WO1997023967A1 - Fichier de programmes d'un systeme de radiodiffusion numerique - Google Patents

Fichier de programmes d'un systeme de radiodiffusion numerique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997023967A1
WO1997023967A1 PCT/FI1996/000681 FI9600681W WO9723967A1 WO 1997023967 A1 WO1997023967 A1 WO 1997023967A1 FI 9600681 W FI9600681 W FI 9600681W WO 9723967 A1 WO9723967 A1 WO 9723967A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
receiver
text
display
user
class
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1996/000681
Other languages
English (en)
Finnish (fi)
Inventor
Ari Salomäki
Original Assignee
Oy Nokia Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oy Nokia Ab filed Critical Oy Nokia Ab
Priority to AU11778/97A priority Critical patent/AU1177897A/en
Publication of WO1997023967A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997023967A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/28—Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information
    • H04H20/30—Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information by a single channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/44—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for broadcast
    • H04H20/46—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for broadcast specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53-H04H20/95
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/53—Arrangements specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for traffic information or for mobile receivers
    • H04H20/57—Arrangements specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for traffic information or for mobile receivers for mobile receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/65—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
    • H04H20/71—Wireless systems
    • H04H20/72—Wireless systems of terrestrial networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/86—Arrangements characterised by the broadcast information itself
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H2201/00—Aspects of broadcast communication
    • H04H2201/10—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the type of broadcast system
    • H04H2201/20—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the type of broadcast system digital audio broadcasting [DAB]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the processing of information relat ⁇ ing to service programmes in a digital broadcasting system which allows the transmission of audio and data services as well as selective reception of such services.
  • the information to be transmitted over the transmission channel may be either a continuous audio or data stream or packet for ⁇ mat information.
  • DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting
  • Fig. 1 the highest level of abstraction in the DAB system is called ensemble, Fig. 1 . It contains all the services that are available in a given frequency band. A change from one ensem ⁇ ble to another is effected by tuning to a different frequency band, just as one changes channels in current FM radio reception.
  • the ensemble is di ⁇ vided into services, exemplified in Fig. 1 by Alpha Radio 1 , Beta Radio and Alpha Radio 2.
  • Alpha Radio 1 exemplified in Fig. 1 by Alpha Radio 1 , Beta Radio and Alpha Radio 2.
  • data services although they are not shown in the figure.
  • Each service is further divided into service components. Each service component is either an audio channel or a data channel. For comparison, let it be stated that FM radio contains only one service and one service component (audio) in each channel.
  • the transmission frame which consists of three chronologically consecutive parts.
  • the first part is a Synchronizing Channel, which con ⁇ tains no service information.
  • the next part is a Fast Information Channel FIC, which has a mode-specific fixed length. It contains general informa ⁇ tion SI (Service Information) relating to audio and data services which helps the user select the desired service and Multiplex Configuration In ⁇ formation (MCI) indicating the number, size and position of subchannels.
  • MCI Multiplex Configuration In ⁇ formation
  • the last part is a Main Service Channel MSC, which contains all the sub ⁇ channels. The position, size and number of subchannels within the MSC may vary, but still the size of the MSC is constant.
  • the MSC contains a maximum of 63 different audio and/or data subchannels.
  • the subchan ⁇ nels are numbered on the basis of a so-called Subchannel ID from 0 to 62.
  • the MSC may contain an Auxiliary Information Channel AIC, which has a fixed channel number 63.
  • the AIC may contain the same type of information as the FIC.
  • the information channel FIC and the MSC channel which contains the audio and data services, are separated from each other, and the subchannels are separated from the MSC and passed on for further processing.
  • the user From the information received via the FIC channel, the user will know what services the ensemble received con ⁇ tains and is thus able to select the service or services he/she wants.
  • subchannel service components such as audio/speech, con- tinuous video and packet data in accordance with the application soft ⁇ ware, multimedia services, a hypermedia service, a file-based service and hypertext are formed. The services thus formed are then passed on to the user's display device or for further processing.
  • the receiver making use of the information of the service information channel SI and the auxiliary infor ⁇ mation channel AIC, generates a user interface which may be either character-based or graphic.
  • the user interface might e.g. include a text saying "This ensemble contains the services ALPHA RADIO 1 , BETA RADIO, ALPHA RADIO 2", followed by the prompt "Select service”.
  • the user selects the service he/she wants, whereupon the application programme block commissions the information channel processing block to separate the desired ones of the subchannels to produce the pro ⁇ gramme.
  • the problem with this type of selection is that the processing block of the application programme must observe a service hierarchy and rely on the rather scanty information relating to programme contents that is available in the service information channel SI and auxiliary information channel AIC currently used in the art.
  • the infor ⁇ mation transmitted to the user via the FIC channel is only the name of the service, presented as a 1 6-character "service label".
  • the labels are transmitted as a coded 6-bit binary number.
  • each service supplier produces its own service guide using the same uniform format.
  • a particularly pre ⁇ ferred format is the HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language), which is a simple data format designed for the creation of hypertext documents and documents intended to be transferred from one system to another.
  • HTML documents are SGML documents and their semantics allows the presentation of different types of information.
  • the service supplier's source material which may consist of text, pictures or combinations of text and pictures or structured documents containing graphics, is con ⁇ verted into a HTML document, using the HTML language.
  • the document is transmitted over a communication network.
  • the received document is handled and displayed so that it has the appearance defined in the docu ⁇ ment itself.
  • SGML is defined by the standard ISO 8879: 1 986, Informa- tion Processing Text and Office Systems Standard Generalized Mark-up Language (SGML) .
  • a well-known area of application is the WWW (World Wide Web), which is a hypertext-based decentralized information system developed by CERN. Its use is particularly well known in reference to the Internet.
  • HTML is generally used to denote both document type and the events in a document.
  • Events' means changes of elements in the document, such as e.g. the beginning and end of a title or a para ⁇ graph, images, hyperlinks, etc.
  • the mark-ups are syntactic delimiters which are added to the document to describe its structure.
  • the common ⁇ est mark-up is the so-called tag, which is used to separate elements from each other, for example the start tag, denoted by the symbol ⁇ > , and the end tag, denoted by the symbol ⁇ / > .
  • Tags can also be used to give instructions to the software in the receiver; for example, the element "TITLE", for which the start tag is ⁇ TITLE > , indicates that the text fol ⁇ lowing it is a title, and the text terminates with the end tag ⁇ /TITLE > .
  • TITLE the start tag
  • the anchor A it de ⁇ fines a hyperlink, which is the relationship between two anchors, one of the anchors being called 'head' and the other 'tail' .
  • the anchors may be located in the same document or in different documents. This is what makes net surfing, familiar to Internet users, possible.
  • a URI Uniform Resource Identifier
  • the URI is composed of a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and a Relative URL.
  • a link can be made to refer to the head anchor either directly by using a URI or indirectly by using a URL.
  • each supplier of DAB services creates an HTML-format guide file relating to their service, containing one or more pages.
  • the file may comprise text and images.
  • One page may contain a general description of the service, another a more detailed presentation of the programme of the day together with transmission times, while the other pages may contain a weekly programme.
  • Some pages may contain the lyrics of the music to be presented.
  • there may be graph ⁇ ics files with still pictures.
  • a page may contain several links pointing to certain parts on the other pages of the same file or to a graphics file. In other words, a link is associated with a head address URL.
  • the DAB operator collects the HTML programme files of different service suppliers and possibly adds hyperlinks to them.
  • the operator generates a separate file which describes the various ensembles available and lists their services. To this file are also added hyperlinks pointing to the files of the service suppliers. Hyperlinks can be added to a page in the service supplier's programme file containing an overview of the services to enable the pages to be linked to the pages of other serv ⁇ ice suppliers or to the pages for other services by the same supplier as well as to the ensemble. In this way, the DAB operator generates a combined programme guide containing several HTML file pages. A passage from a service supplier's programme guide could look e.g. like this:
  • Alpha radio This service mainly consists of music with occasional news.
  • the programmes today are as follows.
  • the bold text Alpha Radio can be a link to the service list of the ensemble, which again may contain a link to a list of other ensembles.
  • the programme guide composed of successive HTML files, is placed in the DAB multiplex and transmitted. At least a part of it, preferably the start-up page, is placed in the AIC channel (Auxiliary Information Channel).
  • the rest of the files can be i o placed either in the AIC channel or in one of the packet channels.
  • the electronic programme guide must contain up-to-date informa ⁇ tion. For this reason, hyperlinks associated with programmes already fin ⁇ ished must be deactivated or they as well as the associated texts must be removed. Correspondingly, the programme guide must be comple-
  • the version number of the file containing the pro ⁇ gramme guide must be incremented by one upon each change.
  • the exact instant of changing the file contents of the guide need not be synchronized with a possible change in the multiplex configura- 0 tion. If the service profile changes during the reconfiguration, changes may also be required in the programme file.
  • the programme file changes much more fre ⁇ quently than the DAB multiplex, and it may even change before a given programme is ended, because the user probably should not be given a 5 chance to select a programme that is going to end in a few seconds. Be ⁇ cause of these considerations, the retransmission frequency of the pro ⁇ gramme file can be less than once per second.
  • large pro ⁇ gramme file elements such as image and sound files, can be transmitted outside the AIC channel and their repetition frequency may differ from 0 that of the parts transmitted over the AIC channel.
  • the application software in the receiver forms HTML pages from the files received and generates a graphic user interface as defined by them, in which the hyperlinks are visible. By means of the hyperlinks, the user can select a desired service. After the user has activated a hyperlink, an application software block performs a search based on the address and displays the file containing the anchor. Files are loaded and started immediately in response to the user's actions.
  • the present invention proposes a system which is free of the drawbacks described above.
  • the system is characterized by what is said in claim 1 .
  • a receiver designed for the system is defined in claim 7.
  • a new element relating to the display type of the receiver as well as attributes for that element are defined in the language in which the programme file is written.
  • the element indi- cates the type of receiver display that the information between a start tag and an end tag is intended for.
  • different display types are divided into display classes.
  • a display class attribute associated with the element tells the receiver that the programme file contains in ⁇ formation intended for this type of receiver.
  • the nature and source of the information are indicated by separate attributes, and the information may be audio information, condensed text information or a combination of these.
  • the receiver detects an element relating to display type and examines its display class attribute too see whether it contains information relating to the display of the receiver in question. If such information is found, then the receiver will function in accordance with the attributes indicating the nature of the information, displaying condensed text and/or reproducing the audio information.
  • Fig. 1 presents the hierarchy levels in the DAB system
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the basic idea of the programme guide
  • Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a programme fragment
  • Fig. 4 is a modified programme fragment
  • Fig. 5 is another modified programme fragment.
  • the display of a DAB receiver may be anything from a modest 8- character receiver display to a VGA-level display of a general-purpose personal computer.
  • the programme file implemented as hypertext, con ⁇ tains assemblies comprising alphanumeric characters and intended to be displayed completely in a single screen, so it is best suited for a PC dis ⁇ play. If the display can only display 8 or 1 6 characters, then the applica ⁇ tion software of the receiver must decide what to display. An obvious solution would be to display only the beginning of the text or to scroll the text across the display, thereby reducing its intelligibility.
  • different display types are taken into account when the programme file is created, by setting the element DISPLAY in the programme file language and defining attributes for it.
  • the DISPLAY element is only used in the BODY part of a HTML document. As is well known, that is the part that contains the text flow of the document, including titles, paragraphs, lists, etc. This element is used to mark those very short segments in the text of the programme file that are intended for the display class indicated by the relevant attribute of the element, such as a modest 8-character receiver display. These segments may be the same as the most important hyperlinks in the text. Less important hyperlinks, such as links to pictures, are left out. The segmenting changes the text visible on the minimal display into a hierar ⁇ chic menu structure, allowing the user to scroll the display one line at a time.
  • the attributes proposed for the DISPLAY element are described.
  • the attributes are set in accordance with the HTML lan- guage element structure and they include: ID, CLASS, ALT and ALV.
  • the ID attribute is an SGML identifier and it is used as the head of a hypertext link or in style lists relating to the designation of certain ele ⁇ ments.
  • the identifiers are NAME signs and they must be unambiguous within the document.
  • the application programme of the re ⁇ DCver identifies the DISPLAY element and its CLASS attribute and then only displays the characters that are intended for the display class of the particular receiver.
  • the ALT (Alternate Text) attribute refers to an optional text which can be displayed as an alternative to graphics or long text intended for a PC-level display.
  • the optional text may contain hyperlinks (anchors) but no hidden DISPLAY elements.
  • the ALV (Alternative Voice) refers to a voice file which can be presented instead of or in addition to a marked-up portion. This attribute is a particularly handy device because when it is used together with marked-up short text segments, the result is a user interface for receivers with a small display, an interface with a menu and a helpful voice an ⁇ nouncement associated with each menu item.
  • the voice file can be trans ⁇ ferred over a packet channel, in the PAD field of the audio frame, by set ⁇ ting the application type parameter to the value of 1 6 or 1 7, or the voice file may be a marked-up passage in a continuous audio stream.
  • the latter alternative provides the advantage that the voice file need not be stored in memory but is presented immediately upon reception This allows the use of receivers of a cheaper and simpler design
  • the receiver identifies the DISPLAY element of the start tag and thus knows that the anchor contains information relating to display type. From the value 'minimal' of the CLASS attribute, it recognizes that re ⁇ DCvers with a minimal display can receive the information indicated by the ALV attribute, i.e. decode the mpeg-encoded audio file from the con ⁇ tinuous audio stream. It is only after this start tag that there comes the same start tag as in the example without a DISPLAY element, in other words, the same hyperlink text "Music magazine" together with its an ⁇ chors is still the same and this text is displayed on the screen of a re- DCver with a better display.
  • the receiver can play back the audio file specified in the ALV attribute.
  • Fig. 4 shows a diagram representing the programme passage of Fig. 3 with the addition of an element and attributes as provided by the invention.
  • the addition is a DISPLAY start tag with its attributes CLASS and ALV, of which the ALV attribute indicates where the audio file is to be found.
  • This is followed by the same hyperlink as in Fig. 3, with a DISPLAY end tag after it.
  • the original hyperlink is thus placed between the DISPLAY start and end tags.
  • the ALT attribute relating to an alternative text can be used to re ⁇ fer to a text intended for receivers with a minimal display.
  • the original HTML format shown above could look like this:
  • the original hyperlink is preserved and in addition the ALT attribute brings the alternative text "8.00 Mus. Mag. " hidden in this hyperlink.
  • the receiver may display the text "Music magazine” or the text "8.00 Mus. Mag.”, and clicking on any one of them will activate the same hyperlink.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates this alternative.
  • the ALT attribute after the DISPLAY start tag is associated with the short text "Mus. Mag. " together with an anchor address.
  • the address is the same as for the long text (Fig. 3), so in both cases activation will start exactly the same re ⁇ ceiver functions. After this there comes a hyperlink as in Fig. 3 and fi ⁇ nally a DISPLAY end tag.
  • ALT attributes were given, but it is naturally possible to use both attrib ⁇ utes simultaneously in conjunction with the DISPLAY element.
  • the CLASS attribute is a handy tool for the classification of displays into de ⁇ sired classes, and the ALV and ALT attributes can then be used to iden- tify information intended for receivers of these classes only. Still, the re ⁇ DCver can always decide whether it is going to use the original format or take the DISPLAY element parameters into account.
  • the proposed new element and its attributes added to a pro ⁇ gramme file allow receivers with different display classes to make maxi- mum use of the programme file.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)

Abstract

A la fin de la transmission d'un système de radiodiffusion numérique, on produit et on transmet un fichier guide de programmes spécifiques. Le fichier contient un texte et des images à présenter à l'utilisateur ainsi que des données invisibles à l'utilisateur, prévues uniquement pour le logiciel d'application du récepteur. Comme les récepteurs peuvent avoir plusieurs affichages de types différents, allant de l'affichage alphanumérique destiné à peu de caractères à un affichage VGA, on propose qu'un nouvel élément soit ajouté aux données invisibles à l'utilisateur, cet élément étant utilisé pour annoter séparément des graphiques et des passages du texte qui sont affichés sur un écran d'un type donné. Le type d'affichage est indiqué au moyen d'un attribut associé à l'élément. Un attribut est également utilisé pour déterminer si un texte original long doit être remplacé par un texte court ou une annonce vocale.
PCT/FI1996/000681 1995-12-21 1996-12-20 Fichier de programmes d'un systeme de radiodiffusion numerique WO1997023967A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU11778/97A AU1177897A (en) 1995-12-21 1996-12-20 Programme file in a digital broadcasting system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI956196A FI99185C (fi) 1995-12-21 1995-12-21 Ohjelmatiedosto digitaalisessa yleisradiojärjestelmässä
FI956196 1995-12-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997023967A1 true WO1997023967A1 (fr) 1997-07-03

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PCT/FI1996/000681 WO1997023967A1 (fr) 1995-12-21 1996-12-20 Fichier de programmes d'un systeme de radiodiffusion numerique

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AU (1) AU1177897A (fr)
FI (1) FI99185C (fr)
WO (1) WO1997023967A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0923195A1 (fr) * 1997-12-09 1999-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Récepteur de recevoir des signaux DAB
GB2406452A (en) * 2003-09-29 2005-03-30 Lg Electronics Inc Selection and display of DAB service components
GB2410638A (en) * 2004-01-28 2005-08-03 British Sky Broadcasting Ltd Automatic formatting of signals sent to a plurality of outputs by a media device

Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0306208A2 (fr) * 1987-09-02 1989-03-08 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.p.A. Méthode et appareil pour la transmission et/ou la réception de programmes d'ordinateur et/ou données au moyen de télétexte
US4908859A (en) * 1986-09-19 1990-03-13 M/A-Com Government Systems, Inc. Receiver access interface to service components in television channel
DE4422015C1 (de) * 1994-06-16 1995-08-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Übertragung digitaler Daten und digitaler Zusatzdaten und Verfahren zur Wiedergabe digitaler Daten und digitaler Zusatzdaten
EP0718783A1 (fr) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-26 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Procédé et dispositif de recouvrement d'informations implémenté par ordinateur
EP0731575A2 (fr) * 1995-03-09 1996-09-11 NOKIA TECHNOLOGY GmbH Méthode de génération et de transmission d'un document "hypertexte" et de service "hyper-media" vers un récepteur de son numérique mobile
WO1997013339A1 (fr) * 1995-10-04 1997-04-10 Philips Electronics N.V. Recepteur de radiodiffusion audionumerique (ran), dispositif et procede pour convertir le format d'une sequence de donnees ran
WO1997013336A1 (fr) * 1995-10-05 1997-04-10 Oy Nokia Ab Prise en charge de fichiers de programme dans un systeme de radiodiffusion numerique

Patent Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4908859A (en) * 1986-09-19 1990-03-13 M/A-Com Government Systems, Inc. Receiver access interface to service components in television channel
EP0306208A2 (fr) * 1987-09-02 1989-03-08 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.p.A. Méthode et appareil pour la transmission et/ou la réception de programmes d'ordinateur et/ou données au moyen de télétexte
DE4422015C1 (de) * 1994-06-16 1995-08-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Übertragung digitaler Daten und digitaler Zusatzdaten und Verfahren zur Wiedergabe digitaler Daten und digitaler Zusatzdaten
EP0718783A1 (fr) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-26 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Procédé et dispositif de recouvrement d'informations implémenté par ordinateur
EP0731575A2 (fr) * 1995-03-09 1996-09-11 NOKIA TECHNOLOGY GmbH Méthode de génération et de transmission d'un document "hypertexte" et de service "hyper-media" vers un récepteur de son numérique mobile
WO1997013339A1 (fr) * 1995-10-04 1997-04-10 Philips Electronics N.V. Recepteur de radiodiffusion audionumerique (ran), dispositif et procede pour convertir le format d'une sequence de donnees ran
WO1997013336A1 (fr) * 1995-10-05 1997-04-10 Oy Nokia Ab Prise en charge de fichiers de programme dans un systeme de radiodiffusion numerique

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Title
FUNKSCHAU, No. 22/95, October 1995, INGRID MITTERHUMMER et al., "Datenrundfunk mit DAB", pp. 45-48. *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0923195A1 (fr) * 1997-12-09 1999-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Récepteur de recevoir des signaux DAB
GB2406452A (en) * 2003-09-29 2005-03-30 Lg Electronics Inc Selection and display of DAB service components
GB2406452B (en) * 2003-09-29 2006-04-12 Lg Electronics Inc Digital broadcasting receiver and method for displaying service component of digital broadcasting
GB2410638A (en) * 2004-01-28 2005-08-03 British Sky Broadcasting Ltd Automatic formatting of signals sent to a plurality of outputs by a media device
WO2005074265A3 (fr) * 2004-01-28 2005-12-29 British Sky Broadcasting Ltd Dispositif de medias

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI99185B (fi) 1997-06-30
FI956196A0 (fi) 1995-12-21
FI99185C (fi) 1997-10-10
AU1177897A (en) 1997-07-17

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