WO1997027444A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gefechtssimulation mit mindestens einem real in einer umgebung bzw. gelände operierenden beweglichen waffensystem und einem quasi ortsfesten simulator - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gefechtssimulation mit mindestens einem real in einer umgebung bzw. gelände operierenden beweglichen waffensystem und einem quasi ortsfesten simulator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997027444A1 WO1997027444A1 PCT/EP1997/000335 EP9700335W WO9727444A1 WO 1997027444 A1 WO1997027444 A1 WO 1997027444A1 EP 9700335 W EP9700335 W EP 9700335W WO 9727444 A1 WO9727444 A1 WO 9727444A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weapon
- weapon system
- simulator
- simulated
- sight
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A33/00—Adaptations for training; Gun simulators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
- F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
- F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
- F41G3/2622—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile
- F41G3/2644—Displaying the trajectory or the impact point of a simulated projectile in the gunner's sight
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
- F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
- F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
- F41G3/2694—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating a target
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an associated device for combat simulation with at least one movable weapon system that actually operates in an environment or terrain and a quasi-stationary simulator.
- Battlefield simulators for realistic training of certain tactical situations with the aid of computer representations are known.
- troops practicing in the field their tasks and movements are coupled with troop or combat vehicles simulated by a computer in order to represent neighbors or opponents in this way.
- the real practitioners can feel the effect of friendly or opposing troops, but cannot perceive them visually and support or combat them. fen. So far it has not been possible to make the simulated troops visible to the crew of real weapon systems. For this reason it has been necessary to separate battles with real an d simulated troops each other, whereby essential che restrictions are given gen in the planning and execution ofThun ⁇ .
- the most important basic idea of the invention is that a simulated target object image is generated which is faded into existing optics or optronic visual devices of the real weapon systems of real troops, so that these real troops are able to realistically carry out the activities of the simulated troops to experience and pursue.
- the target-object image is displayed in the correct direction, in terms of distance, dimensions, position and event as a target silhouette in the optics of the real vehicle or the real weapon system.
- the exact positioning of the virtual target is crucial for a highly precise determination of the location and the direction of the observation and target means. depends, a highly accurate position and azimuth elevation direction measurement of the weapon system, preferably by using a cross-correlated differential GPS and supplementary or alternative detection of the azimuth elevation direction from a gyro system.
- the target object is displayed in the correct size depending on the object distance and the line of sight to the observer, i.e. to the weapon system.
- there is a horizontal movement of the object in the eyepiece of an optical system used for example, depending on the object direction, based on the viewing direction of the optical system.
- the vertical movement of the object in the eyepiece is guaranteed depending on the vertical movement of the optics.
- optical visual conditions or lines of sight are continuously calculated between the movable weapon system and the simulator, it is possible to generate the target object image as a function of the real visual conditions, the terrain structure and weather conditions.
- the mutual transmission of position, shot event and failure signal or information can be used to train a mutual fight in the manner of a duel.
- a complete bilateral duel situation is possible in the mutual fight between a simulated and a real weapon system, using the information for the firing and the transmission of the hit.
- the target failure is displayed on the simulator side by varying the tactical symbol shown there and in the optics or in the optronic viewing device of the weapon system in the real vehicle by changing the displayed object image on the video side.
- the calculation of lines of sight necessary for an optimal combat simulation takes place on the basis of a digitized terrain model and can be carried out externally on the part of the simulator, the visual calculations being transmitted to the real weapon system by means of telemetric devices.
- the line-of-sight calculation can also be carried out on-board in the operating mobile weapon system, in which case delays in the data transmission by radio are excluded in an advantageous manner, and overall the accuracy and speed, based on the concrete viewing angle of the respective optics of the real one Weapons system can be increased.
- the highly precise determination of the position and direction of the freely operating weapon system and the determination of the weapon angle or a line of sight of a sight or target device in space is carried out either by using a cross-correlated differential GPS or by a combination of the latter with a detection of the Azimuth and elevation direction of the weapon by means of a gyro system, for example by data transfer from the fire control system.
- two GPS receivers are arranged along the tube core axis of a weapon of the movable weapon system. The data determined in this way, including the alternatively or additionally determined elevation direction of the weapon, are transmitted to the on-board computer of the weapon system, which then determines the position and direction in azimuth and elevation according to algorithms known per se.
- the inventive fade-in of the simulated object (s) in the correct position, size and position and depending on the implementation of the visibility calculation takes place against the real background of the weapon system operating in the field or the like, with the background field view of the weapon system-internal optics or the optronic viewing device is retained.
- an on-board computer is used according to the invention which, in addition to the actual calculation of the parameters for the display of the symbol and the symbol output (target object image), the task of communication with a computing unit for evaluating the GPS data and that has communication with the bidirectional data transmission telemetry unit that keeps the connection to the simulator.
- the turret direction of the real vehicle which in the case of the movable weapon system is based on a main battle tank, the turret direction of the real vehicle, the position of the real vehicle, the elevation of the viewing direction, which corresponds to the elevation of the barrel of the weapon, and the height of the real vehicle above normal zero, the position of the simulated vehicle (simulator), the height of the simulated vehicle above normal zero, the distance between the real vehicle and the simulated vehicle, the angle at which the real vehicle sees the simulated vehicle and the line of sight between the real ⁇ vehicle and simulated vehicle evaluated.
- the tower direction and the position of the real vehicle as well as the elevation of the viewing direction and the height of the real vehicle above normal zero are supplied by the computing device, which evaluates the GPS data.
- a representation of the target object image in the optics of the weapon system, i.e. of the real vehicle is given according to the invention when there is a visual connection based on the visual calculation that has been carried out
- Turret angle in the battle tank embodiment corresponds, for example, within ⁇ 4 ° to the angle at which the real vehicle sees the simulated vehicle and the elevation angle inside half of, for example, ⁇ 4 ° corresponds to the angle at which the real vehicle sees the simulated vehicle.
- the communication between the simulator and the mobile weapon system takes place via the above-mentioned bidirectional data transmission telemetry units, which are used for sending and receiving position, shot events, failure signals and visual information.
- the method according to the invention and the associated device enable a so-called live simulation to be linked to a virtual simulation.
- live simulation crews are in real vehicles, ships or the like and move in real terrain or in a real environment. The site itself is instructed.
- the simulation portion is essentially limited to the simulation of the weapon effect.
- the crews are in or in front of a simulator that realistically represents a weapon system.
- the battlefield itself is synthetic.
- Several simulators can be coupled, with the crews fighting against one another or together against a computer-generated enemy.
- an additional exchange and comparison of information such as the state of the real vehicle, position of the real vehicle in real terrain, shot notification of the real vehicle, state of the simulated vehicle, position of the simulated vehicle in the digital terrain, beginning and end of the theoretical view from the real vehicle to the simulated vehicle, direction and movement behavior of the trough of the real vehicle and the shot of the simulated vehicle.
- the additional simulated representation of neighbors and opponents against a real background is particularly advantageous, so that a restriction of the scenario design is not necessary.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the device for carrying out the combat simulation method in a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows an expanded device for combat simulation according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram for determining the highly precise position and angle determination on the movable weapon system that is actually operating in the terrain; 4a and 4b representations of activities and events in a duel between simulator (red) and real weapon system (blue);
- Figure 5 is a view through the internal weapon system optics of the operating weapon system against a real background.
- FIG. 1 represents a block diagram of the device according to the invention.
- the device according to the first exemplary embodiment essentially consists of two components, namely the area simulation 1 and the area vehicle, which comprises the stationary vehicle base 2 and the mobile part 3 of the vehicle.
- the data are transmitted in a predetermined protocol on an optical fiber link, the vehicle base 2 and the mobile part 3 of the vehicle being transmitted over a radio link, i.e. telemetric, communicate with each other.
- a radio link i.e. telemetric
- a personal computer is provided as the simulation computer 4, which contains the corresponding software components of the simulation which are necessary for displaying the position and for controlling the visual computer 5.
- the visual computer 5 is located in the area of simulation 1, the results of the visual line computer 5 reaching the vehicle base 2 via the simulation computer 4 and from there via a modem to the bidirectional data transmission telemetry unit 6, both of which Vehicle base 2 is present as well as in the mobile part of vehicle 3 and is thus available to the mobile weapon system operating in the field.
- the result can also be obtained with correspondingly powerful bidirectional data transmission telemetry units 6 the simulation are sent from the simulation computer 4 to the mobile part 3 .
- a central computer 7 processes the data delivered via radio, ie via the bidirectional data transmission telemetry units 6, determines visibility data and delivers the result back to the vehicle so that a simulated target object image can be faded in there.
- Known radio units 8 are used to handle radio traffic between the vehicle base 2 and the mobile part 3.
- a stationary GPS station 9 the position of which has been determined with high accuracy, serves as a reference source for a known satellite-based positioning method DGPS.
- the relevant data of the reference GPS station 9 are transmitted to a receiver 10 in the mobile part 3 via a corresponding modem and with the aid of a radio link.
- the GPS antennas of the GPS receiver 11 arranged, for example, along the barrel core axis on the weapon muzzle and on the weapon shield of a weapon serve to determine the azimuth and elevation of the weapon and the position of the weapon system in cooperation with the GPS reference data.
- a first on-board computer 12 With a first on-board computer 12, a highly precise position and direction measurement in the azimuth of the weapon system and a detection of the elevation direction are then carried out on the basis of the DGPS information.
- the position determination system used is a cross-correlated differential GPS, which enables an exact determination of the coordinates of the location in the area of approximately 3 cm in real time.
- the arrangement of the GPS receivers 11 along the tube core axis on the tower of the mobile part 3 enables an exact determination of the observation and firing direction in the range of approximately 7.5 lines in real time.
- the direction of elevation of the weapon can be detected using an inclinometer (see FIG. 2) and the azimuth can be obtained from an in-vehicle navigation system or from a gyro system. The latter data then reach the first on-board computer 12 (FIG. 2).
- the position and direction data determined by the first on-board computer 12 are fed to a second on-board computer 13, which in turn is connected to the bidirectional data transmission telemetry unit 6 arranged on the mobile part 3.
- the task of the second on-board computer 13 is to calculate and display the simulated target, taking into account the visibility, the size, the direction and the possible loss of the target on hits.
- a VGA signal is received, which arrives at a monitor 14 which fades in a target object image into the beam path of an optical system (commander's periscope) present in the mobile part.
- an optical system commander's periscope
- Shot button 15 is provided, with which the simulation of a weapon operation on the part of the mobile part 3 is possible.
- the shot information is returned to the simulator 1 via the second on-board computer 13 and the bidirectional data transmission telemetry units 6.
- a computer-operated data link "PDU for DIS" 20 and 21 is provided, which communicates via an optical fiber cable.
- PDU for DIS Protocol Data Unit for Distributed Interactive Simulation
- Additional simulators 1 or other movable real weapon systems can be connected to carry out extensive exercises via the PDU-for-DIS route.
- An operating data acquisition system 22 is connected to the computer 7, which is arranged in the vehicle base 2, and receives data for processing the azimuth angle of a vehicle navigation system 25 via a radio link 23, 24.
- the components 26 and 27 are part of the standard equipment of an experimental combat training system and are used for position detection independent of the GPS receivers 11.
- the inclinometer 28 already mentioned in the explanation of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 serves to determine the elevation angle of the weapon or, in the operating mode "commander leads main weapon", also to determine the line of sight of a sight or target device, not shown.
- components already present in the operating weapon system can also be used to increase the accuracy of the position and direction determination in order to implement the simulation method.
- the output signals of the vehicle navigation system 25 it is possible to carry out a meaningful interpretation in the event of the GPS receiver 11 failing, so that the overall operability of the system is retained.
- a vehicle navigation system 30 (corresponds to 25 according to FIG. 2) is provided, which interacts with the already mentioned on-board computer 34 via a standardized interface.
- the GPS antennas 31, 32 which are preferably arranged at a maximum distance along the barrel core axis of the weapon system, provide output signals which, in conjunction with reference signals from the stationary GPS receiver 33, enable the on-board computer 34 to position, the height, the azimuth and also the elevation to determine the weapon system.
- the transmission path 35 shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to that of the figures 1 and 2 explained communication connection between the base GPS 9 and the receiver 10 arranged in the mobile part 3.
- the position and angle data are then fed to a second on-board computer 36, which corresponds to the on-board computer 13 according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- This second on-board computer 36 in turn provides a video signal for target insertion.
- GPS receivers 31 and 32 which receive correction data from the basic GPS 33 via a telemetry link.
- the location of the base GPS 33 is precisely measured and known.
- the GPS receivers 31 and 32 pass on their data via the aforementioned, preferably V24 interface, to the first on-board computer 34 arranged in the vehicle.
- the vehicle navigation system 30 determines the position in UTM (Universal Transversal Mercator Projection) and the angle, based on the north grid.
- UTM Universal Transversal Mercator Projection
- FIGS. 4a and 4b it is to be explained how mutual exchange of information and combat within the framework of a combat exercise is possible with the mutual data exchange between weapon system and simulator (system blue and system red), and how the corresponding events are presented.
- the real weapon system operating in the terrain is released by means of the shot button 15 (FIGS. 1 and 4)
- Figure 2 a shot event, which is signaled by pyrotechnics attached to the vehicle.
- the vehicle in the simulator which is identified by a tactical symbol, is removed or provided with a corresponding X symbol.
- the shot event triggered by the real weapon system is shown in the simulator illuminated by the flashing of the tactical symbol and by a line of fire.
- the tactical symbol flashes in the latter and a corresponding shot line is shown in the direction of the target.
- the tactical symbol of the real vehicle is changed in the simulator, i.e. marked with an X or otherwise marked as destroyed.
- a shot can be fired in the real weapon system by lighting up or
- Flashing of the simulated target object image in the monitor i.e. in the weapon system internal optics.
- a hit triggered by the simulated object, is triggered by an all-round light that is on the real one
- Weapon system is arranged, and clearly by a signal tone.
- hits and failure events can be recorded via the computer 7 (FIG. 2) and taken into account for later evaluation.
- FIG. 5 it is to be shown according to one embodiment how the image in the eyepiece of a weapon-internal optics is represented at approximately 8 times magnification.
- the faded-in, simulated target object image simulates a Leopard main battle tank and is about 500 m away in the transverse position.
- the contrast of the target display to the terrain depends on the brightness of the terrain and thus on the time of day and the position of the sun and can be adapted and optimized by inserting filters in front of the lens of the internal weapon system optics or by electronic means.
- the target display is adapted to the given opening angle, 8 ° in the example shown.
- a target is only shown if a line of sight calculation has shown that there is a view of the target.
- the azimuth position of the target in the image can be determined and displayed every second.
- a target positioning in elevation takes place every second.
- the step size for the height of the target above sea level is approx. 0.2 m.
- the step size which is specified by GPS angle, only the resolution of the monitor that represents the target is decisive.
- the size of the target is changed by a corresponding factor.
- the target state is initially represented in the form of an intact target or in the form of a failed target, by a symbol without a tower, a shooting target appearing flashing frontally. It is within the meaning of the present exemplary embodiments that diverse variations of the target representation, e.g. for the simulation of battles on land, on water and in the air.
- the simulated target object image is faded into the weapon system-internal optics. This is possible, for example, by means of a special adapter which has a color monitor which can be used directly or via a video editing receives the corresponding video signal from the on-board computer.
- the color monitor including imaging optics which may have a deflecting mirror, is arranged outside and is only integrated into the beam path of the weapon optics through an opening provided in the factory, for example by using a semi-transparent mirror becomes.
- the color monitor can be a cathode ray or an LCD display, and in the latter case the LCD display can also be arranged directly in the beam path or in front of the eyepiece of the weapon optics.
- the weapon optics are optronic components, e.g. based on a camera system in the visible and / or infrared range, then there is the possibility of electronically fading in the target object image into the terrain sections captured by the optronic arrangement.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97902221A EP0876577A1 (de) | 1996-01-26 | 1997-01-24 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gefechtssimulation mit mindestens einem real in einer umgebung bzw. gelände operierenden beweglichen waffensystem und einem quasi ortsfesten simulator |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19602799.3 | 1996-01-26 | ||
DE19602799 | 1996-01-26 | ||
DE19606685A DE19606685C2 (de) | 1996-01-26 | 1996-02-22 | System zur Gefechtssimulation mit einem frei operierenden Kampffahrzeug und einem quasi ortsfesten Objektsimulator |
DE19606685.9 | 1996-02-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997027444A1 true WO1997027444A1 (de) | 1997-07-31 |
Family
ID=26022392
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1997/000335 WO1997027444A1 (de) | 1996-01-26 | 1997-01-24 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gefechtssimulation mit mindestens einem real in einer umgebung bzw. gelände operierenden beweglichen waffensystem und einem quasi ortsfesten simulator |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0876577A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2242169A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997027444A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19806911A1 (de) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-09-02 | Oerlikon Contraves Gmbh | Verfahren zur Überwachung der Ausichtung einer Artilleriewaffe |
DE102015105070A1 (de) | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | Rheinmetall Defence Electronics Gmbh | Vorrichtung und System zur Darstellung von Treffern von Geschossen und/oder Raketen sowie Verfahren dazu |
US11310027B2 (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2022-04-19 | Safran Data Systems | Method of date-stamping telemetry signals |
EP3019968B1 (de) | 2013-07-12 | 2022-11-23 | Bae Systems Hägglunds Aktiebolag | System und verfahren zum verarbeiten von taktischen informationen in kampffahrzeugen |
Citations (8)
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FR2536847A1 (fr) * | 1982-11-30 | 1984-06-01 | Thomson Csf | Simulateur d'entrainement au tir au canon de petit calibre sur cibles simulees |
EP0118604A2 (de) * | 1982-11-16 | 1984-09-19 | Brunswick Corporation | Visueller Zielsimulator für Übungen im Freien |
US4585418A (en) * | 1982-11-19 | 1986-04-29 | Honeywell Gmbh | Method for simulation of a visual field of view |
FR2593595A1 (fr) * | 1986-01-28 | 1987-07-31 | Barr & Stroud Ltd | Systeme d'entrainement d'artillerie |
EP0234542A2 (de) * | 1986-02-25 | 1987-09-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Flugzielsimulationseinrichtung |
DE4026207A1 (de) * | 1990-08-18 | 1992-02-20 | Telefunken Systemtechnik | Verfahren zur darstellung der gefechtsfelddaten von mindestens zwei an einer militaerischen uebung teilnehmenden fahrzeugen |
US5256066A (en) * | 1991-03-14 | 1993-10-26 | Larussa Joseph | Hybridized target acquisition trainer |
US5382958A (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1995-01-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Time transfer position location method and apparatus |
-
1997
- 1997-01-24 EP EP97902221A patent/EP0876577A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-01-24 CA CA 2242169 patent/CA2242169A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-01-24 WO PCT/EP1997/000335 patent/WO1997027444A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (8)
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EP0118604A2 (de) * | 1982-11-16 | 1984-09-19 | Brunswick Corporation | Visueller Zielsimulator für Übungen im Freien |
US4585418A (en) * | 1982-11-19 | 1986-04-29 | Honeywell Gmbh | Method for simulation of a visual field of view |
FR2536847A1 (fr) * | 1982-11-30 | 1984-06-01 | Thomson Csf | Simulateur d'entrainement au tir au canon de petit calibre sur cibles simulees |
FR2593595A1 (fr) * | 1986-01-28 | 1987-07-31 | Barr & Stroud Ltd | Systeme d'entrainement d'artillerie |
EP0234542A2 (de) * | 1986-02-25 | 1987-09-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Flugzielsimulationseinrichtung |
DE4026207A1 (de) * | 1990-08-18 | 1992-02-20 | Telefunken Systemtechnik | Verfahren zur darstellung der gefechtsfelddaten von mindestens zwei an einer militaerischen uebung teilnehmenden fahrzeugen |
US5256066A (en) * | 1991-03-14 | 1993-10-26 | Larussa Joseph | Hybridized target acquisition trainer |
US5382958A (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1995-01-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Time transfer position location method and apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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BURDICK C. D. ET AL.: "SEAMLESS SIMULATION MIXING LIVE AND VIRTUAL SIMULATIONS", PROCEEDINGS OF THE WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, 12 December 1993 (1993-12-12) - 15 December 1993 (1993-12-15), LOS ANGELES, CA., US, pages 996 - 1002, XP000479609 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19806911A1 (de) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-09-02 | Oerlikon Contraves Gmbh | Verfahren zur Überwachung der Ausichtung einer Artilleriewaffe |
DE19806911C2 (de) * | 1998-02-19 | 2000-08-31 | Oerlikon Contraves Gmbh | Verfahren zur Überwachung der Ausichtung einer Artilleriewaffe |
EP3019968B1 (de) | 2013-07-12 | 2022-11-23 | Bae Systems Hägglunds Aktiebolag | System und verfahren zum verarbeiten von taktischen informationen in kampffahrzeugen |
DE102015105070A1 (de) | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | Rheinmetall Defence Electronics Gmbh | Vorrichtung und System zur Darstellung von Treffern von Geschossen und/oder Raketen sowie Verfahren dazu |
US11310027B2 (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2022-04-19 | Safran Data Systems | Method of date-stamping telemetry signals |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0876577A1 (de) | 1998-11-11 |
CA2242169A1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
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