a 45% / 55% mixture, these proportions being able to be slightly different under other pressures.
- the saturation pressure / temperature curve is shown in FIG. 2 for the azeotropic mixture of the invention and compared with that of R22.
- the curve of the mixture of the invention is slightly greater than that of R22, which in practice generates a lower compression ratio, and better mechanical efficiency at the compressor. In addition to their thermodynamic and thermophysical properties, these mixtures have a significant improvement in terms of risk, compared with pure flammable fluids.
- This reduction in flammability is linked both to the reduction in the quantities of flammable fluids required, between 35% and 58% compared to pure fluids, but also, the presence in the gas phase of a non-flammable fluid, heavier than air helps reduce flammability.
- the flammability of the composition is reduced due to the azeotropic bond in the mentioned mixing range, and in particular around 45% / 55% propane / R134a. It is less than 45% propane.
- a certain advantage of these mixtures lies in the availability in industrial quantities of the two components, with very low cost of propane. They thus offer the manufacturer a solution with good performance, good product reliability, and a very significant reduction in the risk associated with 1 - flammability.
- the most appropriate composition will be sought, having both the desired performance and the lowest amount of propane, with the lowest possible temperature shift.
- the 35% / 65% mixture represents an advantageous solution, since the temperature sliding is from about 0.2 ° C to 50 ° C of condensation temperature, and of the order of 1 ° C, to about 10 ° C of evaporation temperature.
- the mixture 40% / 60% propane / R134a is applicable.
- the mixture 45% / 55%, propane / 134a is more suitable.
- the composition mentioned in the previous line can be used for all the applications mentioned above, being the closest to azeotropy.
- a third fluid, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) type for example, can be added in small amounts, in some cases.
- HFC hydrofluorocarbon
- the preparation of a mixture at a given proportion can be done in various ways, in the liquid phase, or in the vapor phase, with weighing, measurement of flow rates of the components, or measurement of thermal or thermodynamic properties.
- non-azeotropic compositions R290 / R134a are already known in the prior art (for example, from document EP-0 565 265 A1), but these are intended to replace the refrigerant R12 (dichlorodifluorourethane) and not R22 and target different applications (in particular domestic refrigerators).
- the very small amount of The main role of propane in the mixture is to ensure the return of the oil to the compressor. In the event of a leak, propane will leave the facility. However, the use of this mixture is recommended with compatible synthetic or mineral oils only in the presence of propane. Leakage in these cases leads to the risk of compressor rupture, due to a lack of lubrication.
- the azeotropy property also exists between R22 and propane for the composition propane / R22 35/65%. This property makes these compositions mixtures which are easy to integrate into current refrigeration systems without any particular adaptation. Indeed, the mixtures have properties very close to R22, and in particular a comparable pressure-temperature curve. In the range of fluids conventionally presented as replacements for
- the propane / R22 mixture is of interest for the transitional phase out of R22, because it allows the reduction of the quantities used in existing installations.
- the advantages of the mixtures proposed according to the invention are: - possibility of using exchangers: evaporators and condensers without modification, possibility of using technologies and dimensions of compressors without modification , possibility of using current lubricants without modification or, a priori special precaution, no modification of composition in the event of a leak, and therefore no risk as to the reliability of the installation and its components, good thermodynamic properties, translating into a good COP (coefficient of performance), as demonstrated by the following cycle calculations.
- the proposed mixture differs from the known mixtures because of its azeotropy, that is to say the absence of a distillation interval. Indeed, fluids having a distillation interval require a different design of exchangers, failing which, a loss of efficiency follows and results in a loss of coefficient of performance.
- any refrigerant leak causes a rather significant change in the composition of the mixture in the installation, and reduces the reliability of the system in terms of performance and service life of the components, in particular the compressor.
- refrigeration installations have a leakage rate of the order of 5% to 25% depending on the nature of the application.
- R407C will not be applied in new installations for this reason.
- any leak leads to the reduction and even the disappearance of the most volatile component in the installation.
- R407C same coefficient of performance (COP), but a negligible distillation interval, less than 0.1 ° C.
- the R407C shows 5 ° C.
- R410A the mixture has a better theoretical coefficient of performance of around 5%, and a condensing pressure significantly lower: 18.8 bars for the mixture, and 28.8 bars for the R410A.
- R404A and R22 The calculation results reveal: a lower compression ratio of the mixture in comparison with the two fluids, suggesting lower mechanical work, a coefficient of cold performance (ratio of the amount of cold produced to the work of compression required) lower by 4% compared to R22, but higher by 4% compared to R404A.
- the COP of the machine can be comparable or better, given the lower compression rate, a volume flow rate at the compressor suction of the same order as HCFC-22, a lower distillation interval than for R404A, namely -0.1 ° C for 0.4 ° C in the condenser, and 0.2 ° C for 0.7 ° C in the evaporator, a low discharge temperature (end of compression), reducing the risk of degradation of the lubricant. Flammability tests:
- ISO 5 liter glass flask; matches ; heated fluid if necessary.
- INERIS 1 liter metal tank; overpressure measurement; source: platinum filament, heated to 1200 ° C or flammability with 50
- Flammability tests were carried out by INERIS, and used the methods developed by this laboratory. Carried out in the indicated proportions, they reveal: the need for greater energy to ignite the mixture. Filament tests revealed an upper limit reduced to
- Cooling capacity 100 100 100 100 100 100 kW
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU42129/97A AU4212997A (en) | 1996-09-17 | 1997-09-10 | Propane based refrigerant mixture |
EP97940210A EP0946668A1 (fr) | 1996-09-17 | 1997-09-10 | Melange frigorigene a base de propane |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9611410A FR2753452B1 (fr) | 1996-09-17 | 1996-09-17 | Fluide thermodynamique compose de propane et de r 134a pour la refrigeration et la climatisation |
FR96/11410 | 1996-09-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998012277A1 true WO1998012277A1 (fr) | 1998-03-26 |
WO1998012277B1 WO1998012277B1 (fr) | 1998-05-22 |
Family
ID=9495875
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1997/001595 WO1998012277A1 (fr) | 1996-09-17 | 1997-09-10 | Melange frigorigene a base de propane |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0946668A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU4212997A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2753452B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998012277A1 (fr) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5590581A (en) * | 1978-12-28 | 1980-07-09 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Mixed coolant |
GB2228739A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-05 | Star Refrigeration | Refrigerant containing chlorodifluoromethane |
JPH05117645A (ja) * | 1991-10-28 | 1993-05-14 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 作動流体 |
JPH05186766A (ja) * | 1990-11-21 | 1993-07-27 | Imperial Chem Ind Plc <Ici> | 冷却剤組成物 |
EP0565265A1 (fr) * | 1992-04-04 | 1993-10-13 | Star Refrigeration Ltd. | Composition réfrigérante |
DE4226431A1 (de) * | 1992-08-10 | 1994-02-17 | Privates Inst Fuer Luft Und Ka | Kältemittelgemisch |
WO1995008602A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-22 | 1995-03-30 | Star Refrigeration Limited | Compositions refrigerantes de substitution |
-
1996
- 1996-09-17 FR FR9611410A patent/FR2753452B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-10 EP EP97940210A patent/EP0946668A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-09-10 WO PCT/FR1997/001595 patent/WO1998012277A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-10 AU AU42129/97A patent/AU4212997A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5590581A (en) * | 1978-12-28 | 1980-07-09 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Mixed coolant |
GB2228739A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-05 | Star Refrigeration | Refrigerant containing chlorodifluoromethane |
JPH05186766A (ja) * | 1990-11-21 | 1993-07-27 | Imperial Chem Ind Plc <Ici> | 冷却剤組成物 |
JPH05117645A (ja) * | 1991-10-28 | 1993-05-14 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 作動流体 |
EP0565265A1 (fr) * | 1992-04-04 | 1993-10-13 | Star Refrigeration Ltd. | Composition réfrigérante |
DE4226431A1 (de) * | 1992-08-10 | 1994-02-17 | Privates Inst Fuer Luft Und Ka | Kältemittelgemisch |
WO1995008602A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-22 | 1995-03-30 | Star Refrigeration Limited | Compositions refrigerantes de substitution |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8034, Derwent World Patents Index; Class G04, AN 80-59564C, XP002049394 * |
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 9339, Derwent World Patents Index; Class E16, AN 93-305883, XP002049393 * |
DATABASE WPI Week 9324, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 93-191774, XP002029910 * |
GRZYLL, LAWRENCE R. ET AL: "Thermal response of TXV [thermostatic expansion valve]-controlled heat pump systems operating with refrigerant mixtures", 1990, PROC. INTERSOC. ENERGY CONVERS. ENG. CONF. (1990), 25TH(VOL. 2), 271-6 CODEN: PIECDE;ISSN: 0146-955X, XP002049392 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0946668A1 (fr) | 1999-10-06 |
AU4212997A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
FR2753452B1 (fr) | 1998-12-04 |
FR2753452A1 (fr) | 1998-03-20 |
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