WO1997025699A1 - Datenübertragungssystem mit mindestens einem sender und mindestens einem empfänger sowie verfahren zur initialisierung des systems und zur sender-empfänger-synchronisation - Google Patents
Datenübertragungssystem mit mindestens einem sender und mindestens einem empfänger sowie verfahren zur initialisierung des systems und zur sender-empfänger-synchronisation Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997025699A1 WO1997025699A1 PCT/EP1997/000068 EP9700068W WO9725699A1 WO 1997025699 A1 WO1997025699 A1 WO 1997025699A1 EP 9700068 W EP9700068 W EP 9700068W WO 9725699 A1 WO9725699 A1 WO 9725699A1
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- receiver
- transmitter
- time
- data
- identification code
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C15/00—Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C2201/00—Transmission systems of control signals via wireless link
- G08C2201/20—Binding and programming of remote control devices
Definitions
- Data transmission system with at least one transmitter and at least one receiver, and method for initializing the system and for transmitter-receiver synchronization
- the invention relates to a system with at least one transmitter and at least one receiver for transmitting data via a common transmission channel, as well as a method for initializing the system and a method for transmitter-receiver synchronization.
- a data transmission system which consists of a receiving / transmitting station to which sensors are connected and several receiving devices.
- the receiving / transmitting station contains a time receiver (radio clock). Air pressure, temperature and humidity sensors are mentioned as sensors, which deliver corresponding measured variables to the receiving / transmitting station.
- the receiving / transmitting station transmits a data signal at a frequency of 433 MHz, which contains a time signal originating from the radio clock and sensor signals originating from the sensors in a suitable form.
- the time signal receiver of the receiving / transmitting station is not constantly activated, but only at certain time intervals. This measure serves to reduce the energy requirement of the time receiver.
- the radio clock is only switched on once a day, for example at 2:00 a.m., in order to match the time displayed by the receiving / transmitting station to the time specified by a time signal transmitter.
- the data transmission system has one or more identical transmitters and one or more identical receivers for transmitting data via a common transmission channel.
- Identical in construction here means in particular that during manufacture the transmitters or the receivers are not provided with a code which individualizes the data transmission within a system. Therefore, the transmitters and receivers can be manufactured inexpensively and in large numbers.
- each transmitter has an address memory in which one individualizing address can be saved.
- Each receiver also has an address memory in which the addresses of the transmitters can be stored.
- the data transmission takes place in packets, each transmitter sending its data packets at characteristic intervals, and each receiver can receive the data packets from one or more transmitters.
- the transmitter and receiver are provided with appropriate devices which allow manual initialization or an automatic initiation initiated by an operator.
- This initialization determines which transmitter (s) is (are) assigned to a receiver, i.e. which transmitters and which receivers belong to a particular system, and how long are the characteristic time intervals for each transmitter in which the individual transmitters transmit.
- an individual address is assigned to each transmitter during the initialization, and the length of the characteristic time intervals according to a preferred embodiment of the system is determined on the basis of these addresses.
- Each transmitter and each receiver preferably contains a control circuit with a time-keeping device which, in order to save electricity, only activates the transmitters at the respective time of transmission and the receivers essentially only at the time of transmission of one or more transmitters.
- the power consumption of the transmitters and receivers is so low that the transmitters and receivers can be battery-operated and the batteries have a long service life.
- the required synchronization can be generated by specifying a certain period of time and activating the transmitter at corresponding time intervals in this period. If the recipient (s) is activated at the same time intervals, the system is synchronized.
- the receiver (s) are also activated, i.e. the system must be synchronized. This can be done, for example, by manually activating the transmitter and the receiver simultaneously when the system is started up. From this first synchronized activation, the further activations are then automatically synchronized in time. But even if the sender informs the receiver of an address, which can be an 8-digit binary code, for example, in the course of a so-called "registration", this registration process can be used as a starting point for the time-synchronized transmission. In this case, too, it is advantageous to provide for the possibility of manual synchronization since, for example, the information about the synchronization may be lost when the battery is changed.
- the receiver only receives data if this data is intended for this receiver in terms of the time of transmission. Attempts to receive and evaluate information that are not intended for this recipient from the time of transmission are therefore not carried out at all.
- This method is designed in such a way that energy can be saved, which is an advantage in particular in the case of battery-operated transmitters and receivers. By switching on the receiver at a certain time, it can be ensured that the receiver is already ready to receive when the transmitter starts the transmission.
- the method according to claim 5 ensures that the transmitter is "found” again by the receiver if, for example as a result of a systematic and / or temperature-dependent deviation in the accuracy of the time measuring devices from the transmitter and receiver, the switch-on times of the transmitter and receiver no longer lie one above the other. This can occur in particular if there was a reception disturbance over a longer period of time and it was not possible to adapt the synchronization of transmitter and receiver in the meantime.
- the method according to claim 6 advantageously shows a systematic procedure for changing the switch-on times of the receiver until the address of the receiver could be found again.
- the embodiment of the method according to claim 7 advantageously shows that a "drifting apart" of the switch-on times of the receiver and the transmitter assigned to this receiver can be avoided. If the time measuring devices of the transmitter and receiver have different systematic errors, it can otherwise happen that - for example in the event that the time measuring device of the receiver takes precedence over the time measuring device of the transmitter - the receiver switches on earlier and earlier. At some point the receiver will switch on so early that it will be deactivated again at the end of the transmission of the data packet from the transmitter. This data packet cannot then be evaluated.
- the embodiment of the method according to claim 8 advantageously prevents a temporal drift in the transmission times of the transmitter.
- the method according to claim 9 also shows in an advantageous manner that the drift in the switch-on times of the receiver is also switched off.
- the transmitter is individualized for the recipient (s) only when a transmitter is started up, ie not already during the manufacture of the transmitter.
- the transmitter is assigned a character string (address) which it sends out during a transmission process, in particular at the beginning.
- the receiver (s) can then recognize whether the transmitted data comes from the transmitter which is assigned to them, namely by these receivers evaluating the address and recognizing from it whether it is a corresponding transmitter .
- the assignment of transmitters and receivers therefore ensures that the transmitter has a unique address, at least with regard to its immediate surroundings, in which interference could occur due to the simultaneous transmission of several transmitters.
- the length of the time intervals of the transmitters differs, at least in an area in which a fault could occur due to the simultaneous transmission of several transmitters. This leads to a constant shift in the relative temporal position of the starting times of transmissions by the transmitters. This also stipulates that there will always be repeated simultaneous transmission of at least two transmitters. The different length of the time intervals ensures, however, that between this recurring simultaneous transmission of certain transmitters, a certain number of transmissions take place, in which these particular transmitters do not transmit simultaneously. The likelihood that other transmitters will transmit during these transmissions and that there will therefore be a longer-lasting interference for individual transmitters has proven to be comparatively low.
- the determination of the time interval according to claim 1 1 shows that a good compromise can be found between the transmission security of the individual transmitters and the fact that several transmitters can be brought into the entire range.
- the factor can, for example, be on the order of approximately 1.5. For example, with a fixed basic length of 30 s and an average telegram length of 100 ms, there is a minimum difference in the time intervals of two adjacent transmitters of approximately 1 50 ms. This means that two adjacent transmitters overlap a maximum of two consecutive transmission processes. This is then followed by approx. 200 transmission processes for which these two transmitters do not overlap. If the fixed basic length is greater than 30 s, the factor can advantageously be increased accordingly, for example.
- this factor can be reduced accordingly if the fixed basic length is less than 30 s.
- a method is already known (DE 39 28 142 A1) in which a transmitter is assigned to a receiver by sending an identification code in a data telegram that individualizes the transmitter.
- this identification code is recorded and stored by the recipient.
- the respective identification code in the data telegram is evaluated. If the identification code matches one of the stored identification codes, the receiver recognizes that the data telegram comes from a transmitter assigned to this receiver. The content of the data telegram is then evaluated accordingly.
- the initialization method according to the invention has the advantage that the data transmission system can be formed from a plurality of identical transmitters and identical receivers, since the addresses individualizing the individual transmitters are only determined during initialization. Furthermore, it is ensured that the receiver (s) only receive the data that are transmitted by the transmitter (s) assigned to them, so that neighboring systems, which also consist of such transmitters and receivers, operate side by side without mutual interference can be.
- the method according to claim 12 advantageously shows that a double assignment of the same identification code to two different transmitters can be largely avoided. Such a double allocation can in certain circumstances lead to operational disruptions. If, in the initialization process, a transmitter to be newly installed automatically selects an identification code, there is initially no feedback as to whether this identification code has already been assigned in the environment of this transmitter to be newly installed, i.e. is used by another transmitter as identification code. Such a feedback can be realized by the method according to claim 12. It is then possible to end the initialization process and to let the transmitter, for example, automatically select another identification code. The receiver can continuously record and store the identification codes of the transmitters that are not assigned to this receiver.
- the identification codes of the transmitters that are not assigned to this receiver are only stored during the initialization process. Only identification codes of the transmitters that do not participate in the initialization process are saved. It can happen that a transmitter in the Should be assigned to a receiver over time, with both the transmitter and the receiver already installed. So if the receiver continuously stores the identification codes of the transmitters that are not assigned to this receiver, then the identification code of this transmitter would already be stored in the receiver as the identification code of a transmitter that is not assigned to this receiver. If this identification code of the transmitter were then sent to the receiver in the initialization process, a comparison with the stored identification code would show that this identification code is already being used. The transmitter to be re-initialized for this receiver would therefore interfere with its previous operation.
- the identification codes of the transmitters are only stored during the initialization process.
- the transmitter to be reinitialized then has an identifier that it is involved in the initialization process.
- the identification code of this transmitter is then not included in the list of transmitters that are already in operation in the area. In this way, interference with a transmitter that is already in operation is avoided during further initialization to a further receiver.
- transmitters that are temporarily out of service no longer occupy identification codes. It also ensures that the list of identification codes is complete for receivers that are only ready to receive at certain time intervals. Otherwise it could happen that some identification codes are not picked up by the receiver if the corresponding transmitters transmit precisely when this receiver is not ready to receive.
- the method according to claim 1 5 results in a particularly simple procedure for finding an identification code for the transmitter which is not used by any other transmitter in the vicinity of a receiver.
- the receiver transmits an identification code that is not used by any other transmitter.
- a signal is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver that this transmitter is to be initialized to the receiver.
- the receiver then transmits the identification code to the transmitter.
- the transmitter records the transmitted identification code and uses this identification code in the following.
- the transmitter and receiver can be connected by lines during this initialization process. All communication between the sender and receiver can be handled via these lines. It is also possible, if the information is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver by means of radio signals during normal operation, to transmit only the information from the receiver to the transmitter via the lines during the initialization process and otherwise to transmit by means of the radio signals realize.
- the communication can also be implemented in some other way, for example by inductive or capacitive coupling, by acoustic coupling or by optical coupling. An example of an optical coupling would be an infrared transmission.
- the receiver is a watch with an alarm function.
- the wake-up signal output can be controlled in corresponding cycles so that information transmission can be designed by means of the pulse / pause ratio of the wake-up signal output.
- the transmitter requires a corresponding receiving device.
- Another form of implementation is of course also to use the information from the receiver to the transmitter To transmit radio signals.
- the retransmission of the signal of the receiver can also be realized.
- this signal is only information that the identification code of the transmitter is already being used. Another identification code is then selected by the transmitter, for example, and a new attempt at initialization is made.
- an identification code is selected by the recipient. The signal then not only contains information that the identification code is already being used, but also contains an unused identification code which is then set by the transmitter.
- the embodiment according to claim 18 advantageously shows that transmission errors with regard to further receivers can also be avoided.
- transmission by means of radio signals it can happen that an identification code is recognized as unique between the transmitter and the receiver, but which is used in the reception area of another receiver by a transmitter which is only received by the other receiver but not by the receiver who is involved in the initialization process. In this comparatively rare case, transmission errors could possibly occur at the other receiver.
- the signal output of the other receivers can also effect a change in the identification code of the transmitter in accordance with claims 1 6 or 17.
- the design of the method according to claim 19 serves to simplify system maintenance. If a reset for individual transmitters were not possible, it would have to a complete reconfiguration is carried out during system maintenance.
- the embodiment of the method according to claim 20 relates to a procedure in which the information about a transmitter is not completely lost in the individual receivers if this transmitter is no longer to send this receiver any data.
- the identification code of this transmitter can also be taken into account for possible re-initializations of other transmitters and the checking of their identification codes.
- the embodiment of the method according to claim 21 relates to a procedure in which the identification codes of individual transmitters in the individual receivers are deleted after a certain time if the corresponding identification codes have not been received in the meantime. It can be taken into account, for example, if a transmitter was removed from the overall configuration or if its identification code had to be changed to other receivers because of a re-initialization.
- 6 shows a further sequence of the initialization method according to the invention
- 7 shows the transmission behavior of a transmitter S and the switching on and off behavior of a receiver E
- 1 1 shows an embodiment for the synchronization of transmitter and receiver by means of a time signal
- Fig. 1 2 shows an example of a synchronization of another transmitter in an existing system.
- the data transmission system consists of one or more identical transmitters and one or more identical receivers.
- the data transmission takes place via a transmission channel common to all transmitters and receivers.
- the data transmission takes place in packets, each transmitter sending its data packets at fixed time intervals that are characteristic of it, and each receiver can receive the data packets of one or more transmitters.
- the transmitter 201 has an actuating device 202, for example a button, after the actuation of which the transmitter 201 also sends a registration bit in the data telegram.
- the receiver can recognize from this registration bit that this transmitter 201 is involved in the initialization process.
- the data telegram is transmitted by a transmission device 206 of the transmitter 201.
- the receiver 203 also has an actuating device 204, which can also be a button. After actuation of this actuation device 204, this receiver is also in the initialization process involved.
- the receiver 203 evaluates the data telegrams received by means of the receiving device 207 to determine whether a registration bit is present in them.
- the receiver 203 recognizes that the transmitter 201 which has sent out this data telegram is to be initialized to the receiver 203, ie that the transmitter 201 is to be assigned to this receiver 203.
- the receiver 203 evaluates the initialization code of the transmitter 201 contained in the data telegram and, if necessary, stores it for future data transmission processes. If the receiver 203 recognizes that this identification code is already being used by another transmitter, a signal is emitted via the signal output device 205. In the simplest case, the user is informed that this identification code is already being used. The user can then start a new initialization process by operating the actuating devices 202, 204 again.
- step 101 the identification codes of the individual transmitters are stored in the receiver while data telegrams are being received. However, only the data telegrams of the transmitters that are assigned to this receiver are evaluated. So two lists are stored in the receiver. One list contains the identification codes of the transmitters which are assigned to this receiver. If one of these identification codes occurs in the received data telegram, the data telegram is evaluated accordingly. If the data telegram contains a different identification code, it is checked whether this identification code is contained in the other list of the identification codes of the transmitters which also send in the vicinity of the receiver but are not assigned to this receiver. If this identification code is not included in this list, then this identification code is included in this list if at the same time no registration bit was sent in the data telegram.
- step 102 it is checked whether the actuation device 204 has been actuated. If this is not the case, no initialization process takes place and the normal reception of data telegrams continues.
- step 103 the sequence of the method is continued in the receiver with step 103.
- the transmitter actuator 202 was also actuated.
- the registration bit is also sent in the data telegram of this transmitter.
- step 103 the identification code of the transmitter is then recorded from the data telegram that contains the registration bit. If this has taken place, the process continues with step 104.
- this step 104 it is checked whether the recorded identification code matches an identification code of a transmitter that is stored in the receiver. Both the identification codes of the transmitters that are assigned to this receiver and the identification codes of the transmitters that are not assigned to this receiver are included in this check.
- step 104 If a match is found in step 104, a transition is made to step 105 in which a signal is output.
- This signal can inform the user, for example, acoustically or optically, that it is necessary to restart the initialization process. This signal can also be fed directly to the transmitter.
- step 104 If no match is found in step 104, a transition is made to step 106, in which the identification code of this transmitter is stored in the list of the identification codes of the transmitters which are assigned to this receiver. If appropriate, this interference-free recording of the identification code can also be indicated by a corresponding other signal.
- FIG. 3 shows a part of the sequence of the initialization method according to the invention, for example in the sequence of the method according to FIG. 1 after step 103 can be inserted.
- the identification code of this transmitter is in any case from at least one other receiver in the environment already checked for uniqueness.
- the identification code of this transmitter is also included in the list of initialization codes of the transmitters for the receiver to which the transmitter is to be initialized, which are not assigned to this receiver, this would result in a check of the identification code for the receiver transmitter to be re-initialized to determine that the identification code has already been assigned. The transmitter would thus interfere with its initial operation for another receiver due to its previous operation.
- step 301 it is then checked whether the transmitted data telegram of this transmitter to be initialized contains this information.
- step 106 can be continued, in which the identification code of this transmitter is stored in the corresponding receiver as the identification code of a transmitter assigned to this receiver.
- the transmitter's identification code can be deleted from the list of identification codes of the transmitters not assigned to this receiver.
- the identification code of this transmitter is therefore stored without further checking for uniqueness as the identification code of a transmitter assigned to this receiver.
- step 301 If the check in step 301 showed that the data telegram does not contain this information, that is to say that this transmitter has not yet been transmitting in the environment, the method is continued accordingly with step 304. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the method then continues with step 104, in which the identification code of the transmitter is checked for its uniqueness becomes.
- the identification codes of the transmitters transmitting in an environment of the receiver are stored in the receiver.
- the identification code of the transmitter to be initialized is unambiguous in that not only an identification code is checked by the receiver, but that the receiver specifies the identification code.
- the receiver first checks in step 401 whether there is a data telegram from a transmitter with a registration bit.
- step 402. the transmitter is used to determine an identification code on the basis of the identification codes stored in the receiver, which identification code is not yet stored in the receiver. As a result, the uniqueness of the identification code defined in this way is largely ensured.
- This identification code is then sent out in step 403, so that the transmitter can record this identification code.
- this identification code is then stored in the transmitter.
- This identification code is also stored in the receiver in the list of identification codes of the transmitters which are assigned to this receiver.
- steps 402 to 403 in the method according to FIG. 1 instead of step 105. This means that after an unsuccessful attempt by the transmitter to find a unique identification code, this transmitter adjusts itself to an identification code transmitted by the receiver.
- FIG. 5 shows a transmitter 501 which is equipped with a transmission device 503. Furthermore, this transmitter 501 is equipped with a receiving device 506.
- a receiver 502 has a receiving device 504 and a transmitting device 505.
- transmitters and receivers can during this initialization process be connected by means of lines. All communication between the sender and receiver can be handled via these lines.
- the information is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver by means of radio signals during normal operation, to transmit only the information from the receiver to the transmitter via the lines during the initialization process and otherwise to transmit by means of the radio signals realize.
- the communication can also be implemented in some other way, for example by inductive or capacitive coupling, by acoustic coupling or by optical coupling.
- An example of an optical coupling would be an infrared transmission.
- the receiver is a watch with an alarm function.
- the wake-up signal output can be controlled in corresponding cycles so that information transmission can be designed by means of the pulse / pause ratio of the wake-up signal output.
- Another form of implementation is of course to also transmit the information from the receiver to the transmitter by means of radio signals.
- the uniqueness of the identification code of this transmitter is also checked by the receivers to whom the transmitter to be re-initialized is not to be initialized.
- step 601 it is checked by (each) receiver whether a received data telegram from a transmitter contains a registration bit.
- step 602 in which it is checked whether the identification code contained in the data telegram corresponds to an identification code of a transmitter stored in the receiver, which is assigned to this receiver. If this is the case, a transition is made to step 603, in which the data telegram is evaluated. If this is not the case, this process is ended. If, on the other hand, the check in step 601 showed that the data telegram contains a registration bit, a transition is made to step 604 in which it is checked whether the identification code contained in the data telegram matches an identification code already stored in the receiver.
- These stored identification codes relate both to the identification codes of the transmitters which are assigned to this receiver and to the identification codes of the transmitters which are not assigned to this receiver. These identification codes of the transmitters, which are not assigned to this receiver, can be stored both during operation and if the check in step 601 showed that a data telegram contains a registration bit.
- a corresponding signal is output in step 605. If necessary, an additional check can be carried out to determine whether the transmitter is to be completely re-installed in the environment or whether it is already in operation and is to be initialized for another receiver.
- step 604 If the check in step 604 shows that the identification code in the data telegram does not match one of the identification codes stored in the receiver, a transition is made to step 606, in which it is determined whether the actuating device of the receiver has been actuated, i.e. whether the transmitter is to be initialized to this receiver.
- step 608 the identification code is stored in the receiver as an identification code of a transmitter assigned to this receiver. If necessary, this successful reception of an identification code by this receiver can then be indicated to the user by a corresponding signal.
- step 606 If the check in step 606 shows that the transmitter is not to be initialized for this receiver, a transition is made to step 607, in which the user can be informed, for example by a corresponding signal, that the receiver has checked the identification code , but no collision with another identification code was found.
- the identification codes in the transmitters and in the receivers can advantageously be stored in a non-volatile memory in order to avoid data loss when the battery is changed. In this case, however, only the identification codes of the transmitters which are assigned to these receivers have to be stored in the receivers in non-volatile memories.
- FIG. 7 shows the switching behavior of a first transmitter and a receiver E.
- the first transmitter S begins to transmit data.
- the transmission of the data is ended at time t2.
- the first transmitter S then initially does not transmit any data until the start of a new time interval at the time t3, at which the transmitter in turn begins to transmit data which has ended at the time t4.
- the receiver E is at least until the end of the data packet, i.e. ready to receive up to the times t2 and t4 shown in FIG. 7.
- the transmitter S can send a signal, for example, which signals the end of the transmission of the data.
- the receiver is in any case ready to receive whenever the transmitter sends data.
- the receiver can be deactivated in this period. This can be implemented in such a way that the receiver E is switched off. However, the receiver E must then be activated again in good time, ie for safety's sake it is switched to ready for reception again already at the time t5 or t6. In addition to this, provision can also be made to also switch off the first transmitter S when no data are being transmitted. This proves to be useful because of the energy savings, particularly in battery-operated transmitters and receivers. In this case, time-keeping devices continue to be operated in both the transmitter and the receiver at the next switch-on time of To be able to derive sender and receiver
- a first time interval is thus formed by the first transmitter S, which in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 7 has a duration from the time t1 to the time t3.
- the data is sent in one packet.
- the transmission lasts from time t1 to time t2.
- a new time interval then starts at time t3.
- the receiver is then ready to receive, receives the data sent from time t1 to time t2 and evaluates it. If necessary, the receiver can already be activated at time t5 in order to reliably record the start of the transmission of the data.
- the transmission system has at least one further transmitter, what has been said above in connection with the first transmitter S applies accordingly, but the lengths of the time intervals (t1 to t3) of all transmitters are different from one another.
- the lengths preferably differ by a fixed amount which is at least as long as the length of the data packets.
- a time interval of a second transmitter corresponding to the time interval t1 to t3 of the first transmitter S would have a length of approximately t1 to t4.
- the switch-on times of the receiver and transmitter are determined via time measuring devices which are present both in the transmitter and in the receiver. Due to a systematic deviation, it may happen that the time measuring device of the receiver is faster or slower than the time measuring device of the transmitter. There is an ever greater shift in the switch-on times of the transmitter and receiver. Depending on the size of this systematic deviation, it will happen at some point that at least a certain proportion of the data transmitted by the transmitter can no longer be received because the receiver is then no longer switched on. If it is now determined, for example, that the receiver has received only part of the data transmitted by the transmitter several times in succession, resynchronization can take place by the following switch-on times of the receiver.
- the relative position in a first time interval is corresponding to reference number 21, in the following time interval corresponding to reference number 22, in the following time interval corresponding to reference number 23, in the following time interval corresponding to reference number 24 and in the following time interval corresponding to reference number 25. As can be seen in FIG.
- the receiver had been activated at least once at each point in time of the time interval t1 to t3. It is then ensured with otherwise interference-free transmission that the recipient was able to record the transmitter's identification (address) at least once. If this has happened successfully, the following switch-on times from this recognized point in time are again determined by the duration of the time interval characteristic of the respective transmitter, taking into account a certain time advance.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 is only of a general nature and does not say anything compelling about the relative duration of the transmission until the beginning of the next transmission.
- a more realistic order of magnitude may be mentioned for the transmission duration of the order of 100 ms and for the duration of a time interval an order of 30 s to 60 s, possibly. also a few minutes.
- the time advance can be of the order of approx. 20-30 ms with an accuracy of the time measuring devices which is of the order of + -100ppm.
- the response time of the receiver must also be taken into account, i.e. the time that passes before the receiver is really ready to receive after switching on. The time advance therefore generally depends on the accuracy of the time measuring devices and this starting time.
- FIG. 9 shows another procedure for determining the relative position of the switch-on time of the receiver.
- the relative position of the switch-on time in the time interval is first changed (see reference number 32) a certain amount moved forward compared to the previous relative position (reference number 31). If the transmitter could not be recognized, the relative position of the switch-on time in the time interval is shifted backward, for example, by the same specific amount (reference number 33) compared to the previous relative position (reference number 31). If the transmitter is still not recognized, the relative position of the switch-on time in the time interval (see reference number 34) is again moved forward compared to the previous relative position (reference number 31), the relative position then being twice, for example of the certain amount can be moved forward.
- the relative position of the switch-on point in the time interval is then shifted back again (reference number 35) compared to the previous relative position (reference number 31), the relative position then again increasing by the same amount is moved behind by which it had previously been moved forward. If the sender could not be recognized, the procedure is to advance and relocate the relative location. This continues until either the transmitter has been recognized or the entire time interval has been covered by the shift in the relative position. In the case of otherwise interference-free transmission, it is then ensured that the receiver was able to record the identifier (address) of the transmitter at least once. If this has happened successfully, the following switch-on times from this recognized point in time are again determined by the duration of the time interval, taking into account a specific time advance.
- the procedure shown in FIG. 9 has the advantage over the procedure shown in FIG. 8 that the correct relative position of the switch-on time of the receiver is first sought in the immediate vicinity of the previous switch-on time. Due to the usually very small deviations in the time measuring devices of the transmitters and receivers, the relative position of the switch-on time of the receiver will not have changed very much. A systematic search for the correct switch-on time in the immediate vicinity of the previous switch-on time will therefore lead to success comparatively quickly. If the time measuring device of the receiver follows that of the transmitter, the relative position of the switch-on time of the receiver must be shifted over almost the entire time interval in order to find the transmitter again in the procedure of FIG.
- the transmitter can continuously adapt the switch-on point in time to the start of the transmission.
- a step 401 the receiver is switched on at a certain time before the expected transmission start of the transmitter.
- step 402 it is then checked whether the transmitter has already started the transmission. If this is not the case, the time that has passed since the receiver was switched on is determined in a variable in step 403. The process then returns to step 402.
- step 404 If it was then determined in step 402 that the transmitter has started the transmission, it is checked in step 404 whether the value of the variable which was determined in step 403 is greater than, less than or equal to the determined time advance is.
- step 405 the time for the next activation of the receiver is then derived, which can be done according to the following description.
- a systematic shift occurs if the value of the variable is greater or less than the specified time. It is then possible to take this systematic shift into account when determining the next time the receiver is switched on.
- the time measuring device of the receiver follows that of the transmitter. It is then possible, for example, to readjust the time measuring device of the receiver or to increase the predetermined time.
- the latter has the advantage that a separate time advance can be stored for different transmitters assigned to this receiver.
- the time measuring device of the receiver takes precedence over that of the transmitter. It is then possible, for example, to present the time measuring device of the receiver or to reduce the predetermined time.
- the latter has the advantage that a separate time advance can be stored for different transmitters assigned to this receiver.
- Fig. 1 1 shows an embodiment for the synchronization of transmitter and receiver by means of a time signal.
- the switch-on times of the transmitter and receiver are determined as absolute times. Since the transmitter and receiver then have the same time, synchronization of the transmitter and receiver is ensured.
- the sender and the receiver can have the same time by sending the sender's time - for example together with other data to be transmitted - to the receiver.
- This time of day can then be transmitted via a transmitting antenna 502 of the transmitter S to the receiving antenna 503 of the receiver E. be sent.
- This time can be the internal time of the transmitter S.
- this time of day of the transmitter can be corrected, for example, by an external time signal which is fed to the transmitter S and received by means of a receiving antenna 501 of the transmitter S.
- the receiver E can receive the same external time signal by means of the receiving antenna 503 instead of a direct transmission of the time of the transmitter S. In this case, too, it is ensured that the times of the time measuring devices of the transmitter and receiver are synchronized.
- Fig. 1 2 shows an example in which the time intervals of all transmitters existing in a data transmission system according to the invention are selected differently. This then leads to permanent shifts in the relative starting times of the transmission times of the individual transmitters to one another. As a result, overlaps of the transmissions of individual transmitters occur again and again at certain intervals, but if, in accordance with the orders of magnitude already given for the individual transmitters, the parts of the time intervals in which no transmission takes place are significantly longer than the transmission times themselves, this is sufficient transmission ⁇ security given.
- each transmitter has a specific address, which consists of a character string which is transmitted together with the data to be transmitted and which provides the receiver with information about the transmitter from which this data originates. Since this address is unique in a given system, the time interval for the individual transmitters can in turn be unambiguously determined by determining a time interval depending on this address. This then also ensures that there are corresponding shifts in the relative position of the starting times for the transmission of the respective transmitter.
- an address is first assigned to the transmitter in a step 701.
- step 702 it is then checked whether this address is unique in the given system, ie it does not yet exist. If this is not the case, a new address is assigned in accordance with step 701. Otherwise, a duration of the time interval is determined in step 703 as a function of the address of the transmitter.
- variable length can be added to a certain basic length of the time interval, which in turn is determined as a function of the address.
- this variable length can also be determined as a function of the length of the transmission duration in order to be able to determine the relative shift in the starting times of the transmission in such a way that, after simultaneous transmission, the transmitters are transmitted again as quickly as possible without interference. It has proven to be advantageous to determine the variable length by multiplying the average transmission time by a certain factor. This factor is advantageously on the order of 1 to 2.
- steps 701 and 702 can also be omitted. Then the address of the sender is predefined and the zeintinterval is determined directly as a function of this predefined address.
- the exemplary embodiments shown and the method as a whole are suitable for both wireless and wired transmission.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT97900979T ATE201521T1 (de) | 1996-01-12 | 1997-01-09 | Datenübertragungssystem mit mindestens einem sender und mindestens einem empfänger sowie verfahren zur initialisierung des systems und zur sender-empfänger-synchronisation |
EP97900979A EP0871946B1 (de) | 1996-01-12 | 1997-01-09 | Datenübertragungssystem mit mindestens einem sender und mindestens einem empfänger sowie verfahren zur initialisierung des systems und zur sender-empfänger-synchronisation |
DE59703597T DE59703597D1 (de) | 1996-01-12 | 1997-01-09 | Datenübertragungssystem mit mindestens einem sender und mindestens einem empfänger sowie verfahren zur initialisierung des systems und zur sender-empfänger-synchronisation |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19600922A DE19600922A1 (de) | 1996-01-12 | 1996-01-12 | Verfahren zur Synchronisation eines Senders und eines oder mehreren diesem Sender zugeordneten Empfängern |
DE19600922.7 | 1996-01-12 | ||
DE1996110202 DE19610202C1 (de) | 1996-03-15 | 1996-03-15 | Verfahren zur Zuordnung eines Senders zu einem Empfänger |
DE19610202.2 | 1996-03-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997025699A1 true WO1997025699A1 (de) | 1997-07-17 |
Family
ID=26022024
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1997/000068 WO1997025699A1 (de) | 1996-01-12 | 1997-01-09 | Datenübertragungssystem mit mindestens einem sender und mindestens einem empfänger sowie verfahren zur initialisierung des systems und zur sender-empfänger-synchronisation |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0871946B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE201521T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59703597D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997025699A1 (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0924886A1 (de) * | 1997-12-12 | 1999-06-23 | Observatoire Cantonal De Neuchatel | Verfahren für die elektromagnetische Übermittlung von kodierten meteorologischen Daten und Vorrichtung mit einem elektromagnetischen Empfänger um diese kodierten meteorologischen Daten zu empfangen |
WO2001043350A2 (de) * | 1999-12-09 | 2001-06-14 | Iar Systems Ag | Funkstrecke und verfahren zu deren betrieb |
EP1392078A2 (de) * | 2002-08-20 | 2004-02-25 | Horst Prof. Dr. Ziegler | Verfahren zum unidirektionalen Übertragen von Messdaten |
EP1028403A3 (de) * | 1999-02-09 | 2005-05-04 | Ziegler, Horst Prof. Dr. | Datenübertragungssystem, insbesondere zur Verbrauchsdatenerfassung |
DE102004043212A1 (de) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-09 | Biotronik Vi Patent Ag | Kommunikationsmodul und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
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US4839645A (en) * | 1987-08-06 | 1989-06-13 | Lill Thomas M | Weather data transmitting system |
DE3928142A1 (de) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-01 | Pico Electronics Ltd | Fernsteuersystem |
WO1993016450A1 (fr) * | 1992-02-06 | 1993-08-19 | B.H.L. Sa | Procede et systeme de transmission a une unite de commande de donnees de temperature et d'hygrometrie |
DE4235187A1 (de) * | 1992-10-19 | 1994-04-21 | Metrona Waermemesser Union | Einrichtung zum Ablesen von Verbrauchswerten in einem Gebäude anfallender Verbrauchsmengen |
DE4242231A1 (de) * | 1992-12-15 | 1994-06-16 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Fernsteuereinrichtung |
-
1997
- 1997-01-09 WO PCT/EP1997/000068 patent/WO1997025699A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-01-09 EP EP97900979A patent/EP0871946B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-09 DE DE59703597T patent/DE59703597D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-09 AT AT97900979T patent/ATE201521T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4839645A (en) * | 1987-08-06 | 1989-06-13 | Lill Thomas M | Weather data transmitting system |
DE3928142A1 (de) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-01 | Pico Electronics Ltd | Fernsteuersystem |
WO1993016450A1 (fr) * | 1992-02-06 | 1993-08-19 | B.H.L. Sa | Procede et systeme de transmission a une unite de commande de donnees de temperature et d'hygrometrie |
DE4235187A1 (de) * | 1992-10-19 | 1994-04-21 | Metrona Waermemesser Union | Einrichtung zum Ablesen von Verbrauchswerten in einem Gebäude anfallender Verbrauchsmengen |
DE4242231A1 (de) * | 1992-12-15 | 1994-06-16 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Fernsteuereinrichtung |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0924886A1 (de) * | 1997-12-12 | 1999-06-23 | Observatoire Cantonal De Neuchatel | Verfahren für die elektromagnetische Übermittlung von kodierten meteorologischen Daten und Vorrichtung mit einem elektromagnetischen Empfänger um diese kodierten meteorologischen Daten zu empfangen |
WO1999031831A1 (fr) * | 1997-12-12 | 1999-06-24 | Observatoire Cantonal De Neuchâtel | Procede d'emission electromagnetique de donnees meteorologiques codees et dispositif comprenant un recepteur electromagnetique pour recevoir ces donnees meteorologiques codees |
EP1028403A3 (de) * | 1999-02-09 | 2005-05-04 | Ziegler, Horst Prof. Dr. | Datenübertragungssystem, insbesondere zur Verbrauchsdatenerfassung |
WO2001043350A2 (de) * | 1999-12-09 | 2001-06-14 | Iar Systems Ag | Funkstrecke und verfahren zu deren betrieb |
WO2001043350A3 (de) * | 1999-12-09 | 2002-10-31 | Iar Systems Ag | Funkstrecke und verfahren zu deren betrieb |
CN1299465C (zh) * | 1999-12-09 | 2007-02-07 | Bm无线有限公司 | 具有发射机和接收机的无线电链路和操作它的方法 |
US7590121B2 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2009-09-15 | Bm Wireless Ltd. & Co. Kg | Transmitter, receiver, combined transceiver, and radio link for communicating a data stream of data packets, method for receiving a data stream of data packets, method for operating a radio link, and bicycle and fitness computers utilizing the transmitter and receiver |
EP1392078A2 (de) * | 2002-08-20 | 2004-02-25 | Horst Prof. Dr. Ziegler | Verfahren zum unidirektionalen Übertragen von Messdaten |
EP1392078A3 (de) * | 2002-08-20 | 2007-10-24 | Horst Prof. Dr. Ziegler | Verfahren zum unidirektionalen Übertragen von Messdaten |
DE102004043212A1 (de) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-09 | Biotronik Vi Patent Ag | Kommunikationsmodul und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
US7986997B2 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2011-07-26 | Biotronik Crm Patent Ag | Communication module and method of operation thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0871946A1 (de) | 1998-10-21 |
ATE201521T1 (de) | 2001-06-15 |
EP0871946B1 (de) | 2001-05-23 |
DE59703597D1 (de) | 2001-06-28 |
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