WO1998009825A1 - Dokument mit moiré-erzeugender rasterstruktur - Google Patents
Dokument mit moiré-erzeugender rasterstruktur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998009825A1 WO1998009825A1 PCT/EP1997/004745 EP9704745W WO9809825A1 WO 1998009825 A1 WO1998009825 A1 WO 1998009825A1 EP 9704745 W EP9704745 W EP 9704745W WO 9809825 A1 WO9809825 A1 WO 9809825A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- data carrier
- structural elements
- carrier according
- halftone image
- areas
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/342—Moiré effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/005—Testing security markings invisible to the naked eye, e.g. verifying thickened lines or unobtrusive markings or alterations
- G07D7/0054—Testing security markings invisible to the naked eye, e.g. verifying thickened lines or unobtrusive markings or alterations involving markings the properties of which are altered from original properties
- G07D7/0057—Testing security markings invisible to the naked eye, e.g. verifying thickened lines or unobtrusive markings or alterations involving markings the properties of which are altered from original properties involving markings which are altered in dimension, e.g. thickened lines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a data carrier, in particular a value document, with at least one halftone image represented by structural elements, each structural element having a basic geometry and a size, the size of the structural element representing a gray level of the halftone image and a method for producing it.
- the invention further relates to a data carrier, in particular a value document, with at least one picture element represented by one or more structural elements.
- EP 0710574 A2 relates to a security document with a drawing, with one copy of the security document in the corresponding drawing creates a moiré pattern.
- a full-area raster structure with parallel lines is arranged.
- the drawing is made in the form of a halftone image, the line thicknesses of the lines being varied in a contact grid structure, as described in EP 0 085 066 B1.
- the distance between the lines is varied over the entire halftone image in accordance with a modulation function. This means that the number of lines per unit length varies over the entire area of the drawing.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of making available a document with a moire-producing structure, in particular on a halftone image, wherein large-area moire structures are generated for the detection of forgeries during a copying process of the document, the moire-generating structure being simultaneously produced is homogeneously inserted into the halftone image and is a background structure compared to the halftone image itself.
- the invention is based on the idea of dividing the total area of an image in which moire structures are to be produced in a copying process into several areas. A number of structure elements is then assigned to each area, with the aid of which the gray levels present in this area are to be generated. The number of structural elements is selected in at least two adjoining areas so that it is different in the two adjoining areas. This different number inevitably results in an offset of the structural elements relative to the structural element of the neighboring beard area.
- the halftone image which is applied to the data carrier is thus divided into regions which have different raster frequencies. When trying to copy this halftone image or to read it into a data processing system using a scanner, the scanning frequency of the scanner or copier overlaps with the applied different raster frequencies of the halftone image. However, this superimposition leads to disturbances in the reproduction of the halftone image, this disturbance being particularly noticeable in the generation of a large-area moiré pattern.
- a different raster frequency is generated for each area, so that it is ensured that even when the scanning raster, ie the scanning or copying frequency, is changed, a moiré pattern is produced. This then appears in the areas of the total area for which the scanning and raster frequencies are matched to one another in such a way that a moiré pattern can arise.
- the image has predetermined areas, in each of which a predetermined number of structural elements is arranged, the number of structural elements per area of an area being different between at least two adjacent areas and / or the structural elements in at least two of the areas against one another are staggered.
- This has the advantage that even with different scanning grids, for example a copier or scanner, disturbances, such as moiré patterns, occur without inhomogeneities in the overall area grid, in particular the halftone image.
- the structural elements of an area of the halftone image have a uniform basic geometry, the structural elements of all areas particularly preferably having a uniform basic geometry.
- the structural elements are preferably designed as lines, with a predetermined thickness of a line representing a predetermined shade of gray for each area separately. This makes it possible, despite the division of the grayscale image into several areas with a different number of structural elements, to ensure a homogeneous degree of brightness over the entire grayscale image. For example, if there are n structure elements in a first area and n + 10 structure elements in the adjacent area, then the increase in the number of structure elements would make the second area optically darker than the first area.
- the advantage can be achieved that the halftone has different raster frequencies that are superimposed on the scanning frequency of the device when scanning with the aid of a scanner or copier and by the variation
- the number of structure elements per area generated different raster frequencies provide the opportunity to superimpose the scanning frequencies with several raster frequencies, so that the probability of the formation of a moiré pattern can be significantly increased.
- the increase in the number of structural elements is accompanied by The effect of darkening the individual areas is avoided in that the predetermined size of the structural elements corresponds to a predetermined gray tone within an area, but that the predetermined sizes of the structural elements in the different areas can represent different gray tones depending on the number of structural elements in each area.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged representation of a halftone image with moiré-generating structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged representation of a halftone image with a moiré-producing structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 4a - 4b two attempts to copy the halftone image according to the invention of Fig. 3 and
- FIG. 5 shows an enlarged illustration of two structural elements which are shown according to a third advantageous embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 shows an enlarged detailed illustration of a portrait which, according to the present invention, is shown as a halftone image with a moiré-producing structure.
- the halftone image 10 is divided into different column-like strips 14, 16, 22, each of which has a number of structural elements 12. In the present embodiment, these are 23 strips, and this number can also be chosen higher or lower.
- Each strip 14, 16, 22 is assigned a number of linear structure elements 12, which form a grid structure in each column.
- the halftone image 10 is shown from the line-shaped structure elements 12, with a specific line thickness corresponding to a specific gray tone value of the halftone image 10 in each area.
- the vertical linear structure elements 12 can vary in their raster width and / or their angular position and / or their modulation.
- Each strip 14, 16, 22 each contains a predetermined number of structural elements 12, i.e. a predetermined number of lines based on the total portrait height.
- the line density is, for example, 20 lines per cm in the first strip 16.
- the first strip 16 contains 118 lines in the illustrated embodiment. This number of lines increases from strip to strip, so that the last strip 22 with 171 lines is present in the preferred embodiment shown.
- a different number of lines means a different raster frequency for each strip.
- the raster frequency increases in accordance with the increase in the number of structural elements 12 in each stripe from right to left. This results in each of the 23 streaks have a slightly different raster frequency, with at least one raster frequency or at least a predetermined number of raster frequencies when scanning or copying producing a clearly visible, prominent moiré pattern due to the superimposition with the scanning frequency of the scanner or copier.
- straight lines are used as structure elements, which are expanded symmetrically to represent a certain halftone, so that a certain thickness of the line can be assigned to a predetermined gray tone in each area.
- the lines are formed at an angle perpendicular to the division of the areas and can emphasize corners and edges of the halftone image in particular if the areas are selected such that areas that abut one another run along such a corner or edge.
- the halftone image can also be divided into areas of different shape or width and different area.
- the distances between the structural elements within a region can, as shown in FIG. 1, be constant or vary, the variation of the distances according to a predetermined function being particularly preferred.
- the columns 14, 16, 22 are spaced apart from one another by a predetermined width.
- the moiré-producing structure fits in more homogeneously, since direct contact of the moiré-producing structure of adjacent strips 14, 16, 22 is abrupt
- FIGS. 2a to 2d illustrate attempts to copy the halftone image of FIG. 1 with different settings of the copier.
- different moiré patterns occur at different scanning angles when copying at different locations on the halftone image 10, however, with every copy attempt, a moiré pattern occurs in some form at least in partial areas of the halftone image 10 clearly. This makes it immediately and clearly recognizable in a copy of the image of FIG. 1 compared to the original of FIG. 1 that a forgery has occurred by copying or scanning.
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged representation of a halftone image with a moiré-generating structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment corresponds to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, with the difference that the structural elements 12 in the areas 14 are not, as in the first embodiment of FIG. 1, arranged perpendicular to the division of the areas 14, but with respect to the vertical of FIG Column division are slightly tilted.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b represent two attempts at copying the halftone image of FIG. 3.
- the scanning process results in clearly visible moiré patterns during copying. 4a and 4b differ in that they have a different scanning angle when copying the halftone image from FIG. 3. It is immediately apparent that 14 different moiré patterns arise in different areas with different scanning grids during the copying process. Even without direct comparison with the halftone image of FIG. 3, it can be seen immediately and with the naked eye that FIGS. 4a and 4b are not original images but copies.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the moiré-generating raster in the halftone image 10 consists in additionally varying the tilt angle of the structural elements 12 within the halftone image 10. This prevents Moire generation during the copying process from being reduced or possibly prevented by appropriate selection of the scanning angle during copying.
- the Copier need not have any special facilities to implement the copy protection of the present invention.
- the moiré-generating structure according to the present invention responds to any type of copying process in that clearly visible, visible to the naked eye recognizable moiré patterns are created on the copy, which make it immediately identifiable as a copy.
- FIG. 5 shows an enlarged representation of two structural elements 18 analogous to the structural elements 12 from FIG. 1, which, however, are specially designed according to a third advantageous embodiment.
- the structure elements 18 themselves have raster lines 20 which generate a raster structure within the structure element 18.
- This raster structure itself can also have a color modulation for generating an image motif.
- the tonal value which is formed by the raster lines 20 can be realized particularly well in the steel printing process, since the depth of the steel print is a measure of the color saturation and thus there is the possibility of adjusting the tonal value of the structural element 18 via the raster lines 20.
- FIGS. 1 and 3 a combination of the two embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 3 with the third embodiment of FIG. 5 is possible such that a structural element 12 of the embodiment of FIG. 1 or 3 is represented according to a structural element 18 of the embodiment of FIG. 5.
- the halftone image 10 is divided into regions 14 in longitudinal columns, but it is certainly within the scope of the present invention to define the regions 14 as any surfaces, preferably also without a predetermined geometric shape, such as, for example Square, rectangle, triangle or the like.
- At least two adjacent, arbitrarily shaped surface areas differ according to the invention by the number of structural elements, such as lines, in a respective surface area and / or by the orientation of the structural elements in a surface area and / or by the shape of the structural elements in the respective surface area, such as, for example Lines in the form of straight lines, waves, guilloches or the like.
- the inner surfaces of a guilloche pattern can also be used as surface regions. Within these areas, the formation of a moiré pattern when copying is then generated or varied by varying the angles, varying the lines per area and / or by varying the type of line.
Landscapes
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
- Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Details Of Television Scanning (AREA)
- Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT97940149T ATE229441T1 (de) | 1996-09-03 | 1997-09-01 | Dokument mit moiremuster-erzeugender rasterstruktur |
DE59708947T DE59708947D1 (de) | 1996-09-03 | 1997-09-01 | Dokument mit Moiremuster-erzeugender Rasterstruktur |
US09/068,019 US6357800B1 (en) | 1996-09-03 | 1997-09-01 | Document with a moire-generating raster structure |
EP97940149A EP0858400B1 (de) | 1996-09-03 | 1997-09-01 | Dokument mit Moirémuster-erzeugender Rasterstruktur |
AU42085/97A AU4208597A (en) | 1996-09-03 | 1997-09-01 | Document with a moire-generating raster structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19635761A DE19635761A1 (de) | 1996-09-03 | 1996-09-03 | Dokument mit moirE-erzeugender Rasterstruktur |
DE19635761.6 | 1996-09-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998009825A1 true WO1998009825A1 (de) | 1998-03-12 |
Family
ID=7804526
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1997/004745 WO1998009825A1 (de) | 1996-09-03 | 1997-09-01 | Dokument mit moiré-erzeugender rasterstruktur |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6357800B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0858400B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE229441T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4208597A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2236326A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19635761A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2191118C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998009825A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001090906A1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2001-11-29 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | System and method for issuing electronic tickets |
EP1305719A1 (de) * | 2000-05-19 | 2003-05-02 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | Verfahren zum drucken elektronischer tickets |
US8528941B2 (en) | 2006-05-10 | 2013-09-10 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element having a laser marking |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2842460B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-10-08 | Arjo Wiggins | Document de securite protege contre la copie recto/verso |
DE10243863A1 (de) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-02-26 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Datenträger mit einem optisch variablen Element |
US20070029394A1 (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2007-02-08 | Wicker David M | Covert document system |
DE10346505A1 (de) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-01-05 | Eckelt Glas Gmbh | Lichtdurchlässige Scheibe mit Muster und optischem Effekt |
RU2268152C9 (ru) | 2004-08-11 | 2006-05-20 | Милимарекс Лимитед | Печатная продукция и способ ее изготовления (варианты) |
US10343436B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2019-07-09 | Viavi Solutions Inc. | Security device formed by printing with special effect inks |
LT5868B (lt) | 2010-12-30 | 2012-09-25 | Aleksej Zaicevskij | Techninės apsaugos būdas spausdintai produkcijai nuo kopijavimo apsaugoti |
RU2503767C1 (ru) * | 2012-10-23 | 2014-01-10 | Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Гознак" (Фгуп "Гознак") | Носитель информации, защищенный от подделки, и способ его изготовления |
US10560604B2 (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2020-02-11 | Hp Indigo B.V. | Halftone screens |
CN109249716B (zh) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-09-15 | 深圳市裕同包装科技股份有限公司 | 一种微透镜真彩色3d印刷图像的处理方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0204552A2 (de) * | 1985-06-05 | 1986-12-10 | THOMAS DE LA RUE & COMPANY LIMITED | Gegen unerlaubte Reproduktion gesicherte Druckstücke |
EP0353974A2 (de) * | 1988-08-03 | 1990-02-07 | KENRICK & JEFFERSON LIMITED | Kopierschutz für Mehrfarben-Dokumente |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US15486A (en) * | 1856-08-05 | Improved blank for bank-notes, bills | ||
FR2289992A1 (fr) * | 1974-10-31 | 1976-05-28 | Opi Metriservice Sa | Procede de coloration de surface |
US4582346A (en) * | 1984-05-08 | 1986-04-15 | Moore Business Forms, Inc. | Document security system |
JPS6186300A (ja) * | 1984-10-05 | 1986-05-01 | 株式会社 ワイゼン | ポスタ− |
US5074597A (en) * | 1987-01-13 | 1991-12-24 | The Lehigh Press, Inc. | Computerized method of generating film masters for embossing and printing color images |
NL192610C (nl) * | 1990-12-13 | 1997-11-04 | Enschede & Zonen Grafisch | Beelddrager en werkwijze voor het op een beelddrager drukken van een beeld. |
US5732163A (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 1998-03-24 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Angular alignment of structures using moire patterns |
DE4446368A1 (de) * | 1994-12-23 | 1996-06-27 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Datenträger mit einem optisch variablen Element |
US5987221A (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 1999-11-16 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Encoded orphan pixels for discriminating halftone data from text and line art data |
-
1996
- 1996-09-03 DE DE19635761A patent/DE19635761A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-09-01 RU RU98110275/12A patent/RU2191118C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-01 CA CA002236326A patent/CA2236326A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-09-01 DE DE59708947T patent/DE59708947D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-01 US US09/068,019 patent/US6357800B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-01 AT AT97940149T patent/ATE229441T1/de active
- 1997-09-01 WO PCT/EP1997/004745 patent/WO1998009825A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-09-01 EP EP97940149A patent/EP0858400B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-01 AU AU42085/97A patent/AU4208597A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0204552A2 (de) * | 1985-06-05 | 1986-12-10 | THOMAS DE LA RUE & COMPANY LIMITED | Gegen unerlaubte Reproduktion gesicherte Druckstücke |
EP0353974A2 (de) * | 1988-08-03 | 1990-02-07 | KENRICK & JEFFERSON LIMITED | Kopierschutz für Mehrfarben-Dokumente |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001090906A1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2001-11-29 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | System and method for issuing electronic tickets |
EP1297436A1 (de) * | 2000-05-19 | 2003-04-02 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | System und verfahren zum ausgeben elektronischer tickets |
EP1305719A1 (de) * | 2000-05-19 | 2003-05-02 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | Verfahren zum drucken elektronischer tickets |
EP1297436A4 (de) * | 2000-05-19 | 2007-10-03 | Pitney Bowes Inc | System und verfahren zum ausgeben elektronischer tickets |
EP1305719A4 (de) * | 2000-05-19 | 2009-05-06 | Pitney Bowes Inc | Verfahren zum drucken elektronischer tickets |
US8528941B2 (en) | 2006-05-10 | 2013-09-10 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element having a laser marking |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2191118C2 (ru) | 2002-10-20 |
CA2236326A1 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
US6357800B1 (en) | 2002-03-19 |
EP0858400B1 (de) | 2002-12-11 |
DE59708947D1 (de) | 2003-01-23 |
ATE229441T1 (de) | 2002-12-15 |
AU4208597A (en) | 1998-03-26 |
DE19635761A1 (de) | 1998-03-05 |
EP0858400A1 (de) | 1998-08-19 |
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