WO1998009434A1 - Procede permettant de rassembler des images separees - Google Patents

Procede permettant de rassembler des images separees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998009434A1
WO1998009434A1 PCT/CN1997/000085 CN9700085W WO9809434A1 WO 1998009434 A1 WO1998009434 A1 WO 1998009434A1 CN 9700085 W CN9700085 W CN 9700085W WO 9809434 A1 WO9809434 A1 WO 9809434A1
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Prior art keywords
image
split
images
stitching
brightness
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PCT/CN1997/000085
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Haixiang Sun
Original Assignee
Beijing Jinruiya Technology Development Co., Ltd.
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Publication date
Application filed by Beijing Jinruiya Technology Development Co., Ltd. filed Critical Beijing Jinruiya Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Priority to AU39372/97A priority Critical patent/AU3937297A/en
Publication of WO1998009434A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998009434A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H04N5/7475—Constructional details of television projection apparatus
    • H04N5/7491—Constructional details of television projection apparatus of head mounted projectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for stitching split images.
  • the current general method is to first divide it into multiple low-resolution small images, and then make them project and image multiple times to form a complete high-resolution large image. .
  • Japanese patent JP 3-41868 discloses a method of projecting a low-resolution image on a liquid crystal display through a lens onto a surface of a photosensitive material through a lens.
  • the photosensitive material is driven by a two-dimensional movement mechanism of the x and y axes. Each time the display is aimed at a different area on the photosensitive material, the exposure is successively framed, and finally a complete large high-resolution image is formed on the photosensitive material.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art mentioned above, and provide a method capable of eliminating bright lines or dark lines appearing between segmented images, and realizing the whole after stitching multi-segment images. Fragmented image stitching method for large images with good results.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by the following steps:
  • the image generating device, the lens and the imaging plane are in relative motion or are in a stationary state, and each time they are projected on a different area of the imaging plane to project images, so that each segmented image is stitched one by one to form the entire high resolution For large images, when stitching split images, the edge areas between the split images should be overlapped and stitched.
  • the width of the above edge area can be set to ⁇ 65536 pixels
  • the imaging surface is a photosensitive material or screen
  • the brightness adjustment element can be a film, an optical lens or a liquid crystal display
  • the split image is a small image or a line segment .
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the split image in the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3a is a schematic illustration of segmented image stitching in the prior art.
  • FIG. 3 b is a schematic diagram of an error that occurs when the prior art image equatorial web splicing.
  • Figure 4a is a schematic illustration of the split image stitching of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic view of a mosaic image stitching effect in the present invention.
  • Figure 4c is a schematic diagram of the ideal state of the split image stitching of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4d is a schematic diagram of the remote state of the split-image stitching according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4e is a schematic diagram of the stitching and approximation state of the split image according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of overlapping stitching of split images in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of line segment scanning and stitching in the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. 1- The best embodiment of the present invention
  • the controller (8) controls the framing image processor (6) to take out the entire image stored in the entire image buffer ( 5 ); 2 the controller ( 8 ) the framing image processor controlled (6) divides the entire image into two or more low-resolution framing images (1); 3 the controller ( 8 ) controls the edge area processor (,) as described above
  • the peripheral edge area ( 2 ) of each segmented image (1) is subjected to pixel brightness gradation processing, the brightness of the central area ( 2 ) remains unchanged, and the brightness of the edge area (3) follows the distance from the center.
  • the distance between the zones gradually decreases from near to far; 4 the controller (8) controls the two-dimensional (along X, ⁇ axis) driver ( 9 ), drives the motion mechanism (19), and causes the image in the dark box (18) to occur
  • the device (10), the lens (11) and the photosensitive material (12) placed on the imaging panel (U) make relative movements, and project images on different areas of the imaging plane each time, so that each segment image (1) One-by-one stitching to form the entire high-resolution large-scale image (as shown in Figure 5).
  • Picture framing edge region (3) between (1) overlap one another splice. Width of the edge region may be set to (say) 256 pixels.
  • FIG. 1 represents the number of pixels in the X-axis, the axis perpendicular thereto Indicates the luminance coefficient, the y-axis indicates the number of pixels, and the axis perpendicular thereto indicates the luminance coefficient.
  • the pixel brightness of the edge area of each framing image is subjected to gradation processing before the framing images are stitched.
  • the first processing method is through an electronic circuit (hardware method) or a computer program (software method).
  • the brightness of the pixels in each segmented image is processed.
  • the processing method is to not process the pixel brightness in the central area of the image, and maintain the original brightness value; the peripheral edge area is processed for the gradient of each pixel brightness, that is, each pixel in the edge area is multiplied by a brightness coefficient.
  • the coefficient gradually decreases with the distance from the central area from near to far, and its change rule is a linear or non-linear arbitrary curve.
  • the edge of a split image is divided into 100 pixels, the brightness coefficient of each pixel press from near to far from the center as 99%, 98%, 97%, 96% « 1% (see FIG. 4C); the second is by an electronic circuit, computer software, or other technologies
  • the second is by an electronic circuit, computer software, or other technologies
  • one or more brightness adjustment films are made.
  • the transparency of the center area is the highest, and the transparency of the peripheral area around the center area gradually decreases from near to far from the center area.
  • the brightness adjustment film is placed in the light path near the image.
  • the pixels in the edge area of the split image are adjusted by the light transmittance of each point on the brightness adjustment sheet to make the pixels in the center area of each split image
  • the brightness maintains the original brightness value, and the brightness of the surrounding edge area gradually decreases with the distance from the center area.
  • the width of the edge area can be from 1 to 65536 pixels.
  • the third is the stitching edge area of the two split images at line k-1
  • image distortion or position deviation occurs between the two images so that the two framing images are pushed closer, then at the kth position of one image and the k + 1th position of the other framing image
  • the brightness of the pixel increases slightly, and the brightness of other points in the overlapping part of the edge area also increases slightly. There will be no sudden change in brightness, and no obvious bright line will appear at the image stitching.
  • the brightness of the pixel at the k + 1th position of the C ′ frame image and the D + 1th frame image is slightly increased, and the brightness of other points in the overlapping portion of the edge area is also slightly increased, which will not appear. Sudden changes in brightness> see C 'and 4a, b D 'There are no obvious bright lines at the stitching and superposition between the split images.
  • the controller (8) installed in the computer (4) takes out the entire image stored in the entire image buffer ( 5 ); 2 the controller (8 ) Controlling the framing image processor (6) installed in the computer ( 4 ), dividing the entire image into two or more low-resolution line segments (20); 3 the controller (8) controlling the installation in the computer ( 4)
  • the edge area processor (7) in) performs pixel brightness gradation processing on the upper and lower edge segments of each line segment according to the first method described above. The brightness of the center of the line segment remains unchanged, and the brightness of the upper and lower edge segments varies with the center.
  • the distance of the area gradually decreases from near to far; 4 the controller ( 8 ) controls the two-dimensional (along X, Y axis) driver ( 9 ), drives the motion mechanism (19), so that the image in the dark box (18) occurs
  • the device (10), the lens (11) and the photosensitive material (12) placed on the imaging panel (13) perform a relatively continuous scanning movement, and each time a different area of the imaging surface is aligned to form an image segment by segment, And lower edge segments are overlapped and stitched one by one to form the entire high-resolution large-scale image (as shown in Figure 6) .
  • 1 First process the high-resolution whole image into two or more low-resolution sub-images; 2 First make a film or liquid crystal display film through the camera or electronic circuit to make its central area the highest transparency And the transparency of the peripheral area around the central area gradually decreases from near to far from the central area; 3 then place the film or liquid crystal display in the optical path near the image generating device or imaging surface; 4 the image generating device, The lens and the photosensitive material are moved relative to each other, and the image is projected at different areas of the image plane each time. At this time, the pixels in the edge area of each frame image are adjusted by the light transmittance adjustment of the call point on the film or liquid crystal display.
  • the brightness of the pixels in the central area of the image is maintained at the original value, and the brightness of the surrounding edge areas gradually decreases with the distance from the central area.
  • the edge areas of each framed image overlap and stitch together one by one to form the entire image. High resolution large image.
  • the split image (1) when the imaging plane is the screen (17), the split image (1)
  • the stitching method is that more than two image generating devices (10) and lenses (11) and the screen ( ⁇ ) are in a static state, and the edge area (3) between two or more split images (1) overlap each other (see Figure 7 ).
  • ", B, c, d) and simultaneously project the entire high-resolution large-scale image.
  • the other steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • the present invention can be widely applied to the recording and display of color images.

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  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)

Description

分幅图像的拼接方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种分幅图象的拼接方法.
背景技术
为了记录或显示一幅高分辨率大幅图像， 目前一般采用的方法是 先将它分割成多幅低分辨率小幅图像， 再使它们多次投影成像， 以形成 一幅完整的高分辨率大幅图像.
日本专利 JP 3 - 41868公开的一种方法是用投影灯将液晶显示器 上的低分辨率图像通过镜头投射到感光材料表面上成像. 感光材料在 x 、 y轴二维运动机构的驱动下， 液晶显示器每次对准感光材料上的不 同区域， 逐次分幅曝光， 最终在感光材料上形成完整的大幅高分辨率图 像.
由于该专利是将小块分幅图像直接拼接， 在实际应用中， 显示器 和镜头的误差会使分幅图象边缘产生凸凹变形. 机械装置也会使分幅图 象产生位置偏差。 这都会造成在相邻分幅图象的拼接缝处产生明显的亮 线或暗线. 如图 3a所示， A 、 B两个分幅图象是理想拼接状态. 当由 于上述两种原因造成两个分幅图象之间的距离被拉远时（即图 34a中的 B 、 C分幅图象）， 则两个分幅图象之间的成象面因未能曝光而出现暗 线（见图 3b的 B 、 C分幅图象相接处） 。 当由于上述两种原因造成两 个分幅图象之间的距离被推近时（即图 3a中的（ 、 D分幅图象） ， 则 两个分幅图象之间的成象面重叠部分因两次曝光而产生亮线（见图 3b 的（：、 D分幅图象相接处） .
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术中的不足之处， 提供一种能消 除分幅图象之间出现的亮线或暗线， 实现多分幅图象拼接后能形成整体 效果好的大幅图象的分幅图象拼接方法.
本发明的目的是通过下列步稞实现的：
1·先将高分辨率整幅图象处理为两个以上的低分辨率分幅图象；
2.通过电子电路、 软件程序或亮度调整元件（如光学镜头、 亮度调 整片或液晶显示器等） 将分幅图象的四周边缘区进行象素亮度渐变处 理；
3.图象发生装置、 镜头与成象面做相对运动或处于静止状态， 每次 对准成象面的不同区域投影成象， 使每幅分幅图象逐一拼接， 形成整幅 高分辨率大幅图象， 当做分幅图象拼接时， 应使分幅图象之间的边缘区 相互重叠拼接.
4.上述边缘区的宽度可以设置为〗 ~ 65536个象素，成象面为感光 材料或屏幕， 亮度调整元件可以为胶片、 光学镜头或液晶显示器， 分幅 图象为小块图象或线段.
附图说明
图 1是本发明中的分幅图象示意图.
图 2是本发明的一个实施例的示意图.
图 3a是现有技术中的分幅图象拼接示意图 .
图 3b是现有技术中分幅图象拼接时出现的误差的示意图.
图 4a是本发明的分幅图象拼接示意图.
图 4b是本发明中的分幅图象拼接效果示意图。
图 4c是本发明的分幅图象拼接理想状态示意图.
图 4d是本发明的分幅图象拼接拉远状态示意图。
图 4e是本发明的分幅图象拼接推近状态示意图。
图 5是本发明中的分幅图象重叠拼接示意图.
图 6是本发明中的线段扫描拼接示意图。
图 7是本发明的另一个实施例的示意图. 1 - 本发明的最佳实施方案
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明.
实施例 1
如图 1、 2、 5所示， ①控制器（ 8 )控制分幅图象处理器（ 6 ) 将存 ί&在整幅图象緩存器（ 5 ) 中的整幅图象取出； ②控制器（ 8 )控 制的分幅图象处理器（ 6 )把整幅图象分成两个以上低分辨率分幅图象 ( 1 ) ； ③控制器（ 8 )控制边缘区处理器（ ， )按上述第一种方法， 将每幅分幅图象（ 1 ) 的四周边缘区（ 2 )进行象素亮度渐变处理， 中 心区 （ 2 ) 的亮度保持不变， 边缘区 （ 3 ) 的亮度随离中心区的距离由 近至远逐渐变小；④控制器（ 8 )控制二维（沿 X、 Υ轴）驱动器（ 9 )， 驱动运动机构（ 19 ) ， 使在暗箱 （ 18 ) 中的图象发生装置（ 10 ) 、 镜头（ 11 )与置于成象面板（ U )上的感光材料（ 12 )做相对运动， 每次对准成象面的不同区域投影成象，使每幅分幅图象（ 1 )逐一拼接， 形成整幅高分辨大幅图象（如图 5所示）， 当做分幅图象（ 1 )拼接时， 应使分幅图象（ 1 )之间的边缘区 （ 3 )相互重叠拼接. 边缘区的宽度 可以设置为（比方说） 256个象素. 图 1 中 X轴表示象素数， 与之垂直 的轴表示亮度系数， Υ轴表示象素数， 与之垂直的轴表示亮度系数。
在上述的实施例中， 在分幅图象拼接以前对每幅分幅图象边缘区 的象素亮度作渐变处理. 处理的方法一是通过电子电路（硬件方法）或 计算机程序（软件方法） 对每幅分幅图象中的象素亮度进行处理。 处理 方法是图象中心区的象素亮度不作处理， 保持原亮度值； 其四周边缘区 作每个象素亮度的渐变处理， 即将边缘区的每个象素都与一个亮度系数 相乘， 亮度系数随离中心区的距离由近至远逐渐变小， 其变化规律呈线 性或非线性的任意曲线变化. 如将分幅图象的边缘区分为 100 个象素， 每个象素的亮度系数按离中心区从近至远定为 99 %、 98 %、 97 %、 96 %…… 1 % (见图 4c )； 二是通过电子电路、 计算机软件或其他技 术先制做一幅或多幅亮度调整片， 它的中心区透明度最高， 而中心区四 周边缘区的透明度随离中心区由近至远逐渐减小， 然后将亮度调整片置 于光路中靠近图象发生装置或成象面处， 再进行分幅图象投影成象时， 分幅图象边缘区的像素受亮度调整片上各点透光率的调整使每分幅图象 的中心区象素亮度保持原亮度值， 其四周边缘区的亮度随离中心区的距 离由近至远逐渐变小， 边缘区的宽度可以是 1 ~ 65536个象素. 然后， 将每幅分幅图象进行重叠拼接.
按上述措施进行分幅图象拼接时会出现以下三种状况： 一是理想 拼接状态， 两个分幅图象之间未出现图象变形和 /或位置偏差， 则在重叠 拼接边缘区的第 1行时的象素亮度为两个分幅图象在该行相应点的亮度 之和（见图 4c中的 A ' 和 B ' 分幅图象）； 二是两幅分幅图象在第 j 行的拼接边缘区重叠时， 图象之间出现图象变形或位置偏差而使两个分 幅图象被拉远时， 则在一个分幅图象的第 j+1和另一分幅图象第 j+n的 位置上的象素亮度减少， 而边缘区重叠部分其它各点的亮度是两幅图象 在相应各点错位后的加权平均值， 拼接处清晰度略降低， 但不会使图象 出现明显的暗线. 如图 4d ' 中 B ' 分幅图象的第 j+1和 C ' 分幅图象 第 j+100的位置上的象素亮度减少了 1 %， 而边缘区重叠部分其它各点 的亮度是两幅图象在相应各点错位后的加权平均值， 拼接处清晰度略降 低， 但不会使图象拼接处出现明显的暗线， 见图 4a、 b的 B ' 和 C ' 分幅图象之间叠加处. 三是两幅分幅图象在第 k-1行的拼接边缘区重叠 时， 图象之间出现图象变形或位置偏差而使两个分幅图象被推近时， 则 在一个幅图象的第 k和另一分幅图象第 k+1的位置上的象素亮度略微增 加， 而边缘区重叠部分其它各点的亮度也略微增加， 不会出现亮度突变， 图象拼接处不会出现明显的亮线。 如图 中 C ' 分幅图象的第 k和 D ' 分幅图象第 k+1的位置上的象素亮度略微增加， 而边缘区重叠部分其 它各点的亮度也略微增加， 不会出现亮度突变 > 见图 4a、 b的 C ' 和 D ' 分幅图象之间拼接叠加处未出现明显的亮线.
实施例 2
如图 1 、 2、 6所示， ①装在计算机（ 4 ) 中的控制器（ 8 )将 存 ^在整幅图象緩存器（ 5 ) 中的整幅图象取出； ②控制器（ 8 )控制 装在计算机（ 4 ) 中的分幅图象处理器（ 6 ) , 把整幅图象分割为两个 以上低分辨率线段（ 20 )； ③控制器（ 8 )控制装在计算机（ 4 ) 中 的边缘区处理器（ 7 )按上述第一种方法对每线段的上下两边缘段进行 象素亮度渐变处理， 线段中央的亮度保持不变， 其上、 下边缘段的亮度 随离中心区的距离由近至远逐渐变小；④控制器（ 8 )控制二维（沿 X、 Y轴）驱动器（ 9 ) , 驱动运动机构（ 19 ) , 使在暗箱 （ 18 ) 中的图 象发生装置（ 10 ) 、 镜头（ 11 ) 与置于成象面板（ 13 ) 上的感光材 料（ 12 )做相对连续扫描运动， 每次对准成象面的不同区域逐段成象， 线段之间上、 下边缘段逐一重叠拼接， 形成整幅高分辨率大幅图象（如 图 6所示） .
实施
①先将高分辨率整幅图象处理为两个或两个以上的低分辨率分幅 图象； ②通过照相或电子电路先做一幅胶片或液晶显示片， 使它的中心 区透明度最高， 而中心区四周边缘区的透明度随离中心区由近至远逐渐 减小； ③然后将胶片或液晶显示片置于光路中靠近图象发生装置或成象 面处； ④图象发生装置、 镜头与感光材料做相对运动， 每次对准成象面 的不同区域投影成象， 此时， 每分幅图象边缘区的像素受胶片或液晶显 示片上呼点透光率的调整使每分幅图象的中心区象素亮度保持原亮度 值， 其四周边缘区的亮度随离中心区的距离由近至远逐渐变小， 每幅分 幅图象的边缘区重叠逐一拼接， 形成整幅高分辨率大幅图象.
实施例 4
如图 1、 7所示， 所说的成象面为屏幕（ 17 )时， 分幅图象（ 1 ) 拼接方式是两个以上图象发生装置（ 10 )和镜头（ 11 ) 与屏幕（ Π ) 处于静止状态， 两个以上的分幅图象（ 1 )间边缘区 （ 3 )相互重叠（见 图 7的》、 b、 c、 d ) , 同时投影成整幅高分辨率大幅图象. 其它步 猓同实施例 1 .
工业应用性
使用本发明的上述实施例消除分幅图象之间出现的亮线或暗线， 所形成的大幅图象整体效果好。 因此， 本发明可广泛应用于彩色图象的 记录和显示.

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种分幅图象拼接方法， 先将高分辨率整幅图象处理为两个或两 个以上的低分辨率分幅图象， 然后图象发生装置、 镜头与成象面做相对 运动或处于静止状态， 每次对准成象面的不同区域投影成象， 使每幅分 幅图象逐一拼接， 形成整幅高分辨大幅图象， 其特征在于： 在拼接分幅 图象之前， 先将每幅分幅图象的四周边缘区进行象素亮度渐变处理， 当 做分幅图象拼接时， 应使分幅图象之间的边缘区相互重叠拼接.
2. 根据权利要求 1所说的分幅图象拼接方法， 其特征在于： 所说的 象素亮度渐变处理是通过软件处理或硬件技术来进行.
3. 根据权利要求 1 所说的分幅图象拼接方法， 其特征在于： 所说的 分幅图象四周边缘区进行象素亮度渐变处理的方法是先确定每分幅图象 的中心区， 其象素亮度保持一固定亮度值， 再将中心区的四周边缘区的 每个象素都与一个亮度系数相乘， 亮度系数随离中心区的距离由近至远 逐渐变小， 其变化规律呈线性或非线性任意曲线变化， 边缘区的宽度可 以是 1 ~ 65536个象素.
4. 根据权利要求 1 所说的分幅图象拼接方法， 其特征在于： 所说的 分幅图象四周边缘区进行象素亮度渐变处理的方法是先做一幅或一幅以 上亮度调整元件， 所述亮度调整元件的中心区透明度最高， 而中心区四 周边缘区的透明度随离中心区由近至远逐渐减小， 然后将亮度调整元件 置于靠近图象发生装置或成象面处， 在进行分幅图象投影成象时， 分幅 图象边缘区的像素受亮度调整元件上各点透光率的， 调整使每分幅图象 的中心工象素亮度保持原亮度值， 其四周边缘区的亮度随离中心区的距 离由近至远逐渐变小， 边缘区的宽度可以是 1 ~ 65536个象素， 亮度调 整元件为胶片、 光学镜头、 液晶显示器等.
5. 根据权利要求 1或 3说的分幅图象拼接方法， 其特征在于： 上述 成象面为感光材料或屏幕.
6. 根据权利要求 1或 4说的分幅图象拼接方法， 其特征在于： 上述 成象面为感光材料或屏幕。
7， 根据权利要求 5说的分幅图象拼接方法， 其特征在于：所说的成象 面为屏幕时， 分幅图象拼接方式是两个以上图象发生装置和镜头与屏幕 处于静止状态， 两个以上的分幅图象间边缘区相互重叠 ， 同时投影成整 幅高分辨率大幅图象.
8. 根据权利要求 6说的分幅图象拼接方法， 其特征在于：所说的成象 面为屏幕时， 分幅图象拼接方式是两个以上图象发生装置和镜头与屏幕 处于静止状态， 两个以上的分幅图象间边缘区相互重叠 ， 同时投影成整 幅高分辨率大幅图象.
9. 根据权利要求 1或 3说的分幅图象拼接方法， 其特征在于：上述的 分幅图象被处理为一条线段， 之后对每线段的上下两边缘段进行象素亮 度渐变处理， 最后图象发生装置、 镜头与成象面做相对连续扫描运动， 每次对准成象面的不同区域逐段成象， 线段之间上、 下边缘段逐一重叠 拼接， 形成整幅高分辨率大幅图象， 成象面为感光材料.
PCT/CN1997/000085 1996-08-26 1997-08-26 Procede permettant de rassembler des images separees WO1998009434A1 (fr)

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