WO2008113984A1 - Composition réfrigérante - Google Patents
Composition réfrigérante Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008113984A1 WO2008113984A1 PCT/GB2008/000911 GB2008000911W WO2008113984A1 WO 2008113984 A1 WO2008113984 A1 WO 2008113984A1 GB 2008000911 W GB2008000911 W GB 2008000911W WO 2008113984 A1 WO2008113984 A1 WO 2008113984A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant composition
- consisting essentially
- refrigerant
- hermetic
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous difluoromethane Natural products FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
Definitions
- This invention relates to refrigerant compositions, particularly to refrigerant compositions which have minimal adverse effect on stratospheric ozone.
- the invention particularly relates to compositions which are for use in new and existing refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumping equipment. These refrigerant compositions are compatible with the new synthetic lubricants, including but not restricted to polyol ester oils and polyalkylene glycol oils.
- chlorofluorocarbons such as CFC12 and CFC502
- hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as HCFC22
- CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
- HFCs hydro fluorocarbons
- HFCs There are six main HFCs, namely HFC134a, HFC32, HFC125, HFC143a, HFC227ea and HFC 152a, which either individually or when blended into mixtures can replace CFCs and HCFCs. While HFC 134a, HFC227ea and HFC 152a can be used to replace ODS directly, HFC32, HFC143a and HFC125 are generally found in blends as replacements for ODS. HFCs do not have adequate solubility in traditional lubricants such as mineral and alkylbenzene oils so that synthetic oxygen containing lubricants have been introduced specifically in order that HFCs can be used in new equipment.
- traditional lubricants such as mineral and alkylbenzene oils
- Refrigerant blends such as R404A, R507A and others have been commercialised as replacements for CFCs and HCFCs at low temperature, typically operating at around -35 0 C in the evaporator but their performance declines as the temperature rises so that they are not effective, for example, as replacements for ODS in air conditioning applications.
- R404A and R507A have been formulated primarily to replace CFC502 at low temperatures,
- Refrigerant blends such as R407C, R410A and others have been commercialised as replacements for CFCs and HCFCs at medium to high temperatures, typically operating at around +5 0 C in the evaporator and condensing at around +35 0 C but their performance declines as the temperature decreases so that they are not effective, for example, as replacements for ODS in refrigeration applications such as are used in supermarkets.
- R407C and R410A have been formulated primarily to replace HCFC22 for air conditioning applications.
- R407C is a zeotrope, not an azeotrope or near azeotrope, so its application is further restricted by having a comparatively high temperature glide in the evaporator which can cause icing at the entry of the evaporator thus reducing the energy efficiency and the capacity of the system. Furthermore, R407C, being a zeotrope, is unacceptable for flooded systems where large composition shifts would occur resulting in large compression ratios and potential over-pressurisation of the condenser.
- An object of this invention is to provide a refrigerant blend that can be readily used to replace R22 in new & existing equipment. It is especially important that such a blend should have an adequate refrigeration capacity.
- the capacity should be at least 90% of that of the fluid it is replacing, more preferably at least 95% of that of the fluid it is replacing and most preferably equal to or greater than that of the fluid it is replacing under similar operating conditions. It is an object of this invention to provide refrigerant compositions which have capacities similar to R22 across the range of applications for air conditioning & refrigeration from high to low temperatures where R22 is commonly found.
- HFC refrigerant blend which has been commercialised which has a safety classification of Al according to ASHRAE Standard 34, being of low toxicity and non flammable, which can match the capacity, performance and pressures of HFCF22 across the range of applications where HCFC22 is found including refrigeration and air conditioning applications including centrifugal chillers.
- An object of this invention is to provide refrigerant compositions with low temperature glides of less than 2 0 C that match the thermodynamic performance of HCFC22 across the temperature range of applications where HCFC22 is commonly found including refrigeration and air conditioning applications operating at evaporator temperatures ranging from +5 0 C to -40 0 C. It is known in the art that high compression ratios can result in increased energy usage and the potential for compressor damage.
- This invention relates to refrigerant compositions which have compression ratios which should be at least no more than 10% of that of the fluid it is replacing, more preferably no more than 5% of that of the fluid it is replacing and most preferably equal to or lower than that of the fluid it is replacing under similar operating conditions.
- Preferred aspects of this invention relate to refrigerant compositions which have compression ratios which are similar to R22 across the range of applications for air conditioning & refrigeration from high to low temperatures where R22 is commonly found.
- Azeotrope an azeotropic blend is one containing two or more refrigerants whose equilibrium vapour and liquid phase compositions are the same at a given pressure. Azeotropic blends exhibit some segregation of components at other conditions. The extent of the segregation depends on the particular azeotrope and the application.
- Azeotropic temperature the temperature at which the liquid and vapour phases of a blend have the same mole fractionation of each component at equilibrium for a specified pressure.
- Near azeotrope a zeotropic blend with a temperature glide sufficiently small that it may be disregarded without consequential error in analysis for a specific application.
- Zeotrope blends comprising multiple components of different volatilities that, when used in refrigeration cycles, change volumetric composition and saturation temperatures as they evaporate (boil) or condense at constant pressure.
- Temperature glide the absolute value of the difference between the starting and ending temperatures of a phase-change process by a refrigerant within a component of a refrigerating system, exclusive of any subcooling or superheating. This term usually describes condensation or evaporation of a zeotrope.
- a refrigerant composition consists of: a refrigerant composition suitable for air conditioning, refrigeration and heat pumping applications consisting essentially of: Rl 34a 10 to 20%
- a preferred composition consists essentially of:
- Rl 43a 50 to 20%.
- a further preferred composition consists essentially of: Rl 34a 10 to 20%
- a further preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further preferred composition consists essentially of: Rl 34a 10 to 20%
- a further preferred composition consists essentially of: Rl 34a 15 to 20%
- a further preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further preferred composition consists essentially of: Rl 34a 15 to 20%
- An especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- a further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
- compositions of this invention consist of the components mentioned above, optionally with small amounts of impurities or additives in an amount which is not sufficient to affect the essential properties of the composition. Preferably no additives are used.
- Preferred compositions meet the criteria for safety classifications Al and A2 of ASHRAE Standard 34 or meet the criteria for safety classification Al of ASHRAE Standard 34
- compositions may be used in an air conditioning unit with a synthetic oxygen- containing lubricant or may be used in a refrigeration unit with a synthetic oxygen containing lubricant.
- the lubricant may be a polyol ester, a polyether or a mixture of oxygen- containing lubricants.
- compositions may be used in a hermetic or semi-hermetic refrigeration unit providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 0 C and about -45 0 C, or may be used in an open refrigeration unit driven by an external power source providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 0 C and about -45 0 C.
- the compositionsr may be used in an hermetic or semi-hermetic air conditioning unit providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 0 C and about 20 0 C, or may be used in an hermetic or semi-hermetic heat pump unit providing warm temperatures in a range between about 15 0 C and about 50 0 C.
- composition may also be used in an open air conditioning unit driven by an external power source providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 0 C and about 20 0 C.
- the composition may be used in an open heat pump unit driven by an external power source providing warm temperatures in a range between about 15 0 C and about 50 0 C.
- compositions preferably meet the criteria for safety classification A2 of ASHRAE Standard 34 and more preferably meet the stricter Al classification.
- compositions comprise near azeotropic and zeotropic refrigerant compositions, which are non flammable under all conditions of fractionation as defined under ASHRAE Standard 34, and which can be used to replace HCFC22 in new & existing equipment across the application ranges including refrigeration and air conditioning and centrifugal chillers.
- These refrigerant applications are compatible with the oxygen containing synthetic lubricants including but not restricted to polyol ester, polalkylbenzene & polether oils.
- HFC 143a and HFC32 have not received a non flammable rating by ASHRAE.
- Preferred embodiments of this invention relate to compositions of refrigerants which cover blends of non flammable HFCs with flammable HFCs selected so that all such compositions are non flammable during fractionation while providing similar refrigerating effects and thermodynamic performances to HCFC22.
- HFC 143a has an ASHRAE safety classification of A2 which makes limitation of the amount of HFC 143a used relative to the amounts of non- flammable components important to obtaining a non flammable rating of Al for the blend.
- compositions in accordance with this invention may not contain any hydrocarbon compound.
- Preferred compositions provide very similar performance to HCFC22 across the evaporating temperature range commonly associated with HCFC22.
- Example 1 The invention is further described by means of examples but not in a limitative sense.
- Example 1 The invention is further described by means of examples but not in a limitative sense.
- Blends of R125, R143a and R134a were evaluated in a typical hermetic or semi- hermetic air conditioner using NIST's CYCLE D program. COOLING DUTY DELIVERED 10 kW EVAPORATOR
- Blends of R125, R143a and R134a were evaluated in a typical open compressor refrigeration unit using NIST's CYCLE D program. COOLING DUTY DELIVERED 10 kW
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention porte sur une composition réfrigérante constituée essentiellement de trois composants hydrofluorocarbonés choisis parmi HFC134a, HFC125 et HFC143a, et qui remplace le HCFC22 dans les nouveaux appareils.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08718751A EP2125986A1 (fr) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-03-14 | Composition réfrigérante |
CA002681272A CA2681272A1 (fr) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-03-14 | Composition refrigerante |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0705219.4 | 2007-03-19 | ||
GB0705219A GB2447629A (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2007-03-19 | Refrigerant composition comprising three hydrofluorocarbon components |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008113984A1 true WO2008113984A1 (fr) | 2008-09-25 |
Family
ID=38008668
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2008/000911 WO2008113984A1 (fr) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-03-14 | Composition réfrigérante |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2125986A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2681272A1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2447629A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008113984A1 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8465664B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2013-06-18 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Refrigerant composition |
US9023231B2 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2015-05-05 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Non ozone depleting and low global warming potential refrigerants for low temperature refrigeration |
US10253233B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2019-04-09 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Non-ozone depleting and low global warming refrigerant blends |
US11459497B2 (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2022-10-04 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Low GWP refrigerant blends |
US11827834B2 (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2023-11-28 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Thermal pump refrigerants |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5277834A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1994-01-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Near-azeotropic blends for use as refrigerants |
EP0626435A2 (fr) * | 1990-04-04 | 1994-11-30 | Daikin Industries, Limited | Réfrigérant |
US5494597A (en) * | 1993-01-07 | 1996-02-27 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Refrigeration working fluid compositions containing difluoroethane or pentafluoroethane and a polyolester lubricant |
US5616276A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1997-04-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope-like refrigerants with chlorodifluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, and C2 -C4 hydrocarbon |
US5711158A (en) * | 1995-05-15 | 1998-01-27 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for charging three-component mixed refrigerant |
US20010023596A1 (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 2001-09-27 | Makoto Fujita | Refrigerating apparatus |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2548411B2 (ja) * | 1989-11-30 | 1996-10-30 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 作動流体 |
JPH08100170A (ja) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-16 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 作動流体混合物 |
FR2860001B1 (fr) * | 2003-09-19 | 2008-02-15 | Arkema | Composition a base d'hfc (hydrofluorocarbures) et son utilisation |
GB0404343D0 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2004-03-31 | Rpl Holdings Ltd | Refrigerant composition |
-
2007
- 2007-03-19 GB GB0705219A patent/GB2447629A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-03-14 EP EP08718751A patent/EP2125986A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-03-14 WO PCT/GB2008/000911 patent/WO2008113984A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-03-14 CA CA002681272A patent/CA2681272A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0626435A2 (fr) * | 1990-04-04 | 1994-11-30 | Daikin Industries, Limited | Réfrigérant |
US5277834A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1994-01-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Near-azeotropic blends for use as refrigerants |
US5616276A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1997-04-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope-like refrigerants with chlorodifluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, and C2 -C4 hydrocarbon |
US5494597A (en) * | 1993-01-07 | 1996-02-27 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Refrigeration working fluid compositions containing difluoroethane or pentafluoroethane and a polyolester lubricant |
US20010023596A1 (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 2001-09-27 | Makoto Fujita | Refrigerating apparatus |
US5711158A (en) * | 1995-05-15 | 1998-01-27 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for charging three-component mixed refrigerant |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8465664B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2013-06-18 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Refrigerant composition |
US9062237B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2015-06-23 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Refrigerant composition |
US9023231B2 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2015-05-05 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Non ozone depleting and low global warming potential refrigerants for low temperature refrigeration |
US10253233B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2019-04-09 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Non-ozone depleting and low global warming refrigerant blends |
US11459497B2 (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2022-10-04 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Low GWP refrigerant blends |
US11827834B2 (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2023-11-28 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Thermal pump refrigerants |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2681272A1 (fr) | 2008-09-25 |
GB2447629A (en) | 2008-09-24 |
EP2125986A1 (fr) | 2009-12-02 |
GB0705219D0 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
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